Load Characteristics

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Load Characteristics
Load characteristics is a load or power requirement also
KVA consumer varies widely. But in the general the
consumer can be grouped into a few categories as their need
and demand are the same.
A broad Classification of no Load are:
(i) Domestic and residential load
(ii) Only lighting loads (such us for street light etc.)
(iii) Commercial loads
(iv) Industrial loads
(v) Agricultural loads and other rural loads
The load characteristics plays an
important role in:
 Determining the total power and
energy requirement of the system
 Planning the installed capacity of the
power plant
 Selection of the suitable generating
capacity for each unit of the plant.
Definition:
Load-
is a electrical power needed in KW or KVA.
Industrial Loads-
are the greater importance in distribution system with demand
factor 0.7 to 0.8. For heavy industries demand may be 0.9 and load
factor 0.7 to 0.8.
Demand-
the power requirement (in KW or KVA) at the load averaged over a
specified interval (15min to 30min). Sometimes it is given in amperes at
a specified voltage level.
Demand Interval
It is period over which the load is averaged.
Load Curves of a Generating Station

The total power requirements of a generation station can be
estimated using this curves.
Load Curve (or Chronological Load Curve)

It represents the load in its time sequence. As shown this curve is
obtained by plotting the station load along Y-axis and the time when it
occurs along X-axis. Usually, it is plotted for one day by taking average
load based on the time interval ∆t, which is usually an hour. The area
under the curve represents the total energy consumed by the load in one
day.
Load Duration Characteristics
It represents the same data (i.e. load versus time) but the ordinates are
rearranged in magnitude sequence (not time sequence). Here the greatest load is
plotted on the left, lesser load toward the right and the least load on the
extreme right.
Connected Load
It is the sum of continuous rating of all the equipment connected to supply
system.
Maximum Demand
It is the greatest demand of load on the power station during a given period.
Demand factor
 It is the of maximum demand on the power station to its connected load.
Demand Factor=

The value of demand factor is usually less than 1. It is expected
because maximum demand on the power station is generally less than
the connected load.
Example:
If the maximum demand on the power station is 80MW and the
connected load is 100MW.
The demand factor =
=0.8
the knowledge of demand factor is vital in determining the capacity of

the plant equipment.
Average load

It is the average of loads occurring on the power station on a given period
( day or month or year) is known as average demand.
Daily average load=


Monthly Average Load=
Yearly Average Load=

EXAMPLE:

Find the monthly average load of a nuclear power station which generates
5000 MW of power.
SOLUTION:
Average Load=
=6944.44KW
Load Factor
 The ratio of average load to the maximum demand during a given period is
known as load factor
Load Factor=
 If the plant is in operation for T hours
Load Factor=
=
Example:

Calculate the daily load factor for the following:
Consider the value of total kilowatt hour= 36,0000KWh
Demand =100KW
SOLUTION:
Load Factor for daily=

=150
Diversity Factor
 It is the ratio of sum of individual maximum demand to the maximum
demand on the power station.
Diversity Factor=
Capacity Factor
 It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy
that could have been produced during a given period.
Capacity Factor=

Thus if the considered period is one year,
Annual capacity factor=

Plant Use Factor
 It is the ratio KWhr generated to the product of plant capacity and the
number hours for which the plant was in operation
Plant Use Factor=

Example:
 Supposed a plant having installed capacity of 20MW produces annual
output of 7.8x10⁶KWh and remains in operation for 2190 hour in year.
SOLUTION:
Plant use factor= x100%

=17.8%

Load Characteristics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Load Characteristics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Load Characteristics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

Load Curves of a Generating Station

Load Curve (or Chronological Load Curve)

the knowledge of demand factor is vital in determining the capacity of

Daily average load=

Monthly Average Load=

Yearly Average Load=

Load Factor for daily=

Thus if the considered period is one year,

Annual capacity factor=

Plant Use Factor=

Plant use factor= x100%

You might also like