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    REFERAT - Ppt.solusio Plasenta Ita

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    Mochammad Adam Eldi
    Placenta abruptio is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus before delivery. It can be caused by trauma, sudden loss of amniotic fluid, hypertension during pregnancy, or other risk factors like smoking or alcohol use. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Tests like ultrasound and bloodwork can help in diagnosis. Complications include excessive blood loss leading to shock in both mother and baby. Treatment focuses on stabilizing the mother and either terminating the pregnancy or closely monitoring until delivery depending on gestational age and severity. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and intervention, with maternal mortality below 1% but higher risks of fetal distress, illness or death.

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    REFERAT - Ppt.solusio Plasenta Ita

    Uploaded by

    Mochammad Adam Eldi
    136 views18 pages
    Placenta abruptio is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus before delivery. It can be caused by trauma, sudden loss of amniotic fluid, hypertension during pregnancy, or other risk factors like smoking or alcohol use. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Tests like ultrasound and bloodwork can help in diagnosis. Complications include excessive blood loss leading to shock in both mother and baby. Treatment focuses on stabilizing the mother and either terminating the pregnancy or closely monitoring until delivery depending on gestational age and severity. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and intervention, with maternal mortality below 1% but higher risks of fetal distress, illness or death.

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    REFERAT.ppt.Solusio Plasenta Ita

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    Placenta abruptio is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus before delivery. It can be caused by trauma, sudden loss of amniotic fluid, hypertension during pregnancy, or other risk factors like smoking or alcohol use. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Tests like ultrasound and bloodwork can help in diagnosis. Complications include excessive blood loss leading to shock in both mother and baby. Treatment focuses on stabilizing the mother and either terminating the pregnancy or closely monitoring until delivery depending on gestational age and severity. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and intervention, with maternal mortality below 1% but higher risks of fetal distress, illness or death.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    136 views18 pages

    REFERAT - Ppt.solusio Plasenta Ita

    Uploaded by

    Mochammad Adam Eldi
    Placenta abruptio is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus before delivery. It can be caused by trauma, sudden loss of amniotic fluid, hypertension during pregnancy, or other risk factors like smoking or alcohol use. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. Tests like ultrasound and bloodwork can help in diagnosis. Complications include excessive blood loss leading to shock in both mother and baby. Treatment focuses on stabilizing the mother and either terminating the pregnancy or closely monitoring until delivery depending on gestational age and severity. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and intervention, with maternal mortality below 1% but higher risks of fetal distress, illness or death.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Placenta abruptio

    Alternative names Return to top


    Premature separation of placenta;
    Accidental hemorrhage; Ablatio placentae;
    Abruptio placentae; Placental abruption

    The placenta provides the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and takes away
    waste such as carbon dioxide via the umbilical cord.

    Definition
    (after the 20th week or during delivery)The
    separation of the placenta(in normal site)
    from the site of uterine implantation before
    delivery of the fetus.

    Causes

    Direct causes (1 to 5%).

    mechanical factors such as abdominal trauma (for


    example, from an auto accident or fall)
    sudden loss in uterine volume ( rapid loss of
    amniotic fluid or the delivery of a first twin0
    abnormally short umbilical cord (usually only a
    problem at the time of delivery).

    Predisposing factors

    a past medical history of placenta abruptio (after


    1 prior episode there is a 10 to 17% recurrence,
    after 2 prior episodes the incidence of recurrence
    exceeds 20%)
    hypertension or high blood pressure during
    pregnancy is associated with 2.5 to 17.9%
    incidence (however, approximately 50% of
    placenta abruptio cases severe enough to cause
    fetal death are associated with hypertension)

    increased maternal age


    increased number of prior deliveries
    increased uterine distention (as may occur with
    multiple pregnancies or abnormally large volume
    of amniotic fluid)
    diabetes mellitus in the pregnant woman
    cigarette smoking; cocaine abuse; and drinking
    alcohol during pregnancy (more than 14 drinks
    per week).

    Incidence

    The incidence of placenta abruptio,


    including any amount of placental
    separation prior to delivery, is about 1 out
    of 150 deliveries. However, the severe
    form (resulting in fetal death) occurs only
    in about 1 out of 500 to 750 deliveries

    Pathologic changes

    Revealed abruption
    Concealed abruption
    Mixed type
    Bloody emniotic fliud
    Uteroplacental apoplexy
    DIC

    classification

    Mild type
    Severe type

    1/3

    Clinical findings

    Symptoms
    Vaginal bleeding
    Abdominal pain
    Back pain
    Signs and tests
    Physical examination reveals uterine tenderness and/or
    increased uterine tone. Hemorrhage or heavy bleeding
    in pregnancy may be visible or concealed.

    Tests

    A CBC, may note decreased hematocrit or


    hemoglobin and platelets
    Prothrombin time test
    Partial thromboplastin time test
    Fibrinogen level test
    Abdominal ultrasound (may be done)

    Diagnosis
    Differential diagnosis

    Placenta previa
    Threatened rupture of uterus

    Complications

    Excessive loss of blood that may lead to


    shock and possible fetal and/or maternal
    death is the most evident complication. If
    the site of placental attachment starts to
    hemorrhage after the delivery and loss of
    blood cannot be controlled by other means,
    a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may
    become necessary.

    Chinese textbook

    Complications

    DIC
    Haemorrhagic shock
    Amniotic fluid embolism
    Acute renal failture
    Intrauterus fetal demise

    Treatment

    Correct shock
    Monitoring the state of fetus
    Termination of the pregnancy
    Correct DIC
    Prevention of renal failture

    Expectations (prognosis)

    Maternal mortality is uncommon: range from 0.5


    to 5%. Early diagnosis of the condition and
    adequate intervention should decrease the
    maternal death rate to 0.5 to 1%.
    Fetal death rates range from 20-35 %. Upon
    hospital admission, no fetal heart tone is
    detectable in about 15% of cases. Fetal distress
    appears early in the condition in approximately
    50% of cases. The infants who live have a 40 to
    50% incidence of illness.

    Concealed vaginal bleeding in pregnancy,


    excessive loss of blood resulting in shock,
    absence of labor, a closed cervix, and
    delayed diagnosis and treatment are
    unfavorable factors that may increase the
    risk of maternal or fetal death.

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