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    PH36010 Numerical Methods: Solving Differential Equations Using MATHCAD

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    bashasvuce
    - The document discusses numerical methods for solving differential equations using Mathcad. - It covers solving first and second order ODEs by forming the derivative vector, specifying initial conditions, and calling solvers to generate a solution matrix. - Examples include radioactive decay, cooling, an LCR circuit, and a forced oscillation system. Plots of the numeric solutions are generated.

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    PH36010 Numerical Methods: Solving Differential Equations Using MATHCAD

    Uploaded by

    bashasvuce
    93 views32 pages
    - The document discusses numerical methods for solving differential equations using Mathcad. - It covers solving first and second order ODEs by forming the derivative vector, specifying initial conditions, and calling solvers to generate a solution matrix. - Examples include radioactive decay, cooling, an LCR circuit, and a forced oscillation system. Plots of the numeric solutions are generated.

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    - The document discusses numerical methods for solving differential equations using Mathcad. - It covers solving first and second order ODEs by forming the derivative vector, specifying initial conditions, and calling solvers to generate a solution matrix. - Examples include radioactive decay, cooling, an LCR circuit, and a forced oscillation system. Plots of the numeric solutions are generated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    93 views32 pages

    PH36010 Numerical Methods: Solving Differential Equations Using MATHCAD

    Uploaded by

    bashasvuce
    - The document discusses numerical methods for solving differential equations using Mathcad. - It covers solving first and second order ODEs by forming the derivative vector, specifying initial conditions, and calling solvers to generate a solution matrix. - Examples include radioactive decay, cooling, an LCR circuit, and a forced oscillation system. Plots of the numeric solutions are generated.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    PH36010

    Numerical Methods
    Solving Differential Equations
    using MATHCAD
    Solving ODEs
    numerically
    • Produce numeric solution to
    system of ODEs.
    • Must have initial conditions
    • Use one of several different
    solvers
    • Produces matrix of solutions
    Steps to solving ODEs
    • Scale equations, parameters &
    initial conditions to remove units
    • Manipulate equations to give
    vector of derivatives
    • Give vector of initial conditions
    • Call solver
    • Plot results
    Solution of First Order
    ODE
    • Radioactive decay, Newton’s
    law of cooling etc
    kA
    d
    A
    dt

    • A is amount of material,
    temperature difference, etc
    • k is rate constant
    Forming the derivative
    vector
    • “The derivative
    d
    A kA of A with
    dt respect to t is
    –k times A”
    k 0.1

    D( t  A ) kA
    Initial Conditions
    • First order ODE
    – 1 member of D(t,A) vector
    – 1 member of ic vector

    Although only
    ic0 1 1 member, still
    needs to be a vector
    Solution parameters
    • TStart and TFinish times
    • Number of points, N

    TStart 0 TFinish 5 N 1000


    Create Solution Matrix
    • Use rkfixed() function
    • Return matrix with 1 column per DE +
    1 for independent variable
    • Use column operator to strip off
    columns

    Soln rkfixed( ic  TStart TFinish N  D)


     0  1
    Time Soln Quantity Soln
    Plot Results
    1
    1

    Quantity 0.5

    5
    4.54 10 0
    0 1 2 3 4 5
    0 Time 5
    What can go wrong
    • Found number greater than
    10^307
    – Use more points
    – Reduce TFinish
    • Can’t have anything with
    dimensions here
    – Strip units from system before
    solution
    More complex first order
    system
    • Double decay
    • A => B => C
    K1 K2

    K1  A( t ) B( t ) K1  A( t ) K2  B( t )
    d d
    A( t )
    dt dt
    Forming the derivative
    vector

    K1  A( t ) B( t ) K1  A( t ) K2  B( t )
    d d
    A( t )
    dt dt

    K1  F0 ( t ) F ( t ) 1 K1  F0 ( t ) K2  F1 ( t )
    d d
    F0 ( t )
    dt dt

    K1  F0
    D( t  F )
    K1  F0 K2  F1
    Initial Conditions
    • System of 2 DEs
    – 2 members in D(t,F) vector
    – 2 members in ic vector
    • F0 refers to A => ic0
    • F1 refers to B => ic1
    1 Initially 100% of A,
    ic
    0 0% of B
    Form Solution of Double
    Decay system
    • Solution parameters as before
    • Call rkfixed() as before to create
    matrix

    TStart 0 TFinish 2 N 1000

    Soln rkfixed( ic  TStart TFinish N  D)


    Plot results of double
    decay
     0  1  2
    Time Soln A Soln B Soln

    0.8

    0.6
    A
    B
    0.4

    0.2

    0
    0 0.5 1 1.5 2
    Time
    Second Order System
    Damped SHM
    • Rewrite as system of first order
    equations
    • Solve as before
    Second Order system
    LCR Circuit

    Kirchoff’s
    Voltage Law =>
    q
    L coil i i R res
    d
    0
    dt C cap
    Second order System
    Forming the equations
    q
    L coil i i R res
    d
    0
    dt C cap

    Use dq/dt=i and divide by Lcoil

    2
    d d  R res q
    q q 0
    d t L coil 
    L coil C cap
    d t2

    To get homogeneous equation in q


    Second Order System
    Writing standard form
    #1
    2
    d d  R res q
    q q 0
    d t L coil 
    L coil C cap
    d t2

    Rewrite again, getting rid of d/dt


    2
    d d
    q q2 q q1 q q0
    d t2 dt

    R res q0
    q2 q1 0

    L coil L coil C cap
    Second Order System
    Writing standard form
    #2
    R res q0
    q2 q1 0

    L coil L coil C cap

    Use symbolic solver to get q2

    R res q0 q1 R res C cap q0


    q2 q1 0 s olve q2

    L coil L coil C cap L coil C cap
    Second Order System
    Fill in D vector
    • Have expressions for q1 & q2
    • Now fill in D(t,q) vector
    • Replace
    – q0  q0 ,q1  q1 ,q2  q2

    d
    q1 q q1
    dt
    D( t  q ) q1 R res C cap q0
    q1 R res C cap q0
    L coil C cap
    2
    d
    q q2
    d t2 L coil C cap
    Second Order System
    Define Initial Conditions
    • Start with 1V across capacitor
    & no current flowing
    V0 1

    V0  C cap ic0 holds charge at t=0


    ic
    0 ic1 holds current at t=0
    Second Order System
    Create Solution
    • Examine over 0.1s
    • Use 1000 points

    TStart 0 TFinish 0.1 N 1000

    Soln rkfixed( ic  TStart TFinish N  D)


    Second Order System
    Plot Solution
     0  1  2 Charge
    Time Soln Charge Soln Current Soln Voltagecap
    C cap

    0.01

    0.005

    Current 0

    0.005

    0.01
    0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
    Time
    Driven Systems
    • So far all systems have been
    ‘Relaxation to steady state’
    • Can also model systems driven
    by ‘Forcing Function’
    Forcing Function for LCR
    circuit
    • Enables us to see resonance
    • Put voltage source in loop

    q
    L coil i i R res
    d
    f( t) 0
    dt C cap
    Solution for Forced
    Oscillation
    • Use symbolic solver to solve for q2
    as before
    R res q0 q1R resC cap q0 f( t ) L coilC cap
    q2 q1 f( t ) 0 s olve q2
    L coil L coilC cap L coilC cap

    • Compare with undriven case…

    R res q0 q1 R res C cap q0


    q2 q1 0 s olve q2
    L coil L coil C cap L coil C cap
    Forcing function
    • Drive with sinusoidal waveform
    A0 1  300 f( t) A 0 sin( t)

    • Substitute to give…
    q1R resC cap q0 A 0 s in(  t ) L coilC cap
    q2
    L coilC cap
    Derivative Vector for
    Forced SHM
    q1

    D( t  q ) q1R resC cap q0 A 0 s in(  t) L coilC cap


    L coilC cap

    • No initial charge or current


    0
    ic
    0
    Form solution
    • Use rkfixed as before…

    TStart 0 TFinish 0.1 N 1000

    Soln rkfixed( ic  TStart TFinish N  D)


    Extract values & plot
    0  1  2  Charge
    Time Soln Charge Soln Current Soln Voltagecap
    C cap

    5 10
    4

    Current 0

    5 10
    4
    0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
    Time
    Phase Plot
    • Plot Current (q1) vs Charge (q0)
    6 10
    4
    4
    4.54710

    4 10
    4

    2 10
    4

    Current 0

    2 10
    4

    4 10
    4

    4
    4.92810 6 10 4
    0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15
    0.135 Voltage cap 0.118

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