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    The Internet and World Wide Web

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    gopitheprince
    The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and world wide web. It discusses the differences between an internet (lower case i) which refers to a network of networks, versus the Internet (upper case I) which is the global network that connects everyone. It also summarizes the domain name system (DNS) which converts domain names to IP addresses, HTTP and the client-server model used to make web requests and receive responses. The role of browsers in automating the HTTP request/response process is also outlined.

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    The Internet and World Wide Web

    Uploaded by

    gopitheprince
    33 views19 pages
    The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and world wide web. It discusses the differences between an internet (lower case i) which refers to a network of networks, versus the Internet (upper case I) which is the global network that connects everyone. It also summarizes the domain name system (DNS) which converts domain names to IP addresses, HTTP and the client-server model used to make web requests and receive responses. The role of browsers in automating the HTTP request/response process is also outlined.

    Original Description:

    lecture 1

    Original Title

    Lecture 01

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    The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and world wide web. It discusses the differences between an internet (lower case i) which refers to a network of networks, versus the Internet (upper case I) which is the global network that connects everyone. It also summarizes the domain name system (DNS) which converts domain names to IP addresses, HTTP and the client-server model used to make web requests and receive responses. The role of browsers in automating the HTTP request/response process is also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    33 views19 pages

    The Internet and World Wide Web

    Uploaded by

    gopitheprince
    The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the internet and world wide web. It discusses the differences between an internet (lower case i) which refers to a network of networks, versus the Internet (upper case I) which is the global network that connects everyone. It also summarizes the domain name system (DNS) which converts domain names to IP addresses, HTTP and the client-server model used to make web requests and receive responses. The role of browsers in automating the HTTP request/response process is also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    CS 081 HTML and Web Programming Lecture 1

    THE INTERNET AND WORLD


    WIDE WEB
    internet vs. Internet
    An internet (lower case i) refers to a network
    of networks.
    The Internet (upper case I) refers to the
    global internet that connects everyone to.
    Uniform Resource Locator
    http://www.somedomain.com/path
    Protocol or Scheme
    host
    path
    Uniform Resource Locator
    www.somedomain.com
    subdomain
    subdomain
    Top-level-domain
    ICANN
    Internet Corporation for Assigned
    Names and Numbers
    Management of most top-level domains
    Management of IP Addresses
    Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
    (IANA)
    DNS
    Domain Name System
    A service that converts IP Addresses into human
    friendly computer hostnames.
    Name Servers contain tables of IP Address and
    Domain Name pairs. These servers can be queried
    with requests to resolve domain names into IP
    addresses. These servers are periodically synced.
    Name Servers are organized by ICANN (Internet
    Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
    which manages the registrars whom conduct
    business with end users.
    The World Wide Web
    While the Internet refers to the global
    network of interconnected computers, the
    world wide web refers to the publically
    available files through the HTTP protocol.
    The World Wide Web
    Tim Berners-Lee us credited as the inventor of the
    World Wide Web while working at CERN (European
    Organization for Nuclear Research)
    His original idea involved the idea of hypertext
    (text with an embedded link to another resource)
    The project was meant to be used to make sharing
    articles among colleagues easier. The
    convenience of hypertext and the fact that the
    technology was supply for free, led to its quick
    adoption.
    Client Server Model
    In the client-server model there are 2 types of
    systems, client systems from server systems.
    A client system is designed to send requests to the
    server and process any results the server sends to
    the client.
    A server system (particularly web server) is designed
    to take requests from various clients.

    Client: Send Request, Receive Reply


    Server: Receive Request, Send Reply
    HTTP Request

    HTTP Response + Optional File


    HTTP
    Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a communications protocol that allows
    the transfer of documents in a client/server type relationship.
    It is a simple protocol with seven commands only two of which are
    often used.
    GET
    POST
    PUT
    DELETE
    HEAD
    OPTIONS
    TRACE
    CONNECT
    PATCH
    HTTP Requests
    HTTP Requests are structured text, they
    contain:
    The location of the requested file.
    The request type
    ie. GET, POST, HEAD
    Extra information for the server
    HTTP Request Example
    GET /folderName/file.html HTTP/1.1
    Host: www.somewebsite.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.2.13)
    Gecko/20101203 Firefox/3.6.13
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
    Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
    Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
    Keep-Alive: 115
    Connection: keep-alive
    Referer: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&soce=web&c30CCc...
    X-Behavioral-Ad-Opt-Out: 1
    HTTP Responses
    HTTP Responses are composed of 2 parts, the
    header and an optional file:
    The header is structured text
    The Servers response code
    200 OK
    403 Forbidden
    404 Not Found
    Extra information from the server
    It is then followed by the optional file, that can be
    any format
    HTTP Response Example
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Date: Fri, 31 Dec 1999 23:59:59 GMT
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Length: 42
    some-footer: some-value
    another-footer: another-value
    [Blank Line]
    [Start of Webpage HTML]
    Browser
    Browsers automate the process of creating
    and sending HTTP Requests and receiving
    HTTP Responses.
    They also attempt to display the result if the
    browser understands the format.
    All the browser needs is the location of the
    file.
    User types in
    google.com
    Browser appends extra information
    and sends HTTP Request to server

    GET / HTTP/1.1
    Host: www.google.com

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK

    [HTML code for the webpage located


    at http://www.google.com/index.html]
    Server sees request for a directory, returns
    Web Server directory index page
    W3C and Web Standardization
    The World Wide Web Consortium was founded in
    1994 to address the problem of incompatible
    versions of HTML that arose from having no
    formal standard.
    As vendor's started to add and duplicate
    features, inconsistencies between browsers
    started appearing.
    The W3C developed standards that vendors
    agreed to follow in order to keep some
    consistency between web pages.
    The Internet Today/ Tomorrow
    Search Engines
    Cloud Computing
    Decentralized Computing
    HTML5
    Mobile Devices

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