Management Information System (MIS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Contd..
Though
ROLE OF MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEM:
The
The
The
ADVANTAGES:
1. It
.2.
.3.
Contd..
4.
5.
6.
Characteristics of MIS
It
Contd..
It
Contd..
Continuous
availability
The system must be available during the time period when the users
are entering transactions. Many organizations rely heavily on their
TPS; a breakdown will disrupt operations or even stop the business.
Data integrity
The system must be able to handle hardware or software problems
without corrupting data. Multiple users must be protected from
attempting to change the same piece of data at the same time, for
example two operators cannot sell the same seat on an airplane.
Ease of use
Often users of transaction processing systems are casual users. The
system should be simple for them to understand, protect them from
data-entry errors as much as possible, and allow them to easily
correct their errors.
Modular growth
The system should be capable of growth at incremental costs, rather
than requiring a complete replacement. It should be possible to add,
replace, or update hardware and software components without
shutting down the system.
Data
TYPES OF TPS
Real-time
transaction processing
Real-time transaction processing is the
immediate processing of data. It provides instant
confirmation of a transaction but does require
access to an online database.
Real-time processing involves using a terminal or
workstation to enter data and display the results
of the TPS.
It uses a computer network to link the terminals
to the mainframe computer and to access the
online database.
Real-time processing involves a large number of
users who are simultaneously performing
transactions to change data. Even though each
individual user is processing a relatively small
number of records, their requests are being made
1.
contd..
Batch
Batch
transaction processing:
Decision
Characteristics of a DSS
Support
Benefits of DSS
Improves
Officeautomationreferstothevariedcomputer
machineryandsoftwareusedtodigitallycreate,collect,
store,manipulate,andrelayofficeinformationneeded
foraccomplishingbasictasksandgoals.Rawdata
storage,electronictransfer,andthemanagementof
electronicbusinessinformationcomprisethebasic
activitiesofanofficeautomationsystem.Initsbasic
form,informationexistsasletters,memos,graphs,
records,messages,andsoon.Whenthatinformationis
electronicallytransferred,rawdataisexchanged
betweentwoormoreofficeemployees,eitheratthe
sameordifferentlocations.
DATA
Contd..
DATA
EXCHANGE.
The exchange of stored and manipulated information is an equally important
component of an office automation system. Electronic transfer is a general
application area that highlights the exchange of information between more
than one user or participant. Electronic mail, voice mail, and facsimile are
examples of electronic transfer applications. Systems that allow instantaneous
or "real time" transfer of information (i.e. online conversations via computer or
audio exchange with video capture) are considered electronic sharing systems.
Electronic sharing software illustrates the collaborative nature of many office
automation systems. The distinction between electronic transfer and electronic
sharing is subtle but recognizable.
DATA MANAGEMENT.
The last major component of an office automation system offers planning and
strategic advantages by simplifying the management of stored information.
Task management, tickler systems or reminder systems, and scheduling
programs monitor and control various projects and activities within the office.
Electronic management systems monitor and control office activities and tasks
through timelines, resource equations, and electronic scheduling. As in data
exchange, groupware is gaining in popularity for data management. Each
member of the work group or larger group may share access to necessary
information via the automated office system and groupware.
Anexecutive
Components
EIS
Contd..
Software
Choosing the appropriate software is vital to an effective EIS. Therefore,
the software components and how they integrate the data into one
system are important. A typical EIS includes four software components:
Graphic basegraphics can turn volumes of text and statistics into visual
information for executives. Typical graphic types are: time series charts,
scatter diagrams,maps, motion graphics, sequence charts, and
comparison-oriented graphs (i.e.,bar charts)
User interface
An EIS must be efficient to retrieve relevant data for decision makers, so
theuser interfaceis very important. Several types of interfaces can be
available to the EIS structure, such as scheduled reports,
questions/answers, menu driven, command language, natural language,
and input/output.
Telecommunication
As decentralizing is becoming the current trend in companies,
telecommunications will play a pivotal role in networked information
Advantages
of EIS
Easyforupper-levelexecutivestouse,extensivecomputerexperienceis
notrequiredinoperations
Providestimelydeliveryofcompanysummaryinformation
Informationthatisprovidedisbetterunderstood
EISprovidestimelydeliveryofinformation.Managementcanmake
decisionspromptly.
Improvestrackinginformation
Offersefficiencytodecisionmakers
Disadvantages
of EIS
Systemdependent
Limitedfunctionality,bydesign
Informationoverloadforsomemanagers
Benefitshardtoquantify
Highimplementationcosts
Systemmaybecomeslow,large,andhardtomanage
Needgoodinternalprocessesfordatamanagement
Mayleadtolessreliableandlesssecuredata
Difference
Dimension
DSS
MIS
EIS
Focus
Information
processing
Status Access
Typical Users
Served
Analysts, professions,
managers (via
intermediaries)
Senior Executives
Application
Production control,
sales forecasts,
financial analysis,
human resource
management
Environmental scanning,
performance
evaluation, identifying
problems and
opportunities
Decision
Support
Capabilities
Repetitive decisions
Type of
Information
Information to support
specific situations
Scheduled and
demand reports;
structured flow,
exception reporting
mainly internal
operations
Principal Use
Planning, Organizing,
staffing and control
Control
Construction
By vendors or IS
specialists
By Vendors or IS
Specialists