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    Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Is A Technique Used To Study and

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    Kishor Kumar
    Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to characterize materials by applying a sinusoidal stress and measuring the strain response. It is useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. DMA measures the storage and loss moduli, which describe the elastic and viscous responses, respectively. The ratio of loss to storage moduli is called the tan delta and provides a measure of energy dissipation in a material. DMA is commonly used to locate the glass transition temperature, as it appears as a drop in storage modulus and a peak in tan delta.

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    Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Is A Technique Used To Study and

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    Kishor Kumar
    32 views8 pages
    Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to characterize materials by applying a sinusoidal stress and measuring the strain response. It is useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. DMA measures the storage and loss moduli, which describe the elastic and viscous responses, respectively. The ratio of loss to storage moduli is called the tan delta and provides a measure of energy dissipation in a material. DMA is commonly used to locate the glass transition temperature, as it appears as a drop in storage modulus and a peak in tan delta.

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    Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to characterize materials by applying a sinusoidal stress and measuring the strain response. It is useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. DMA measures the storage and loss moduli, which describe the elastic and viscous responses, respectively. The ratio of loss to storage moduli is called the tan delta and provides a measure of energy dissipation in a material. DMA is commonly used to locate the glass transition temperature, as it appears as a drop in storage modulus and a peak in tan delta.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views8 pages

    Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) Is A Technique Used To Study and

    Uploaded by

    Kishor Kumar
    Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to characterize materials by applying a sinusoidal stress and measuring the strain response. It is useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. DMA measures the storage and loss moduli, which describe the elastic and viscous responses, respectively. The ratio of loss to storage moduli is called the tan delta and provides a measure of energy dissipation in a material. DMA is commonly used to locate the glass transition temperature, as it appears as a drop in storage modulus and a peak in tan delta.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Dynamic mechanical analysis

    Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to study and


    characterize materials. It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic
    behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the
    material is measured, allowing one to determine the modulus.
    • The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are
    often varied, leading to variations in the modulus.
    • This approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature
    of the material.
    A typical DMA tester with grips to hold sample and environmental chamber to
    provide different temperature conditions. A sample is mounted on the grips and the
    environmental chamber can slide over to enclose the sample.
    DMA measures stiffness and damping, these are reported as modulus and tan
    delta. Because sinusoidal stress is applied, modulus can be expresesed as;

    • in-phase component, the storage modulus (E‘) and


    • out of phase component, the loss modulus (E")

    Storage modulus (E‘) is a measure of elastic response of a material. It measures


    the stored energy.

    Loss modulus (E") is a measure of viscous response of a material. It measures the


    energy dissipated as heat.
    Tan delta is the ratio of loss to the storage and is called damping. It is a measure of
    the energy dissipation of a material. It tells us how good a material will be at
    absorbing energy.

    Basically tan delta can be used to characterize the modulus of the material. Delta
    should range between 0° and 90° and as delta approaches 0° it also approaches a
    purely elastic behaviour. As delta approached 90° the material approaches a purely
    viscous behaviour.

    The tan of delta is defined below:

    tan(delta) = E"/E'

    E" = storage modulus


    E' = loss modulus
    Assume that you apply a load to a polymer, some part of the applied load is dissipated
    by the energy dissipation mechanisms ( such as segmental motions) in the bulk of
    polymer , and other part of the load is stored in the material and will be release upon
    removal of the load (such as the elastic response of a spring!).

     Increasing Tan delta indicates that your material has more energy dissipation
    potential so the greater the Tan delta, the more dissipative your material is.
     Decreasing Tan delta means that your material acts more elastic now and by
    applying a load, it has more potential to store the load rather than dissipating it!

    For example, in case of nano-composites ( and filled polymers), increasing the nano-
    particle content diminishes the value of Tan delta as nano-particles impose restrictions
    against molecular motion of polymer chains ( due to the adsorption of polymer chain
    on the surface of the particles) resulting in more elastic response of the material.
    For example, the DMA curve of
    polycaprolactone measured at a meachnical
    vibration frequency of 1 Hz is shown below:

    The drop in storage modulus (E') and peak in


    damping factor (tan delta) between -60 and -
    30°C is due to the glass transition (Tg) of the
    amorphous polymer in this semi-crystalline
    material. Above 50°C the sample begins to
    melt and flow, thus loosing all mechanical
    integrity. Below the Tg small peaks are evident
    in the tan delta curve at -80 and -130°C. These
    are the beta and gamma transtions in this
    polymer (the glass transition is known also as
    the alpha transition) and are caused by local
    motion of the polymer chains as opposed to
    large scale co-operative motion that
    accompanies the Tg. These small transitions
    are very difficult to observe by DSC but are
    often very important in determining the impact
    resistance of the polymer.
    Dynamic Mechanical Analysis: A Practical Introduction, Second
    Edition
    Yazar: Kevin P. Menard

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