Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering

and Management

SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL

BUILDING (G+4) USING STAAD-PRO

Submitted by –
Sakshi Waths Nandini Dange
Tanmay Bhansali Shraddha Malve

Under the guidance of

Dr. P.D. Hiwase
(Project Guide)
INTRODUCTION

• Earthquake resistant structures are those designed to

protect buildings from earthquake.
• According to building codes earthquake resistant structures
are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain
probability that is likely to occur at their location.
• This is to minimise the loss of life and property by preventing
collapse of structures.
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

• Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main

structural elements of a multi-storied building including slabs,
columns, beams.
• Getting familiar with structural softwares – Staad Pro.
• Getting real life experience of engineering practices.
Inter-relations that affect Earthquake-Resistant Design of Buildings: Focus of
earthquake-resistant design is desired earthquake behaviour
 OBJECTIVES

• Analysis of a structure for dead load and live load.

• Analysis of a structure for seismic loading.
• Comparison of parameters on the basis of seismic zones.
• Design of certain members manually and its verification by
Staad-Pro.
 General features observed in design to make a structure
earthquake resistant are :

• CONFIGURATION OF BUILDING:
The configuration refers to the shape of the building as a whole, their size,
nature and location of the resistant elements.

• SYMMETRY:
The term symmetry describes a geometric property of the configuration of the
building.
There is structural symmetry if the centre of mass and centre of rigidity
coincide on the ground.

• MASS DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION:

The distribution of masses must be as uniform as possible. It is desirable that
the variation of the floor to floor mass accompanying the variation in stiffness.
It is desirable to solve the water supply system which avoids the construction
of the voluminous water reserve at the highest level of the building.
• DENSITY STRUCTURE IN PLAN
A statistical measure may be the “density of the structure on the ground” at
ground level, defined as the total area of all vertical structural elements divided
by the gross floor area.

• STIFFNESS :
Stiffness is confused with resistance, but they are two different concepts, while
resistance is the load capacity that can withstand before collapsing structural
element, the stiffness measured the ability of a structural element has to resist
being deformed.
 Indian Seismic Codes
Seismic codes are unique to a particular region or country. They take into account the local seismology,
accepted level of seismic risk, building typologies, and materials and methods used in construction.
Further, they are indicative of the level of progress a country has made in the field of earthquake
engineering.

• The first formal seismic code in India, namely IS 1893, was published in 1962. Today, the Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) has the following seismic codes:

• IS 1893-2016, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

• IS 13920-2016, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete Structures.

• IS 456-2000, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

• IS 875-1987(Part 2): Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and
Structures. Part 2: Imposed Loads
IS 1893-2016

- IS 1893 is the main code that provides the seismic zone map and specifies
seismic design force.

-This force depends on the mass and seismic coefficient of the structure; the
latter in turn depends on properties like seismic zone in which structure lies,
importance of the structure, its stiffness, the soil on which it rests, and its
ductility.

-For example, a building in Bhuj will have 2.25 times the seismic design force of
an identical building in Bombay.

-Similarly, the seismic coefficient for a single-storey building may have 2.5 times
that of a 15-storey building.
• IS 13920-2016 :

-In India, reinforced concrete structures are designed and detailed as per
the Indian Code IS 456 (2000)
-However, structures located in high seismic regions require ductile
design and detailing.
- Provisions for the ductile detailing of monolithic reinforced concrete
frame and shear wall structures are specified in IS 13920 (2016).
- After the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, this code has been made mandatory
for all structures in zones III, IV and V.
- Similar provisions for seismic design and ductile detailing of steel
structures are not yet available in the Indian codes.
IS 456-2000 :
Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice is an Indian Standard code of practice for general
structural use of plain and reinforced concrete. The latest revision of this standard was done in year
2000, reaffirmed 2005. This code uses the limit state design approach as well working stress
design approach.

IS 875-1987 :

-The minimum live loads per square meter area for different types of structures are given in IS 875 (Part-
2)-1987.
-The code specifies uniformly distributed loads as wells as concentrated loads.
-The structures are to be investigated for both uniformly distributed and worst position of concentrated
loads.
-The condition which gives worst effect should be considered for structural design, but both should not
be considered to act simultaneously.
LITERATURE BY C. V. R. MURTHY
• In earthquake design, the building is subjected to random motion of the ground at its base, which
induces inertia forces in the building that in turn cause stresses; this is displacement-type loading.
• The design for only a fraction of the elastic level of seismic forces is possible, only if the building
can stably withstand large displacement demand through structural damage without collapse and
undue loss of strength. This property is called ductility.

Earthquake-Resistant and NOT Earthquake-Proof: Damage is expected during an earthquake in normal

constructions (a) undamaged building, and (b) damaged building.
• The traditional earthquake-resistant design philosophy requires that normal buildings should be able
to resist
(a) Minor (and frequent) shaking with no damage to structural and non-structural elements;
(b) Moderate shaking with minor damage to structural elements, and some damage to non-structural
elements; and
(c) Severe (and infrequent) shaking with damage to structural elements, but with NO collapse (to save
life and property inside/adjoining the building).
• The design for only a fraction of the elastic level of seismic forces is possible, only if the building can
stably withstand large displacement demand through structural damage without collapse and undue
loss of strength. This property is called ductility.
• It is relatively simple to design structures to possess certain lateral strength and initial stiffness by
appropriately proportioning the size and material of the members.
• Achieving sufficient ductility is more involved and requires extensive laboratory tests on full-scale
specimen to identify preferable methods of detailing.
What are the Four Virtues of an earthquake resistant building?

An earthquake-resistant building has four virtues in it, namely:

(a) Good Structural Configuration: Its size, shape and structural system carrying loads are
such that they ensure a direct and smooth flow of inertia forces to the ground.

(b) Lateral Strength: The maximum lateral (horizontal) force that it can resist is such that
the damage induced in it does not result in collapse.

(c) Adequate Stiffness: Its lateral load resisting system is such that the earthquake-induced
deformations in it do not damage its contents under low-to-moderate shaking.

(d) Good Ductility: Its capacity to undergo large deformations under severe earthquake
shaking even after yielding, is improved by favorable design and detailing strategies.
IS13920-2016 for beams:
• Longitudinal bars are provided to resist flexural cracking on the side of the beam that stretches.
• Since both top and bottom faces stretch during strong earthquake shaking, longitudinal steel bars are
required on both faces at the ends and on the bottom face at mid-length.
• The Indian Ductile Detailing Code IS13920-2016 prescribes that:
(a) At least two bars go through the full length of the beam at the top as well as the bottom of the
beam.
(b) At the ends of beams, the amount of steel provided at the bottom is at least half that at top.
• Stirrups in RC beams help in three ways, namely
(i) They carry the vertical shear force and thereby resist diagonal shear cracks
(ii) They protect the concrete from bulging outwards due to flexure, and
(iii) They prevent the buckling of the compressed longitudinal bars due to flexure.

In moderate to severe seismic zones, the Indian Standard IS13920-2016 prescribes the following
requirements related to stirrups in reinforced concrete beams:

• The diameter of stirrup must be at least 6mm; in beams more than 5m long, it must be at least
Smaller than diameter.
• Both ends of the vertical stirrups should be bent in a 135° hook and extended sufficiently beyond this
hook to ensure that the stirrup does not open out in an earthquake. The spacing of vertical stirrups
in any portion of the beam should be determined from calculations
• The maximum spacing of stirrups is less than half the depth of the beam
• For a length of twice the depth of the beam from the face of the column, an even more stringent
spacing of stirrups is specified, namely half the spacing mentioned above.
Design Strategy for columns :

• The Indian Ductile Detailing Code IS:13920-1993 requires columns to be at least 300mm wide.
• A column width of up to 200mm is allowed if unsupported length is less than 4m and beam length is
less than 5m.
• Columns that are required to resist earthquake forces must be designed to prevent shear failure by a
skillful selection of reinforcement.

• The Indian Standard IS13920-1993 prescribes following details for earthquake-resistant columns:
(a) Closely spaced ties must be provided at the two ends of the column over a length not less than
larger dimension of the column, one-sixth the column height or 450mm.
(b) Over the distance specified in item (a) above and below a beam-column junction, the vertical
spacing of ties in columns should not exceed D/4 for where D is the smallest dimension of the column
(e.g., in a rectangular column, D is the length of the small side). This spacing need not be less than 75mm
nor more than 100mm. At other locations, ties are spaced as per calculations but not more than D/2.
(c) The length of tie beyond the 135° bends must be at least 10 times diameter of steel bar used to
make the closed tie; this extension beyond the bend should not be less than 75mm.
• What are Shear Walls?
• Shear wall is a structural member used to resist lateral forces i.e. parallel to the plane of
the wall. For slender walls where the bending deformation is more, Shear wall resists the
loads due to Cantilever Action.
• Shear walls are especially important in high-rise buildings subject to lateral wind and
seismic forces.
• The shape and plan position of the shear wall influences the behavior of the structure
considerably.
• Structurally, the best position for the shear walls is in the center of each half of the
building. This is rarely practical, since it also utilizes the space a lot, so they are positioned
at the ends.
• It is better to use walls with no openings in them. So, usually, the walls around lift shafts
and stairwells are used. Also, walls on the sides of buildings that have no windows can be
used.
 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO STAAD.Pro V8i.
• STAAD.Pro is a general purpose program for performing the analysis and design of a
wide variety of types of structures. The basic three activities which are to be carried
out to achieve that goal –
a) Model generation :
Graphical model generation utilities allow you to create the geometry, assign
properties, orient cross sections as desired, assign materials like steel, concrete, timber,
aluminium.
b) The calculations to obtain the analytical results :
Analysis engines for performing linear elastic and p-delta analysis, finite element
analysis, frequency extraction, and dynamic response (spectrum, time history, steady
state, etc.).
c) Result verification :
Result viewing, result verification and report generation tools for examining
displacement diagrams, bending moment and shear force diagrams, beam, plate and
solid stress contours, etc.
PLINTH LEVEL:-

Dead Load:-
1.Wall load

• Floor height=3.2 m
• Depth of beam = 0.3m
• Thickness of outer wall = 0.23 m
• Thickness of inner wall = 0.115 m
• Wall load = (3.2 – 0.3) x 22 x 0.23
GROUND FLOOR ROOF SLAB:-

1.Wall load
• Floor height- 3.2 m
• Depth of beam = 0.3m
• Thickness of outer wall = 0.23 m
• Thickness of inner wall = 0.115 m
• Wall load = (3.2 – 0.3) x 22 x 0.23

2.Slab load

Slab load = Depth of slab x 25 +floor finish

= depth x 25 +1
Sunk Load:-

Brick bat coba filling = 0.3 x 20 = 6kN/m

Kitchen, washing area, sunk (150 mm) = 0.15 x 20
= 3kN/m

Terrace:-

Parapet wall = 1.2 m

= 1.2 x 0.15 x 22 = 3.96 kN/m
Slab Load = depth x 25 x (1+2) ….(2-water proofing)
Stair-case load:-

Inclined length = (b2 + h2)0.5 +span of mid landing

d= span/BV*MF

Waist slab depth = depth+ Dia/2 + Clear cover

Slab load= Depth x 25 +1

Terrace if accessible , LL = 3 kN/m2

Terrace if not accessible , LL = 2 kN/m2
LIVE LOAD IS 875 PART-2:-
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
LOADING FIRST FLOOR
FUTURE WORK:

• Static load analysis has been done.

• Dynamic load analysis will be done.
• Future the structure will be designed based on the complete
load analysis.