15 - Tolerance Accumulation and Analysis

TOLERANCE ACCUMULATION
AND
ANALYSIS
THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

ADDITION OF TOLERANCES
A and B two linear dimensions to be added

a1, a2 tolerance on A
b1, b2 tolerance on B
A+B = C
The tolerance on C to be analysed.
2

C is max. when A and B are max.
C is min. when A and B are min.
Cmax = A max + B max
Cmin = A min + B min.
Cmax = ( C + c2 )= (A + a2) + (B + b2) ------- ( 1 )
Cmin = ( C - c1 )= (A – a1) + (B – b1) ------- ( 2 )
c1, c2 tolerance on C
Subtracting C min ( 2 ) from C max ( 1 )
c2 + c1 = (a1+a2) + (b1 + b2)
If ( a1 + a2 ) = T a
( b1 + b2 ) = T b
( c1 + c2 ) = T c
The Tolerance on the total length will be T c = Ta + Tb

SUBTRACTION OF TOLERANCES
A and B two linear dimensions to be subtracted

a1, a2 tolerance on A
b1, b2 tolerance on B
A-B = C
The tolerance on C to be analysed.
4

C is max. when A is max. and B is min.
C is min. when A is min. and B is max.
C max = A max – B min
C min = A min – B max;
A max = A + a2
B min = B – b1
A min = A – a1
B max = B + b2
C max = ( C + c 2 ) = ( A + a2) – ( B – b1 ) ----------- ( 3 )

C min = ( C – c1 ) = ( A – a1) – ( B + b2 ) ---------- ( 4 )
Subtracting C min ( 4 ) from C max ( 3 )

(c 2 + c 1 ) = ( a2 + a1 ) + ( b2 + b1)
If ( a2 + a1 ) = Ta
( b2 + b1 ) = Tb
( c2 + c1 ) = Tc
The Tolerance on the remaining length T c = Ta + Tb
5

The tolerances are getting added
both in addition and subtraction.

EXAMPLES
TO CALCULATE UNKNOWN DIMENSIONS

The value of ‘X’ and tolerances x1, x2 are un-known.
Case-1
x2 a2 z2
x1 a1 z1
X – A = Z
x2 a2 x2 - a1 z2
x1 a1 x1 - a2 z1
X –A = (X –A) = Z
Therefore x2 – a1 = z2
x2 = a1 + z2
x1 – a2 = z1
x1 = a2 +z1
Therefore
x2 a1 + z2
x1 a2 +z1
X = (A+ Z)
8

Example:
x2 + 0.1 + 0.2
x1 - 0.1 - 0.2
X – 5 = 10
x2 – ( – 0.1 ) = + 0.2
x2 + 0.1 = + 0.2
x2 = + 0.2 – 0.1 = + 0.1
x1 – ( + 0.1 ) = – 0.2
x1 – 0.1 = – 0.2
x1 = – 0.1
x2 + 0.1 + 0.2
x1 - 0.1 - 0.2
X – 5 = 10
+0.1 + 0.1 + 0.2

-0.1 - 0.1 - 0.2
15 – 5 = 10
9

Case-2 a2 x2 z2
a1 x1 z1
A – X = Z
a2 – x1 z2
a1 – x2 z1
(A - X) = Z
The tolerances of the equation can be equated.

a2 - x1 = z2
x1 = a2 - z2
a1 - x2 = z1
x2 = a1 - z1
Therefore
x2 a1 - z1
x1 a2 - z2
X = (A- Z )
10

Example:
+ 0.1 x2 + 0.2
- 0.1 x1 - 0.2
15 - X = 10
+0.1 – x1 +0.2
-0.1 – x2 -0.2
( 15 - X ) = Z
The tolerances of the equation can be equated.
+0.1 - x1 = +0.2
x1 = +0.1 - 0.2 = -0.1
-0.1 - x2 = -0.2
x2 = -0.1 +0.2 = +0.1
Therefore
+ 0.1 x2 + 0.2
- 0.1 x1 - 0.2
15 - X = 10
+ 0.1 +0.1 + 0.2

- 0.1 -0.1 - 0.2
15 - 5 = 10 11

+ 0.05
- 0.03
Dimension A = 100 . 0
- 0.13
- 0.20
Dimension B = 60.0
Calculate the nominal size and the variation for the dimension C.
12

Nominal size ‘ C ’ = Nominal size ‘ A ’ – Nominal size ‘ B ’
C = 100 – 60 = 40
c2 a2 b2
c1 a1 b1
C = A – B
c2 + 0.05 – 0.13
c1 – 0.03 – 0.20
40 = 100 – 60
c2 = + 0.05 – ( – 0.20 ) = + 0.25

c1 = – 0.03 – ( – 0.13 ) = + 0.1
c2 +0.25
c1 + 0.1
C = 40
Verification: Tc = Ta +Tb
Ta + Tb = + 0.05 – ( – 0.03 ) + ( – 0.13 ) – ( – 0.2 )
= 0.15
Tc = 0.15
0.15 = 0.15
13

Calculate the dimension ‘x’ and tolerance on ‘x’ with ‘M-M’
and ‘L-L’ as references
14

Considering MM as reference
a2 x2 b2
a1 x1 b1
A - X = B
+ 0.0 x2
- 0.1 x1 ± 0.1
30 - 8 = 22
+0.0 - x1
-0.1 - x2 ±0.1
( 30 – 8 ) = 22
0.0 – x1 = + 0.1
x1 = – 0.1
– 0.1 - x2 = – 0.1
x2 = 0.0
x2 + 0. 0
x1 - 0.1
The value of X = 8
15

Considering LL as reference
a2 b2 x2
a1 b1 x1
A – B = X
+ 0.0 x2
- 0.1 ± 0.1 x1
30 – 22 = 8
x2 = + 0.0 – ( – 0.1) = + 0.1

x1 = – 0.1 – ( +0.1) = – 0.2
x2 + 0.1
x1 - 0.2
X = 8
16

MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION BY A CONSTANT
NUMBER
“Any dimension with tolerances, if multiplied

by a positive constant number, the
tolerance of the result also increases
proportionately.
When divided by a constant number, the

tolerance of the result, similarly decreases
proportionately”
17

MULTIPLICATION BY A CONSTANT NUMBER
a2
a1
When A is multiplied by a constant K , it becomes
a2 a2 * K
a1 a1 * K
(A ) * K = (A* K )
Example :
+ 0.1 (+0.1) 3
+ 0.3 (+0.3) 3
4 * (3) = (4 * 3)
+0.3
+0.9
= 12
18

DIVISION BY A CONSTANT NUMBER
a2
a1
When A is divided by a constant K , it becomes
a2 a2 ÷ K
a1 a1 ÷ K
( A ) ÷ K = (A ÷ K)
Example :
+0.3 0.3/3
+0.9 0.9/3
( 12 ) ÷ 3 = ( 12 / 3 )
+0.1
+0.3
= 4
19

EXAMPLE 1
Find out the variation of dimension ‘x’ with reference to ‘LL’
20

x2 +0.0 +0.1 +0.0 +0.0 x2
x1 -0.2 -0.0 -0.2 -0.1 x1
X = 50 – 5 – 38 – 5 = 2
x2 = + 0.0 – ( – 0.0 ) – ( – 0.2 ) – ( – 0.1 ) = + 0.3
x1 = – 0.2 – ( + 0.1 ) – 0.0 - 0.0 = – 0.3
x2 +0.3
x1 -0.3 ± 0.3
X = 2 = 2
Verification: Ta + Tb + Tc + Td = T x
Ta + Tb + Tc + Td = 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.1
= 0.6
T x = 0.3+0.3 = 0.6
0.6 = 0.6 21

Example 2 :
-0.040 +0.013 +0.012 +0.000 -0.006 x2
+0.040 -0.073 -0.009 +0.001 -0.019 -0.017 x1
150 - 20 + 95 - 15 + 65 + 15 = 290
x2=(0.040)-(- 0.073)+(0.013)-(0.001)+(0.000)+(-0.006) = + 0.119

x1=(0.000)-(-0.040)+(-0.009)-(0.012)+(-0.019)+(-0.017) = – 0.017
x2 + 0.119
x1 - 0.017
X = 290
Verification:
Ta+ Tb+ Tc + Td + Te + Tf = Tx
Ta+ Tb+ Tc + Td + Te + Tf = 0.040+ [(–0.040)–(–0.073)] + [0.013–(–0.009)] +
[(+0.0120–(+0.001)] + (–0.019)+ [(–0.006)–( –0.017)] = 0.136
T x = [0.119–(–0.017)] = 0.136
0.136 = 0.136
22

Example 3 : + 0.030 +0.021 +0.030 x2
+0.046 + 0.011 +0.008 +0.011 x1
240 +75 – 20 – 60 = X
X = (240 + 75 – 20 – 60) = 235

x2 = + 0.046 + 0.030 – ( + 0.008 ) – ( + 0.011 ) = + 0.057
x1 = + 0.000 + 0.011 – ( + 0.021 ) – ( + 0.030 ) = – 0.040
x2 +0.057
x1 -0.040
235 = 235
Verification:
Ta + Tb + T c + Td = Tx.
Ta + Tb+ T c+ Td = 0.046 + ( 0.030 – 0.011 ) + ( 0.021– 0.008 ) + ( 0.030 – 0.011 )

= 0.097
Tx = 0.097
0.097 = 0.097
23

Example 4 : +0.012 +0.009 +0.013 +0.008 x2
-0.007 -0.004 +0.063 -0.009 -0.003 x1
65 -20 +450 -120 +12 = 387
x2 = + 0.012 – (– 0.004 ) + 0.063–(–0.009) + 0.008 = + 0.096

x1 = – 0.007 – ( + 0.009 ) + ( + 0.000 ) – ( + 0.013) + (–0.003)
= – 0.032
x2 +0.0 96
x1 -0.032
387 = 387
Verification: Ta+Tb+Tc+Td+Te = Tx
Ta+Tb+Tc+Td+Te =0.012–(–0.007)+ 0.009 – (–0.004)+0.063+0.013
–(–0.009)+0.008–(–0.003)
= 0.128
Tx = 0.096– (–0.032) = 0.128
0.128 = 0.128
24

Calculate the value of ‘x’ to have the axial clearance
between bearing and the shaft, as 1.25 ± 0.25 mm
25

L
Considering LL as reference
The value of X must lie as the difference between the sum of the
dimension of B, C, D, and E to A.
26

EQUATION :
x2 +0.0 +0.00 +0.25 +0.00 +0.25
x1 -0.05 -0.10 -0.25 -0.05 -0.25
X = 5 + 140 + 1.25 + 5 - 100
x2 x2 x2
x1 x1 x1
X = ( 151.25 – 100 ) = ( 51.25 )
x2 = + 0.0 + 0.00 + 0.25 + 0.00 – ( – 0.25 ) = + 0.5

x1 = – 0.05 – 0.1 – 0.25 – 0.05 – ( + 0.25 ) = – 0.7
x2 +0.5
x1 -0.7
(51.25) = 51.25
Verification:
Tb+Tc+Td+Te+Ta = Tx
Tb+Tc+Td+Te+Ta = +0.05 + 0.1 + 0.25 +0.25+0.05 +0.25 + 0.25 =1.2
Tx = 1.2
1.2 =1.2 27

A hole 16H6 has to be drilled and reamed
The dimension is 79  0.1 from one side of the component.
Calculate the tolerance for the dimension 12 from one end in a
box jig plate to obtain the resultant dimension 79  0.1
28

+0.00 x2
± 0.1 ± 0.05 - 0.05 x1
79 = 111 – 20 – 12
Max. limit : + 0.1 = + 0.05 – ( – 0.05 ) – x1
x1 = 0
Min. limit : – 0.1 = - 0.05 – ( + 0 ) – x2
x2 = 0.05
+ 0.05 +0.00
+ 0.00 - 0.05
The tolerance for the dimension 12 is 12 or 12.05
Verification: Td = Ta + Tb + Tc
+ 0.0 + 0.05
± 0.01 ± 0.05 – 0.05 - 0.00
79 = 111 - 20 – 12
Td = 0.2
Ta + Tb + Tc = (0.05)-(-0.05)+0.0-(-0.05)+(0.05)-(-0.0)
= 0.2
0.2 = 0.2
29

A hole of 16H7 is to be made with reference to another
predrilled and reamed hole 10H7 which lies on a perpendicular
plane
The dimension of the hole 10H7 with reference to one side of

the box jig is given as 245  0.05
Calculate the tolerance for the dimension 97 to position the

drill jig bush to drill and ream dia 16H7 hole.
30

x2
Dimension should be 148  0.1 = 245  0.05 – 97 x1
x
2
x
1
148  0.1 + 97 = 45  0.05
+0.1 – ( x1 ) = + 0.05
x1 = + 0.05
–0.1 – ( x2 ) = – 0.05
x2 = – 0.05
The tolerances for the dimension 97 is  0.05
Verification: 245  0.05 - 97  0.05 = 148  0.1
Ta +Tb = 0.1+ 0.1 = 0.2

Tc = 0.2
0.2 = 0.2 31

The component shown in Fig. is dimensioned by
two methods. Analyses the more practical one.
In case 1 the dimensions, 50  0.1; 100  0.2 , and the

overall dimensions 180  0.05 are toleranced
In case 2 , dimensions 100  0.2 , 130  0.05and 30  0.05

are toleranced .
In case 1 considering ‘ LL’ as the reference
X2
x1
X = 180  0.05 – 50  0.1 – 100  0.2
x2 = + 0.05 - ( - 0.1 ) - ( - 0.2 ) = + 0.35
x1 = - 0.05 - ( + 0.1 ) - ( + 0.2 ) = - 0.35
x
2
x
1
X = 30  0.35
In case 2 considering ‘AA’ as reference
x2
Xx1 = 130  0.05 - 100  0. 2
x = + 0.05 - ( - 0.2 ) = + 0.25
2
x = - 0.05 - ( + 0.2 ) = - 0.25
1
X2
Xx1 = 30  0. 25
32

The dimension ‘C’ from the functional reference ‘ LL ’.
+ 0.08
It is impracticable to measure the depth ( 20 ) of the hole
- 0.14
having diameter D1 from the functional reference ‘ LL ’
Hence the best auxiliary reference selected in this case is ‘ MM ’,

which is also reference for manufacturing. In view of this new
reference the dimensions of A, B, C and their tolerances are
evaluated as follows.
33

Nominal dimension of ‘A’ = Nominal dimension ‘B’+ Nominal dimension ‘C’
A = B+C
A = 20 +10 = 30
Total Tolerance of ‘C’ = Total tolerance of ‘A’-Total tolerance of ‘B’
The equation will be A - B = C
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
A - B = C
a2 +0.08
30 a1 – 10  0.0 5 = 20 - 0.14
a2 – ( – 0.05 ) = + 0.08
a2 = 0.08 - 0.05 = + 0.03
a1 – ( + 0.05 ) = – 0.14
a1 = – 0.09
a2 +0.03
a1 -0.09
A = 30
+0.03
The depth of hole is = 30 -0.09.
34

TOLERANCING DIMENSIONS BETWEEN CENTERS
Methods of dimensioning between centers of holes
Series or chain dimensioning
Parallel dimensioning of each hole with respect to the datum.
Series and Parallel – A combination of the above two methods
35

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS
BETWEEN CENTERS OF TWO HOLES
Case1: Sizes of the holes and shafts are identical.
‘d’ is the diameter of the shafts

‘D’ is the diameter of holes in two plates
A set up for the worst case of interchangeability
36

1-1 = Axis of holes in the plate1
2-2 = Axis of the holes in the plate 2
CC = Axis of the shafts mating the holes.
M = The distance between the centers of holes
± m = The tolerance on M on the respective holes
( D-d ) = Clearance between hole and shaft = L
Considering a datum line of no clearance from the figure

The following chain of dimension can be placed keeping in view the signs
An equation for the expression of tolerance is as
0 = D/2 - ( M+ m ) + D/2- d+ D/2 + ( M-m ) + D/2 -d
0 = 2D - 2m - 2d
2m = 2 ( D-d )
2m = 2L
m = L
As this is a critical value, m can be less than L but not more, as 100%
interchangeability is to be achieved.
Therefore m = L
37

CONCLUSION
If 100% interchangeability is to be achieved in the

above case, the tolerance on dimension between the
two holes cannot be more than twice the diametrical
clearance between the holes and shafts. It could be less
or equal to the clearance.
38

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS BETWEEN CENTERS OF TWO HOLES
Case II: The size of the holes and shafts vary
D1 be the diameter of the holes in plates 1 and 2, for the mating shaft d1.
D2 be the diameter of the holes in plates 1 and 2 for the mating shaft d2 .
A worst case set-up for 100% interchangeability is shown.
39

1-1 = Axis of holes in the plate 1
2-2 = Axis of holes in the plate 2
c1 -c1 = Axis of the shaft of diameter d1
c2 -c2= Axis of the shaft of diameter d2
M = The distance between the centers of holes
±m = The tolerance on M.
( D1- d1 ) , ( D2 - d2 ). = The clearance between the holes and
Shafts.
Starting from a point of no clearance, a set of chain dimensions can be
placed as follows, keeping in view the directional sign and equating it
to zero.
0 = D2/2 - ( M+ m )+ D1/2 - d1 + D1/2 + ( M - m ) + D2/2 - d2

0 = - 2m + ( D1 + D2 ) - ( d1 + d2 )
2m = ( D1 - d1 ) + ( D2 - d2 )
2m = ( L1 + L2 ).
Since ( D1 - d1 ) = L1 and ( D2 - d2) = L2
m = ( L1 + L2 ) ÷ 2
40

CONCLUSION
The critical tolerance ‘m’ on the centers of two holes in

the above case should be equal to half the sum of clearances
in both holes and could be less for 100% interchangeability
between the two plates.
41

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS BETWEEN CENTERS
OF THREE HOLES
Series Dimensioning
D - is the diameter of holes in the plates 1 and 2

d - the diameter of mating shafts
The holes displaced according to the tolerance for the worst
case, is shown.
42

1-1 = Axis of the holes in plate 1
2-2 = Axis of the holes in plate 2
c-c = Axis of the shafts
M = Dimension between holes
±m = The tolerance of the dimensions.
0 = D/2 + ( M- m ) + ( M – m ) + D/2 – d + D/2 - ( M+ m )- ( M + m ) +D/2 - d

0 = 2D - 2d - 4m
4 m = 2 ( D – d ) = 2 L. Since ( D - d ) = L
m = L/2
Similarly
For 4 holes dimensioned in series m=L/3
For 5 holes dimensioned in series m=L/4
If n holes are in series m= L/n-1
For ‘n’ holes dimensioned in series tolerance between the holes should be equal
to
or less than L/n-1 for 100% interchangeability.
43

Series or Chain dimensions between
centers
For ‘n’ holes dimensioned in series tolerance between the holes

should be equal to or less than L/n-1 for 100% interchangeability.
44

CONCLUSION
As the number of holes increases in case of series dimensioning,

the tolerance, between the holes decreases. Hence the cost of
production increases and it is difficult to make. If same tolerances
are given to the large dimensions as that of small dimensions, it
will be in many instances impracticable.
45

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS BETWEEN CENTERS
OF THREE HOLES
Parallel Dimensioning
D - is the diameter of holes in the plates 1 and 2

d - is the diameter of the shafts
Fig . shows the holes displaced according to the tolerances for the worst case.
46

1-1 = Axis of holes in plate 1
2-2 = Axis of holes in plate 2
c-c = Axis of the shafts
M1 = The distance of the second hole from the first
M2 = The distance of the third hole from the first
± m’ = The tolerance of M1 dimension
± m’’ = The tolerance of M2 dimension
Considering a datum line of no clearance from the figure the following
chain of dimensions can be laid down taking care of the signs of the
dimensions, the expression for the tolerances is, as follows.
-d+D/2+(M1-m’)+D/2-d+D/2-(M1+m’)+(M2+m”)-D/2+d-D/2-(M2-m”)-D/2+d= 0
2 m’ – 2 m” = 0
m’ = m”
47

Parallel Dimensioning
48

CONCLUSION
As the number of holes increases the tolerance remains the same L

The tolerance between the first hole and second hole is equal to
tolerance between the first hole and third hole. We also conclude that,
if the tolerance is equal, it has no bearing on the number of holes .
49

FOUR-HOLE GROUP WITH COORDINATE TOLERANCES
50

Comparison between series & parallel Dimensioning:
If the number of holes exceeds 3, parallel dimensioning is only

recommended. By series dimensioning, tolerance decreases which is
difficult to achieve and expensive.
51

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS OF HOLES IN PLATES I AND
II FROM THEIR COMMON EDGE FOR INTERCHANGEABILITY:
Case1: Fastener having clearance in both the plates
Two plates are to be assembled by a fastener of dia‘d’, passing through the holes
of dia ‘D’.
The locations of holes are with reference to the common edge ‘0’.
The distance of the holes from the common edge is M ± m , where m is the
tolerance.
52

Center of the hole in plate 1 is ( M + m )
Center of the hole in plate 2 is ( M – m )
In the plan view a line joining the common edge and the centers makes
an angle of 45 degrees and the figure shows the respective distance
from the common edge.
Applying the principles as before,

0 = (D/2)-2 (M+m) +2(M-m) + (D/2)-d
0 = (D-d) - 2 2m, Therefore 2*2m = (D –d)
(D–d)=L
2m = ( D – d ) ÷ 2 = 0.7 * L
53

TOLERANCE ON DIMENSIONS OF HOLES IN PLATES I AND
II FROM THEIR COMMON EDGE FOR INTERCHANGEABILITY:
Case II: Fastener having clearance in plate 1 and press fit in plate 2.
For the position as shown
0 = (D/2)-2(M+m)+2(M-m)-(d/2)
(D-d)/2 = 2*2m ; ( D – d ) = L
54
0.35 L = 2m.
TOLERANCES OF DIMENSIONS IN TWO PLATES FROM
COMMON SURFACE FOR INTERCHANGEABILITY
Case I : Fastener having clearance in both plates
D – Dia. of hole in Plates 1 & 2

( M + m ) and ( M –m ) - distance of holes
d – dia. of fastener
Applying the principle

0 = ( D/2 ) – ( M + m ) + ( M - m ) + ( D/2 ) – d
D–d = 2m
D – d = L,
L = 2m
0.5 L = m
for complete interchangeability
m ≥ 0.5 L
55

TOLERANCES OF DIMENSIONS IN TWO PLATES FROM
COMMON SURFACE FOR INTERCHANGEABILITY
Case II: Fastener having clearance in one plate and press fit in other plate
0=D/2-(M+m)+(M–m)– (d/2)
(D–d)/2=2m
(D–d) = L
L/2 =2m
m = 0.25 L
For complete interchangeability m ≥ 0.25 L
56

CALCULATION OF TOLERANCE FOR DISTANCE BETWEEN
HOLES ON DRILL JIGS
Two holes are to be drilled and reamed at a distance W0 within the limits ±T0 , by using a jig
plate with slip bushes as shown in Fig.
W1  T1 be the distance between the liner bushes in jig plate.
L1, L2 = Clearance (around) between the slip bush and liner bush for the first and second
holes respectively.
e1, e2 = eccentricity of inside diameter of slip bush with respect to its outside diameter for the
two bushes respectively. 57
So that W0 = f (w1, L1, L2, e1, e2……….).
CONDITION 1:
When the distance between liner bushes in the jig plate is at maximum
distance (W1+T1) and slip bushes at far off position.
O1, O2 are centers of the slip bushes which are eccentric with respect to their
outside diameter of slip bushes by e1 and e2.
OO1 = L1 + e1
OO2 = L2 + e2.
This distance between holes on the component
W 1 + T1 + OO1 + OO2
The sum of these distance should be less than the maximum distance given
on the component.
( W1 + T1 + L1 + e1 + e2 ) ≤ W0 + T0.
58

CONDITION 2:
When the distance between liner bushes in jig plate is at minimum distance (W1-T1)
and when slip bushes are also at minimum distance:
O1, O2 are the centers of the slip bushes, which are eccentric with respect to outside
by e1 and e2 respectively.
OO1 = L1 + e1
OO2 = L2 + e2
The distance between the holes obtained on the component
( W1 + T1 ) = ( W1 - T1 ) - OO1 - OO2
= ( W1 - T1 ) - ( L1 + e1 ) - ( L2 + e2 )
= ( W1 - T1 - L1 - L2 - e1 - e2 )
The sum of these distances should be more than the minimum distance
( Wo - To ) given on the component
( W1 - T1 ) - L1 - L2 - e1 - e2 ≥ ( W o - To )
59

EFFECT OF CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE DRILL AND THE SLIP BUSHES ON
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE HOLES ON THE COMPONENT
Case I : The drill size is minimum , bushes and the drill are at far off position
O1, O2 are the positions of the centres of the slip bush when the clearance between the
drill and the slip bush are considered.
With the effect of clearance between the drill and the slip bushes, the maximum
extreme dimension obtained is as
= W1 + T1 + L1 + L2 + e1 + e2 + OO1 + OO2
= W1 + T1 + L1 + L2 + e1 + e2 + ( d b + Tb ) - ( d - Td )
60
The sum of these distances should be less than or equal to Wo + To.
CASE II: When drill size is minimum the bushes position is also at minimum
distance , the drill is at minimum distance.
OO1 = OO2 = ( d b - Tb ) - ( d - Td ) ÷ 2
Actual distance between holes on component
= W1 - T1 - L1 - L2 – e1 - e2 - OO1 - OO2
= W1 - T1 - L1 - L2 - e1 - e2 - ( d b + Tb ) + ( d - Td )
This should be more than the minimum distance ( W0 - T0 ) given on component.
W1 - T1 - L1 - L2 - e1 - e2 - ( d b + Tb ) - ( d - Td ) > W0 - T0
Final conditions are
W1 + T1 + L1 + L2 + e1 + e2 + ( d b +Tb ) - ( d - Td ) ≤ ( W0 + T0 )
W1 - T1 - L1 - L2 - e1 – e2 - ( d b + Tb ) + ( d - Td ) > ( W0 - T0 )
As per Indian standard the tolerance on drill is = h 9
The tolerance of the hole in slip bush is = F 7
The clearance between the liner bush and the slip bush is = F 7 / h 6
(If the liner bush is used for drilling also) 61

62

1
63

2
64

3
65

4
66

6
67

68

DRAWING
69

10
70

20 71

72
30
40 73

50 74

75
60
70 76

80 77

90 78

100
79

110 80

15 - Tolerance Accumulation and Analysis

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15 - Tolerance Accumulation and Analysis

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TOLERANCE ACCUMULATION

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

A and B two linear dimensions to be added

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

A and B two linear dimensions to be subtracted

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

C max = ( C + c 2 ) = ( A + a2) – ( B – b1 ) ----------- ( 3 )

Subtracting C min ( 4 ) from C max ( 3 )

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

TO CALCULATE UNKNOWN DIMENSIONS

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

+0.1 + 0.1 + 0.2

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

The tolerances of the equation can be equated.

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

+ 0.1 +0.1 + 0.2

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

c2 = + 0.05 – ( – 0.20 ) = + 0.25

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

x2 = + 0.0 – ( – 0.1) = + 0.1

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

“Any dimension with tolerances, if multiplied

When divided by a constant number, the

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

Find out the variation of dimension ‘x’ with reference to ‘LL’

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

x2=(0.040)-(- 0.073)+(0.013)-(0.001)+(0.000)+(-0.006) = + 0.119

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

X = (240 + 75 – 20 – 60) = 235

Ta + Tb+ T c+ Td = 0.046 + ( 0.030 – 0.011 ) + ( 0.021– 0.008 ) + ( 0.030 – 0.011 )

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

x2 = + 0.012 – (– 0.004 ) + 0.063–(–0.009) + 0.008 = + 0.096

Tx = 0.096– (–0.032) = 0.128

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

x2 = + 0.0 + 0.00 + 0.25 + 0.00 – ( – 0.25 ) = + 0.5

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

The dimension of the hole 10H7 with reference to one side of

Calculate the tolerance for the dimension 97 to position the

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

The tolerances for the dimension 97 is  0.05

Verification: 245  0.05 - 97  0.05 = 148  0.1

Ta +Tb = 0.1+ 0.1 = 0.2

THE INSTITUTE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY

In case 1 the dimensions, 50  0.1; 100  0.2 , and the

In case 2 , dimensions 100  0.2 , 130  0.05and 30  0.05