WECS
WECS
WECS
CONVERSION SYSTEMS
VENKATA SUBRAMANIAN.M,
AP/EEE
1
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
•Components of WECS
•WECS schemes
•Power obtained from wind
•simple momentum theory
•Power coefficient
•Sabinin’s theory
•Aerodynamics of Wind turbine
2
Early wind energy engineer…
Of all the forces of nature, I should think the wind
contains the largest amount of motive power.
– Abraham Lincoln -
1860
3
Among renewable energy sources, wind energy
generation has been noted as the most rapidly
growing technology because it is one of the most
cost effective and environmental friendly means to
generate electricity from renewable sources.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT
5
There are huge variations in size, but all wind turbines
from the smallest to the largest work in the same way.
The overall configuration is identical.
Each system consists of a rotor (blades) that converts the
wind’s energy into rotational shaft energy, a nacelle
(enclosure) containing a drive train, and a generator .
The energy that moves the wind (kinetic energy) moves
the blades.
This energy in turn moves the drive train (mechanical
energy) is then turned into electricity (electrical energy)
in the generators and then stored in batteries or
transferred to home power grids or utility companies for
use in the usual way.
6
COMPONENTS OF A WIND TURBINE
SYSTEM
7
The nacelle: Sits on top of the tower and contains the electrical
components—the gearbox, the brake, the wind speed and
director monitor, the yaw mechanism, and the generator.
Tower:
Supports the nacelle and rotor.
The electricity produced by the generator comes down cables
inside the tower and passes through a transformer into the
electricity network.
Base:
Large turbines are built on a concrete base foundation.
When a wind turbine ceases production, it is a simple task to
dig these out or cover them, leaving little trace behind.
12
WECS- SCHEMES
13
1.1 Wind Turbines Based on Axes
Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)
14
1.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
In the VAWT the generator shaft is positioned
vertically with the blades pointing up with the generator
mounted on the ground or a short tower.
There are two basic types of airfoils (blades): lift and drag:
18
1.3.2 Horizontal downwind:
The generator shaft is positioned horizontally,and the wind hits the tower first
and then the blade.
Horizontal downwind doesn’t need an additional mechanism for keeping it in
line with the wind, and in high winds the blades can be allowed to bend, which
reduces their swept area and thus their wind resistance.
Horizontal downwind turbine is also free of turbulence problems.
19
1.4 Wind Turbine Power Scales
According to the size of the wind turbine and the
annual mean wind speed, there are three types of wind
turbines :
1. Small-scale wind turbines: Their power range
is 0.025 Kw to 10 Kw. Annual mean wind speed range
of 2.5 to 4.0 m/s is needed for this type of wind
turbine.
2. Medium-scale wind turbines: Need 4.0 to 5.0
m/s annual wind speed to produce power. Output
power range is 10 KW to 100 KW.
3. Large-scale wind turbines: Annual mean wind
speed needed is more than 5 m/s, and output power is
greater than 100 KW. They are usually connected to
20
1.5 Wind Turbine Installation Location
Depending on installation locations, there are two types of wind
turbines:the onshore wind farm and the offshore wind farm. There are
several advantages of the offshore turbines:
(1) higher and more constant wind speeds; and, consequently,
(2) higher efficiencies. Onshore wind farms are often subject to
restrictions and objections: objections based on their negative visual
impact or noise; restrictions associated with obstructions (e.g.,
buildings, mountains), land-use disputes, or limited availability of
lands. However, onshore wind systems may also have some advantages
over offshore wind farms:
• Cheaper foundations
• Cheaper integration with the electrical-grid network
• Cheaper installation and access during the construction phase
• Cheaper and easier access for operation and maintenance
21
• Aerofoil design
Leading
Edge L F
Trailing
Wind D Edge
Angle
of
Attack