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    Clutches, Brakes and Flywheels

    Uploaded by

    Nauman Khan
    The document discusses different types of clutches and brakes used in machines. It describes how clutches and brakes work to provide a frictional connection between rotating elements. The key points covered are: - Disk or plate clutches have friction linings on alternating plates and equations are provided to calculate the normal force and torque transmitted. - Disk brakes use the same equations as disk clutches with slightly higher torque values. - Cone clutches have inner and outer cone surfaces and require precisely aligned shafts but are simple in construction. - Factors like uniform wear, pressure distribution, and number of plates are considered in the equations. Examples are included to demonstrate the calculations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Clutches, Brakes and Flywheels

    Uploaded by

    Nauman Khan
    196 views23 pages
    The document discusses different types of clutches and brakes used in machines. It describes how clutches and brakes work to provide a frictional connection between rotating elements. The key points covered are: - Disk or plate clutches have friction linings on alternating plates and equations are provided to calculate the normal force and torque transmitted. - Disk brakes use the same equations as disk clutches with slightly higher torque values. - Cone clutches have inner and outer cone surfaces and require precisely aligned shafts but are simple in construction. - Factors like uniform wear, pressure distribution, and number of plates are considered in the equations. Examples are included to demonstrate the calculations.

    Original Description:

    Basic Machine Elements

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    The document discusses different types of clutches and brakes used in machines. It describes how clutches and brakes work to provide a frictional connection between rotating elements. The key points covered are: - Disk or plate clutches have friction linings on alternating plates and equations are provided to calculate the normal force and torque transmitted. - Disk brakes use the same equations as disk clutches with slightly higher torque values. - Cone clutches have inner and outer cone surfaces and require precisely aligned shafts but are simple in construction. - Factors like uniform wear, pressure distribution, and number of plates are considered in the equations. Examples are included to demonstrate the calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    196 views23 pages

    Clutches, Brakes and Flywheels

    Uploaded by

    Nauman Khan
    The document discusses different types of clutches and brakes used in machines. It describes how clutches and brakes work to provide a frictional connection between rotating elements. The key points covered are: - Disk or plate clutches have friction linings on alternating plates and equations are provided to calculate the normal force and torque transmitted. - Disk brakes use the same equations as disk clutches with slightly higher torque values. - Cone clutches have inner and outer cone surfaces and require precisely aligned shafts but are simple in construction. - Factors like uniform wear, pressure distribution, and number of plates are considered in the equations. Examples are included to demonstrate the calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    CLUTCHES, BRAKES AND FLYWHEELS

    Machine Design I
    Introduction
    Clutches and brakes are essentially same device.
    Provides a frictional, magnetic, hydraulic or mechanical connection between two
    elements.
    If both connected elements can rotate , it is termed as clutch.
    If one element rotates and other element is fixed, it is called a brake.

    http://nptel.ac.in/courses/116102012/Flash/Ani-8.3.swf
    Introduction
    Dynamic representation of clutch or brake is shown in figure.
    Two inertias I1 and I2, traveling at respective angular velocities w1 and w2.
    In case of brake one of them is zero.

    For performance analysis , we are interested in


    The actuating force.
    The torque transmitted
    The energy loss
    The temperature rise.
    Introduction
    Torque transmitted is related to actuating force, the coefficient of friction and the
    geometry of the clutch or brake.
    Disk or Plate Clutch
    Single friction disk clutch consists of two disks or flanges or plates .One of the
    disks (friction disk) is lined with friction material. It is also called as Single plate
    friction clutch.
    Disk or Plate Clutch
    Used in both automotive and industrial service.
    Assume that the parts are sufficiently rigid to give uniform wear over the lining,
    and the wear is proportional to the product of velocity and the pressure.
    Velocity is also proportional to the radius r
    Disk or Plate Clutch
    Consider an element ring of radius , r and radii thickness r.
    Cross-sectional area of the element is
    A= 2rr
    F= 2rrp
    Frictional force Ff= 2rrp
    Assumption
    Uniform wear theory
    Uniform wear is taking place over the lining , and the wear is proportional to
    product of velocity and the pressure.
    Since the velocity is proportional to the radius r of the element, we can write as
    =
    Where is the wear, and K is a constant.
    Since is constant for the entire face, max pressure will occur at smallest or
    inner radius "ri"
    so we can also write
    =
    Equating both the equations we get


    p=

    Force
    Total normal force Fn which must be exerted by the actuating spring is found by
    multiplying area with the pressure.


    Fn =

    Fn = 2pmax ri (ro ri)


    Torque
    Torque is found by multiplying the force on the element by the coefficient of
    friction and the radius, and integrating over the area.
    Disk or Plate clutch
    Multiple-disk clutch have friction lining on facing sides of alternate plates.
    Since the above equation gives torque for single face.
    For multiple faces, this quantity must be multiplied by the number of faces to find
    the torque of the entire clutch.
    Disk or Plate clutch
    The derived equations are valid and applicable when the parts of the clutch are
    very rigid, so that the wear is uniform over the lining.
    Uniform Pressure consideration
    Suppose alternate type of construction is used in which the clutch lining is
    attached to flexible plates, so that the pressure p is uniform over the entire
    surface.
    The total axial force required for operation is

    And the torque is


    Example 1
    Example 2
    Disk Brakes
    The same equation that were derived for disc clutches are applicable to disk
    brakes.
    A detailed analysis of the disk brake gives equations which results in torque that
    are slightly larger than those resulting from clutch equations.

    For better cooling the disk is made hollow with an air stream flowing between.
    Example
    Cone Clutch
    Cone clutches are friction clutches.
    They are simple in construction and are easy to disengage.
    However, the driving and driven shafts must be perfectly coaxial for efficient
    functioning of the clutch.
    This requirement is more critical for cone clutch compared to single plate friction
    clutch.
    A cone clutch consists of two working surfaces, viz., inner and outer cones,
    http://nptel.ac.in/courses/116
    102012/Flash/Ani-8.5.swf

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