SHSE-CHENNAI

Introduction to Safety
&
Safety Sensitization
Umasankar H
DGM (Chemistry)
 What we are going to learn
1. Sensitization on safety
2. How Safety comes from
3. Layers of safety
4. Swiss Cheese model of Incident
5. How to identify hazards
6. Human errors in safety and how to
improve risk tolerance
7. ONGC contractor safety video
8. HSE as in ONGC
9. What we need to do improve safety
Sensitize for Accidents

Video
Lessons

1. No jugadbaji means stay in the safety system

& if required any temporary arrangements
remove it there & then , means use for a
moment only.
2. Anticipate hazards around before starting
work
3. Follow the SOP (safe operating procedures)
4. Wear helmet ( all required PPE) and Wear
appropriate PPE for the Job.
Lessons

5. Hawkish supervision and Listen to safety

supervisor.
6. Immediate house keeping
7. Incident never differentiates people/situations
8. PPE only guard to provide reduction in
exposure energy till barriers holds.
9. Haz. Energy may get diverted or diffracted
10. Never come in line with Haz. Energy path
(weights, pressure, electricity, chemicals etc.)
UNDERSTANDING SAFETY
Levels of safety
Elements of safety
Effectiveness of Elements
Layers of CONTROL
Extended Swiss cheese model
Split second decisions: Sometimes this is required. All
of your knowledge, education, experience, reasoning, intuition,
common sense and confidence must come together extremely
rapidly. Ex. combat, avoiding a car accident, or anything requiring
an immediate decision.
Integration of Hazard knowledge base
Levels of safety

1. safety @ Design

2. safety @ Construction

3. safety @ Operations

4. safety @ Self/ Personal

 Safety comes from .

Safety at design: by design engineers during General

engineering and Detailed engineering. Data comes from
Code/standards; R&D internal, University R&D, Accident
investigations. Remember failure of design will have hazards
at multiple sites where the design is applied. It will have a
geographical spread and multiple units come under accident
threat. Responsibility: DESIGN /APPROVEING-ENGINEERS
Safety at Construction: by engineer-in-charge during entire
construction of materials, methods, tasting by the third
parties and interpretation of engineering quality checks and
deciding on operability. Operator shall have close
supervision on all elements of safety:
Responsibility: ENGG- IN- CHARGE/ SUPERVISORS
 Safety comes from .

Safety at operations: of process, plant and chemicals. Maintenance

of equipment-predictive, periodic and breakdown. Machines guards
in place. SOPs in place which are in vernacular of person working.
Critical safety equipment in place. Detection systems - Gas , Fire,
Smoke detectors in place. All alarms in good working condition and
always switched on.
Responsibility: LINE MANAGERS/ ENGINEERS
Safety of Person: had good sleep and rest before night; stress
free-family, financial, social, psychological; healthy- not having any
medicines which effect neuromuscular effects; Not drugged/
hangover from last booze, qualified, skilled and authorized, had
thought of hazards and rescue, wear safety PPE required for work,
know the SOP and has a positive attitude for work. Not having any
communicable disease.
Responsibility: ALL INDIVIDUALS
Reduction measures for accidents
Elimination, substitution, engineering happens
during innovation and design stage. Use of
technical knowledge, codes and specification,
Analysis of previous accidents, new
technology and new materials should be put
into use to reduce risk from hazard

Construction, operation and maintenance also

happened during the engineering control
stages.
Communications, supervision and quality
assurance are important in this stage.

Job design, job roles, basic qualification, skill

development, training, role allocation, safe
operating procedures, all happen during
administrative control

Safety behaviour, risk analysis, PPE donning,

has be happen in the individual control
Layers of safety / Swiss cheese model
Extended Swiss cheese model
Layers of protection and their
impact
 Hazard AIDS

JSA ( JOB SAFTEY ANALYSIS)

HAZID ( HAZARD IDENTIFICATION)
HAZOP (HAZARD OPERATABILITY)
QRA (QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSEMENT)
SIMOPS (SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONS)
BOW TIE DIAGRAM ( Threats Top-event Consequences)
AIM (ASSET INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT)
INCIDENT ANALYSIS ( root cause and removal)
CODE &STANDARD ( revealed in accidents & codified)
Human error in HSE

1. Inadequate information
2. Lack of understanding
3. Inadequate design
4. Lapses of attention
5. Mistaken actions
6. Misperceptions
7. Mistaken priorities
8. Wilfulness
 ONGC typical hazards ?

ONGC contactor safety video

Typical hazards
Fire & explosion
High pressure liquids and gases
Oil spills
Electricity
Working at different heights
Chemicals
Slip and trip
Falling objects
Radioactivity
Explosives
Role of HSE executive

3As (Advice Awareness Appraisal)

Advice - to help line managers compliance and

understanding legal requirements in HSE.

Awareness - to all on safety, environment and

occupational health

Appraisal - to management on status of HSE,

statistics, incident investigations, trends in
incidents, HSE violations and inadequacies in the
HSE management
 What is safety culture and Ways to
develop
A safety culture is an organizational culture that places a high level of
importance on safety beliefs, values and attitudesand these are
shared by the majority of people within the company or workplace. It
can be characterized as the way we do things around here.
1. Communicate company values
2. Demonstrate leadership
3. Clarify required and expected behaviour
4. Personalise safety outcomes
5. Develop positive safety attitudes
6. Engage and own safety responsibilities and accountabilities
7. Increase hazard/risk awareness and preventive behaviours
8. Improve understanding and effective implementation of safety
management systems
9. Monitor, review and reflect on personal effectiveness
Understanding Safety

organization
Feel
Risk
good
Mgmt.
facto Safety
r Culture

Risk Work place

Individual Tolerance
7 keys for safety culture
1. The entire workforce relentlessly pursues the
identification and remediation of hazards.
2. Employees at all levels are equally comfortable
stopping each other when at-risk behavior is
observed and recognizing each other when safe
behavior is observed.
3. No one is blamed for near misses or incidents.
4. The fear of discipline which drives under-
reporting and stifles involvement has been driven
out of the culture.
5. The workforce is characterized by good relation-
ships at all levels.
6. Safety is integrated into day-to-day work.
7. Successes are celebrated along the way.
Influencing risk tolerance behaviour
Definitions
Hazard - A physical or chemical characteristic of a material, system,
process, condition or activity that has the potential to harm people,
property or the environment.
Risk -The likelihood of an unwanted incident combined with the
severity of its potential consequences.
Perception - The process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting,
and organizing sensory information. Humans perceive information
through the senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch). Sensory stimuli
serve as the basis for understanding, learning and motivating actions or
reactions. Perception is greatly influenced by the knowledge and experience we
gain throughout life.
Risk Perception - Risk perception combines awareness and
knowledge regarding the hazards of a task, recognition of the potential
outcomes of a situation or set of circumstances, and the ability to
forecast the probability and severity of a resulting loss. This process is
influenced by experiences and memory and is highly subjective.
Risk Tolerance -The amount of risk that an individual or
group of individuals is willing to accept in the pursuit of some goal.
Risk tolerance model
Risk identification and Acceptance

Everyone perceives and tolerates risk differently

Risk perception is identification
Do you see it?
Do you understand the risk?
Risk tolerance is acceptance
Do you tolerate and accept it?
 Factors that influence Risk Tolerance...
Cost of Compliance - The measure of the value / benefit (cost) to mitigate a risk.
Compliance can be viewed as a trade-off between the perceived cost of non-compliance ("what might
happen to me if I do not comply?") and the perceived cost of compliance ("what will it cost me to
conform to rules and regulations"?) Examples of the cost of non-compliance: risk of injury or incident,
and disciplinary action. Examples of cost of compliance: gain / loss of time, and comfort

Culture - A learned, shared system of values, beliefs and attitudes common to a defined human
group that shapes and influences perception and behavior; e.g.,The way we do things around here".

Familiarity - Considerable acquaintance with, or knowledge of something can lead to an

underestimation of risk, or an overestimate of experience or capability.

Impairment Factors- Fatigue, Stress. Alcohol, Drugs. Chemicals

Lack of skill / knowledge - Insufficient. Ineffective training and/or application of job
related knowledge.

Personalized Experiences - Personal stories, preferably told by the person Involved,

of accidents and dangers focus attention and can increase an audience's risk perception.

Severity of consequence - The acceptance of risk based on a worker's perception or

self-assessment of how severely he or she might be injured, the extent of loss, or significance of the
Impact of the hazard.

Social Influence -An individual's thoughts or actions are affected by other people,
(specifically role models and unofficial leaders), the workplace and society.

Underestimate/Overestimate- Factors such as lack of skill or knowledge,

familiarity, inadequate risk assessment, social influence, culture or impairment of judgment can lead to
an overestimate of experience or capabilities and / or an underestimation of risk. Overconfidence In the
equipment, rescue or PPE will result in higher risk tolerance.

Voluntary Exposure - People who perceive their actions as less dangerous voluntarily
assume higher levels of risk. ... at multiple stages in the risk tolerance model
Influencing risk tolerance behaviour
Tools to reduce risk tolerance
The following tools have been identified to be the most
effective in reducing risk tolerance.
INTERVENTION
COACHING
LOSS PREVENTION SYSTEM (LPS)
Safe performance self assessment(SPSA)
Loss prevention Observation (LPO)
Job safety Analysis(JSA)
 Risk Tolerance barriers and actions

Tools Barriers Actions RT

SPSA Difficult to measure quality and Supervisors use discussion
(Safe performance effect /coaching to test and improve
self assessment) Inability to recognize outcome Encourage workers use it
Not all workers are convinced Demonstrate value of tool
SPSA is a valuable tool
LPO Not always focused on behavior refresher training on ABC
(Loss prevention Effort to gather and track findings analysis, Root Cause Analysis
Observation ) and corrective actions and incident analysis
Does not build in all risk tolerance Consider factors influencing
factors Risk Perception/ Risk tolerance
when addressing LPO corrective
action
JSA Does not ask teams consider Consider risk tolerance hazards
(Job safety Analysis) hazards In developing JSA when developing JSA
Often too long and not focused Reinforce timing /use
on critical Issues expectations during training and /
Sometime a process, check the or refresher
box
 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Purpose
A Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a method that is used for the purpose of the
following: 1) To identify and analyze the steps involved in performing a specific job, 2)
To identify and analyze the existing or potential safety, health and/or environment
hazards associated with each step, and 3) To identify and analyze the recommended
action(s) /procedure(s) that will eliminate or reduce these hazards and the risk of a
workplace injury, illness, or property loss

Types of Hazard: all hazards in oil industry

When to conduct a JSA?
A Job Safety Analysis should be conducted in the planning stage well before carrying
out any job that has any potential safety and health hazards associated with it. This
should serve as source information for preparing the Safe Work Procedures for any
hazardous job and the same should be looked into (and be attached) before/ while
issuing work permits.
Responsibilities of Conducting a JSA
It should jointly be done by the Operational person and the HSE officer well before
any job is planned to be executed. Recorded.
 Procedures to Conduct the Analysis
Select jobs that is associated with significant risks of a
workplace injury or illness.
Identify and record each step necessary to accomplish the task.
Observe the task being performed by any worker and also
involve his supervisor in the process.
Identify all actual or potential safety and health hazards
associated with each task.
Determine and record the recommended action(s) or
procedure(s) for performing each step that will eliminate or
reduce the hazard (i.e. engineering changes, job rotation, PPE, etc.).
Discuss the analysis results with the concerned and keep
record of the observations
Visual perception & Hazard recognition
Brain 100 times slow
Optical nerve 100 times slow
Retina 10000 times slow
Event 1 time
perception
 Risk tolerance model

Exposure Hazard
recognition
See, Sound

Sensory input
yes
NO Perception of hazards
Recognition of hazard Skill
Knowledge
yes experience
NO
Risk Perception Risk
percepti
yes
NO on
Decision to mitigate
risk yes
Unsafe behaviour safe behaviour Risk tolerance
 Pyramid of actions for safety
Develop system Audits
Contractors
Training Management of
change

documents PSSR

Evacuation Interview
Refuge
Fire fighting
PSVs Rescue
Scrubbers
Blast protection Design
EAC ESD
Explosion Fire proofing
Fire SIS
Process- PHA
temp/pre/corrosion Dispersion
CMMS Personal-slips/
Integrity trips/ falls
Procedures
Operating
parameters

Risk tolerance Working in teams

Mgmt. system Communication
Leadership
New employee orientation
12 keys for safety

1 Visible management commitment

2 Safety Policy
3 Safety a Line Responsibility
4 Safety Advisers
5 High, known safety standards
6 Safety Performance Measures
7 Realistic Safety Targets
8 Audit & Inspection Programme
9 Safety Training
10 Incident Investigation
11 Safety Communication & Motivation
12 Contingency Plans
STATUS OF HSE
IN
ONGC
ONGC vision:

To be global leader in integrated

energy business through
sustainable growth, knowledge
excellence and exemplary
governance practices
 ONGC mission
World Class
R&D and technology with involved people.
Imbibe high standards of business ethics and organizational values.
Abiding commitment to safety, health and environment
Foster a culture of trust, openness and mutual concern
Strive for customer delight through quality products and services.

Integrated In Energy Business

Focus on domestic and international oil and gas exploration and production
business opportunities.
Provide value linkages in other sectors of energy business.
Create growth opportunities and maximize shareholder value.

Dominant Indian Leadership-

Retain dominant position in Indian petroleum sector and enhance India's energy
availability.
ONGC HSE policy
1. We are committed to maintain highest standards of
occupational health, safety and environmental protection with
effective HSE risk management.
2. We shall comply with all applicable legislation codes,
standards and requirements to promote occupational health, safety
and environmental protection for sustainable development.
3. We shall always be alert, equipped and ready to respond to
emergencies through effective and updated Emergency
Response Plan.
4. We shall take all actions necessary to protect equipment and the
integrity of the system to avoid accidental release of hazardous
substances for minimizing environmental pollution.
5. We shall enhance awareness and involvement of all the stake
holders in promotion of occupational health, safety and
environment protection.
6. We shall set targets against the international benchmarks and strive
to promote safety culture for continual improvement.
 HSE Organization in ONGC
Board of (A) CMD and Functional Directors The Management of
Directors: (B) Government Nominee the Company is vested
(C) Permanent Invitee with the Board of
(D) Independent Directors Directors.
Board- Sub 1. Prof. S. B. Kedare - Chairman -Review of policy,
committee on 2. Shri Ajai Malhotra - Member processes and systems
Health, Safety & 3. Shri K. M. Padmanabhan - Member on Safety, Health,
Environment 4. Shri U.P. Singh - Member Environment and
5. CMD and all Functional Directors - Ecology aspects.
Members
Convener - Director (Exploration)
Director I/C HSE Sh. A.K. Dwivedi, Director (Expl.)
Corporate & Corporate HSE Delhi
Local level HSE Sectional HSE (Under CHSE) Chennai/Baroda
Management Regional HSE( Asset/Basin/Plant HSE) Chennai/ Raj. /KKL.
Sectional HSE ST/DS/WS
HSE AWARENESS and HELP
CHSE INTRANET WEBSITE
http:/chse.ongc.co.in
SHSE webpage in SS Server
Cauvery basin Intranet Page in SS server
DGMS web site
MoEF Website
CPCB website
SPCB website
XGN site (extended green node)
HSE management system compendium on HSE issed by
CHSE
ISO codes/ ASTM codes/ API codes/ ISI codes
QHSE SYSTEM - interaction of ISO systems
What we need to do improve safety
Be sensitive to incidents, Report immediately
Only do authorized jobs
Always think safety before work
Before job, wear required PPE positively
Show interest in getting training and skills
required perform duties.
Maintain safety critical equipment
Never bypass any critical safety systems- like
safety, fire, detection, automation
Follow work permits /Lock-Tagout system
 Aware of right equipment and know how to use?
After all this care; Still residual energy may hit
us- as accident or emergency; always be
prepared with emergency plan, first aid and fire-
fighting.
Gas leak checking before jobs
Kept adequate fire fighting equipment/ learn
using them
Do investigate for root cause not for blame
game
Its Interaction time !
INTERVENTIONS
PROCESS SAFETY PHILOSOPHY-LOPA