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EC-ASEAN Workshop in Singapore 18

May 2004
 New Approach Directives
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Horizontal NA directives
electric/electronic equipment
Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 73/23/EEC
El. apparatus 75-1500 VAC & 50-1000VDC
EMC Directive (EMCD) 89/336/EEC
Electrical apparatus and systems
(no limits regarding power)
 Other NA Directives including EMC
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CE marking directives (New Approach)

93/42/EEC Medical devices
90/385/EEC Active implantable medical devices
98/79/EC In vitro diagnostic medical devices
90/384/EEC Non-automatic weighing instruments*
Draft Dir. Measuring instruments*
96/98/EC Marine equipment
99/5/EC Radio and TTE equipment
* includes immunity requirements only
 Other Directives including EMC
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e marking directives (Old Approach)

95/54/EC EMC Directive for motor vehicles
and separate technical units (STU)
/ el. sub-assemblies (ESA)
97/24/EC EMC Directive for two or three-
wheel motor vehicles
and separate technical units
95/56/EC Alarm systems & immobilizers
 Why EMC?
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Electromagnetic interference problems

are enhanced by the rapid development
and increased use of electronics
sensitive electronic circuitry
increased speed (clock frequencies)
complex system integration
plastic cabinets are used instead of metallic
increased use of radio & telecommunications
 EMC concerns all el. apparatus
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Electronic equipment is always to some degree

susceptible to electromagnetic phenomena in its
environment
Electronic, electrical and electromechanical
apparatus and systems using electromagnetic
energy cause electromagnetic disturbances
 EMI threats
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Hz - kHz - MHz MHz - Microwaves

Power lines Inductive
Thyristor control loads Ignition systems
Lightning Digital clocks
SMPS (switched mode Broadcasting NMT
power supplies) & GSM Radio LAN
DC/DC-converters ISM equipment
Fluorescent lamps Radar
Electric motors
 EMI problems
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Hospital equipment fails due to a LF magnetic

field caused by ground currents in a water pipe
A patient coupled infusion pump is damaged by
an electrostatic discharge caused by a nurse
A blood pressure control system fails due to EMI
caused by a plastic welding machine used for a
surgical operation
A wheelchair runs out of control due to a mobile
radio used in its vicinity
 EMI problems
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A robot runs amuck due to interference from

a radio control transmitter used in its vicinity
A crane drops the load due to a mobile radio
used in truck parked nearby
The navigation system in an aircraft gives the
wrong course due to interference, probably
caused by a portable PC used by a passenger
 EC legislation
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Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 may 1989

on the approximation of the laws
of the member states relating to
Electromagnetic Compatibility

EMC Directive

Amended by 92/31/EEC (allowing transitional period)

Amended by 93/68/EEC (the CE marking Directive)
Art 10(4) overruled by 98/13/EC (SES &TTED)
Art 10(5) overruled by 99/5/EC (R & TTED)
 The EMC Directive
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Published 1989
In force since 1992
Mandatory since 1996

www.newapproach.org/directiveList.asp
 Scope of the EMCD
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In particular, the following product groups are covered:

- information technology equipment
- industrial manufacturing equipment
- mobile radio equipment
- commercial radiotelephone equipment
- radio and television broadcast transmitters
- domestic radio and TV receivers
- domestic appliances (household equipment)
- lights and fluorescent lamps
- educational electronic equipment
 Scope of the EMCD
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Apparatus excluded from the EMCD by specific Directives:

Motor vehicles (72/245/EEC)

Active implantable medical devices (90/385/EEC)
Medical devices (93/42/EEC)
In vitro diagnostic medical devices (98/79/EEC)
Marine equipment (96/98/EEC)
Aircraft as far as covered by regulation 3922/91
 Scope of the EMCD
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Apparatus partially excluded from the EMCD:

Agricultural and forestry tractors

Emission aspects Directive 75/332/EEC
Immunity aspects EMCD

Non-automatic weighing instruments

Emission aspects EMCD
Immunity aspects Directive 90/385/EEC
 Art 4 Essential requirements
according to the EMCD
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The apparatus shall be so constructed that

the electromagnetic disturbances it generates

does not exceed a level allowing radio & telecom

equipment or other electrical/electronic apparatus to
operate as intended
it has an adequate level of intrinsic immunity to
electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to operate
as intended
 Electrical safety & EMC requirements
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LVD (Safety of Low Voltage equipment)

to ensure safe electrical equipment
safety of persons, domestic animals & property
EMCD (Electromagnetic Compatibility)
to create an acceptable electromagnetic environment
not to guarantee absolute protection of apparatus
 Contents of the EMCD
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Introduction
Scope of the EMC directive
Essential requirements
Conformity assessment procedures
Implementation by EU Member States
Additional practical information
 EMC terminology
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Emission Immunity\Susceptibility
CE/RE CS/RS
Conducted / Radiated disturbances
M S
E E
susceptibility
electrostatic S discharge
EM D I
I R F
Radio Frequency interference
EM interference
 EMC terminology
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Electromagnetic Compatibility

The ability of an equipment or a system to function

satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic
disturbances to anything in that environment

Ref: IEV 161-01-07 (IEC 61000-4-1)

 EMC terminology
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Electromagnetic Compatibility Level

The specified electromagnetic disturbance level used as
reference level for co-ordination in the setting of emission
and immunity limits

Ref: IEV 161-03-10 (IEC 61000-4-1)

 EMC terminology
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Electromagnetic disturbance Any

electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the
performance of a device, equipment or a system, or
adversely affect living or inert matter
Electromagnetic interference Degradation of the
performance of an equipment, transmission channel or
system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance

Ref: IEV 161-01-01 & 06 (IEC 61000-4-1)

 Disturbances
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Mains voltage variations

Harmonics & flicker
Ground currents
Line conducted transients
Humming noise
Magnetic fields
Electric fields
Electromagnetic waves
 Conformity Assessment
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CE Marking
EC Declaration of conformity (DoC)
Technical (Construction) File
Report or Certificate from Competent Body . .- in
certain cases
Certificate from Notified Body
.- in certain cases
 Declaration of conformity (DoC)
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Identification of the apparatus
Reference to specifications Self
i o n
Standard / Class lar a t
de c
Reference documents
TCF, where appropriate
EC type-examination certificate, where appropriate
Signature with identification of the signatory
empowered to bind the manufacturer or his/her
authorised representative
The last two digits of the year for CE marking
 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY - an example
according to
the EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC,
including amendments by the CE marking Directive, 93/68/EEC
Type of equipment
Brand name or trade mark
Type designation
Manufacturer
Address
Manufacturer's representative within the EEA (for manufacturer outside EEA)

The following harmonised European standard/s have been applied:

Standards Test reports issued by References
.. .. ..
If applicable, reference to technical report, TCF, certificate or EC type examination certificate.

Additional information
One of the following, depending on how compliance is shown with the EMC Directive:
- The product complies with the harmonised EMC standards listed above.
- The product complies with the essential requirements of the EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC,
as shown in technical construction file . approved / certified by the Competent Body: .
- The manufactured products are in accordance with the product for which
an EC type examination certificate has been obtained from the Notified Body: .. .
.
As manufacturer / the manufacturer's authorised representative established within the EEA, we declare
under our sole responsibility that the equipment follows the provisions of the Directives stated above.

January 1, 2000 January 1, 2000

Manufacturer Manufacturer's representative

_________________________ _________________________
< Clarification of name > < Clarification of name >
< Position of person signing > < Position of person signing >
 Conformity assessment procedures
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Art 10.1 Harmonized standards route

Technical File
Art 10.2 TCF route
Report or certificate from
Competent Body (CB)
Art 10.5 EC type examination route
EC-type examination certificate
from Notified Body (NB)
 Art. 10(1) & 10(2)
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Application of harmonized standards?

yes no (partly)
10(1) 10(2)

TCF
CB report / certificate

CE MARKING CE MARKING
EC DoC EC DoC
 Art 10(1)
CA procedure
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The manufacturer applies harmonized standards

- The manufacturer ensures and declares that the
apparatus concerned conforms to the applicable
harmonized standards
- The manufacturer affixes the CE marking and
draws the EC declaration of conformity
 Harmonized EMC standards
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Application of harmonized standards is voluntary

Presumption of conformity to directive requirement
in case of compliance with harmonized standards
Harmonized standards reflect the state of the art for
covered issue
Consolidated lists of harmonized standards
are published in the Official Journal
 Art 10(2)
CA procedure
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The manufacturer does not apply harmonized standards,

or applies them only in part:
- The manufacturer ensures and declares that the
apparatus satisfies the protection requirements of
the EMC Directive
- The manufacturer prepares a Technical
Construction File including a technical report or
certificate obtained from a Competent Body
- The manufacturer affixes the CE marking and
draws the EC declaration of conformity
 Technical Construction File (TCF)
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Identification of the apparatus & the manufacturer

Technical description of the apparatus
Technical rational that justifies why the apparatus
meets the requirements of the EMC Directive
Test data
Certificate or Report from a Competent Body

The basis of the TCF should be agreed between

the Manufacturer and the CB in advance
 Technical Description
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Block Diagrams
Circuit Diagrams
Component Listings
Description of interfaces
Description of main assemblies
Identification of main suppliers
Installation Instructions & Manuals

The TCF could range from one page to

several volumes
 The TCF route
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When reference is made to a non-harmonized standard

When a harmonized standard is applied in part only
When the generic or product (family) standards have
been applied to the product itself but test methods are
applied which deviate from those contained in the
standards
In such a case, the CB will need to review those test
methods, and may insist on performing tests of its own
 The TCF route
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When a product has a number of variations or options,

not all of which are covered by identifiable standards
When testing is based on in situ tests on the premises
of the manufacturer or the user and where the circum-
stances do not permit the application of test methods
as described in the standards
 TCF Checklist
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Brand name, model no

Manufacturer's name and address and,
when appropriate, the authorised representative
Intended environment for use
Technical rationale for the TCF
Technical description of apparatus (ev. photographs)
and, when appropriate, comparison to ref. apparatus
User / installation manuals
Any other functional description beyond the manual
Test data and, when appropriate, theoretical studies
 Art 10(5)
CA procedure
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Radiocommunication transmitters
Ex: Air traffic management equipment
- EC-type examination certificate from a Notified Body
- The manufacturer declares that the series of
manufactured apparatus is in conformity with the type
- The manufacturer affixes the CE marking and draws
the EC declaration of conformity
 EMC certification
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Certain radio transmitting devices require EC type

approval / certification by a Notified Body
(EMCD: Art 10.5)
Motor vehicles and separate technical units require
certification by an accredited lab appointed as
Technical Services
Certain medical devices require certification by a
Notified Body
 Slimming the EMC Directive
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Industry groups as well as some Member States

have proposed to improve and clarify the EMC
directive, without adding to the costs for
industry
A Standards Review Panel has been set up to
rationalise the application of EMC standards
There is proposal to remove the role of
Competent Bodies, to increase the possibility
for self declarations
 Slimming the EMC Directive
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Horizontal vs. Vertical Directives

Standards - their relevance and applicability
Installations
External devices and connecting devices
Conformity Assessment Procedures
Safeguards

SLIM: Community Programme for

Simple Legislation for the Internal Market
 Slimming the EMC Directive
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The technical documentation may

optionally include a report from a
notified body confirming that the
conformity of the apparatus with the
relevant essential requirements set
out in Annex 1 has been correctly
performed - no Competent Bodies
 Emission & Immunity
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The apparatus has

The electromagnetic an adequate level of
disturbance intrinsic immunity
generated does not to operate as
exceed a level intended - without
allowing other degradation of
apparatus to operate performance in the
as intended as presence of
intended electromagnetic
disturbances
 v.3
Guidelines
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1997

The Guide on the application of the EMC Directive

as well as harmonized standards can be found via
the Commission web site:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/
electr_equipment/emc/guides/emcguide.htm
 Decision Flow Chart
Excluded from the EMC Directive EQUIPMENT

No Contains electrical/electronic
components?

Yes EMC covered by a product

related directive?
Yes Passive EM equipment?
Yes
Explicitly listed in the EMCD?
Yes
Covered by harmonized std?
Yes Excluded equipment? No
 Finished Instal-
Component System
product lation
Excluded

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No Direct
function?

No Placed on the market as

a single commercial unit
for final use?
Yes Yes
All provisions of the EMCD are mandatory

Mandatory provision: Mandatory provision:

Instructions for use Article 4 of the EMCD
 Equipment covered by the directive
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Components with a direct function

Apparatus / Finished products
Systems
Installations
 Scope
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Criteria for exemption

The emission level is by the inherent
nature of physical characteristics and
mode of operation far below the most
stringent limits of the relevant EMC
standards
 Scope
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Criteria for exemption

Experience shows that an apparatus
functions satisfactorily without
additional measures, when used as
instructed by the manufacturer in its
intended environment
 Examples on exempted apparatus
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Fuses
Circuit breakers
High voltage inductors
High voltage transformers
Induction motors
Quartz wrist watches
Filament lamps (bulbs)
 Electromagnetically passive (passive EM)
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Passive EM apparatus are excluded from the

scope of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC

Equipment is considered passive EM if, when used

as intended and without any user intervention, it
does not create any switching or oscillation of
current or voltage and is not affected by EM
disturbances
 Passive EM equipment
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Cables and cables accessories

Equipment containing only resistive loads
without any switching devices
Batteries and accumulators
 Components without direct function
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Electrical/electronic components -
resistors, capacitors, coils - diodes,
transistors, triacs, IC:s
LED displays
Cables and cabling accessories
Plugs, sockets, terminal blocks
Simple mechanical thermostats
 Components with direct function*
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Plug-in cards for computer systems

Programmable logic controllers
Lift controls
Electric motors
Power supply units, where they take the
form of autonomous equipment
Electronic temperature controls

* to be used directly by an end user

 CE marking of components
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Components with a direct function shall be CE

marked if they are intended to be placed on the
market for distribution or use
Components with a direct function need not be
CE marked if they are not intended to be
placed on the market
 Components
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Components performing a direct function must

be designed in such a way that they become
fully EMC compliant when used / installed as
intended
The instructions accompanying the component
must therefore clearly indicate these
requirements
 Apparatus
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An apparatus composed of other apparatus and/or

components and which is a single commercial
unit, must fully comply with the EMC Directive
An illustrative example is a computer CPU
composed of a power supply, mother board, and
disk drive supplied in an enclosure
 Finished products
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A finished product is any device or unit

of equipment that always has a direct
function, an enclosure of its own and, if
applicable, ports and connections
intended for end-users
 System
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A system consisting of a combination of

finished products, and/or components,
intended to be placed on the market as a single
functional unit is to be regarded as a final
apparatus.
An illustrative example is a computer
consisting of a CPU, keyboard & monitor
 System
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A combination of several apparatus,

combined by a system manufacturer,
intended to be placed on the market as a single
functional unit for an end user,
&
intended to be installed and operated together
to perform a specific task
 CE + CE
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If each unit bears the CE marking taken

into account the expected electromagnetic
environment, the system as a whole does
not need to bear the CE marking
However, the system manufacturer must
provide the system with a DoC as well as
instructions for use
 Systems planning
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Be aware of that different system units may be

CE marked according to different standards,
why a system integrator must check that each
CE marked unit is fitted for the intended use and
environment of the system
EMC emission characteristics in a system add up,
why it is a good idea, when building a system, to
see to it that each CE marked unit has a certain
margin to the emission limit value
 Modular approach
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 Modular risk
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Combining two or more compliant sub-

assemblies may not automatically produce a
system which meets the EMC requirements
relevant for the intended use!
 Dag Bjrklf

All disturbance
 Worst case
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No further verification is needed

In case a variant does not introduce new EM
disturbances covered by the worst case
configuration(s) and does not deteriorate the
immunity compared with the worst case
configuration(s)
 EM relevant component
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A component that, due to its electromagnetic

characteristics, is liable to cause, or have its
performance degraded by, EM disturbances
such that it influences the EMC
characteristics of typical assemblies into
which it may be in-corporated
 EM irrelevant component
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A component that, due to its electromagnetic

characteristics, is neither liable to cause, nor
have its performance degraded by, EM
disturbances, such that it influences the EMC
characteristics of typical assemblies into which
it may be incorporated
 Examples
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The classification of components as EM

relevant or irrelevant is strictly related to the
application and may change from application
to application
Components that may be EM relevant:
cables, inductors, motors
 Adding components
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If the manufacturer adds new EM irrelevant

components to a configuration(s), that were
not included in a worst case apparatus, that
has been shown compliant,
he/she is not requested to carry out further
EMC verification before signing the DoC
 Installations
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EMC problems in apparatus, when used in a

fixed installation, are solved on a case by
case basis,
by co-operation between manufacturers of
parts incorporated into the installation, the
user and, on some occasions, an installation
contracting company.
 Installations
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Movable installations are to be seen as

systems and require DoC & CE marking
Fixed installations need not be declared
or CE marked
 Systems and installations
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A
Asystem
system or
or an
an installation
installation
must
must comply
comply
with
with the
the essential
essential requirements
requirements of
of
the
the EMC
EMC Directive
Directive 89/336/EEC
89/336/EEC asas
defined
defined in
in Article
Article 44
 Systems and installations
Proposed requirement
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A fixed installation shall be installed

applying good engineering practice and
respecting the information on the intended
use of its components with a view to
meeting the essential protection
requirements (emission and immunity)
 Internet addresses
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IEC: www.iec.ch
CLC: www.cenelec.org
ETSI: www.etsi.org
 European standards
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EN European Norm
prEN Preliminary EN
CLC adopts international stds and develops some new stds:

European std Reference

EN 50 XXX CLC (CENELEC)
EN 55 XXX CISPR XXX
EN 60 XXX IEC XXX
EN 61 XXX IEC XXX
 EMC standards
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Generic or general standards

Product (family) standards
Basic standards
Guidelines
 Standards
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Generic, general and product (family) standards are

published in the Official Journal as harmonized to a
certain New Approach Directive.
Note that basic standards are not published in the
Official Journal.

If no product or product family standard exists a

general or generic standard takes preference.
Note that a product may fall under several standards.
 Date
DateofofCessation
Cessation
Date
DateofofWithdrawal
Withdrawal Std Am. /Mod.
Dag Bjrklf

Standards are constantly revised through

Amendments or Modifications, making the
standards game dynamic and a bit complex
A consolidated standard is defined by
- a dated standard (e.g. EN 55 013: 90)
- dated amendments / modifications
(e.g. A12:94 & A13:96 & A14:99 to EN 55013:90)
dop and dow dates are usually defined by the standards body
doc is defined when published in the Official Journal of EC
 Harmonized standards
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European harmonized standards

(published in the Official Journal as harmonized with a Directive)

play a key role, not just because they simplify the

conformity assessment procedure if used in full,
but also because they provide a harmonized
technical solution for analysis of Safety,
EMC, Radio & Telecom parameters
Harmonized EN standard lists are available at:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/
newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist.html
 CLC std dates
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DOA Date Of Announcement

latest date by which the existence of an EN/HD
has to be announced at national level
DOP Date Of Publication
latest date by which the EN has to be
implemented at national level
DOW Date Of Withdrawal
latest date by which national standards
conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn
 Std date stated in Official Journal
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DOC Date Of Cessation date of

cessation for presumption of con-formity
according to a superseded standard

Note that for product (family) standards without reference to

a superseded standard (generic standard has been used) and
the DOC has not yet expired, the generic standards also give
presumption of conformity
 CENELEC
Guide No 25 Referred stds
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Many standards listed in O.J.E.C specify requirements

indirectly by reference to basic stds or to other product
family stds, which then can be regarded as basic stds.

When the referred standard is a basic std, it will not

have been listed in the OJEC and consequently no doc
date is specified. Then either the superseded edition or
the new edition may be applied until dow date for the
new edition of the basic std .
 CENELEC
Guide No 25 Referred stds
Dag Bjrklf

Many standards listed in O.J.E.C specify requirements

indirectly by reference to basic stds or to other product
family stds, which then can be regarded as basic stds.

When the referred standard is a generic, product or

product-family std which have been listed in the OJEC,
then until the doc associated with the referred standard,
either edition of the referred std may be applied.
 DOW or DOC may be postponed
Dag Bjrklf

Ex.:
A12:1999 to EN 55020:1994
postponed to 1 August 2002
(adds immunity requirements for ESD, EFT and RF fields)
EN 55022:1998
postponed to 1 August 2003
(adds emission testing of telecom ports via ISNs)
A1:2000 to EN 55022:1998
postponed to 1 August 2003
(adds ferrite clamps or tubes for all non-used lines)
 Presumtion principle
Dag Bjrklf

Products must comply with the essential

requirements of relevant NA directives
Compliance with relevant harmonized
standard(s) gives presumption for
compliance with the essential requirements
 Presumtion principle
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A product may have to comply with safety and

protection requirements of several NA directives!
In case there is an overlap between the safety aspects
of different directives it might not be quite obvious
which directive to apply. E.g. is the safety aspects of a
hand-held electrical operated tool to be covered by the
machinery directive or/and the low voltage directive.
The lists of harmonized standards then may indicate
which directive(s) is(are) relevant.
 Ex: Motor-operated & heating appliances
Dag Bjrklf
Directives
- LVD 73/23/EEC The Low Voltage Directive
- EMCD 89/336/EEC The EMC Directive
- MD 98/37/EC The Machinery Directive
Standards
Safety EMC Machinery
EN 60 335-1 EN 55 014-1 EN 292-1, -2 EN 50
144-1 EN 55 014-2 EN 294
EN 61 029-1 EN 61 000-3-2EN 954-1 EN 61 558-1
EN 61 000-3-3 EN 1050
 Product standard series
covering EMC & safety
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Harmonized with EMCD and LVD:

EN 50 091 Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
EN 50 091-1 UPS, safety standard
EN 50 091-2 UPS, EMC standard
EN 50 091-3 UPS, General performance criteria
Harmonized with the Medical Device Directive:
EN 60 601 Medical devices (MD)
EN 60 601-1-2 MD. collateral EMC standard
EN 60 601-2-X Product specific MD
 Machinery safety standards
including EMC aspects
Dag Bjrklf

Harmonized with MD, the Machinery directive:

EN 1050 Principles for risk assessment
Includes general aspects on immunity
for machines and machine tools

Draft MD standard :
EN 50 370-2 Immunity for machine tools
 Safety standards for el. machines
Dag Bjrklf

Harmonized with the LVD and MD:

EN 60 204-1 Generic requirements
on electrical equipment of machines
Harmonized with MD:
EN 60 204-X Product specific requirements
Harmonized with the MD, Machinery directive:
EN 50 144-1 Safety of hand-held el. motor operated
tools
EN 50 144-2-X Product specific requirements
 Some industrial product
EMC standards
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Harmonized with the EMC Directive:

EN 50 199 Arc welding equipment
EN 61 800-3 Adjustable speed el. power drive systems
EN 60 947 - X Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
-1 --, General rule
-2 --, Circuit breakers
-3 --, Switches, disconnectors etc
...
 Generic EMC standards
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EN 55081-1:92 Generic emissions standard for

EN 61000-6-3:01** residential, commercial & light industry

EN 55081-2:93 Generic emissions standard for

EN 61000-6-4:01** industrial environment

EN 50082-1:97 Generic immunity standard for

EN 61000-6-1:01** residential, commercial & light industry

EN 50082-2:95 Generic immunity standard for

EN 61000-6-2:99* industrial environment
EN 61000-6-2:01**
*dow: 2002-04-01 **dow: 2004-07-01
 General product family EMC std
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LF emission std
EN 60 555-2 & 3: 1987 Harmonics & flicker
Disturbances in supply systems caused by household
appliances and similar el. equipment (< 16 A per phase)
EN 61000-3-2 & 3: 1995 Harmonics & flicker
Limits for harmonic current emissions & voltage fluctu-
ations in low-voltage supply systems (< 16 A per phase)
Covers not just only household appliances!
 General product family EMC std
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LF emission std
EN 61000-3-2: 2001 Harmonics (dow:2004-01-01)
Replaces EN 61000-3-2:1995 & A14:2000
Note that A14 and the revised standard redefines the
classification (A, B, C & D) of EN 61000-3-2:1995
Amendment A13 to EN 61000-3-3 Flicker

Introduces new test conditions for vacuum cleaners

 EN 61000-3-2 classes
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Class A: Balanced 3-phase equipment, household appliances,

tools (non-portable), dimmers, audio equipment etc.
Class B: Portable tools
Class C: Lighting equipment
Class D: Equipment having a specified power
less than or equal to 600 W ( 10 %)
of the following types:
- Personal computers and PC monitors
- Television receivers
 Third harmonics emission limits
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I3rd max [A] (150 Hz)

3.45 A Class B

2.30 A Class A

Class D

0.255A Class C*
Active Input Power
75W 600 W 1000 W
* I3rd max < 0.3 * * Ifund. (1st) where is the circuit power factor (typical: 0.5 - 0.8)
 Product family EMC std
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Emission / Immunity standards

EN 55022 / 24 IT equipment
EN 55013 / 20 Broadcast equipment
EN 55103 - 1 / 2 Professional audio & video eq.
EN 55014 - 1 / 2 Household apparatus
EN 55015 / 61547 Lighting equipment
EN 55011 / Generic std ISM Equipment
 Product family emission std
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EN 55011:98 ISM equipment (: EN 55 011:91)

CISPR 11:97 (Industrial, Scientific & Medical eq.)
EN 55013:01** Broadcast equipment
CISPR 13:90 (Radio & TV receivers etc)
EN 55014-1:00* Household apparatus, portable tools
CISPR 14:99 & similar equipment (EN 55 014:93)
EN 55015:00* Lighting equipment (EN 55 015:96)
CISPR 15:99 (Luminaries)
EN 55022:98* IT equipment (EN 55 022: 94)
CISPR 22:97 (Information Technology eq.)
* dow date: 2003-08-01 ** dow date: 2004-09-01
 Basic emissions standards*
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Radiated disturbances 30 MHz - 1 GHz

RF EM fields [dB V/m]
EN 55011 / CISPR 11 alt EN 55022 / CISPR 22
Conducted disturbances 150 kHz - 30 MHz
RF voltages [dB V]
EN 55011 / CISPR 11 alt EN 55022 / CISPR 22
Lead Radiated disturbances 30 MHz - 300 MHz
Interference power [dB pW]
EN 55014 or 13 / CISPR 14 or 13
* Product family standards in which test methods are defined
 Reference to basic std
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EN 50081-1 EN 50081-2
Radiated RF EN 55022 EN 55011
Conducted RF EN 55022 EN 55011
Lead radiated EN 55014 ---
 Basic IEC immunity standards
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IEC/EN 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge testing (ESD)

IEC/EN 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic RF field testing
IEC/EN 61000-4-4 El. fast transient (burst) testing (EFT)
IEC/EN 61000-4-5 Surge testing
IEC/EN 61000-4-6 Induced RF signal testing
IEC/EN 61000-4-8 Power frequency (LF)
magnetic field immunity test
 Basic IEC immunity standards
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IEC/EN 61000-4- 9 Pulse magnetic field immunity test

IEC/EN 61000-4-10 Damped oscillatory
magnetic field immunity test
IEC/EN 61000-4-11 Voltage dips, short interruptions
& voltage variations immunity tests
IEC/EN 61000-4-12 Oscillatory waves immunity test

..
 Basic ISO immunity standards
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ISO 7637 Immunity against transients & surges

on power supply & signal lines
(ISO 7637-1 for 12 V DC powered eq.)
(ISO 7637-2 for 24 V DC powered eq.)
ISO 11451 Immunity against radiated & conducted
RF disturbances on vehicles
ISO 11452 Immunity against radiated & conducted
RF disturbances on sub-units (ESAs)
ISO TR 10605 Immunity against ESD
 Product family EMC std
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Measuring instruments EN 61 326:97
Emission EN 55011/22 Conducted & Radiated RF
EN 55014-1:93 Interference power
EN 61000-3-2&3 Harmonics & Flicker
Immunity IEC 61000-4-2: ESD
IEC 61000-4-3: RF fields
IEC 61000-4-4: Burst
IEC 61000-4-5: Surge
IEC 61000-4-6: Induced RF
IEC 61000-4-8: Magnetic LF field
IEC 61000-4-11: Dips & Interrupts
 Product family EMC std & Generic std
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PLCs EN 61 131-2:94 (A11:96 & A12:00)

Programmable logic controllers

Emission EN 55 081-1/2: Generic std

Immunity IEC 61000-4-2: ESD
IEC 61000-4-3: RF fields
IEC 61000-4-4: Burst
IEC 61000-4-12: Damped oscillatory field
 Product family std with tailored tests
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Cabled distribution systems EN 50083-2:01

Emission EN 55013:90
& spec. interference power tests up to 1 GHz
Substitution RF field measurements
in the range 1 - 25 GHz
EN 61000-3-2:95 (harmonics)
Immunity IEC 728-1:86 & A1:92
Open stripline tests 150 kHz - 150 MHz
Screening efficiency test ...
 Signalling on low-voltage
electrical installations
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IEC 61000-3-8: 1997

Signalling on low-voltage el. installations

- emission levels, frequency bands and disturbance levels
Applicable to el. equipment using signals in the freq.
range: 3 kHz - 525 kHz to transmit information either on
public supply systems or within customers premises
Ex:
Band 95 - 148.5 kHz: Output level < 116/134 dBV
Band 148.5 - 500 kHz: Output level < 66-56 dBV
 ISM frequency bands
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(6.780 MHz 15 kHz)*

13.560 MHz 7 kHz
27.120 MHz 163 kHz
EN 55011: 40.680 MHz 20 kHz
(433.920 MHz 870 kHz)* *
The field strength 2.450 GHz 100 MHz
levels which lie
outside these bands 5.800 GHz 75 MHz
are limited 24.125 GHz 125 MHz
* under consideration * used for low power SRDs
 Typical EMC standard requirements
Dag
Bjrklf
Radiated disturbances
30-37 dB V/m QP (Class B)
40-47 dB V/m QP (Class A)
Conducted disturbances
46-66 dB V QP (Class B)

Emission
60-79 dB V QP (Class B)
Interference power
45-55 QP dB pW (Appliances)
45-65 QP dB pW (Portable Tools)
Power line disturbances
Harmonics currents [I
[ 3 < 2.3 A ...]
Flicker [ U/ t]
Click disturbances
Emission standard EN 55022:98/CISPR 22:97 EN 55011:98/CISPR 11:97
IT equipment ISM equipment
Emission standards
Measurement method
for ITQuasi-peak/Average
Quasi-peak/Average
and ISM
Dag Bjrklf
Limits for conducted disturbances at mains ports (Class B) Group 1 & Group 2
150 - 500 kHz 66-56 dBV/ 56-46 dBV 66-56 dBV/ 56-46 dBV
0.5 - 5.0 MHz 56 dBV/ 46 dBV 56 dBV/ 46 dBV
5.0 - 30 MHz 60 dBV/ 50 dBV 60 dBV/ 50 dBV
Limits for conducted disturbances at mains ports (Class A) Group 1
150 - 500 kHz 79 dBV/ 66 dBV 79 dBV/ 66 dBV
0.50 -5.0 MHz 73 dBV/ 60 dBV 73 dBV/ 60 dBV
5.0 - 30 MHz -- --
Limits for conducted disturbances at mains ports (Class A) Group 2
150 - 500 kHz --- 100 dBV/ 90 dBV
0.50 -5.0 MHz --- 86 dBV/ 76 dBV
5.0 - 30 MHz --- 66-56 dBV/ 56-46 dBV

Group 1: RF energy is intentionally generated and/or used conductively coupled

Group 2: RF energy is intentionally generated and/or used in the form of EM radiation
Emission standard EN 55022:98/CISPR 22:97 EN 55011:98/CISPR 11:97
IT equipment ISM equipment
Emission standards
Measurement method
for ITQuasi-peak/Average
Quasi-peak/Average
and ISM
Limits for conducted CM disturbance at telecom ports (Class B)
Dag Bjrklf
150 - 500 kHz 84-74 dBV/ 74-64 dBV ---
40-30 dBA/ 30-20 dBA ---
0.50 - 30 MHz 74 dBV/ 64 dBV ---
30 dBA/ 30 dBA
---
Limits for conducted CM disturbance at telecom ports (Class A)
150 - 500 kHz 97-87 dBV/ 84-74 dBV ---
53-43 dBA/ 40-30 dBA ---
0.50 - 30 MHz 87 dBV/ 74 dBV ---
43 dBA/ 30 dBA
For induction
--- cooking appliances within group 2 / CISPR 11:
Limits of the magnetic field strength at 3 m distance with 0.5m loop antenna (quasi-peak)
9 - 70 kHz 69 dBA/m
70 - 148.5 kHz 69-39 dBA/m
0.1485 - 4.0 MHz 39- 3 dBA/m
4.0 - 30 MHz 3 dBA/m
Emission standard EN 55022:98/CISPR 22:97 EN 55011:98/CISPR 11:97

Emission
Measurement method
standards
Quasi-peak
for IT and
IT equipment
ISM
Quasi-peak
ISM equipment

Dag Bjrklf
Limits for radiated disturbances (Class B), measured at 10 m distance
Group 1
30 - 230 MHz 30 dBV/m 30 dBV/m
230 - 1000 MHz 37 dBV/m 37 dBV/m
Limits for radiated disturbances (Class B), measured at 10 m distance
Group 2
30 - 80.872 MHz (30 dBV/m) 30 dBV/m
80.872 - 81.848 MHz (30 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m
81.848 - 134.786 MHz (30 dBV/m) 30 dBV/m
134.786 - 136.414 MHz (30 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m
136.414 - 230 MHz (30 dBV/m) 30 dBV/m
230 - 1000 MHz (37 dBV/m) 37 dBV/m
Limits for radiated disturbances (Class A), measured at 10 m distance*
Group 1*
30 - 230 MHz 40 dBV/m 30 dBV/m
230 - 1000 MHz 47 dBV/m 37 dBV/m
*Measured at 30 m measurement distance on a test site or at 30 m from exterior wall in situ
Emission standard EN 55022:98/CISPR 22:97 EN 55011:98/CISPR 11:97

Emission standards for IT and ISM

IT equipment ISM equipment

Limits for radiated disturbances (Class A), measured at 30 m distance (quasi-peak)

Dag MHz
Bjrklf Group 2
0.15- 0.49 (40 dBV/m) 85 dBV/m
0.49 - 1.705 (40 dBV/m) 75 dBV/m
1.705 - 2.194 (40 dBV/m) 80 dBV/m
2.194 - 3.95 (40 dBV/m) 75 dBV/m
3.95 - 20 (40 dBV/m) 60 dBV/m
20 - 30 (40 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m
30 - 47 (40 dBV/m) 58 dBV/m
47 - 53.91 (40 dBV/m) 40 dBV/m
53.91 - 54.56 (40 dBV/m) 40 dBV/m
54.56 - 68 (40 dBV/m) 40 dBV/m
68 - 80.872 (40 dBV/m) 53 dBV/m
80.872 - 81.848 (40 dBV/m) 68 dBV/m
81.848 - 87 (40 dBV/m) 53 dBV/m
87 - 134.786 (40 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m

190.979 - 230 (40 dBV/m) 40 dBV/m
230 - 400 (47 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m
400 - 470 (47 dBV/m) 53 dBV/m
470 - 1000 (47 dBV/m) 50 dBV/m
 Typical standard requirements
Dag Bjrklf Radiated RF
3/10 V/m
Induced RF
3/10 V
Immunity

Transients
Burst 0.5-2 kV
Surge 0.5-2 kV
ESD
2/4/6/8 kV
Magnetic fields
Dips, interrupts & voltage
variations
Generic standard 50082-1:92 61000-6-1:01 50082-2:95 61000-6-2:01
EN standards (CLC) residential & light industry industrial environment
61000-6-2:01
ESD
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air discharges 8 kV 8 kV 8 kV 8 kV
contact discharges - 4 kV 4 kV 4 kV

RF disturbances, radiated
without modulation
(27 MHz - 500 MHz) 3 V/m - - -
with mod. 80 % AM (1 kHz)
(80 MHz-1 GHz) - 3 V/m 10 V/m 10 V/m
(at ITU frequencies) 1) - 3 V/m 3 V/m 3 V/m
with keyed carrier (200Hz)
(at 900 MHz) - 3 V/m 10 V/m 10 V/m
RF disturbances, injected CM
with mod. 80 % AM (1 kHz)
(150 kHz - 80 MHz) - 3V 10 V 10 V
at ITU frequencies: 1) - 3V 3V 3V
1)
ITU frequencies: 47-68 MHz; 87-108 MHz; 174-230 MHz & 470-790 MHz
Generic standard 50082-1:92 61000-6-1:01 50082-2:95 61000-6-2:01
residential & light industry industrial environment
Magnetic LF field
(power line frequency) - 3 A/m 30 A/m 30 A/m
Dag
Fast Bjrklf(EFT/Bursts)
transients
AC 1 kV 1 kV 2 kV 2 kV
DC 0.5 kV 0.5 kV 2 kV2) 2 kV2)
Signal lines (if >3m) 0.5 kV 0.5 kV 1 kV 1 kV
Surges; CM / DM
AC - 2/1 kV - 4/2 kV
DC - 0.5/0.5 kV - 0.5/0.5 kV
Signal lines (if > 10m) - - - 2/1 kV
Dips & interrupts on AC 3)
period (criteria B) - 30% - 30%
5 periods (criteria C) - 60% - 60 %
50 periods (criteria C) - - - 60 %
250 periods (criteria C) - >95% - >95%
2)
DC and signal lines directly involved in process measurement and control
3)
requirements for DIPS & interrupts are sometimes defined as a time interval instead of a
number of periods. e.g. 10 ms, 100 ms etc instead of period, 5 periods respectively, when
referring to 50 Hz power line frequency systems.
 Classification
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Home Office Light industry Industry

Class B
Class A

Generic std
for residential, commercial & light industry
Generic std
for industry