A Study on the Seismic Behaviour of

a 15 Storey RCC Building

Considering Base Isolator
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
 Presented by-
PANCHANI NIRAV 2017H1430065P
S. ROOPAK 2017H1430068P
ANKIT SINGH MEHRA 2017H1430070P
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
CHANDAN SHARMA 2017H1430071P
AIM OF THE PROJECT
• To analyse the effects dynamic loading on buildings with
base isolators.
• To analyse the effects dynamic loading on buildings with
base isolators.
• To compare the impact of base isolators on buildings of
different heights and floor levels.

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INTRODUCTION
• Base isolation is method in which
the superstructure is separated from the
base.

• Generally an engineer has to increase

the ductility of the structure to handle
the seismic demand, but it reduces the
seismic demand , by reducing the
motions being transferred to the
structure from foundations.

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PURPOSE OF BASE ISOLATION
• To increase the safety of the structure.

• To provide horizontally flexibility as well

as vertically stiffness to the structure.

• Any existing building is not capable to

withstand any earthquake.

• Withstand small earthquakes without any

damage.

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PRINCIPLE OF BASE ISOLATION

• The response of structure is modified such

that ground can move with no or minimal
motion transmitted to the structure.

• Lengthening the natural time period of the

structure.

• Reduction of the acceleration of the

structure.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Without Base- With Base-isolation

isolation

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ADVANTAGES
• Need of strengthening measures such as frames, bracing and shear walls is cut
down.

• Simplification of seismic analysis by allowing reduction in structural elements.

• Reduced the damages caused during an earthquake. This helps in maintaining the
performance of structure after event

• Reduced the seismic demand of structure, thereby reducing the cost of structure.

• Base isolation also protects structures from blast loads.

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DISADVANTAGES
• Not suitable for structures resting on soft soils.

• Less efficient for high rise buildings.

• Not efficient in case of very large seismic forces.

• Cannot be applied partially to the structure unlike other retrofitting.

• Careful study is required to identify the most suitable type of device for a
particular building.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
• Kelly [1] provided a historical perspective dating back to the beginnings of
seismic isolation technology, followed by a complete chronology of
research and development efforts.

• Buckle and Mayes [2] included a thoughtful historical discussion as well as

a comprehensive list of the early applications that paved the way for
acceptance and wider adoption.

• Taylor et al. [3] presented a review of the use of elastomers in seismic

isolation bearings, with emphasis on their long-term behavior.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
• Kunde and Jangid [4] prepared a comprehensive review of research and
application of seismic isolation to bridges, including analytical,
experimental and parametric studies.

• Symans et al. [5] reviewed the development and application of seismic

isolation and damping systems for wood frame structures, which are
uniquely challenging to isolate due to the inherent flexibility of the framing
system and relatively light mass.

• American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE),[6] discusses the theory,

hardware, analysis, design, and testing requirements specific to the United
States.

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COMMON BASE ISOLATORS
The most commonly used base isolators are:
• Laminated Rubber (Elastomeric) Bearing.
• High Damping Rubber (HDR) Bearing.
• Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB).
• Flat Sliding bearings.
• Curved Sliding Bearing.

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LAMINATED RUBBER BEARING
• Bearings formed of horizontal layers of
synthetic or natural rubber in thin layers
bounded between steel plates.
• Generally, elastomeric bearings have low
critical damping resistance,
approximately 2% to 3% of critical
viscous damping; and have minimal

resistance under service loads.

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HIGH DAMPING RUBBER BEARING
• As an alternative to elastomeric
bearings, high damping rubber bearings
provide critical damping from 10% to
20%.
• The construction methodology is the
same with elastomeric bearings;
however, the damping is increased by
adding carbon block and other fillers.
In addition, it has an adequate
resistance to service loads.

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LEAD RUBBER BEARING
• Lead rubber bearings(LRB) are elastomeric
bearings that contain one or more lead plugs
inserted into their preformed holes.
• The lead provides significant stiffness under
service loads and low lateral loads as
compare to elastomeric bearings.
• In addition, the lead serves as energy
dissipation mechanism under severe lateral
loads.

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FLAT SLIDING BEARING
• Flat sliding bearings consist of PTFE (Teflon)
disc that slides on a stainless steel plate.
• They provide an adequate stiffness under
service loads with high damping properties.
• However, it must be combined with other
bearings (i.e. HDRBs, LRBs) because it has
no capability to return to its initial position.

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CURVED SLIDER BEARING
• This bearings have the same properties as the
flat sliding bearings. However, the sliding
surface is concave in shape rather than flat as
shown.
• The hemisphere at the center of the concave
surface is the pendulum slider. The spherical
concave surface provides a restoring force to
the pendulum slider to return to its initial
position

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ANCIENT HISTORY
CYRUS THE GREAT TOMB,
IRAN

• It was built in 550 BC

• Several layers of smoothed stone and
timber without any mortar or sticky
material between them actually form
a kind of base isolation.

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EXAMPLES OF REAL LIFE STRUCTURES
HAVING BASE ISOLATION
LOCATION: RANCHO CUCAMONGA,
CALIFORNIA
ISOLATOR: HDR
YEAR: 1985

Foothill Communities Law and Justice Centre

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EXAMPLES OF REAL LIFE STRUCTURES
HAVING BASE ISOLATION
LOCATION: SENDAI, MIYOKO
PROVINCES, JAPAN
ISOLATOR: HDR
YEAR: 1990

Tohoku Electric Power Company, Japan

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EXAMPLES OF REAL LIFE STRUCTURES
HAVING BASE ISOLATION

LOCATION: BHUJ, GUJARAT

ISOLATOR : LRB & SLIDING
BEARING
YEAR : 2003

Bhuj Civil Hospital ,Gujarat

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METHODOLOGY
1. DIMENSIONS OF BUILDINGS

PARAMETERS VALUES
PLAN DIMENSION 25m x 25m
ELEVATION FROM DEPTH OF FIXITY 49.5 m
FLOOR HEIGHT 3m
TOTAL NUMBER OF STOREY G+15
ISOLATOR LRB

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METHODOLOGY
2. LOADING DETAILS
Parameter Values
Dead load As per IS 875- Part 1- 1987
(Self-weight of slab, beam and column is taken care of by
the software itself as they are modeled within the structure.) 1 kN/m2 (Floor finish including plaster)

Live load As per IS 875-Part 2-1987 for residential buildings

Wind load As per IS 875-Part 3-1987 for location Delhi.

Seismic load Static as well as dynamic analysis (response spectrum) is
carried out following guidelines from IS 1893-2002.

Basic wind speed 47 m/s

Location Delhi

Seismic zone IV

Importance factor I

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METHODOLOGY
3. For the analysis software ETABS has was selected to perform the seismic
analysis as ETABS has major edge over STAAD in ease of Modelling, Assigning
various loads, Dynamic Analysis and user interface.
4. Modelling of the 15 storied Building along with its components would be done
with material and dimensional specifications.
5. Static loads and Dynamic loads (Wind and Seismic) are assigned.
6. Dynamic analysis (seismic) in ETABS can be done using two methods:
a) Response Spectrum Analysis.
b) Time History Analysis.
In this project Response Spectrum method of analysis is selected.
7 The future possibilities, developments and advancements possible in the field of
base isolation related to its engineering, utilisation, efficiency, improvements and
its application would be observed.

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ANALYSIS
Case 1 : Without Shear Wall

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ANALYSIS
Case 2 : Provided Shear Wall

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ANALYSIS
U1 (Z-Direction) U2 (Y-Direction) U3 (X-Direction)

Stiffness (kN/m) 15000 400 400

Damping (kN-s/m) 0.1 0.1 0.1

• Yeild Strength(kN)= 110 kN

RESULT
FIXED COMPARISON BASE ISOLATED
SUPPORT SUPPORT

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RESULT- Time Period

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RESULT- Storey Drift

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RESULT- Max Joint Displacement

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RESULT- Max Joint Displacement

• Maximum Base Shear in x Direction in Normal Building

-10155.2488 kN

• Maximum Base Shear in x Direction in Base isolated Building

-4319.8115 kN

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Inferance
In the Base isolated structure
• Frequency Decreased and correspondingly the Time
period Increased
• Maximum Joint Displacement Increased , but the
structure started to displace as a whole and hence the
impact on the structure is reduced.
• Storey Drift showed very minimal value inferred low
relative displacement between floors.
• Base shear value reduced almost one fourth of the
normal case.
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REFERENCES
1. Kelly, J.M. Aseismic base isolation. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 1986, 5, 202–216.
2. Buckle, I.B; Mayes, R.M. Seismic isolation: History, application, and
performance, Earthq. Spectra 1990, 6, 161–201.
3. Taylor, A.W.; Lin, A.N.; Martin, J.W. Performance of elastomers in isolation
bearings,Earthq. Spectra 1992, 8, 279–303.
4. Kunde, M.C.; Jangid, R.S. Seismic behavior of isolated bridges,Electron. J. Struct.
Eng. 2003, 3, 140–170.
5. Symans, M.D.; Cofer, W.F.; Fridley, K.J. Base isolation and supplemental
damping systems for seismic protection of wood structures.Earthq. Spectra 2003,
18, 549–572.
6. Taylor, A.W.; Igusa, T. Primer on Seismic Isolation; ASCE and Task Committee on
Seismic Isolation: Reston, VA, USA, 2004.

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REFERENCES
7. IS 456:2000
8. IS 1893:2002
9. IS 875:1987
10. University of Canterbury Research Report No 2012:02
11. “Building With Base Isolation Techniques”, M.S. Ahmed, Vol. 7, No. 1, Dec.
2012; Al-Azhar Engineering International Conference
12. “Basic Concept of Base Isolation System for Buildings”, Dr. Taiki SAITO;
Japan Society of Seismic Isolation

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THANK YOU

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