Semp

Shipboard Energy Efficiency:
Regulations, Standards & Opportunities
Thomas Kirk, Director of Environmental Programs

J. C. Ferreira, VP South America
Rio de Janeiro
31 October 2012
INTERTANKO
Outline
IMO regulations on energy efficiency and management
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)
ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management

Systems (EnMS)
Requirements with guidance for use
Target areas for energy efficiency
CO2 Emissions from International Shipping
Source: Second IMO GHG Study 2009
IMO Strategy for CO2 Emission Mitigation
Potential CO2 Reduction Due to EEDI & SEEMP
By 2020: reduction from BAU ~151mt or 13%

of which 76% is due to SEEMP and 24%
EEDI
Source: MEPC 63/INF.2; ref: MEPC 63/5/13
De Facto Framework for Energy Efficiency
EEDI
Measure energy efficiency in terms of CO2 emissions at full-load draft

and 75% MCR
Benchmark energy efficiency of new ships against that of the world

fleet of 1999-2009
Benchmark to improve in phases
SEEMP
All ships to implement energy

efficiency measures in service
Continuous improvement
IMO Regulations on Energy Efficiency
Enter into force 1 January 2013
New ships: EEDI and SEEMP

Existing ships: SEEMP
Definition of ship Art 2(4)

A vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the
marine environment and includes hydrofoil
boats, air-cushioned vehicles, submersibles,
floating craft and fixed or floating platforms
Regulation 22
SEEMP guidelines Resolution

MEPC 213 (63)
Implementation
Developed SEEMP in accordance

with guidelines
Keep a copy on board
Survey verify a copy is on board
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

(SEEMP)
1Each ship shall keep on board a ship specific
(SEEMP). This may form part of the ship's Safety
Management System (SMS).
2The SEEMP shall be developed taking into
account guidelines adopted by the Organization.
Regulation 5
Surveys
4.1 An initial surveyshall verifythat the
SEEMP required by regulation 22 is on board.
4.4 For existing ships, the verification of the
requirement to have a SEEMP on boardshall
take place at the first intermediate or renewal
survey whichever is the first.
EEDI: The 99% Cases

Main engine
CO2 emission
per unit time
Aux engine
CO2 emission
per unit time
PPTI = 0
fj = 1
except where
PTI is fitted
except for iceclass ships, or

shuttle
tankers
PAEeff = 0
except where fitted with
WHR system that
generates power
fi =1
fc =1
fw = 1
except for correction

for ice-class ships,
CSR ships, voluntary
structural enhancement
except for chemical

and LNG tankers
unless optional
EEDIweather required
DWT;
70% DWT for
containerships; GT
for
passengerships
Peff = 0
except where non-fuel
propulsion assisting
system is
fitted
Speed at
Capacity and
75%MCR
Reference EEDIs to be Reduced in Phases
Attained EEDI should not be more than

referenced EEDI
Applicable only to 7 ship types at first

Not applicable to ships with diesel-electric,
turbine or hybrid propulsion systems
7 Ship Types
Bulk carrier
Tanker
Gas tanker
Containership
General cargo
Refrigerated cargo
Combination carrier
Reference EEDIs to be
reduced in phases
EEDI Impact on Designs
EEDI will drive optimization

in ship design:
Reduce resistance
Improve propulsive
efficiency
Recover waste
heat
Increase cargo carrying
capacity
Reduce speed
Other
Should understand the

physics of energy losses
10
Reduce Energy Losses

Typical distribution of energy losses for a tanker in BF6
Heat
52%
Exhaust
Engine
losses
Transmission loss
Frictional loss
16%
Propeller
losses
Rotational
loss
Weather Axial
& waves
loss
Residual
32%
Hull
losses
resistance Hull
resistance
Air resistance
Wave-making
10
15
20
25
30
Loss % (Bunker burnt = 100% available energy)

Source: Second IMO GHG Study, 2009
11
Off-the-Shelf Solutions
Engine losses
Propeller losses
Hull losses
Waste heat recovery systems

Organic Rankin Cycle
Ducts
Energy-saving devices for propeller
Contra-rotating propellers
CLT, Kappel propeller
PBCF
LSE coating
Hull, bow, stern optimization
Air lubrication
Other
12
Energy-saving Devices
How to select energy-saving device?
How effective are the devices (in calm water and seaway
conditions)?
How to tailor the energy-saving device to fit a specific

ship?
For example, how to optimize propeller/hull/rudder/ES device

interaction?
Enough structural strength of the devices, no excessive

vibration
13
Improving Designs
Hull form, bow and stern redesigned and optimized for a range of
operational drafts and sea states
Improved propeller design methodology considering propellerrudder interactions and operating profile
Improved engine technology
Electronic control
Variable-nozzle turbochargers
Longer stroke
Spread fuel efficiency across wider operating load range
Twin-screw? Higher propulsive

efficiency at expense of first
cost
14
IMO Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures

Reduce air/wind resistance
Reduce wave-making resistance

by shape of stern
Optimize superstructures
12,000teu Containership
1
2
3
x
Optimize stern shape
Reduce friction resistance
Low friction coating
Air lubrication
x
x
Improve propeller efficiency
Pre-swirl fins
Stern duct
Post-swirl systems
Sprit stern
Hybrid pods
Contra-rotating propeller
Waste heat recovery system
x
x
14.5%
x
26.1%
x
x
37.7%
Source: MEPC 60/4/36 16 Jan 2010
x
x
13.4%
x
x
17.1%
x
x
Improvement rate of main engine fuel oil
300,000dwt Tanker
1
2
3
29.2%
15
OCIMF Assessment of
Energy Efficiency Measures for VLCC
Summary CO2 emission
improvement:
Resistance 6%
Propulsion 6.5%
Machinery 7%
Operations 5%
(Not necessarily cumulative)
Use top-range low-friction coating

Optimize main dimensions and lines for life cycle
cost
Improved propeller designs methodology
including use of contracted loaded tip propeller
Propeller pre-swirl device for suboptimal stern
hull form
Improved propulsion through bestpractice duct
or vane wheel
Exhaust heat recovery using PTI
Improved engine control
Wind assistance
Frequency controlled pumps
Voyage optimization, including virtual arrival
Optimize maintenance of hull, propeller and
machinery
Source: MEPC 63/INF.7 25 Nov 2011
16
Purpose of SEEMP is to provide a mechanism to improve

efficiency in ship and unit operation
SEEMP may form part of a safety management system or

environmental management system or may be certified under
ISO 50001
Each SEEMP to be ship-unit-specific
SEEMP ideally linked to broader

corporate energy management policy
Large number of ship operators operating

more efficiently will make a difference
Limit onboard administrative burdens

17
IMO Guidelines for SEEMP
Four-step continuous improvement process
18
Implementing SEEMP
19
SEEMP Development
SEEMP development
Energy auditing helps (if only just to unearth entrenched habits)
Involve practitioners in development ownership from outset
Ownership facilitates training and implementation
Incentive schemes
The success of the plan depends on willingness

and enthusiasm of staff to implement it and well
Training ship and shore staff
About the plan; and how it is to be managed
On new skills as applicable
On implementations
Expectations and incentives
Implementation
Guidance should be provided by energy

efficiency team
Monitoring and evaluation should be totally

transparent
Auditing should adopt constructive help-to-
20
Energy Performance Indicator (EnPI)
For cargo ships, IMO recommends (not mandatory) energy efficiency

operational indicator (EEOI) MEPC.1/Circ.684
Required parameters for EnPI
The base represents useful work done
CO2 emitted based on fuel burnt for useful work done
For PSVs
CO2 emitted per ton-mile
The base is measure of cargo by weight alone appropriate?
For AHTS
The base e.g. for anchor handling is the number and weight of anchor and
water depth; for tow is the deadweight tons and distance, etc.
21
Action Plan
Prepare SEEMP (and CEEMP)
Management policy and task responsibilities

Energy baselines and energy performance indicators; targets (if
any)
The energy-saving measures to be implemented; how and by whom;
implementation period; etc.
Methods of measurements, monitoring and recordkeeping
The improvement plans
Method of self-evaluation and improvement
Staff training and awareness ship and shore
Implementation
Monitoring
Self-evaluation and improvement

22
Sample SEEMP Form
23
Where Should SEEMP Sit?
SEEMP can be a standalone document
It can be a part of the overall ship management system
ABS has incorporated EnMS certification into its existing

HSQE certification
Now called HSQEEn
24
ISO 50001 & SEEMP
For most operators, MARPOL Annex VI in its entirety is a legal

requirement as mentioned in ISO 50001
The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is an

ideal vehicle for shipboard energy efficiency under ISO
50001
SEEMP is mandatory
beginning in 2013
SEEMP under ISO 50001

is audited and will have
to meet more stringent
requirements
25
ISO 50001 & SEEMP
Areas where ISO 50001 will force SEEMP to be above minimum
Documentation and documentation retention for audit purpose

Energy Efficiency audits on board
EEOI or equivalent becomes mandatory
Goals, targets becomes requirements
Each consumer and each measure (as identified in the ISO 50001
scopes and boundaries) shall be measured
Records of review and corrective action to
measures to be recorded
These aspects may should be considered

when developing the SEEMP if the company
has its eyes on ISO 50001 in the future
ISO 50001 and SEEMP fit together

26
ISO 50001 EnMS

Organizations commitment to:
Continuous improvement in energy
performance
Resources to achieve objectives
and targets
Comply with legal and in-house
requirements
Framework for setting and reviewing energy
objectives and targets
Purchase of energy-efficient products and
services
Documenting and communicating within
organizations
Policy regularly review and update
Source: ISO 50001
27
EnMS Documentation Requirements
Policy
Scope to be covered
Energy objectives, targets and action plans
Documented energy planning process including criteria for the

energy review process
Energy purchasing specifications
Numerous requirements for

records to demonstrate
conformance with a
requirement
28
ABS EnMS Model
The ABS Marine HSQE(En) Guide
Upgraded to include new Energy requirements

A model integrated management system for Marine and Offshore
application incorporating Safety, Health, Quality, Environment and
Energy requirements
Single integrated audits
Class notation
29
NS5 Energy & Environmental Software

Fleet Mgrs
Corporate
Dashboard
Dashboard
Electronically-generated
Logs and Reports
Oil Record Log
Fuel switching
Ballast Log
Corporate Reports including

Extra-Financial QSE Report
NS5 Energy Module
Office
Bridge
Dashboard
Compliance Reports
ISM
ISPS
ISO 14001
Masters
Dashboard
NS5 Server +
On Board Module
Emissions
Bridge
Existent Shipboard LAN
Tank levels
OWS
30
Typical Benefits of EnMS
Decreased energy consumption translates to savings in cost
Reduces exposure to rising energy cost
Aligns comfortably with MARPOL energy efficiency regulations
Helps prepare for carbon accounting
Reduces environmental footprint
Improves corporate image and

public perception
Improves operational
efficiencies
Supports sustainable growth
31
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Shipboard Energy Efficiency:

Regulations, Standards & Opportunities

Thomas Kirk, Director of Environmental Programs

IMO regulations on energy efficiency and management

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)

ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management

Requirements with guidance for use

Target areas for energy efficiency

CO2 Emissions from International Shipping

Source: Second IMO GHG Study 2009

IMO Strategy for CO2 Emission Mitigation

Potential CO2 Reduction Due to EEDI & SEEMP

By 2020: reduction from BAU ~151mt or 13%

Source: MEPC 63/INF.2; ref: MEPC 63/5/13

De Facto Framework for Energy Efficiency

Measure energy efficiency in terms of CO2 emissions at full-load draft

Benchmark energy efficiency of new ships against that of the world

All ships to implement energy

IMO Regulations on Energy Efficiency

Enter into force 1 January 2013

New ships: EEDI and SEEMP

Definition of ship Art 2(4)

SEEMP guidelines Resolution

Developed SEEMP in accordance

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

EEDI: The 99% Cases

except for iceclass ships, or

except for correction

except for chemical

Reference EEDIs to be Reduced in Phases

Attained EEDI should not be more than

Applicable only to 7 ship types at first

EEDI Impact on Designs

EEDI will drive optimization

Should understand the

Reduce Energy Losses

Loss % (Bunker burnt = 100% available energy)

Waste heat recovery systems

How to select energy-saving device?

How to tailor the energy-saving device to fit a specific

For example, how to optimize propeller/hull/rudder/ES device

Enough structural strength of the devices, no excessive

Improved engine technology

Twin-screw? Higher propulsive

IMO Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures

Reduce wave-making resistance

Optimize stern shape

Reduce friction resistance

Low friction coating

Improve propeller efficiency

Waste heat recovery system

Source: MEPC 60/4/36 16 Jan 2010

Improvement rate of main engine fuel oil

(Not necessarily cumulative)

Use top-range low-friction coating

Source: MEPC 63/INF.7 25 Nov 2011

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Purpose of SEEMP is to provide a mechanism to improve