ARTS OF THE

NEO-CLASSICS
AND ROMANTIC
PERIOD
LESSON
1
INDIVIDUAL
ACTIVITY
Describe the following
pictures according to
the basic elements of
arts such as to lines,
colors, shapes and
texture.
LION OF LUCERNE
 THESEUS SLAYING MINOTAUR
(A. Barye) PHOTO TAKEN BY Chhe2010
 SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY HALL
PHOTO TAKEN BY ACLARADO
 INSANE WOMAN (T. Gricault)
IMAGE FROM MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS OF LYON
 NATIONAL MUSEUM
PHOTO TAKEN BY CNGM 2013
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE (J. Ingres)
IMAGE FROM MUSEE DE L'ARMEE, PARIS, FRANCE
Neoclassicism and Romanticism
were the movements after the
Rococo period that flourished
across Western Europe and the
United States which spanned
approximately from the late
eighteenth to the nineteenth
centuries.
NEOCLASSICISM,
1780-1840
The word neoclassic came
from the Greek word neos
meaning new and the
Latin word classicus which
is similar in meaning to
the English phrase first
class.
 The Western movement in
decorative and visual arts was
called Neoclassicism. It also
applies to literature, theater,
music, and architecture that
were influenced by the classical
art and culture of Ancient
Greece and Ancient Rome.
 The Neoclassical movement
coincided with the 18th century
Age of Reason also known as
the Age of Enlightenment. The
art style in this period was
brought about by the renewed
interest in Greek and Roman
classics.
 Neoclassical art pieces
such as paintings,
sculpture and architecture
generally portrayed
Roman history which
elevated the Roman
heroes.
 Characteristics:
- portrayal of Roman history
- formal composition
- the use of diagonals to show the peak of an
emotion or moment (versus a regular
moment)
- local color
- overall lighting
- classic geo-structure
Neoclassicism: Classicism:
This is the renewed This is the period in which
interest in classical ideals Greek and Roman
and forms that influenced principles and styles were
European and American reflected in society.
society through idea,
politics and fine arts
during the 18th and 19th
century. It also refers to
the art forms created
after but inspired by the
ancient times. This period
was derived from the
Classicism movement.
 Be careful not to interchange
the two terms. Classicism refers
to the art forms produced in
antiquity or inspired by it
afterward, while Neoclassicism
always refers to the art forms
inspired by ancient times, but
created later.
NEOCLASSICAL
PAINTING
 Neoclassical artists
embraced the ideals of order
and moderation in which
artistic interpretations of
classic Greek and Roman
history were restored to
realistic portrayals.
Neoclassical painters gave great
importance to the costumes,
settings and details of classical
subject-matter without adding
distracting details but with as
much historical accuracy as
possible.
NEO-CLASSICAL
ARTISTS
 SELF-PORTRAIT OF
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
IMAGE FROM LOUVRE MUSEUM
 JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
(1748-1825) France
Jacques-Louis David was an
influential French painter in
the Neoclassical style, and
considered to be the pre-
eminent painter of the era. His
subjects of paintings were
more on history.
 Famous
Artworks:
THE DEATH OF MARAT
(J. David)
IMAGE FROM
Royal
Museums
of Fine Arts
of Belgium
 Davids masterpiece
shows the portrayal of a
revolutionary martyr. This
is a painting of the
murdered French
revolutionary leader Jean-
Paul Marat.
 NAPOLEON CROSSING
THE ALPS
(J. David) IMAGE FROM
Muse national du
chteau de Malmaison
The painting that showed a
strongly idealized view of
the real crossing that
Napoleon and his army
made across the Alps
through the Great St.
Bernard Pass in May 1800.
 OATH OF THE HORATII (J. David)
IMAGE FROM TOLEDO MUSEUM OF ART
It was a large painting that depicts a
scene from a Roman legend about
the dispute between Rome and
Alba Longa. The three brothers, all
of whom appear willing to sacrifice
their lives for the good of Rome, are
shown saluting their father who
holds their swords out for them.
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
(1780-1867) France
 Ingres was a pupil of
Jacques-Louis David. He
was influenced by Italian
Renaissance painters like
Raphael, Nicolas Pousin,
Botticelli, and his mentor,
Jacques-Louis David.
 His paintings were usually
nudes, portraits and
mythological themes. He
was regarded as one of the
great exemplars of academic
art and one of the finest Old
Masters of his era.
 Famous
Artworks:
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLON ON THE
IMPERIAL THRONE (J. Ingres)
 The painting depicts Napoleon in his
decadent coronation costume, seated
upon his golden-encrusted throne,
hand resting upon smooth ivory balls.
During his reign, the painting was
owned by the Corps Legislatif which
was a part of the French Legislature.
The painting was believed to be
commissioned by Napoleon as King of
Italy.
 THE
OF
MER

(J. Ingres)
 The painting was a state-
commission by Charles X to
have him remembered in the
building works of the Louvre.
The painting depicts an image
of Homer, receiving all the
brilliant men of Rome, Greece,
and contemporary times.
 REFLECTION:
1. What can you say
about Neoclassical
Period?
2. What are the
characteristics of the
Neoclassical paintings?
LESSON
2
NEOCLASSICAL
SCULPTURES
The Neoclassical period was
one of the great ages of
public sculpture. Artists
looked to Roman styles
during the time of
Alexander the Great for
inspiration as well as to
ANTONIO CANOVA
(1757-1822) Italy
 Canova was a prolific Italian artist
and sculptor who became famous
for his marble sculptures that
delicately rendered nude flesh.
He opened the idea for portraying
discrete sexual pleasures by using
pure contours with his mythological
compositions.
 Famous
artworks:
PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPIDS KISS
A marble sculpture
portraying the
relationship of
Psyche and Cupid.
WASHINGTON
 This is a marble
sculpture of
Washington currently
displayed at North
Carolina Museum of
History.
BERTEL THORVALDSEN
(1789-1838) Denmark
 Thorvaldsen was the first
internationally acclaimed
Danish artist. He executed
sculptures of mythological
and religious themes
characters.
 Famous
Artworks:
CHRIST (B. Thorvaldsen)
 A marble sculpture
image of resurrected
Christ currently
located at the
Thorvaldsen
Museum.
LION OF LUCERNE (B. Thorvaldsen)
A sculpture of a dying lion
in Lucerne, Switzerland
that commemorates the
Swiss Guards who were
massacred in 1792 during
the French Revolution.
 REFLECTION:
1. What are the
characteristics of the
Neoclassical sculptures?
2. How do the artists
convey their ideas in their
artworks?
NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
Neoclassical architectural styles started
in the mid-18th century. It turned away
from the grandeur of Rococo style and
the Late Baroque. In its purest form,
Neoclassical architecture was a style
principally derived from the
architecture of Classical Greece and
Rome and the architectural designs of
the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
 Types of
Neoclassical
Architecture:
 TEMPLE STYLE
Temple style building design was based on an
ancient temple. These buildings were
uncommon during the Renaissance as
architects of that period focused mainly on
applying classical elements to churches and
modern buildings like palazzos and villas.
Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle
(a continuous line of columns around a
building), a rare feature of Renaissance
architecture
 Most famous
Temple Style
buildings of the
Neoclassical age:
PANTHEON, Paris, by Jacques-Germain
Soufflot
BRITISH MUSEUM, London, Robert Smirke
LA MADELEINE DE PARIS, by Pierre-
Alexandre Vignon
 PALLADIAN STYLE
Palladian buildings were based on Andrea
Palladios style of villa construction. Some of
the buildings feature a balustrade which is a
railing with vertical supports along the edge of
the roof. There are vertical supports within a
balustrade known as balusters or spindles.
It is also a classical method of crowning a
building that has a flat or low lying roof. One
of the famous architects in the era was:
 ROBERT ADAM
(1728-1792) Britain
He was known as the Palladian
architect of the Neoclassical who
designed two well-known
American civic buildings- The
White House and the United
States Capitol. He had also
designed many country houses.
WHITE HOUSE
UNITED STATES CAPITOL
These mansions illustrate
that while Palladian
architecture shares
certain basic features,
(derived from the villas of
Palladio) it takes diverse
forms.
 CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE
The building features a rectangular or
square plan, with a flat roof and an
exterior rich in classical detail. The
exterior features a repeated classical
pattern or series of arches and/or
columns. The overall impression of such
a building was a huge, classically-
decorated rectangular block.
Classical block aesthetic was
also known as Beaux-Arts
style, since it was
developed principally by the
French cole des Beaux-Arts
(School of Fine Arts).
 Classical block
architecture also
flourished in the United
States, particularly in
New York.
 Famous
Architects of this
architectural
style were:
 A. HENRI
LABROUSTE - His
masterpiece is the
Library of Sainte-
Genevive.
LIBRARY OF SAINTE-GENEVIVE (H.
Labrouste)
B. CHARLES GARNIER
He designed the most
famous classical block
of all which is the Palais
Garnier (a Neobaroque
opera house).
PALAIS GARNIER PARIS OPERA HOUSE (C.
Garnier)
 OTHER
BUILDINGS IN
CLASSICAL BLOCK
STYLE:
NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY BY: CARRERE
& HASTINGS ARCHITECTURAL FIRM, 1895
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY BY: CHARLES
FOLLEN MCKIM, 1895
 REFLECTION:
1. What can you say about Neoclassical
architecture?
2. What are the characteristics of each
of the different styles of Neoclassical
buildings?
3. Give some examples of buildings
that have the influences of the
architectural style of Neoclassicism in
our country.
 Romanticism was a movement in
which the artists of Neoclassical
period sought to break new ground
in the expression of emotion, both
subtle and stormy. It embraced a
number of distinctive themes, such
as a longing for history,
supernatural elements, social
injustices, and nature.
 Landscape painting also
became more popular due to
the peoples romantic
adoration of nature.
Romanticism was a reaction to
the classical, contemplative
nature of Neoclassical pieces.
 Characteristics:
- shows the height of action
- emotional extremes
- celebrated nature as out of
control
- dramatic compositions
- heightened sensation (life and
death moments)
 ROMANTIC
PAINTING
(Portraits/Figures)
 The paintings of the
Romantic period gave
more emphasis on
emotion. Artists
expressed as much feeling
and passion as it could be
on a canvas.
PAINTERS OF THE
ROMANTIC
PERIOD
JEAN LOUIS THODORE GRICAULT
(1791-1824) France
 Gricault was the first
French master and the
leader of the French realistic
school. His masterpieces
were energetic, powerful,
brilliantly colored, and
tightly composed
 Famous
Artworks:
THE RAFT OF THE MEDUSA (T. Gricault)
 The Raft of the Medusa
portrays the victims of a
contemporary shipwreck.
The people on this raft
were French emigrants en
route to West Africa.
CHARGING CHASSEUR (T. Gricault)
 His first major work
revealed the influence of
the style of Rubens and
an interest in the
depiction of
contemporary subject
matter.
INSANE WOMAN (T. Gricault)
 One of several
portraits Gericault
made of the mentally
disabled that has a
peculiar hypnotic
power.
EUGNE DELACROIX
(1798-1863) France
Delacroix was considered the greatest
French Romantic painter of all. He
achieved brilliant visual effects using
small, adjacent strokes of contrasting
color.
He was the most influential to most of
Romantic painters and eventually, his
technique was adopted and extended
by the Impressionist artists.
Famous
Artwork:
LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE (E.
Delacroix)
 This painting commemorates
the July Revolution of 1830,
which toppled King Charles X of
France. A woman holding the
flag of the French Revolution
personifies Liberty and leads
the people forward over the
bodies of the fallen,.
FRANCISCO GOYA
(1746-1828) Spain
 Francisco Goya was a
commissioned Romantic
painter by the King of Spain.
He was also a printmaker
regarded both as the last of
the Old Masters and the
first of the Moderns.
 Famous
Artworks:
THE THIRD OF MAY (F. Goya)
 The Third of May is Goyas
masterpiece that sought to
commemorate Spanish
resistance to Napoleon's
armies during the
occupation of 1808 in the
Peninsular War. (Wikipedia)
SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON
 This artwork depicts the
Greek myth of the Titan
Cronus (Saturn), who fears
that he would be
overthrown by one of his
children, so he ate each one
upon their birth. (Wikipedia)
THE BURIAL OF SARDINE
 The "Burial of the Sardine"
was a Spanish ceremony
celebrated on Ash
Wednesday and was a
symbolical burial of the past
to allow society to be
reborn, transformed with
ROMANTIC
PAINTING
(Landscape
Painting)
Landscape painting depicts the physical
world that surrounds us and includes
features such as mountains, valleys,
vegetation, and bodies of water. The
sky is another important element
shaping the mood of landscape
paintings. Landscape art ranges from
highly detailed and realistic to
impressionistic, romantic and idealized.
 Famous landscape
artists during the
Romantic Period:
1. Thodore Rousseau
2. Jean-Baptiste-
Camille Corot
 They were members of
the Barbizon School (a
circle of artists who held
meetings in the village of
Barbizon) that led the
Romantic landscape
painting in France.
THE CHURCH OF MARISSEL, NEAR
BEAUVAIS
LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES
(J. Corot)
DER KLEINE FISCHER
(T. Rousseau)
LANDSCAPE WITH A PLOWMAN
(T. Rousseau)
 REFLECTION:
1. What can you say about the
Romantic Period?
2. What are the characteristics of the
Romantic paintings?
3. What are the ideas or themes that
were portrayed in their art?
4. How do the artists convey their ideas
in their art?
ROMANTIC
SCULPTURE
 Romantic sculpture can be
divided into works that concern
about the human world and
those that concern the natural
world. The leading sculptors of
each type were Rude and
Barye, respectively.
 FRANOIS RUDE
(1784-1855) France
Franois Rude was best known for his
social art which aimed to inspire and
capture the interest of a broad public.
He rejected the classical repose of the
late 18th- and early 19th-century
French sculpture in favour of a
dynamic, emotional style and created
many monuments that stirred the
public for generations.
 Famous
Artworks:
DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS
(F. Rude)
 Known as La
Marseillaise, this work
portrays the goddess
liberty urging the forces
of the French
Revolution onward.
JEANNE DARC
(F. Rude)
ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE
(1796-1875) France
He was the most famous
animal sculptor of all
time. He studied the
anatomy of his subjects
by sketching residents of
the Paris zoo.
Famous
works:
1. Hercules Sitting
on a Bull
2. Theseus Slaying
the Minotaur
 REFLECTION:
1. What can you say about
Romantic sculptures?
2. What are the
characteristics of Romantic
sculptures?
3. How do the artists convey
 Gothic Revival, also
referred to as Victorian
Gothic or Neo-Gothic, is
an architectural
movement that began in
the late 1740s in England.
 Many of Neogothic buildings
feature castellation in which the
walls and towers are crenellated in
imitation of medieval castles.
Indeed, heavily castellated
Neogothic buildings have been
often referred to as castles, even
though they never served as a
defensive structure.
 Among them was
Strawberry Hill
(demolished and
restored), the most
famous work of the
decorative phase of the
Gothic Revival.
STRAWBERRY HILL, LONDON (Restored)
Chiswick Chap2012
 Gothic Revival became
widely used for churches
and civic buildings
throughout the West,
especially in Britain and the
United States. Bricks and
stones were both commonly
Architects who
used Neogothic
Style:
 1. CHARLES BARRY was
the name behind Britains
foremost Gothic Revival
monument, the
Westminster Palace
(a.k.a. the Houses of
Parliament).
WESTMINSTER PALACE (LONDON)
 2. JAMES RENWICK
Renwicks crowning
American work: the
St. Patricks Cathedral
(New York).
ST. PATRICKS CATHEDRAL
(MANHATTAN)
 REFLECTION:
1. What can you say about Gothic
Revival architecture?
2. What are the characteristics of the
Gothic Revival architecture?
3. Give some example of buildings that
have the influences of the architectural
style of Gothic Revival here in the
Philippines.
 NEOCLASSICISM
and
ROMANTICISM in
the Philippines
Here in the Philippines, the ideology
of Neoclassicism and Romanticism
can be seen through various major
artworks such as paintings,
sculptures and architectural
structures. Some of the well-known
contributing artists express their
skills and ideas in their own
respective field of specialization.
FLIX RESURRECCIN HIDALGO Y
PADILLA (1855-1913)
Felix Hidalgo was one of the great
Filipino painters of the late 19th
century who was significant in the
Philippine history for inspiring
members of the Philippine reform
movement.
THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS BEING EXPOSED TO
The painting portrays two
scantily clothed Christian
female slaves being
mocked by a group of
boorish Roman male
onlookers.
 JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO
(1857-1899)
Juan Luna was a painter and
sculptor, who became one of the
first recognized Philippine artists.
He was also a political activist of
the Philippine Revolution during
the late 19th century.
 One of his famous artwork was the
Spoliarium. Spoliarium is a Latin word
referring to the basement of the
Roman Colosseum wherein the fallen
and dying gladiators were dumped and
devoid of their worldly possessions.
The painting features a glimpse of
Roman history centered on the bloody
carnage brought by gladiatorial
matches.
SPOLIARIUM (J. Luna)
 The subject of Lunas Spoliarium
can be interpreted as an allegory of
Imperial Rome corresponding to
Imperial Spain. The image of the
Romans dragging the dead
gladiators symbolizes the colonial
oppression of the indigenous
populations.
 FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO
(1892-1972)
Amorsolo was a National Artist in
Painting. He was a portraitist and
painter of rural Philippine
landscapes, and he was popularly
known for his craftsmanship and
mastery of the use of light.
PLANTING RICE WITH MAYON
VOLCANO (F. Amorsolo)
 GUILLERMO ESTRELLA
TOLENTINO (18901976)
Tolentino is a Filipino sculptor
who was named National Artist
for the Visual Arts in 1973, and
is hailed as the Father of
Philippine Arts.
Famous Artworks:
The Original Oblation at the 3rd floor of the
PAMBANSANG BANTAYOG NI ANDRES
BONIFACIO (G. Tolentino)
 NAPOLEN ISABELO VELOSO
ABUEVA
Abueva is a National artist for
Sculpture. He was entitled as the
"Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture". He has been the only
Boholano to be given the distinction
of National Artist of the Philippines
in the field of Visual Arts.
SIYAM NA DIWATA NG SINING
 There is an article on the internet
by R.G. Chan & Associates that
discusses some of the Neoclassical
and Romantic Architecture during
the American colonization in the
Philippines. Shown below are the
pictures of some buildings built that
time.