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    Various Ways of Studying Biology: BY BY

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    Mani Megalai Mani Megalai
    This document outlines the scientific method for studying biology. It describes the 9 key steps of the scientific method as: 1) identifying the problem, 2) forming a hypothesis, 3) planning the experiment, 4) controlling the variables, 5) conducting the experiment, 6) collecting data, 7) analyzing and interpreting the data, 8) forming a conclusion, and 9) writing a report. Each step is then further explained, with specifics on how to observe and measure variables, account for controls, analyze relationships between variables, and determine whether results support the hypothesis. The overall process is presented as a cycle from defining the problem to scientific investigation to analyzing data to making a conclusion.

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    Various Ways of Studying Biology: BY BY

    Uploaded by

    Mani Megalai Mani Megalai
    25 views14 pages
    This document outlines the scientific method for studying biology. It describes the 9 key steps of the scientific method as: 1) identifying the problem, 2) forming a hypothesis, 3) planning the experiment, 4) controlling the variables, 5) conducting the experiment, 6) collecting data, 7) analyzing and interpreting the data, 8) forming a conclusion, and 9) writing a report. Each step is then further explained, with specifics on how to observe and measure variables, account for controls, analyze relationships between variables, and determine whether results support the hypothesis. The overall process is presented as a cycle from defining the problem to scientific investigation to analyzing data to making a conclusion.

    Original Title

    Chapter 1 Biologi

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    This document outlines the scientific method for studying biology. It describes the 9 key steps of the scientific method as: 1) identifying the problem, 2) forming a hypothesis, 3) planning the experiment, 4) controlling the variables, 5) conducting the experiment, 6) collecting data, 7) analyzing and interpreting the data, 8) forming a conclusion, and 9) writing a report. Each step is then further explained, with specifics on how to observe and measure variables, account for controls, analyze relationships between variables, and determine whether results support the hypothesis. The overall process is presented as a cycle from defining the problem to scientific investigation to analyzing data to making a conclusion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views14 pages

    Various Ways of Studying Biology: BY BY

    Uploaded by

    Mani Megalai Mani Megalai
    This document outlines the scientific method for studying biology. It describes the 9 key steps of the scientific method as: 1) identifying the problem, 2) forming a hypothesis, 3) planning the experiment, 4) controlling the variables, 5) conducting the experiment, 6) collecting data, 7) analyzing and interpreting the data, 8) forming a conclusion, and 9) writing a report. Each step is then further explained, with specifics on how to observe and measure variables, account for controls, analyze relationships between variables, and determine whether results support the hypothesis. The overall process is presented as a cycle from defining the problem to scientific investigation to analyzing data to making a conclusion.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    VARIOUS WAYS OF STUDYING

    BIOLOGY
    BY
    BY
    MOHD HAMIDI BIN MOHD NOOR

    SMK TRIANG
    Requires
    Requires Scientific
    Scientific
    Skills
    Skills
    • Science Process Skills – creative,
    critical, analytical and systematic manner.
    • Manipulative Skills – Acquired through
    conducting experiments
    What
    What is
    is aa Scientific
    Scientific
    Methods?
    Methods?
    • Are used to acquire the facts of Biology by
    scientific means. This involves scientific
    investigation to find the causes of a
    situation, event or phenomenon
    • There are 9 step of Scientific Method
    SCIENTIFIC METHOD
    (a) Observing the situation or
    1. Identifying the problem phenomenon.
    Ask questions to explain the situation

    (b) Identifying the variables

    Ma
    nip
    ula
    ted
    va
    ria
    ble
    ar iab les s
    o nd ing v
    Resp

    va ri ables
    c ons tant
    r
    F ixed o
    2. FORMING
    A
    HYPOTHESIS
    - A smart guess or prediction
    to explain the problem
    - Answer the question posed
    by the problem.
    - Explain the relationship
    between M variable and This statement (hypothesis) is tested
    R variable. In the experiment to determine its
    Validity.
    3. PLANNING THE WHY?
    EXPERIMEN TO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS

    STEP IN PLANNING THE


    EXPERIMENT:
    1. Apparatus and material to be
    used
    2. Tecniques to be used
    3. Procedures to be followed
    4. Types of measurements (data)
    to be taken
    5. Method to take the
    measurement or collect the
    data
    6. Way of presenting the data
    (result)
    4. CONTROLING THE VARIABLES

    (a) M Variables

    • How to alter the manipulated


    variables in the experiment.

    (b) R Variables

    • What to observe, measure


    and record in the reponding
    variables
    - The variables that have been
    Identified before forming the
    hypothesis have to be controlled (c) Constant Variables
    during the experiment.
    • How to maintain the
    controlled variables so that
    - To control the variables, the
    following have to be considered it is kept constant
    throughout the experiment
    5. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT

    The following steps have


    to be observed during
    the experiment

    1. The apparatus and material


    are handled correctly, THE EXPERIMENT IS CARRIED OUT
    cleaned and stored safely AS PLANNED TO TEST THE
    2. The variables are well- HYPOTHESIS
    controlled
    3. The result are being
    collected and recorded
    carefully.
    4. A control experiment is also
    set up.
    6. COLLECTING DATA

    (A) The data is collected and


    recorded accurately

    (B) The data can be based on


    descriptive observation (C) The data can be presented in
    (qualitative data) or
    numbers figures the form of a table, graph or
    (quantitative data) diagrams
    Aspek kajian:
    7. Analysing and interpreting data
    (d) Pengetua

    (C) Look for a pattern


    (A) Find a suitable explanation
    for what has been observed

    (B) Analyse the relationship


    between the manipulated
    variable and the responding
    variable
    (D) Think critically to explain
    the results clearly
    (A) Determine whether the data
    supports the hypothesis

    (B) Decide whether the


    8. FORMING hypothesis is valid. If the
    results support the
    A hypothesis, then the
    hypothesis is accepted. If not,
    CONCLUSION the hypothesis is rejected

    (C) Make a general statement


    about the result of the
    investigation, based on the
    hypothesis
    9. WRITING A REPORT

    A complete report of the experiment is


    written according to the following
    format:

    1. Problem statement
    2. Aim / objective
    3. Hypothesis
    4. Variables
    5. Apparatus and materials
    6. Tecniques
    7. Procedure / method
    8. Result / observation
    9. Discussion
    10. Conclusion
    DEFINE THE FORM A PLAN THE
    PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS INVESTIGATION

    CONTROL THE
    VARIABLES

    WRITE A SCIENTIFIC
    REPORT INVESTIGATION
    COLLECT THE
    DATA

    MAKE A INTERPRET ANALYSE THE


    CONCLUSION THE DATA DATA
    THANK YOU

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