Presentation 1

PRESENTATION OF ELECTRONIC
TELECOMMUNICATION
Presented by…….
Name Roll No.

1.Akhil Thakur 116
2.Aasif Shaikh 117
3.Shahbaz Vasta 119
4.Ramesh Verath 120
5.Ankit Yadav 122
LIGHT (L)
EMITTING (E)
DIODE(D)
 introduction
• LED lights were invented in 1962 by Nick Holon yak, who
worked for Bell Laboratories at the time
• A light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a PN junction opto-
semiconductor that emits a monochromatic (single color)
light when operated in a forward biased direction.
• LEDs convert electrical energy into light energy. They are

frequently used as "pilot" lights in electronic appliances to
indicate whether the circuit is closed or not.
Inert part
LED
LED
DIODE
 MORE ABOUT LED…..
• The most important part of a light emitting diode (LED) is the semi-
conductor chip located in the center of the bulb as shown at the right.
The chip has two regions separated by a junction.
• The p region is dominated by positive electric charges, and the n region

is dominated by negative electric charges. The junction acts as a barrier
to the flow of electrons between the p and the n regions. Only when
sufficient voltage is applied to the semi-conductor chip, can the current
flow, and the electrons cross the junction into the p region.
 INSIDE A LED…..
 Transparent Plastic Case
 Terminal Pins
 Diode
CONECT LED…
 Requires 1.5~2.5V and 10 mA
 To prevent overloading, use resistor 470 Ω
 HOW TO CONNECT LED
KINDS OF LED……
 Connect LED to BS2
 LED is on when P0 is high
 LED is on when P1 is low

 How Does A LED Work?
When sufficient voltage is
applied to the chip across the
leads of the LED, electrons can
move easily in only one direction
across the junction between the p
and n regions.
In the p region there are many
more positive than negative
charges.
When a voltage is applied and
the current starts to flow,
electrons in the n region have
sufficient energy to move across
the junction into the p region.
 How Does A LED Work?
Each time an electron
recombines with a positive charge,
electric potential energy is
converted into electromagnetic
energy.
For each recombination of a
negative and a positive charge, a
quantum of electromagnetic
energy is emitted in the form of a
photon of light with a frequency
characteristic of the semi-
conductor material (usually a
combination of the chemical
elements gallium, arsenic and
phosphorus)..
 Applications
 Sensor Applications
 Mobile Applications
 Sign Applications
 Automative Uses
 LED Signals
 Illuminations
 Indicators
 Sensor Applications
Medical Instrumentation
Bar Code Readers
Color & Money Sensors
Encoders
Optical Switches
Fiber Optic Communication
 Mobile Applications
Mobile Phone
PDA's
Digital Cameras
Lap Tops
General Backlighting
 Sign Applications
Full Color Video

Monochrome Message Boards
Traffic/VMS
Transportation - Passenger Information
 Automative Applications
Interior Lighting - Instrument Panels &

Switches, Courtesy Lighting
Exterior Lighting - CHMSL, Rear
Stop/Turn/Tail
Truck/Bus Lighting - Retrofits, New
Turn/Tail/Marker Lights
 Signal Appications
Traffic
Rail
Aviation
Tower Lights
Runway Lights
Emergency/Police Vehicle Lighting
 Illumination
Architectural Lighting
Signage (Channel Letters)
Machine Vision
Retail Displays
Emergency Lighting (Exit Signs)
Neon Replacement
Bulb Replacements
Flashlights
Outdoor Accent Lighting -
Pathway, Marker Lights
 Indicators
Household appliances
VCR/ DVD/ Stereo and other
audio and video devices
Toys/Games
Instrumentation
Security Equipment
Switchess
 Indication
Household appliances
VCR/ DVD/ Stereo and other audio
and video devices
Toys/Games
Instrumentation
Security Equipment
Switchs
 Driving led
 Analog LED Drive Circuits
 Digital LED Drive Circuits
 Colour in led
LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow,
green, blue and white.
Blue and white LEDs are much more expensivethan
the other colours.
The colour of an LED is determined by the
semiconductor material, not by the colouring of the
'package' (the plastic body).
The coloured packages are also available as diffused
(the standard type) or transparent.
 Tri-colour lads
Bi-colour leds
 Advantages
LEDs produce more light per watt than incandescent bulbs.
LEDs can emit light of an intended color without the use of
the color filters
LEDs can be very small and are easily populated onto
printed circuit boards.
LEDs light up very quickly.
LEDs mostly fail by dimming over time, rather than the
abrupt burn-out of incandescent bulbs.
LEDs can have a relatively long useful life.
LEDs do not contain Mercury, unlike other florescent light..
 Disadvantages
LEDs are currently more expensive

Not very high voltage so light isn't huge.
It is harmful for eyes, if is observed continuously.
Wavelength Semiconductor
Color Name
(Nanometers) Composition
Infrared 880 GaAlAs/GaAs
Ultra Red 660 GaAlAs/GaAlAs
Super Red 633 AlGaInP
Super Orange 612 AlGaInP
Orange 605 GaAsP/GaP
Yellow 585 GaAsP/GaP
Incandescent
4500K (CT) InGaN/SiC
White
Pale White 6500K (CT) InGaN/SiC
Cool White 8000K (CT) InGaN/SiC
Pure Green 555 GaP/GaP
Super Blue 470 GaN/SiC
Blue Violet 430 GaN/SiC
Ultraviolet 395 InGaN/SiC
 Preferences
http://www.marktechopto.com/
http://
acept.la.asu.edu/courses/phs110/expmts/exp13a.html
http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/led.htm
http://www.fiber
optics.info/articles/LEDs.htm
http://www.theledlight.com/technical1.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/leds.html
www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/led.htm
::The END::
Thank you
for your
Attention!

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PRESENTATION OF ELECTRONIC

Name Roll No.

• LEDs convert electrical energy into light energy. They are

• The p region is dominated by positive electric charges, and the n region

 LED is on when P1 is low

Full Color Video

Interior Lighting - Instrument Panels &

LEDs are currently more expensive

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