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    Amblyopia: Alvin Pratama Jauharie I11111063

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    Alvin Pratama
    Amblyopia is reduced vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development as a result of certain vision problems in childhood such as strabismus (misaligned eyes), high refractive errors between the two eyes (anisometropia), or form deprivation. The main causes are strabismus, anisometropia, high refractive errors in both eyes, and form deprivation from conditions like cataracts. Treatment involves patching or using atropine drops in the good eye to force use of the amblyopic eye, along with prescribing corrective lenses if needed. The earlier treatment begins, the more successful it tends to be.

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    Amblyopia: Alvin Pratama Jauharie I11111063

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    Alvin Pratama
    24 views27 pages
    Amblyopia is reduced vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development as a result of certain vision problems in childhood such as strabismus (misaligned eyes), high refractive errors between the two eyes (anisometropia), or form deprivation. The main causes are strabismus, anisometropia, high refractive errors in both eyes, and form deprivation from conditions like cataracts. Treatment involves patching or using atropine drops in the good eye to force use of the amblyopic eye, along with prescribing corrective lenses if needed. The earlier treatment begins, the more successful it tends to be.

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    ambliopia

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    Amblyopia is reduced vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development as a result of certain vision problems in childhood such as strabismus (misaligned eyes), high refractive errors between the two eyes (anisometropia), or form deprivation. The main causes are strabismus, anisometropia, high refractive errors in both eyes, and form deprivation from conditions like cataracts. Treatment involves patching or using atropine drops in the good eye to force use of the amblyopic eye, along with prescribing corrective lenses if needed. The earlier treatment begins, the more successful it tends to be.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views27 pages

    Amblyopia: Alvin Pratama Jauharie I11111063

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Pratama
    Amblyopia is reduced vision in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development as a result of certain vision problems in childhood such as strabismus (misaligned eyes), high refractive errors between the two eyes (anisometropia), or form deprivation. The main causes are strabismus, anisometropia, high refractive errors in both eyes, and form deprivation from conditions like cataracts. Treatment involves patching or using atropine drops in the good eye to force use of the amblyopic eye, along with prescribing corrective lenses if needed. The earlier treatment begins, the more successful it tends to be.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    AMBLYOPIA

    Alvin Pratama Jauharie


    I11111063

    Definition
    Amblyopia is an impairment of vision arising
    from dysfunction of processing of visual
    information caused by degradation of the
    retinal image during a sensitive period of
    visual development

    Etiology

    Strabismus: Most common form (along with


    anisometropia). The eyes are misaligned.
    Vision is worse in the consistently deviating,
    nonfixating eye. Anisometropia: Most
    common form (along with strabismus). A
    large difference in refractive error (usually
    >1.5 diopters) between the two eyes.

    Etiology
    Organic causes: A unilateral cataract,
    corneal scar, may cause a preference for
    the other eye and thereby cause amblyopia.
    Occlusion: Amblyopia that occurs in the
    fellow eye as a result of too much patching
    or excessive use of atropine. Prevented by
    examining at appropriate intervals (1 week
    per year of age), patching part-time, or
    using the full cycloplegic refraction when
    using atropine

    Patophysiology
    Brains does not full recognize the image
    from amblyopic eye
    Weakening of that eye over time and a
    reduction in its clarity of vision
    Brain may block or suppress the images
    sent by eye and favor the clearer eye

    Classification
    Strabismus amblyopia
    Anisometropia amblyopia
    Amblyopia due to bilateral high refractive
    error (isometropia)
    Deprivation amblyopia

    Strabismus amblyopia
    The most commom form of ambyopia
    Strabismic amblyopia is thought to result
    from competitive or inhibitory interaction
    between neurons carrying the nonfusible
    inputs from two eye
    Which leads to domination of cortical vision
    centers by the fixating eye and chronocally
    reduced responsiveness to the nonfixating
    eye input

    Strabismus amblyopia

    Anisometropia amblyopia
    It develop when unequal refractive error in
    the two eyes causes image on the one
    retina to be chronically defocused
    A blurred image in more ametropic eye

    Uncorrected moderate/high
    astigmatism
    A.
    B.
    C.
    D.
    E.

    Compund myopic
    Simple myopic
    Mixed astigmatism
    Simple hyperopic
    Compound
    hyperopic

    Amblyopia due to
    isometropia
    Isometropia amblyopia resut from large,
    approximately equal, uncorrected refractive
    error in both eyes of a young child
    The degree of refractive error which capble
    of inducing amblyopia

    Deprivation amblyopia
    It is usually caused by congenital or early
    acquired media opacity :
    Congenital/traumatic cataract
    Congenital ptosis
    Congenital/traumatic corneal opacities

    Sign and symptoms

    Symptoms
    No symptoms
    Blurred vision
    Reduced vision
    Reduced contrast
    sensitivity

    Signs
    No obvius sign, unless
    severe abnormaity is
    present
    Rubbing or squinting
    of eyes
    Misaligning eyes
    Reduced VA
    Droopy eyelid

    Assessment amblyopia
    1. Assessment of deviation :
    Hirchberg test
    Bruchner test
    2. Visual Acuity
    3. Neutral Density (ND) Filter
    4. Worths Four Dot

    Hirschberg test

    Bruckner test

    Visual Acuity
    Amblyopia perform better when isolated
    letters are used instead of full chart
    Crowding effect

    Neutral density (ND) filter


    Strabismic amblyopia
    Better VA with ND fiter
    compared to normal eye
    Anisometropic amblyopia
    Cannot be diagnosed
    with ND fiter

    Neutral Density (ND) Filter

    Worths four dot test


    a.
    b.
    c.

    d.

    e.

    Prior to use glasses


    Normal
    Left
    suppression/amblyopia
    Right
    suppression/amblyopia
    diplopia

    Treatment

    Treatment
    Patients younger than 10 years:
    Appropriate spectacle correction (full
    cycloplegic refraction or reduce the hyperopia in
    both eyes symmetrically 1.50 diopters).
    Patching: Patch the eye with better corrected
    vision 2 to 6 hours/day for 1 week per year of
    age (e.g., 3 weeks for a 3-year-old), with at
    least one hour of near activity. Adhesive
    patches placed directly over the eye are most
    effective.

    Treatment

    If occlusion amblyopia (i.e., a decrease in vision


    in the patched eye) develops, patch the opposite
    eye for a short period (e.g., 1 day per year of
    age), and repeat the examination.

    Treatment
    Penalization with atropine: Atropine 1% once
    daily (used with glasses) has been shown to be
    equally effective with patching in mild to
    moderate amblyopia (20/100 or better).

    Patients >10 years of age


    A trial of spectacle correction, patching and/or
    atropine may be considered if not attempted
    previously. If treatment of amblyopia fails,
    protective glasses should be worn to prevent
    accidental injury to the nonamblyopic eye.
    Treatment of media opacity: Remove the media
    opacity and begin patching the nonamblyopic eye.
    Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia: Give the
    appropriate spectacle correction at the youngest
    age possible (best if given before age 5)

    TERIMA KASIH

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