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    Mental Images, Maps, and Propositions

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    Jesse Ebreo
    The document discusses different types of mental representations including mental imagery, propositions, and cognitive maps. It describes how we can mentally manipulate images through rotations and scaling. Both the right and left hemispheres are involved in representing knowledge, with the right hemisphere more focused on visual-spatial and the left on verbal representations. Cognitive maps allow us to navigate environments by developing landmark, route, and survey knowledge.

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    Mental Images, Maps, and Propositions

    Uploaded by

    Jesse Ebreo
    535 views24 pages
    The document discusses different types of mental representations including mental imagery, propositions, and cognitive maps. It describes how we can mentally manipulate images through rotations and scaling. Both the right and left hemispheres are involved in representing knowledge, with the right hemisphere more focused on visual-spatial and the left on verbal representations. Cognitive maps allow us to navigate environments by developing landmark, route, and survey knowledge.

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    Cognitive Psychology subject

    Original Title

    Mental Images, Maps, And Propositions

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    The document discusses different types of mental representations including mental imagery, propositions, and cognitive maps. It describes how we can mentally manipulate images through rotations and scaling. Both the right and left hemispheres are involved in representing knowledge, with the right hemisphere more focused on visual-spatial and the left on verbal representations. Cognitive maps allow us to navigate environments by developing landmark, route, and survey knowledge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    535 views24 pages

    Mental Images, Maps, and Propositions

    Uploaded by

    Jesse Ebreo
    The document discusses different types of mental representations including mental imagery, propositions, and cognitive maps. It describes how we can mentally manipulate images through rotations and scaling. Both the right and left hemispheres are involved in representing knowledge, with the right hemisphere more focused on visual-spatial and the left on verbal representations. Cognitive maps allow us to navigate environments by developing landmark, route, and survey knowledge.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Mental Images, Maps,

    and Propositions
    Ebreo, Jeanne Elyanna S.
    Outline
    Mental Representation of Knowledge
    Mental Manipulations of Images
    Synthesizing Images and Propositions
    Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge

    1. External Representations: Picture


    Versus Words

    Pictures Analogous to the real-world


    object it represents
    Words Symbolic representations
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge

    2. Mental Imagery

    Imagery is the mental representation of


    things that are not currently being sensed
    by the sense organs.

    Guided-imagery techniques for controlling


    pain, for strengthening immune responses
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge

    3. Dual-Code Theory: Analogical Images


    Versus Symbols

    Dual-Code Theory
    - We use both images and words for
    representing information
    - Visual images and words are separate
    codes
    Visual imagery interferes with other visual
    tasks
    Verbal tasks interfere with other verbal
    tasks
    Visual imagery does not interfere with
    verbal tasks
    Which of the following tasks
    is (are) the hardest one(s)?
    Imagine an elephant and at the same time try
    to draw a house.

    Imagine the definition of elephant and at


    the same time write down a definition of
    short-term memory.

    Draw an elephant and at the same time


    provide a definition of short-term memory.
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge
    4.Propositional Theory
    - We do not store mental representations in the
    form of images; rather our mental
    representations more closely resemble the
    abstract form of a proposition

    Proposition the meaning underlying


    a particular relationship among
    concepts
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge
    4.Propositional Theory
    - We do not store mental representations in the form of
    images; rather our mental representations more
    closely resemble the abstract form of a proposition

    Proposition
    - the meaning underlying a particular relationship
    among concepts
    - Ambiguous figure
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge
    4.Propositional Theory
    I. Mental Representation of
    Knowledge

    5. Declarative knowledge--stateable facts (know that)

    6. Procedural Knowledge--implementable processes


    (know how)
    II. Mental Manipulations of
    Images

    Functional-equivalence hypothesis
    These functionally equivalent images are
    analogous to the physical percepts they
    represent
    II. Mental Manipulations of
    Images

    1.Mental Rotations
    people have the ability to rotate two objects in
    their consciousness to decide that they are
    actually the same object in different positions.
    II. Mental Manipulations of
    Images
    1.Mental Rotations
    II. Mental Manipulations of
    Images
    2.Image Scailing
    Seeing featural details of large objects is easier
    than seeing such details of small ones, and we
    respond more quickly to questions about large
    objects we observe than to questions about small
    ones we observe
    If imaginal representation is functionally equivalent
    to perception, participants also should respond
    more quickly to questions about features of
    imaginally large objects than to questions about
    features of imaginally small ones
    II. Mental Manipulations of
    Images
    3. Image Scanning

    -Images, as spatial representations, can be


    scanned, much the same as physical
    percepts
    III. Synthesizing Images
    and Propositions
    Johnson-Lairds Mental Models

    Mental representations may take any of the


    three (3) forms:

    1. Propositions
    2. Mental models
    3. Images
    III. Synthesizing Images
    and Propositions
    Johnson-Lairds Mental Models

    Mental model
    is an overarching term for any sort of concept,
    framework, or worldview that you carry around
    in your mind
    III. Synthesizing Images
    and Propositions

    Lateralization of function
    Right hemisphere appears to be more
    proficient in representing and manipulating
    knowledge of visiospatial nature, whereas the
    left hemisphere appears to be more
    proficient in representing and manipulating
    verbal and other symbol-based knowledge
    IV. Spatial Cognition and
    Cognitive Maps
    Cognitive maps
    -Internal representations of our physical
    environment, particularly centering on
    spatial relationships
    IV. Spatial Cognition and
    Cognitive Maps
    Creating cognitive maps

    Gain increased spatial knowledge


    Using three types of knowledge
    Landmark (special buildings)
    Route-road (procedures to get to one place
    from another)
    Survey (global map-like view)
    IV. Spatial Cognition and
    Cognitive Maps
    . The drawing on
    the right was
    produced by a 5-
    year old when
    asked to draw her
    family's 2-story
    apartment.
    IV. Spatial Cognition and
    Cognitive Maps
    Influences of semantic and propositional
    knowledge on imaginal representations

    We have the tendency to enlarge the more


    prominent, well-known countries and
    diminish the sizes of less well-known
    countries
    IV. Spatial Cognition and
    Cognitive Maps
    Sex differences in spatial and related
    skills
    Women find it easier to remember where
    they saw things (spatial-location memory),
    whereas men find it easier to do mental
    rotations of spatial images

    Men tend to perform better on common


    tests of spatial skills than do women

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