Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

DISASTER
PREVENTION & MITIGATION

RATIONALE FOR DISASTER PREVENTION
2
WHAT IS DISASTER?
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a
disaster as “a sudden ecological phenomenon of
sufficient magnitude to require external assistance”.
It is also defined as any event, typically occurring
suddenly, that causes damage, ecological disruption,
and loss of human life.
3
WHAT IS PREVENTION?
It is defined as those activities taken to prevent a
natural phenomenon or potential hazard from having
harmful effects on either people or economic assets.
4
PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF PREVENTION

• To save lives
• Decrease vulnerability
• Decrease chance or level of conflict
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TYPES OF DISASTER
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1. NATURAL DISASTER
- Occur as the result of action of the natural forces
and tend to be accepted as unfortunate, but
inevitable. The natural disasters result from forces of
climate and geology. Natural disaster are perhaps
the most “unexpected” and costly overall in terms of
loss of human lives and resources.
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2. MANMADE DISASTER
- result from human activities, such as explosion,
fires, the release of toxic chemicals or radioactive
materials, bridge or building collapse, nuclear reactor
accidents, deforestation, etc. Technological
disasters tend to involve many more casualties than
natural disasters of the same magnitude of energy
release.
911 Terror Attack

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CLASSIFICATIONS
OF DISASTER
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1. SUDDEN-ONSET DISASTER
- include floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical
storms, volcanic eruptions and landslides. Sudden-
unset disasters occur swiftly and often without any
warning
Tsunami in Japan
10
2. SLOW-ONSET DISASTER
- include droughts, famine, environmental
degradation, deforestation and desertification.
11
3. INDUSTRIAL/
TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS
- result from a society’s of industrial and
technological activities that lead to pollution,
spillage, explosions, and fire. They may occur
because of poor planning and from neglect of safety
procedures.
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4. COMPLEX EMERGENCIES
- are usually man-made, with multiple contributing
factors. They often follow wars between states,
internal conflict and increasing terrorist acts.
Marawi Warzone
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5. EPIDEMIC DISEASES
- are those diseases that normally do not occur in
stable communities but have the potential to spread
under certain conditions
Haiti’s Cholera Disaster

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT is the organization

and management of resources and responsibilities
for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of
emergencies, in particular preparedness, response
and recovery in order to lessen the impact of
disasters.
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PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. PRE-EMERGENCY PHASE
- the period before the disaster strikes may be used to assess
how often a particular community is exposed to different risks
and how good is their preparedness
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2. IMPACT AND FLIGHT PHASE
- when a disaster strikes. The hazard (fire, earthquake, floods,
etc.) may trigger the displacement of large number of people
from their homes.
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3. ACUTE PHASE
- begins immediately after the impact of the disaster and
marked by intense, often reactive activities by many
humanitarian agencies responding to media reports of very
high death rate (may be 5-60 times the normal death rate).
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4. POST EMERGENCY PHASE
- the population movement usually slows down. This enables
critical services to be properly established and maintained.
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5. REPATRIATION PHASE
- after the emergency situation is over, displaced people are
expected to return to their place of origin either on their own
or with the help of relief agencies. Repatriation may be either
forced or voluntary.
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6. REHABILITATION PHASE
- once permanent solution is obtained, the focus shifts from
relief to development. The aim is to help the affected
community become self-reliant.
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better safe than sorry

22
STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION

1. Make a list of possible disasters.
2. Create effective operational processes.
3. Understand and implement technologies to
prevent downtime.
4. Consider warm-standby solutions.

5. Plan your backup-and-recovery strategy.
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KEY POINTS
FOR DISASTER
PREVENTION INSPECTION
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KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

CONSTRUCTION WORKS
The key points of inspection are placed on the critical
safety and health facilities used to prevent serious
occupational accidents like falling, electric shock,
collapse and dropping as well as managerial matters.
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PLACES WITH FIRE AND EXPLOSION RISKS
• Is there anything flammable?
• Is there an escape route if there's fire?
• If I cant escape, can is there anything to put out the
fire with? (e.g. fire extinguishers)
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OCCUPATIONAL ELECTRIC SHOCK
• Observe. Are there any exposed wires?
• Are there any peeled wires?
• Are there any REALLY OLD sockets?
• Is there a circuit breaker installed?
• Are the high voltage equipment earthed?
• DONT ALLOW OCTOPUS WIRING
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PREVENTING CRUSH
• Are there any things heavy/blunt/sharp that could fall
on anyone?
• Are there any dangerous machineries present in the
area?
• Under law, there should be safety features installed
should any of these be present.
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PREVENTING PATHOGEN
• Know what you are dealing with.
• Are there personal protective equipment available?
• Is sterilization and isolation of work place, carried out
properly?
• Install emergency features based on type of
pathogen hazard. (etc emergency ventilation
• system)
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MANAGEMENT AND
INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES
• Education and training

• Research
• Technical expertise
• Strengthening the capability of local authorities
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SOCIETAL MEASURES
• Public information campaigns
•Education
• Community involvement
•Drills
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RELATED LAWS
AND STANDARDS
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OSHA 3907
Protecting Workers from Slips, Trips and Falls
during Disaster Response
STEPS EMPLOYERS MUST TAKE TO KEEP WORKERS SAFE:
• Conduct pre-incident disaster response planning and
ensure that emergency workers know the plan.
• Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are

present.
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STEPS …
• Provide protective equipment to prevent slips, trips and
falls including: Slip-resistant footwear (e.g., rubber
soles), gloves, head protection, personal fall protection
• Train workers to identify hazards, including those that

require protective equipment, and how to prevent injury.
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RA 10121
Philippine Disaster Reduction and
Management Act
A National Disaster Risk Management Plan (NDRMP) is being
formulated, developed, and implemented as the master plan that
will provide the strategies, organisation, tasks of concerned
agencies and local government units, and other guidelines in
dealing with disasters or emergencies. Through this plan, a
coherent, integrated, efficient, and responsive disaster risk
management at all levels will hopefully be achieved.
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RA 10121…
The law also promotes the development of capacities in disaster
management at the individual, organisational, and institutional
levels. A very important feature of this law is its call for the
mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction in physical and land-use
planning, budget, infrastructure, education, health, environment,
housing, and other sectors.
Moreover, the Act mandates the establishment of a Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Office (DRRMO) in every province, city
and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay.
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THANKS!
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DISASTER

PREVENTION & MITIGATION

PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF PREVENTION

911 Terror Attack

Haiti’s Cholera Disaster

DISASTER MANAGEMENT is the organization

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

better safe than sorry

STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER PREVENTION

4. Consider warm-standby solutions.

KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

KEY POINTS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION INSPECTION

• Education and training

• Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are

• Train workers to identify hazards, including those that

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