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    Cohesion and Coherence

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    Sheenly David
    The document discusses the basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including maintaining cohesion and coherence. It defines cohesion as the connectivity of ideas in a text and coherence as the logical flow of ideas. It also outlines four key principles for good paragraphs: focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing the paragraph in a clear pattern, and making the paragraph coherent through transitional words and logical sentence structure.

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    Cohesion and Coherence

    Uploaded by

    Sheenly David
    73 views15 pages
    The document discusses the basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including maintaining cohesion and coherence. It defines cohesion as the connectivity of ideas in a text and coherence as the logical flow of ideas. It also outlines four key principles for good paragraphs: focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing the paragraph in a clear pattern, and making the paragraph coherent through transitional words and logical sentence structure.

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    report for cohesion and coherence

    Original Title

    cohesion and coherence

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    The document discusses the basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including maintaining cohesion and coherence. It defines cohesion as the connectivity of ideas in a text and coherence as the logical flow of ideas. It also outlines four key principles for good paragraphs: focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing the paragraph in a clear pattern, and making the paragraph coherent through transitional words and logical sentence structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    73 views15 pages

    Cohesion and Coherence

    Uploaded by

    Sheenly David
    The document discusses the basic principles for writing effective paragraphs, including maintaining cohesion and coherence. It defines cohesion as the connectivity of ideas in a text and coherence as the logical flow of ideas. It also outlines four key principles for good paragraphs: focusing on a main idea, using specific details, developing the paragraph in a clear pattern, and making the paragraph coherent through transitional words and logical sentence structure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    COHESION AND

    COHERENCE

    Basic Principles for Good Paragraphs


    WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS

    ¤ Cohesion
    ¤ Connectivity of the ideas in the
    text
    ¤ Refers to how a group of
    sentences “hang together”
    WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS
    ¤ Cohesion
    ¤ Connectivity of the ideas in the text
    ¤ Ideas stick together/ ideas are tied
    together, especially with conjunctions
    ¤ Coherence
    ¤ Systematic and logical flow of ideas so
    that the text is easy to read and
    understand
    WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS

    ¤ Paragraph
    ¤ A sentence or a group of
    sentences set off as a unit
    ¤ All sentences in a paragraph
    are related to one single main
    idea
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ① Focus on a main idea


    ¤ Main idea – what the
    paragraph is about
    ¤ May be stated, or implied
    ¤ Mostly found in the topic
    sentence
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❷ Use specific details


    ¤ All other sentences in the
    paragraph should relate to and
    contribute to the main idea
    ¤ Details should explain the writer’s
    ideas and hold the reader’s
    interest
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ③ Develop using a pattern


    ¤ Depends on: (a) Purpose and
    (b) Target Audience
     When oil is smoking hot, add garlic, ginger,
    scallions, crabs, and the rest of the ingredients.
     Serve with hot rice.
     In a large pan, heat oil on high heat.
     Cook until crabs are cooked through.
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ③ Develop using a pattern


    ¤ Seatwork (p.4): Paragraph
    In a large pan, heat oil on high heat. When oil is
    smoking hot, add garlic, ginger, scallions, crabs and
    the rest of the ingredients. Cook until crabs are
    cooked through. Serve with hot rice.
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ “Cohere” = stick together
    ¤ “Flow” details of the paragraph
    fit together in a way that is clear to
    the reader
    ¤ Depends on: (a) Pattern of
    Development and (b) Sentence-
    Level Control
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ Sentence-Level Control
    includes transitional words
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ Transitions – are words or
    phrases that specify a
    relationship between
    sentences and between
    paragraphs.
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ Transitions specify:
    ¤ Sequence
    ¤ Time
    ¤ Comparison
    ¤ Contrast
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ Transitions specify:
    ¤ Examples
    ¤ Cause and Effect
    ¤ Place
    ¤ Concession
    ¤ Summary, Repetition, Conclusion
    BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR GOOD PARAGRAPHS

    ❹ Make paragraphs coherent


    ¤ Transitions: example
    ¤ In recent years viruses have been shown to
    cause cancer not only in chickens but also in
    mice, cats, and even in some primates.
    Therefore, it is a reasonable hypothesis that
    viruses might cause cancer in humans.

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