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    Loops Mrs

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    Loops Mrs

    Uploaded by

    api-297910907
    524 views18 pages

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    loops-mrs

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    524 views18 pages

    Loops Mrs

    Uploaded by

    api-297910907

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    LOOPS

    MRS. PALMER
    There are three categories of
    control structures.

     Sequential Statements
     Conditional Branching
    statements
     Iteration/ Looping
    TYPES OF LOOPS

    There are various types of Loops, two out of three will be covered in
    Grade 10 are;

    For
    While
    Repeat until
    FOR LOOPS – repeats instructions a
    predetermined number of times . E.g
    10-100 times.

    WHILE LOOPS- repeats instructions as


    long as some condition is true. This
    type of loop is often programmed to
    stop when the user enters some value ,
    E.g. “quit” or “999”.
    TYPES OF LOOPS

    For (Bounded/Definite) Loop – used to repeat an action a limited


    number of times. This loop is used when the number of times an
    action should be repeated is known.
    While (Unbounded/ Indefinite) Loop – used to repeat an action
    multiple times. This loop is used when the number of times an action
    should be repeated is unknown.
    SYNTAX
    FOR Variable = <beginning> TO <ending> DO
    Action
    <instructions to be repeated>
    ENDFOR
    HOW TO CONSTRUCT A FOR LOOP
    Step 1
    Read A,B,C Develop the algorithm normally,
    Sum=A+B+C as if only one cycle is involved.
    Average=Sum/3
    Print “Average”, Average

    Step 2
    Place the For statement before
    For the instructions to start and
    Read A,B,C endfor to end the instructions.
    Sum=A+B+C
    Average=Sum/3
    Print “Average”, Average
    EndFor
    HOW TO CONSTRUCT A FOR LOOP
    Step 3 Determine what instructions are
    to be repeated and use a new
    For S=1 to 25 Do variable as the loop variable.
    Read A,B,C
    Sum=A+B+C
    Average=Sum/3
    Print “Average”, Average
    EndFor
    STEP CLAUSE
    This indicates how much the loop variable is to be increased or
    decreased by each time the loop is executed.
    E.g. E.g with a step clause:
    FOR num=1 TO 5 Do
    Print num FOR i=10 TO 0 step -2 DO
    END FOR Print i
    END FOR
    The computer would display: The computer would display:
    1 10
    2 8
    3 6
    4 4
    5 2
    0

    The step clause of -2 decreases


    the countdown by taking away 2
    each time the loop is repeated.
    UNKNOWN VALUES
    Sometimes without telling you how many times to read a
    problem the computer will say read N numbers or X
    numbers.
    E.g. Write an algorithm that reads N ages and for those that
    are more than 65 say “Senior Citizen”.
    How will we know the value of N?
    IS there a way to get it?
    We simply, get it from the User.

    So let’s break down the steps given

    Print “Please enter age”


    Read age
    If age >65 then
    Print “Senior Citizen”
    Endif
    Read N
    For i=1 to N Do
    Read age
    If age >65 then
    Print “Senior Citizen”
    Endif
    Endfor
    Write a structured algorithm to print the
    message hello world 10 times.
    EXAMPLE OF A FOR LOOP (IPO)
    Input Process Output
    For x = 1 to 10 do hello world
    print “hello world” hello world
    endfor hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    hello world
    EXAMPLE OF A FOR LOOP (PSEUDOCODE)
    Start
    Declare
    X as integer
    for x = 1 to 10 do
    print “hello world”
    endfor
    stop
    EXAMPLE OF A FOR LOOP (FLOW CHART)
    start

    x=1

    NO

    For x = 1
    to 10 do

    YES
    Hello
    world

    stop
    ACTIVITY
    Answer the following questions by writing the IPO chart and
    Pseudocode;
    1. Write a structured algorithm that prints the message “Are we
    there yet” 100 times.
    2. Write a structured algorithm that reads the marks obtained by 30
    students in a test given that the pass mark is 50 and for each
    mark prints whether the person passed or failed.
    3. Write a structured algorithm that prints the even numbers between
    2 and 20.

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