Unit 1 : subtopic: Introduction to world wide web—

Internet Operation

What is Internet?
The Internet is essentially a global network of computing resources. You can think of
the Internet as a physical collection of routers and circuits as a set of shared resources.
Some common definitions given in the past include −

• A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol.

• A community of people who use and develop those networks.

Internet-Based Services
Some of the basic services available to Internet users are −
• Email − A fast, easy, and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet
users around the world.
• Telnet − Allows a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local
system.
• FTP − Allows a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a
computer from one Internet-connected computer to another.
• UseNet news − A distributed bulletin board that offers a combination news and
discussion service on thousands of topics.
• World Wide Web (WWW) − A hypertext interface to Internet information
resources.

What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is −
All the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP).
A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee
helped found, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): The World Wide Web is the
universe of network-accessible information, an embodiment of human knowledge.
In simple terms, The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between
computers on the Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive
multimedia resources.
What is HTTP?
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is the protocol being used to
transfer hypertext documents that makes the World Wide Web possible.
A standard web address such as Yahoo.com is called a URL and here the
prefix http indicates its protocol

What is URL?
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the
World Wide Web. A URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource
connected to the web (e.g., hypertext pages, images, and sound files).
A URL will have the following format −
protocol://hostname/other_information
The protocol specifies how information is transferred from a link. The protocol used for
web resources is HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Other protocols compatible with
most web browsers include FTP, telnet, newsgroups, and Gopher.
The protocol is followed by a colon, two slashes, and then the domain name. The
domain name is the computer on which the resource is located.
Links to particular files or subdirectories may be further specified after the domain
name. The directory names are separated by single forward slashes.

What is Website?
Currently you are on our website Tutorialspoint.com which is a collection of various
pages written in HTML markup language. This is a location on the web where people
can find tutorials on latest technologies. Similarly, there are millions of websites
available on the web.
Each page available on the website is called a web page and first page of any website
is called home page for that site.

What is Web Server?

Every Website sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always
connected to the internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a
unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 256 separated by
periods. For example, 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127.
When you register a Web address, also known as a domain name, such as
tutorialspoint.com you have to specify the IP address of the Web server that will host
the site.
We will see different type of Web servers in a separate chapter.

What is Web Browser?

Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web you need a web
browsers, such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.
Currently you must be using any sort of Web browser while you are navigating through
my site tutorialspoint.com. On the Web, when you navigate through pages of
information this is commonly known as browsing or surfing.
We will see different type of Web browsers in a separate chapter.

What is SMTP Server?

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server. This server takes care of
delivering emails from one server to another server. When you send an email to an
email address, it is delivered to its recipient by a SMTP Server.

What is ISP?
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. They are the companies who provide you
service in terms of internet connection to connect to the internet.
You will buy space on a Web Server from any Internet Service Provider. This space will
be used to host your Website.

What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. This is the language in which we write
web pages for any Website. Even the page you are reading right now is written in
HTML.
This is a subset of Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language (SGML) for electronic
publishing, the specific standard used for the World Wide Web.

What is Hyperlink?
A hyperlink or simply a link is a selectable element in an electronic document that
serves as an access point to other electronic resources. Typically, you click the
hyperlink to access the linked resource. Familiar hyperlinks include buttons, icons,
image maps, and clickable text links.

What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name System. When someone types in your domain name,
www.example.com, your browser will ask the Domain Name System to find the IP that
hosts your site. When you register your domain name, your IP address should be put in
a DNS along with your domain name. Without doing it your domain name will not be
functioning properly.

What is W3C?
W3C stands for World Wide Web Consortium which is an international consortium of
companies involved with the Internet and the Web.
The W3C was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the original architect of the World
Wide Web. The organization's purpose is to develop open standards so that the Web
evolves in a single direction rather than being splintered among competing factions.
The W3C is the chief standards body for HTTP and HTML.
On the simplest level, the Web physically consists of the following components −
• Your personal computer − This is the PC at which you sit to see the web.
• A Web browser − A software installed on your PC which helps you to browse
the Web.
• An internet connection − This is provided by an ISP and connects you to the
internet to reach to any Website.
• A Web server − This is the computer on which a website is hosted.
• Routers & Switches − They are the combination of software and hardware who
take your request and pass to appropriate Web server.
The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client and the
remote computers that store electronic files are the servers.

How the Web Works

When you enter something like Google.com the request goes to one of many special
computers on the Internet known as Domain Name Servers (DNS). All these requests
are routed through various routers and switches. The domain name servers keep
tables of machine names and their IP addresses, so when you type in Google.com it
gets translated into a number, which identifies the computers that serve the Google
Website to you.
When you want to view any page on the Web, you must initiate the activity by
requesting a page using your browser. The browser asks a domain name server to
translate the domain name you requested into an IP address. The browser then sends
a request to that server for the page you want, using a standard called Hypertext
Transfer Protocol or HTTP.
The server should constantly be connected to the Internet, ready to serve pages to
visitors. When it receives a request, it looks for the requested document and returns it
to the Web browser. When a request is made, the server usually logs the client's IP
address, the document requested, and the date and time it was requested. This
information varies server to server.
An average Web page actually requires the Web browser to request more than one file
from the Web server and not just the HTML / XHTML page, but also any images, style
sheets, and other resources used in the web page. Each of these files including the
main page needs a URL to identify each item. Then each item is sent by the Web
server to the Web browser and Web browser collects all this information and displays
them in the form of Web page.

Web Browsing steps as follows −

A user enters a URL into a browser (for example, Google.com. This request is passed
to a domain name server.
The domain name server returns an IP address for the server that hosts the Website
(for example, 68.178.157.132).
The browser requests the page from the Web server using the IP address specified by
the domain name server.
The Web server returns the page to the IP address specified by the browser requesting
the page. The page may also contain links to other files on the same server, such as
images, which the browser will also request.
The browser collects all the information and displays to your computer in the form of
Web page.
Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web, you need a web
browser, such as Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox.
Currently you must be using any sort of Web browser while you are navigating through
our site tutorialspoint.com. On the Web, when you navigate through pages of
information, this is commonly known as web browsing or web surfing.
There are four leading web browsers − Explorer, Firefox, Netscape, and Safari, but
there are many others browsers available. You might be interested in knowing
Complete Browser Statistics. Now we will see these browsers in bit more detail.
While developing a site, we should try to make it compatible to as many browsers as
possible. Especially sites should be compatible to major browsers like Explorer,
Firefox, Chrome, Netscape, Opera, and Safari.

Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer (IE) is a product from software giant Microsoft. This is the most
commonly used browser in the universe. This was introduced in 1995 along with
Windows 95 launch and it has passed Netscape popularity in 1998.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download
Internet Explorer

Google Chrome
This web browser is developed by Google and its beta version was first released on
September 2, 2008 for Microsoft Windows. Today, chrome is known to be one of the
most popular web browser with its global share of more than 50%.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download
Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox
Firefox is a new browser derived from Mozilla. It was released in 2004 and has grown
to be the second most popular browser on the Internet.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download Firefox

Safari
Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. and included in Mac OS X. It was first
released as a public beta in January 2003. Safari has very good support for latest
technologies like XHTML, CSS2 etc.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download Safari

Opera
Opera is smaller and faster than most other browsers, yet it is full- featured. Fast, user-
friendly, with keyboard interface, multiple windows, zoom functions, and more. Java
and non Java-enabled versions available. Ideal for newcomers to the Internet, school
children, handicap and as a front-end for CD-Rom and kiosks.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download Opera

Konqueror
Konqueror is an Open Source web browser with HTML 4.01 compliance, supporting
Java applets, JavaScript, CSS 1, CSS 2.1, as well as Netscape plugins. This works as
a file manager as well as it supports basic file management on local UNIX filesystems,
from simple cut/copy and paste operations to advanced remote and local network file
browsing.
You can download a latest version of this browser by clicking here → Download
Konqueror

Lynx
Lynx is a fully-featured World Wide Web browser for users on Unix, VMS, and other
platforms running cursor-addressable, character-cell terminals or emulators.
Every Website sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always
connected to the internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given a
unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 255 separated by
periods. For example, 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127.
When you register a web address, also known as a domain name, such as
tutorialspoint.com you have to specify the IP address of the Web server that will host
the site. You can load up with Dedicated Servers that can support your web-based
operations.
There are four leading web servers − Apache, IIS, lighttpd and Jagsaw. Now we will
see these servers in bit more detail.
Apart from these Web Servers, there are other Web Servers also available in the
market but they are very expensive. Major ones are Netscape's iPlanet, Bea's Web
Logic and IBM's WebSphere.

Apache HTTP Server

This is the most popular web server in the world developed by the Apache Software
Foundation. Apache web server is an open source software and can be installed on
almost all operating systems including Linux, Unix, Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and
more. About 60% of the web server machines run the Apache Web Server.
You can have Apache with tomcat module to have JSP and J2EE related support.
You can have detailed information about this server at Apache HTTP Server

Internet Information Services

The Internet Information Server (IIS) is a high performance Web Server from Microsoft.
This web server runs on Windows NT/2000 and 2003 platforms ( and may be on
upcoming new Windows version also). IIS comes bundled with Windows NT/2000 and
2003; Because IIS is tightly integrated with the operating system so it is relatively easy
to administer it.
You can have detailed information about this server at Miscrosoft IIS

lighttpd
The lighttpd, pronounced lighty is also a free web server that is distributed with the
FreeBSD operating system. This open source web server is fast, secure and
consumes much less CPU power. Lighttpd can also run on Windows, Mac OS X, Linux
and Solaris operating systems.
You can have detailed information about this server at lighttpd

Sun Java System Web Server

This web server from Sun Microsystems is suited for medium and large websites.
Though the server is free it is not open source. It however, runs on Windows, Linux
and Unix platforms. The Sun Java System web server supports various languages,
scripts and technologies required for Web 2.0 such as JSP, Java Servlets, PHP, Perl,
Python, Ruby on Rails, ASP and Coldfusion etc.
You can have detailed information about this server at Sun Java System Web Server

Jigsaw Server
Jigsaw (W3C's Server) comes from the World Wide Web Consortium. It is open source
and free and can run on various platforms like Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac OS X Free
BSD etc. Jigsaw has been written in Java and can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.
Web site advantage
If you are constructing a Website, then we hope you are aware of its advantages as
well. Here, in this chapter, we have listed out a few major advantages of keeping a
website.

Business is Open 24x7

This means that once you put your business onsite, then your business is open 7 days
a week and 365 days a year. Even if you are in different locations of the world then you
will be able to serve your customers on 24x7 hours basis.

Increased Customer Base

Because anyone in the world can see your website so you will gain customers from
other states and countries while you are putting in the same amount of effort and
money.

Tremendous Cost Saving

This is one of the biggest advantages of having a business online. You do not need to
keep a big man power and lot of resources to maintain a business on site. There are
many other cost saving opportunities while keeping business online. Think of how
many cards you mail out to let customers know about your sale. All of that can be
eliminated by putting the sale information on your website and inviting your customers
to visit it.

Advertising Opportunities
Apart from saving your advertising cost, you have additional opportunities to run
advertisements from other companies and start making money. If you ever advertised
in a local newspaper, you know the costs. You are being charged per line, per inch,
and per color. On the Web, there is no limit to how much you can put. So whenever
there is a new product or service, then you can advertise it in a better way.

Creates a Brand Image

Internet is a great medium through which you can create any image of yourself which
you want. It is all in your hands. For example, you can design a professional website,
add helpful content, and your company will immediately take a step up in the image it
represents. No matter how small your business is, with the right tools and a great
desire you can make it look like a corporation on the Web.
Customer Satisfaction
If you have a really good site online, then you can give your customers a lot of
satisfaction in terms of customer care. You can keep online help, FAQ, and other
important information which is useful for your customers. You can create online forums
for open discussion and you can conduct customer survey to take customer feedback
etc.

Showcase Your Work

Whether you are a real estate agent, construction business owner or a beauty salon
specialist − you can put your work on display when you have a website. Anytime a
potential client wants to see your past work and projects, simply refer him or her to
your site. No need to scan and mail pictures, or bring your client to a finished building
project.

Web skill required

If you are planning to maintain a Website, then you would require a specific set of
skills. This skill set can be endless because today, there are numerous technologies
available and many are coming everyday. So you have to plan and affirm on any one
of the available technologies and go ahead for your project.
This is not required that you should have knowledge of all the listed skills. If you want
to develop a simple Website, then you would needs just first four skills listed here. Rest
of the skills are required if you want to go for a bigger and more interactive Website.
• Computer Operations − All you need to know is how to operate a computer −
Windows, Linux or Macintosh. This depends on which Web Server you want to
host your website. So you should have basic knowledge of that system only.
You should be well acquainted of basic operations like creating file, deleting file,
updating file, directory creation, file permission etc.
• Remote Access − Most of the times your Web Server will be accessed from
remote site only. You should be well aware how to connect a computer from
remote site. So at least you should have basic knowledge of telnet utility to
connect to a remote machine. There are many service providers who will
provide you control panel to manage your Website.
• File Uploading & Downloading − As I told you most of the times your Web
Server will be on remote site. So you would need to upload and download all the
files related to your Website. So at least you should have basic knowledge
of FTP utility to connect to a remote machine and download or upload your files.
Almost service providers give you facility to upload your files on your Web
server.
 • HTML / XHTML Knowledge − These are the markup languages which you will
use to build your website. So you should have good understanding on these
languages. You can refer our tutorial to learn HTML / XHTML
• CSS Knowledge − Cascading Style Sheet knowledge is required to achieve
many results which are not possible through HTML or XHTML.
• PHP Script − Now-a-days many sites are being developed using PHP language.
This script helps you to create an interactive Website. You can refer our tutorial
to learn PHP Script
• PERL Script − PERL is another language which is being highly used to develop
interactive Web Applications. So if you are planning to use PERL to develop
your Website, then you can refer our tutorial to learn PERL Script
• Java or VB Scripts − These scripts are required to perform user level
validations and to add more interactivity in your Website. So a web developer is
desired to have knowledge of any of the client side scripts.
• AJAX Technology − This is the latest technology in the web. Google and Yahoo
are using this technology to give a better browsing experience to their site
visitors. You can refer our tutorial to learn AJAX Technology
• ASP or JSP − These are another technologies to be used to develop interactive
Websites.
• Flash Knowledge − You can plan to use Macromedia Flash to build your
Website. This is a bit time consuming to learn this technology but once you
learnt then you can develop very beautiful and attractive websites using Flash.
• HTTP Protocol − As you grow you are desired to have more knowledge about
Web. So I would suggest you to go through the web backbone i.e. HTTP
protocol as well. You can refer our tutorial to learn HTTP Protocol

Web tools required

As a basic necessity, you need a good internet connection from a reliable service
provider which provides decent connectivity and speed. Evaluate vendors based on
their services and support before selecting. Here due diligence plays a major part.
The following tools and infrastructure will help you in developing a Website −
• Computer Machine − If you do not have computer available and you received
this tutorial printed on a paper then I would say that first of all you would need a
computer machine running either Windows or Linux or UNIX or Macintosh
system or any other operating system.
• Internet Connection − If you are not connected to the internet and you received
this tutorial printed on a paper then I would say that this is second and another
most important tool would need to connect to the Internet and to you Web
Server where you will host your website. For this purpose you can buy either a
 dial up connection or broadband connection of high speed connectivity based on
your requirement and budget.
• A Web Server − Apart from basic Internet connectivity you will need one Web
Server to keep all the files related to your Website. So you would need to buy
space on a Web Server. There are millions of ISPs who are in business of
selling web space at competitive prices. We will give more detail on this in Web
Hosting Conceptschapter.
• A Text Editor − This is another most important tool which you will need to
develop your Website. If you are using Windows then you can use notepad as a
text editor, or if you are using Linux/Unix then vi editor is one of my favorite
editors. You will need this editor to write your HTML, PHP or ASP pages or for
any other editing purpose. For practice purpose, you can use our Online HTML
Editor
• A Web Browser − You will need this tool to see the result of your HTML file. So
you should have either Internet Explorer or Firefox etc. installed on your
computer.
• Web Authoring Tools − If you don't want to use a simple Text Editor to edit
your HTML files then there are many commercial Web Authoring Tools
available. These tools are also called HTML editors. Microsoft's FrontPage and
Macromedia Dreamweaver are both a visual HTML (WYSIWYG) and HTML
source code editor. These editors helps you to develop your HTML pages vary
rapidly.
• Secure telnet client − If you are connecting to your Web server directly then
you can use a tool called PuTTY. This is what I'm using while connecting to my
web server.
• Secure FTP client − If you are connecting to your Web server directly using
FTP client to upload or download your web files then you can use a tool
called PSFTP. FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. Simply put, after you
design your website, you need to send it to the Web and your FTP program will
do just that for you. This is what I'm using while connecting to my web server

Web domain name

A domain name is the part of your Internet address that comes after "www". For
example, in Tutorialspoint.com the domain name is tutorialspoint.com.
A domain name becomes your Business Address so care should be taken to select a
domain name. Your domain name should be easy to remember and easy to type.

How to Get a Domain Name?

When you plan to put a site online, this is one of the important steps to buy a domain
name. This is always not necessary that whatever domain name you are looking that is
available so in that case you will have to opt for any other good domain name.
When you buy a domain name it is registered and when domain names are registered
they are added to a large domain name register, and information about your site −
including your Internet IP address is stored on a DNS server and your contact
information etc. is registered with your registrar.
You can buy domain name from any domain registrar like GoDaddy

Domain Extension Types

There are many types of domain extensions you can choose for your domain name.
This depends on your business nature.
For example, if you are going to register a domain name for education purpose then
you can choose .edu extension.
Below is a reference of the correct usage of certain extensions. But there is no hard
and fast rule to go for any extension. Most commonly used is .com
• .com − Stands for company/commercial, but it can be used for any website.
• .net − Stands for network and is usually used for a network of sites.
• .org − Stands for organization and is supposed to be for non-profit bodies.
• .us, .in − They are based on your country names so that you can go for country
specific domain extensions
• .biz − A newer extension on the Internet and can be used to indicate that this
site is purely related to business.
• .info − Stands for information. This domain name extension can be very useful,
and as a new comer it's doing well.
• .tv − Stands for Television and are more appropriate for TV channel sites.
Newer domain extensions such as .biz .info and .us etc. have more name choices
available as many of the popular domains have yet to be taken and most of the them
are available at very nominal prices.

Choosing a Domain Name

The domain name will be your business address. Hence, it is imperative that you
choose the domain name with utmost care.
Many people think it is important to have keywords in a domain. Keywords in the
domain name are usually important, but it usually can be done while keeping the
domain name short, memorable, and free of hyphens.
Using keywords in your domain name gives you a strong competitive advantage over
your competitors. Having your keywords in your domain name can increase click
through rates on search engine listings and paid ads as well as make it easier to using
your keywords in get keyword rich descriptive inbound links.
Avoid buying long and confusing domain names. May people separate the words in
their domain names using dashes or hyphen. In the past the domain name itself was a
significant ranking factor but now with advanced search engines, it is not a significant
factor anymore.
Keep two to three words in your domain name − it will be more memorable. Some of
the most memorable websites do a great job of branding by creating their own words.
Examples include eBay, Yahoo!, Expedia, Slashdot, Fark, Wikipedia, Google...
You should be able to say it over the telephone once and the other person should
know how to spell it and they should know what you sell. If you can do that AND work
keywords in there, good for you. If you can't, skip the keywords.

What are Sub-Domains

You can divide your domain into many sub domains based on your requirement. If you
are doing multiple business using the same domain, then it would be useful to have
sub-domains for every business. Following are examples of some sub-domains −
You must have seen google.com as a main domain but google has created many sub
domains based on their business. Some of them are as follows −
• adwords.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Adwords.
• groups.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Groups.
• images.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Images.
This way, you can present your different business sections in a very good segregated
way. It is not a big thing to create a sub-domains. If you already have registered a
domain, then your registrar will provide you a way to create sub-domains. You may
need to talk to your registrar for more detail.
Web site construction

Now you are ready for a website construction. Before proceeding further, you have to
take many factors into consideration. I cannot list out each and everything but I have
described the major factors in this tutorial which will help you to have a better website −

What to Put on Your Website?

What you would have on your website totally depends on your business and the nature
of your website. Here is a list of pages that you might want to create for your website.

• Attractive Home Page: Always required for every website.

 • List of Product and Services along with complete detail.
• Complete Pricing Information.
• About your company and nature of business including your achievements.
• About your staff and if possible their experience.
• Your complete contact information.
• Frequently Asked Questions.
• Success Stories and Feedback from Customers.
Finally, make your site useful and interesting for your customers. Your site visitors are
your customers and they should find each and everything they are looking for.
Customer satisfaction should be your prime concern.

How to Design Your Website?

You should not simply start developing your website, otherwise you will end up with a
bogus website. First, you should put a complete plan and your design on a paper or in
an electronic document.
In this section, we have listed out a few points which can help you to design a better
website −
• Consider what technology you are going to use to develop your website. Adopt
one which gives you better flexibility and rapid development opportunities and
then design it accordingly.
• Design a generic framework so that in future you can enhance and modify your
website by putting minimal effort.
• Design a site to keep required performance in mind. If you are designing
database driven website then lot of effort has to put to design good database
schemas.
• Keep your design as simple as possible so that any new developer should
become familiar with your design as soon as possible.
• Identify repeatable components of your website and then keep them separate
and try to use them wherever possible.
• Identify the nature and qualification of your site visitors and give importance to
look and feel accordingly.
• Think from the perspective of a site visitor. If you were a visitor, then how would
you like to see this website? If the same site belongs to somebody else, then
would you like to spend some time on such site?
• You should create a search engine friendly website.
Once again....your presentation should be unique and attractive, otherwise there are a
lot of websites available on the Internet and it will be difficult for you to retain a site
visitor for more than a minute.
How to Make a Website Interactive?
Many statistics show that if you are able to retain your site visitors for a long time, then
they do bigger shopping and visit the site again and again.
So make sure you have done something for your site visitors to do on your website.
Offering a lot of quality information can serve as a great magnet for visitors.
Here is a list of some interactive tools that you can add to your website without any
programming skills or incurring any costs −

• Poll
• Forum
• Guest book
• Chat room
• Greeting cards
• Tell-a-friend about this site
• Feedback form
• Live customer service
• Daily joke or daily cartoon
• Daily news headlines
• Site Search Engine
• Mailing List
• Automated Frequently Asked Questions
• The list can go on and on, depending on what will attract your type of visitors.

How to Code Your Website?

Finally, when you start coding for your website, you should be well aware of the
following tips for a better website −
• Your site should meet all the quality requirements defined by W3C. Today we
are using XHTML to develop any website. XHTML is just a cleaner version of
HTML.
• You should keep validating your source code using W3C Validator.
• Do use appropriate comments but avoid using to many comments inside HTML
files.
• Keep your style sheets and JAVA or VB scripts into separate files and then
include them where ever is required.
• Do not use too much graphics in your web pages.
• Try to keep your web pages static instead of generating them dynamically.
 • Make sure there is no broken link on any web page.
• Test your developed web page in major browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Mozilla, Netscape, etc.
• Test your all the scripts for all the possible scenarios. Do not host any page
without complete testing.

How to Create a Search Engine Friendly Website?

It is very important to make your website search friendly, otherwise you will be away
from a large chunk of your customer base which comes from search engines like
google and yahoo.
This subject is so important that we have put a complete tutorial on Search Engine
Optimization and I will strongly recommend you to go through this tutorial before you
start developing your website.

Securing Your Source Code Frequently

While developing your website, it is very important to keep a backup of your complete
source code. Many times, you might accidentally delete a file. If you have a backup,
then you can restore previous files and start doing your work.
It is a good practice to take backup on an hourly basis or at least on a daily basis. Keep
this backup on a different machine or media.