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    Lecture 7 Problem Solving Part2 Updated

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    Lecture 7 Problem Solving Part2 Updated

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed
    7 views40 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    7 views40 pages

    Lecture 7 Problem Solving Part2 Updated

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 40

    Programming Languages

    and Program Development


    (Part 2)

    Prepared by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Your Turn

    Write an Algorithm & Flowchart to Swap Two Numbers using


    Temporary Variable

    6 13

    temp

    Prepared by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Steps

    Step-1 Start

    Step-2 Input Two Numbers Say NUM1,NUM2

    Step-4 TEMP = NUM1 Step-5 NUM1 = NUM2

    Step-6 NUM2 = NUM1

    Step-7 Display NUM1,NUM

    Step-8 Stop
    start

    Input Num1 ,
    Num2

    Temp=Num1

    Num1=Num2

    Nume2=Temp

    Input Num1 ,
    Num2

    end
    Algorithm & Flowchart to Swap Two Numbers
    without using temporary variable
    A B
    Steps
    6 13
    Step-1 Start
    Step-2 Input Two Numbers Say A,B A 6+13=19

    Step-3 Display Before Swap Values A, B B 19-13=6

    Step-4 A=A+B
    A 19-6=13
    Step-5 B=A-B
    Step-6 A=A-B
    Step-7 Display After Swap Values A, B
    Step-8 Stop Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled
    Flowchart: Draw the flowchart of the previous Algorithm.
    Algorithm & Flowchart to find Even number
    between 1 to 50
    DECISION STRUCTURES

    IF–THEN–ELSE STRUCTURE
     The structure is as follows
    If condition then
    true alternative
    else
    false alternative
    endif
    Decision Logic Structure

    yes no

    1 2
    Your Turn

    Write an Algorithm and a Flowchart to read cost price


    and selling Price and to find profit or loss.
    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled
    Example
     Assume your are calculating pay at an hourly
    rate, and overtime pay(over 40 hours) at 1.5
    times the hourly rate.
     IF the hours are greater than 40, THEN the
    pay is calculated for overtime, or ELSE the
    pay is calculated in the usual way.
    Example Decision Structure

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    If Then and simple Loop
    Example 8
     Finding Average Problem
     Read a sequence of number, find the average of the number
    and print the average.
     Solution: Stepwise Analysis of Average Problem
    ◼ Start the processing
    ◼ Read a number
    ◼ Add the number
    ◼ Repeat reading until last data
    ◼ Calculate the average
    ◼ Print the average
    ◼ Stop the processing
    Example 8
    START

    X
    COUNTER
    =
    AVERAGE = TOTAL
    READ NUMBER COUNTER

    PRINT AVERAGE
    TOTAL = TOTAL + NUMBER
    COUNTER = COUNTER + 1

    STOP

    END OF
    DATA

    X
    NESTED IF/THEN/ELSE INSTRUCTIONS

     Multiple decisions.
     Instructions are sets of instruction in which
    each level of a decision is embedded in a level
    before it.
    NESTED IF/THEN/ELSE INSTRUCTIONS

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    The Loop Logic Structure

     Repeat structure
     To solve the problem that doing the same task
    over and over for different sets of data
     Types of loop:
     WHILE loop
     Do..WHILE loop

     Automatic-Counter Loop
    WHILE loop
    WHILE loop

     Do the loop body if the condition is true.


     Example: Get the sum of 1, 2, 3, …, 100.
     Algorithm:
    ◼ Set the number = 1
    ◼ Set the total = 0
    ◼ While (number <= 100)
    ◼ total = total + number
    ◼ number = number + 1
    ◼ End While
    ◼ Display total
    WHILE loop
    Start

    Set number = 1

    Set total = 0

    No
    number <= 100

    Yes
    Display total
    total =
    total + number
    End
    number =
    number + 1
    DO…WHILE Loop
     The body of the loop will process first
    before check the condition.
     Example: Get the sum of 1, 2, 3, …100.
    Automatic Counter Loop
     Use variable as a counter that starts counting at
    a specified number and increments the variable
    each time the loop is processed.
     The beginning value, the ending value and the
    increment value may be constant. They should
    not be changed during the processing of the
    instruction in the loop.
    Automatic-Counter Loop

    Terminator
    for the
    loop

    Terminator for
    the flowchart

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Automatic-Counter Loop

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    NESTED LOOP
    Suppose you have two counter R and C , for each R you need to
    Write three values of C. Write A flow chart assume R varies from
    0 to 1 and c from 0 to 2

    Counter R=0

    C=0
    C=1
    C=2
    Counter R=1
    C=0
    C=1
    C=2
    Counter R=2
    C=0
    C=1
    C=2
    NESTED LOOP

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    NESTED LOOP

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Your Turn
    Write an algorithm and a Flowchart of multiplication
    table for a given number N

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled
    The Case Logic Structure
     Made up of several or many sets of instructions, only one
    of which will be selected by the user and executed by the
    computer
     Algorithm:
    CASE OF VARIABLE
    = constant1:
    actions for VARIABLE = constant1
    = constants2:
    actions for VARIABLE = constant2
    …
    OTHERWISE:
    Actions for VARIABLE = anything else
    END-OF-CASE
    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled
    Case Logic Structure

    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled


    Case Logic Structure
     Example: A company has four different medical plans. The programmer
    has given each plan a code corresponding to the beginning initial of the
    company: Plan 1 = F, Plan 2 = B, Plan 3 = K, Plan 4 = E.

    The company pays for all of Plan 1. The individual has to pay for part of
    the others.

    The payroll deduction for Plan 2 = 4.65, for Plan 3 = 7.85, and for Plan 4
    = 5.50.

    Any other codes are considered in error. Write the algorithm and draw the
    flowchart for a module to determine the payroll deduction.
    Example of Case Logic Structure
    NESTED IFS
     One of the alternatives within an IF–THEN–
    ELSE statement
     may involve further IF–THEN–ELSE statement
    EXAMPLE

    • Write an algorithm that reads three numbers and prints


    the value of the largest number.
    Step 1: Input N1, N2, N3
    Step 2: if (N1>N2) then
    if (N1>N3) then
    MAX ← N1 [N1>N2, N1>N3]
    else
    MAX ← N3 [N3>N1>N2]
    endif
    else
    if (N2>N3) then
    MAX ← N2 [N2>N1, N2>N3]
    else
    MAX ← N3 [N3>N2>N1]
    endif
    endif
    Perpered by Dr. Walaa Khaled
    Step 3: Print “The largest number is”, MAX
    Problem 3

     Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to


    a) read an employee name (NAME), overtime
    hours worked (OVERTIME), hours absent
    (ABSENT) and
    b) determine the bonus payment (PAYMENT).
    Problem 3

    Bonus Schedule
    OVERTIME – (2/3)*ABSENT Bonus Paid

    >40 hours $50


    >30 but  40 hours $40
    >20 but  30 hours $30
    >10 but  20 hours $20
     10 hours $10

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