Sub : Elementary Structural Design

NAME

ENROLL NO.

Patel Jimi

131100106029

Patel Milind

131100106035

Patel Nirmal

131100106036

Patel Viraj

131100106040

Patel Yash

131100106042

Shah Ashit

131100106051

GUIDED BY:

Prof. Sunil Jaganiya

Prof. Pritesh Rathod

AS PER IS 8002007

LACING,
BATTERING &
COLUMN BASES

LACING
There are two types of lacing system.
1. Single lacing system
2. Double lacing system

A LACING SYSTEM SHOULD GENERALLY

CONFORM TO THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:
The compression member comprising two main components laced and tied should,

where practicable, have a radius of gyration about the axis perpendicular to the plane of
lacing not less than the radius of gyration at right angles to that axis.
The lacing system should not be varied throughout the length of the strut as far as

practicable.
Cross (except tie plates) should not be provided along the length of the column with

lacing system, unless all forces resulting from deformation of column members are
calculated and provided for in the lacing and its fastening.
The single-laced systems on opposite sides of the main components should preferably

be in the same direction so that one system is the shadow of the other.
Laced compression members should be provided with tie plates at the ends of the lacing

system and at points where the lacing system are interrupted. The tie plates should be
designed by the same method as followed for battens.

DESIGN REQUIREMENT FOR LACING:

(1) Angle of inclination():

(cl. 7.6.4)

For single or double lacing system,

= 40 to 70 To the axis of the built up member
normally,=45 is taken
(2) Slendernes ratio(kL/r) :

(cl. 7.6.5.1)

KL/r for each component of column, should not be gretear than 50.
or
kL/r not greater than
member as a whole

0.7 *most favourable slenderness ratio of the

The slenderness ratio of lacing shall not exceed 145

(cl. 7.6.6.3)

(3) effective length of lacing (le) :

For bolted connection :
For single lacing, le = L
For double lacing, le = 0.7 l
Where, L = distance between the inner end fastner
In welded connection :
Le = 0.7 * distance between the inner ends of welds
(4)width of lacing bars(b) :
minimum width of lacing bar, b = 3d
Where,
D = nominal diameter of bolt

(5) Thickness of lacing (t) : (cl. 7.6.3)

For single lacing, t > Le/40

For double lacing, t > Le/60
(6) Transvers shear (Vt) :

(cl. 7.6.6.1)

Vt= 2.5% of the axial force in the

column.
This force shall be divided equally
among the lacing systems in
parallel
Planes.
For double lacing
F=Vt/4 sin
Where,
F= axial force in each lacing bar

(7) Check for compressive strength

For lacing using Le/r min and fy = 250 Mpa
Find Fcd from IS: 800, table -9 (c)
For rectangular section buckling class is c.
Compressive load carrying capacity of lacing
Pd = (b * t) * fcd
If (b *t )* fcd > F(axial force n lacing) . OK
b*t = area of lacing
i.e. pd > F . OK

(8)
check for tensile strength :

tensile strength of lacing flat is

Td = 0.9 (b-d)t fu / or fy.Ag/ mo Which ever is
less.
If Td > F.Ok
800 cl. 6.3.1 pg 32 }

{ Is:

(9) End connection :

For case (a) : Resultant on force on bolt = R = F
No of bolt required = F/bolt value
For case (b) : Resultant on force on bolt = R
=2Fcos
No of bolt required =
For 16 dia. Bolt strength is single shear= 29 kN
For 20 dia. Bolt strength is single shear= 45.3 kN
Strength of bolt in bearing =2.5 kb.d.t.fu
10.3.4)

(cl.

(10) Overlap:
In case of welded connection, the amount of overlap measured along
either edge of lacing bar shall not be less than , four times the
thickness of the lacing bar or the
thickness of the element of main member, whichever is less.

BATTENING
Compression member can also be built up intermediate
horizontal connecting plates or angle connecting two or four
elements of column .these horizontal connecting plates are
called battens
The battens shall be placed opposite to each other at each
end of the member and at point where the member is
stayed in it length and as for as practicable , be spaced and
proportioned uniformly throughout.
The number of battens shall be such that the member is
devided into not less than three bays within its actual length

DESIGN REQUIREMENT FOR

BATTENING
(IS : 800, cl. 7.2.2, P.51)
(1)The number of battens shall be
such that the member is divided
into not less than three bays.
(2) Battens shall be designed to
resist , simultaneous

 Longitudinal shear

Vb = Vt. C/Ns
And
Moment

M=Vt.C/2N
Where,
Vt = transverse shear force
C = distance between centre to centre of battens longitudinally .
N = number of parallel planes of battens (2 usually)
S= Minimum transverse distance between the centroid of the
bolt/
rivet group / welding.

 Slenderness ratio :
(3)

(cl. 7.7.1.4)

the effective slenderness ratio ()e of battenced column shall be taken as 1.1
times the ()o, the maximum actual slenderness ratio of the column, to account
for shear deformation effects.
(4) Spacing of battens (C) :

(cl. 7.7.3)

For any component of column

(i)
(ii)

should not greater than 50

should not greater than 0.7 * kL/r of built up column (about z-z axis)

(5) Thickness of battens (t) :

(cl. 7.7.2.4)

t>
where Lb = Distance between the inner most connecting line of bolts,
perpendicular to the main member

(6) Effective Depth of battens (de) :

(cl 7.7.2.3)

de > 3/4 *a for intermediate battens

de > a,. For end batten
de > 2b , . For any battens

where
de = effective depth of battens
= distance between outermost bolts longitudinally
a = distance between centroid of the main member
b = width of one member
Overall depth of battens
D = de + (2 * end distance)

(7) transverse shear (Vt) :

(cl. 7.7.2.1)

Vt = 2.5 % of the factored axial column load

(8) Ovrlap

(cl. 7.7.4.1)

for welded connection, the overlap shall be not less than

four times the thickness of the battens
It should be noted that the battens columns have least
resistance to shear compared to column with lacings

MINIMUM THICKNESS OF
SLAB
BASE
the minimum thickness of rectangular slab bases , supporting
columns under axial compression shall be
ts =(2.5 w (a2 - 0.3b2) mo/fy)

> tf

Where
ts = thickness of slab base
w = uniform pressure below the base
a,b = larger and smaller projection, respectively of slab base
beyond the column
tf = flange thickness of compression member

EXAMPLES

Design a slab base foundation for a column ISHB 350 to

carry a factored axial load of 1200 KN. Assume fe 410 grade

steel and M25 concrete. take safe bearing capacity of soil as
200 kN/m2

Solution :
For steel fe 410
For m 25 concrete,

fy = 250 N/mm2
fck = 25 N/mm

FOR ISHB 350 COLUMN

= 350 mm
Bf =250 mm
Tf = 11.6mm
h

(a)

Area of base plate : {IS 800 -2007 CL. 7.4.1 P.46 }

pu = 120 kn ( factored load )

bearing strength of concrete = 0.6 fck

= 0.6 * 25
= 15 N/mm

area of base plate :

=

=
= 80,000 mm2

size of built up column

b = 350 mm
d = bf =250 mm

provide 50 mm equal projection all around the column

width of plate
Bp = 350 + 50 + 50 = 450 mm
Dp = 250 + 50 +50 = 350 mm
Use base plate of size 450 mm* 350 mm
Gross area of base plate provided = 450 * 350 = 157500 mm 2

( B ) THICKNESS OF BASE PLATE : { IS : 800 CL. 7.4.3.1, P-47 }

a =larger projection
= 50 mm
b = smaller projection
= 50 mm
W = uniform pressure on base plate
=
= 7.62 n/ mm2
thickness of base plate =t

(C) WELD CONNECTING COLUM TO BASE

PLATE :
Use a 6 mm fillet weld all around the colum section to hold the
base plate in position
total length available for welding along the periphery of ISHB 350 ,
there are 12 ends for ISHB

DEDUCTION = 12* 2S
=12 * 2 * 6
= 144 mm

effective length of weld available

= 1683.4 144
= 1539.4

capacity of weld per mm length

= 0.7 s * fwd
= 0.7 * 6 * 189
= 793.8 n/mm
= 0.7938 KN/mm
required length of weld
=
= 1512 mm < 1539.4 mm
6 mm weld is adequate .

(D) SIZE OF CONCRETE BLOCK :

Axial load on column =120 kN(factored load)
Working load =1200/1.5=800kN
Add 10% as self weight of concrete block =80KN
Total load =800+80=880 kN
Area of concrete block required
=Total load /S.B.C. of soil
=880/200
=4.4m2

 Concrete block is designed for

working load
Consider rectangular concrete block
with equal projection beyond base
plate.

Let, X= projection of concrete

block

Area of concrete block =L*B

4.4=(0.45+2x) *(0.35 + 2x)
4.4=0.1575 + 0.7x +0.9x +
4x2
4x2 + 1.6 x 4.2425 = 0
Solving it, x=0.849 m
Using calculator , say x=
0.85 m

 L=0.45 + 2 * 0.85 =
2.15m
B=0.35 + 2*0.85 = 2.05m

Area of concrete block

provide = 2.15 * 2.05
=4.407m2 > 4..4 m2OK
Assumme angle of
dispersion =45
Depth of concrete block =
d=x
= 0.85 m

column splice:
A joint when provided in the length of column to get to required
length it I called column splice.
If a column is loaded axially, theoretically no splice is required.
Compression will be transmitted by direct bearing, and column
sections could be rested one on top of each other.
How ever , In practice the load on column is never truely axial
and the real column has to resist bending due to this eccentrically
applied load.
In addition , the column may be subjected to bending moments.
Also, the bearing surface of the adjacent sections can never be
machined to perfection.

Design of column spices:

The steps inn the design of splices are:
1.

Determine the nature of loads to which the splice is subjected. The

splice

may be subjected to axial compressive load, bending moment and

shear force.
2.

For axial compressive load the splice plates are provided on the
flanges of the two columns.

if the ends of columns are milled/machined, the splice is designed

only to keep the column
in position and to carry tension due to the
bending moment. In this case splice plate is designed to carry 50% of
the axial load and tension due to B.M.
if the ends of column are not milled/machined, the splice and
connections are designed to resist the total axial load and tension, if


3.
Load due to axial load for machined ends of
column,
Pul= load on splice due to axial factored load Pu on the column.

(total load on splice plates =

but load on each splice plate = )

For non-machined ends of column,

Pul =

4. Load due to bending moment Pu2

Where,
a = lever arm
= c/c distance of two splice plates.


5.

Column splice plates are assumed to act as short column

(with zero

slenderness). Hence, the plates will be subjected to yield stress

(fy).
fcd=

6. The cross-sectional area of splice plaate(A)

A=

Pu= Pul + Pu2

7. The width of splice plate is kept equal to the width of the

column
flange.

thickness of splice plate=

For column exposed to weather , the thickness of splice should not

Be less than 6 mm.

8. Nominal diameter of bolts for connection is assumed.

No. of bolts=

9. When the bearing plates are to provided to join two columns of

unequal
sizes:
- The bearing plate may be assumed as short beam to transmit the axial load
to the lower column.
- Axial load of the column is assumed to be taken by flanges only.
shown in figure
Maximum B.M in bearing plate:

M=*a1

 The

length and width of the bearing plates are kept

equal to the size of the lower
storey column.
Thickness of bearing plate,
M= fbs * Z

Where ,

fbs= design bending stress

=

Z=

= 227.27 N/

10. The web splice plates are designed to resist maximum shear
force.

11. If packing are provided between the splice plate and column
flange
and more than 6mm in thickness, the design shear capacity of
the
bolts is reduced as per cl. 10.3.3.3 of IS : 800-2007.

EXAMPLES

A column section ISHB 250@ 500.3 N/m is carrying a factored

load of 600 kN. Design a suitable column splice. Use 16 4.6

grade bolts and steel of grade Fe 410.

Solution..

For 4.6 grade bolts,

Fub =400 N/mm2
For fe 410 plate

fu = 410 N/mm2
fy = 250 N/mm2

For column ISHB 250 @ 50.3 N/m

bf = 250 mm
tf = 9.7 mm

 Assume

ends of columns are miled /machined for complete

bearing.
Therefore , splice plate are designed for 50 % of axial load of
column .
load on each splice plate ,

pu1 =
=
= 150 KN

Fcd = = 227.27 N/mm2

Area

of splice plate requride = = 660 mm2

width of splice plate should be equal to the width of the column

flange .
b = 250 mm

thickness of splice plate,

t = = = 2.54 mm

provide 6 mm thick splice plate as colum may be exposed to

weather .
For 16 mm dia , 4.6 grade bolts
strength of bolt in single shear = 29 KN

 Stength

of bolt in bearing ( on 6
mm plate )
= 2.5 kb . D .t .fu /
= 2.5 * 1* 16 * 6 * *400/1.25
= 76800 N
= 76.8 KN
bolt value = 29 KN

N0 0f bolt required

=150/29=5.17 say 6 nos.

Provide 16 mm dia , 6 bolt on

each side of the splice (joint) in

two vertical raws to connect splice
plate with column flangers.
Minimum pitch = 2.5 d = 2.5*
16
= 40 mm

 Provide pitch = 50 mm
Edge distance = 1.5 d0 =1.5 *18 =27 mm provide 30 mm
Depth of splice plate

=(4 * 50) +(4*30)

=320 mm
Provide splice plate 320*250*6mm 0n column flanges.

Thank you