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    4.2.3.a AirfoilsLiftBernoullisPrinciple

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    4.2.3.a AirfoilsLiftBernoullisPrinciple

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    airfoil

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    80 views20 pages

    4.2.3.a AirfoilsLiftBernoullisPrinciple

    Uploaded by

    farceu
    airfoil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Airfoils, Lift and Bernoullis

    Principle

    Flight and Space 2011 Project Lead The Way, Inc.


    History
    Ancient Discoveries
    Chinese and kites
    Early flight explorers Lilienthal and Cayley in
    the 1800s
    Camber
    A measure of the curvature of the airfoil
    Airfoil
    a part with a flat or curved surface, such as a
    wing or rudder, specifically designed to keep
    an aircraft in the air.
    Airfoil
    Airfoil

    Trailing Edge Leading Edge

    Angle
    of Attack
    Bernoullis Principle
    The pressure of a fluid decreases as
    the speed of the fluid increases
    The principle was first discovered in the
    1700s.
    When a fluid moves quickly, its pressure
    decreases.
    Since air is considered a fluid, this
    principle can be applied to the design of a
    wing.
    Lift
    Bernoullis Principle
    When a fluid
    moves fast, its
    pressure
    decreases.
    Since air is
    considered a fluid,
    this principle can
    be applied to the
    design of a wing.
    Bernoullis Principle
    Bernoulli proved
    that as fluids
    move faster,
    their pressure
    decreases.
    This principle
    explains why a
    plane rises.
    Factors that Affect Lift

    The Object: Shape and Size

    The Motion: Velocity and Angle of Attack

    The Air: Mass, Viscosity, Compressibility


    Factors that Affect Lift
    The Object Wing geometry
    Airfoil shape
    Wing size
    Aspect ratio: Mathematical relationship
    between the wing span (overall length) to the
    wing area
    Factors that Affect Lift
    Motion Move the object
    Velocity (speed)
    Angle of attack (how the object is tipped
    toward the wind)
    Factors that Affect Lift
    Air Mass
    Viscosity
    Stickiness
    Compressibility
    Springiness
    Density Altitude
    Density of air molecules at a given altitude
    Airfoil Shapes and Lift
    Wing or Airfoil?
    Airfoil is a shape
    designed to generate
    as much lift as
    possible while
    incurring as little drag
    as possible.
    The wing is attached
    to a plane and must
    take into consideration
    drag and the lift
    created.
    Angles and Airfoils
    Angle of Incidence
    The tilt of the wing with respect to its
    attachment to the body of the airplane
    (fuselage)
    Angles and Airfoils
    Angle of Attack
    The tilt of the airfoil with respect to the airflow
    Angles and Airfoils
    Tilt with
    respect to Airflow must remain
    airflow
    smooth
    Small angle of
    attack; air flows
    smooth on the
    surface
    Angles and Airfoils
    Angle of attack
    becomes too steep
    Airflow is disrupted
    and the airplane
    loses lift or stalls
    Critical Angle of
    Attack is the point
    where it stalls
    Angles and Airfoils
    Causes of stall
    Flying at too steep an angle
    Real-life flying situations
    Sudden gust of wind decreases the planes
    forward speed, decreasing the airflow over the
    wing
    Flying too slow (indicated airspeed)
    Wing icing
    Changes the shape of the airfoil
    Amount of Lift
    Amount of lift produced by an airfoil
    depends on may factors
    Angle of attack
    Lift devices used (flaps, etc.)
    Density of the air
    Area of the wing
    Shape of the wing
    Speed at which the wing is traveling
    Now follow along as we prove
    Bernoullis Principle is True!
    Image Resources
    Aerospaceweb.org. (2009). Ask-Us Parts of an airplane. Retrieved
    June 26, 2009, from
    http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/design/q0101.shtml

    Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved June 26, 2009, from
    http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (n.d.). Virtual


    skies: Aeronautics tutorial. Retrieved June 24, 2009, from
    http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/aeronautics/tutorial/intro.html

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (n.d.).


    FoilSimU beta version 1.5a. Retrieved June 19, 2009, from
    http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/aerosim/applet/vj402.html

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