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    Pendahuluan Pap Smear

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    Ayu Nurlina
    The document discusses cytopathology and the Pap smear test. It notes that cytopathology examines cells to determine the cause of disease. The Pap smear test, introduced in 1928 by George Papanicolaou, involves examining cervical scrapings and brushings to detect malignant and precancerous cervical lesions. Widespread Pap smear screening has reduced cervical cancer rates in many countries by 70% by facilitating early detection. The document provides guidance on Pap smear screening recommendations, procedures, and liquid-based collection methods.

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    Pendahuluan Pap Smear

    Uploaded by

    Ayu Nurlina
    126 views14 pages
    The document discusses cytopathology and the Pap smear test. It notes that cytopathology examines cells to determine the cause of disease. The Pap smear test, introduced in 1928 by George Papanicolaou, involves examining cervical scrapings and brushings to detect malignant and precancerous cervical lesions. Widespread Pap smear screening has reduced cervical cancer rates in many countries by 70% by facilitating early detection. The document provides guidance on Pap smear screening recommendations, procedures, and liquid-based collection methods.

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    The document discusses cytopathology and the Pap smear test. It notes that cytopathology examines cells to determine the cause of disease. The Pap smear test, introduced in 1928 by George Papanicolaou, involves examining cervical scrapings and brushings to detect malignant and precancerous cervical lesions. Widespread Pap smear screening has reduced cervical cancer rates in many countries by 70% by facilitating early detection. The document provides guidance on Pap smear screening recommendations, procedures, and liquid-based collection methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views14 pages

    Pendahuluan Pap Smear

    Uploaded by

    Ayu Nurlina
    The document discusses cytopathology and the Pap smear test. It notes that cytopathology examines cells to determine the cause of disease. The Pap smear test, introduced in 1928 by George Papanicolaou, involves examining cervical scrapings and brushings to detect malignant and precancerous cervical lesions. Widespread Pap smear screening has reduced cervical cancer rates in many countries by 70% by facilitating early detection. The document provides guidance on Pap smear screening recommendations, procedures, and liquid-based collection methods.

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    You are on page 1of 14

    Teja Koswara, dr., Sp.

    PA
     Cytopathology refers to diagnostic techniques that are used
    to examine cells from various body sites to determine the
    cause or nature of disease

     The most important application of cytopathology in the area


    of cancer prevention is examination of scrapings and
    brushings from the uterine cervix.

     In 1928, George Papanicolaou introduced a cytologic method


    for detection of malignant and precancerous lesions of the
    uterine cervix : “Pap smear”

     Widespread screening of women by Pap smears has reduced


    the incidence of cervical cancer in the United States and
    many other countries by 70%
    Cytology of Pap smear
     Estimated false negative rate is 30-50% :

     Requires adequate :
    ◦ Specimen collection
    ◦ Cytological review by pathologist
     Any woman with a cervix who has had sexual
    intercourse

     Risk factors for cervical cancer :


    ◦ Early onset of sexual activity
    ◦ Multiple sexual partners
    ◦ Tobacco
    ◦ Oral contraceptives, a.k.a. no condoms
    ◦ Low sosio-economic
     Start within 3 years of onset of sexual activity
    or by age of 21 (whichever is first)
     Yearly until three consecutive normal pap
    smears, then may decrease frequency to
    every three years
     Age 65 and “adequate recent screening” :

    ◦ Three consecutive normal pap smears


    ◦ No abnormal pap smears in last 10 years
    ◦ No history of DES exposure
    ◦ No history of cervical or uterine cancer

     Female with total histerectomy’ for benign


    conditions
     Visualize entire cervix if possible
     Carefully remove any obscuring discharge
     Sample ectocervix first with spatula
     Sample endocervix with gentle cytobrush
    rotation
     Apply material uniformly to slide (conventional
    technic-direct smear)
     Fixation with : Liquid fixative (alcohol 95%) or
    fixative spray.
     is a widely adopted technique that replaces
    direct smearing of collected samples.
     In this method, specimens from the uterine
    cervix or vagina are collected by means of a
    brush and placed in an alcohol-based
    solution.
     An automated machine is used to transfer
    cells from the liquid onto a glass slide and
    stain them by the “Papanicolaou method”.

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