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    14 Theory of Magnitism

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    Daniel England
    This document provides an overview of magnetism and compasses for navigation purposes. It discusses how magnetism allows one to determine direction on Earth using magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses. It describes magnets and magnetic fields, including magnetic poles and lines of force. It also covers the Earth's magnetic field and how magnetic north and south poles differ from geographic poles. The document defines terms like magnetic meridian, variation, dip, and true north that are important for navigation.

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    14 Theory of Magnitism

    Uploaded by

    Daniel England
    144 views25 pages
    This document provides an overview of magnetism and compasses for navigation purposes. It discusses how magnetism allows one to determine direction on Earth using magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses. It describes magnets and magnetic fields, including magnetic poles and lines of force. It also covers the Earth's magnetic field and how magnetic north and south poles differ from geographic poles. The document defines terms like magnetic meridian, variation, dip, and true north that are important for navigation.

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    This document provides an overview of magnetism and compasses for navigation purposes. It discusses how magnetism allows one to determine direction on Earth using magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses. It describes magnets and magnetic fields, including magnetic poles and lines of force. It also covers the Earth's magnetic field and how magnetic north and south poles differ from geographic poles. The document defines terms like magnetic meridian, variation, dip, and true north that are important for navigation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    144 views25 pages

    14 Theory of Magnitism

    Uploaded by

    Daniel England
    This document provides an overview of magnetism and compasses for navigation purposes. It discusses how magnetism allows one to determine direction on Earth using magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses. It describes magnets and magnetic fields, including magnetic poles and lines of force. It also covers the Earth's magnetic field and how magnetic north and south poles differ from geographic poles. The document defines terms like magnetic meridian, variation, dip, and true north that are important for navigation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Navigation

    NAU 102
    Lesson 14
    Magnetism & Compasses

    A basic function of navigation is


    finding direction.
    We must determine:
    Courses
    Headings
    Bearings
    Magnetism & Compasses

    Primary instruments for


    determining direction:

    Magnetic Compasses
    Gyrocompasses
    Magnetism

    One way to find direction on Earth


    is to use the phenomenon of
    magnetism.
    The physical phenomenon by
    which certain metals attract or
    repel items of like material.
    Magnet

    An object that exhibits the property


    of magnetism.
    Can occur naturally (a lodestone) or
    be induced in certain metals by:
    •Contact with a lodestone
    •Exposure to an electric or
    magnetic field
    Lodestone
    Magnet Field
    Magnets produce a force that can affect the
    surrounding area.
    Magnet Field

    The effect of the magnetic field can be


    illustrated by lines of force.
    Magnet Poles
    Every magnet has two poles. The lines of
    force flow from one (called the “north
    pole”) to the other (the “south pole”).
    Magnet Poles
    Alike poles repel each other.
    Magnet Poles
    Opposite poles attract each other.
    Our Magnetic Earth
    The Earth has a magnetic field.
    This can be visualized by imagining a bar
    magnet inside the Earth.
    Our Magnetic Earth
    Magnetic Poles
    The North & South magnetic poles are not
    in the same locations as the geographic
    poles.

    Magnetic North ≈ 78.9°N 103.8°W

    Magnetic South ≈ 64.5°S 139.5°E

    The location of the poles are constantly


    changing.
    Dip
    The magnetic lines of force have vertical
    and horizontal components.
    Dip – the vertical
    angle of lines of force.

    0° at the magnetic
    equator
    90° at the poles
    Dip
    A Little Review

    Meridian – the great circle passing through


    the geographic poles and a position on the
    Earth.

    True North (0° T) – the direction from you


    to the geographic north pole; it is measured
    along your meridian.
    Magnetic Directions

    Magnetic Meridian – a line of force running


    between the magnetic poles, passing
    through a position on the Earth.

    Magnetic North (0° M) – the direction of the


    magnetic meridian that passes through your
    position.
    Magnetic Directions

    Magnetic Directions ≠ True Directions


    Why Not?

    Geographic North Pole is in a different


    place than the Magnetic North Pole.

    Magnetic meridians aren’t great circles.


    Variation

    “The difference at a location between the


    directions of the magnetic and true
    meridians.”
    “The difference between true north and the
    direction the compass would point if free of
    all local disturbances.”
    - Dutton’s
    Variation
    Local variation is
    shown on the
    compass rose
    nearest your
    location.

    It changes over
    time.
    Variation
    Labeled West (W)
    if 0°M is west (or
    to the left) of 0°T.

    Labeled East (E) if


    0°M is east (or to
    the right) of 0°T.
    Introduction to Navigation

    Questions?

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