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    Gyroscopic Principles

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    Ali Abu Shhiwa
    Gyroscopic principles include rigidity in space, where a gyroscope will remain in a fixed position. When a force is applied to a spinning gyro, it will precess and respond as if the force was applied at a 90 degree angle to the direction of rotation. A gyro inside instruments mounted on the instrument panel has a spin axis that is either vertically or horizontally oriented. It remains fixed in space, allowing the instrument to indicate the attitude and bank angle of the aircraft. The output of gyros is used in systems like autopilots, flight recorders, and radar antenna stabilization. Remote gyro systems include a vertical gyro, instrument modules, and horizon indicators. They indicate the aircraft's pitch and roll

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    Gyroscopic Principles

    Uploaded by

    Ali Abu Shhiwa
    378 views38 pages
    Gyroscopic principles include rigidity in space, where a gyroscope will remain in a fixed position. When a force is applied to a spinning gyro, it will precess and respond as if the force was applied at a 90 degree angle to the direction of rotation. A gyro inside instruments mounted on the instrument panel has a spin axis that is either vertically or horizontally oriented. It remains fixed in space, allowing the instrument to indicate the attitude and bank angle of the aircraft. The output of gyros is used in systems like autopilots, flight recorders, and radar antenna stabilization. Remote gyro systems include a vertical gyro, instrument modules, and horizon indicators. They indicate the aircraft's pitch and roll

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    Gyroscopic principles include rigidity in space, where a gyroscope will remain in a fixed position. When a force is applied to a spinning gyro, it will precess and respond as if the force was applied at a 90 degree angle to the direction of rotation. A gyro inside instruments mounted on the instrument panel has a spin axis that is either vertically or horizontally oriented. It remains fixed in space, allowing the instrument to indicate the attitude and bank angle of the aircraft. The output of gyros is used in systems like autopilots, flight recorders, and radar antenna stabilization. Remote gyro systems include a vertical gyro, instrument modules, and horizon indicators. They indicate the aircraft's pitch and roll

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    378 views38 pages

    Gyroscopic Principles

    Uploaded by

    Ali Abu Shhiwa
    Gyroscopic principles include rigidity in space, where a gyroscope will remain in a fixed position. When a force is applied to a spinning gyro, it will precess and respond as if the force was applied at a 90 degree angle to the direction of rotation. A gyro inside instruments mounted on the instrument panel has a spin axis that is either vertically or horizontally oriented. It remains fixed in space, allowing the instrument to indicate the attitude and bank angle of the aircraft. The output of gyros is used in systems like autopilots, flight recorders, and radar antenna stabilization. Remote gyro systems include a vertical gyro, instrument modules, and horizon indicators. They indicate the aircraft's pitch and roll

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 38
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that gyroscopes have the properties of rigidity in space and precession in response to applied forces, allowing them to be used for attitude indication and navigation.

    Gyroscopes work based on the principles of rigidity in space and precession - when a spinning gyroscope is subjected to a torque, it responds by rotating about an axis perpendicular to both the axis of rotation and the applied force.

    The main components of a gyroscopic instrument are the vertical gyro, instrument modules containing servo amplifiers, and indicators such as the horizon indicator. The vertical gyro maintains its spin axis vertically and provides attitude information to the indicators through the instrument modules.

    Gyroscopic Principles

    Rigidity in space
    Gyroscope will remain in a fixed position
    Precession
    When a force applied to gyro, it will respond as

    if force were applied 90* in direction of rotation

    Property of gyro (page 84)


    A) tendency of spinning gyro to remain fixed in space (the
    gyro rotor will try to maintain its position in space even
    when mounting base is tilted and rotate(
    B) right angle obstinacy (the effect of outside force to tilt or
    rotate the gyro will move at right angle to the direction of
    force in the direction of rotation

    Behavior of vertical gyro (page 86)


    The gyro continuously being corrected to vertical position of
    airplane this will make possible for pilot to know the actual
    attitude of his air plane
    Attitude a) nose up nose down (pitch)
    b) wing level (roll)
    The output from gyro is used in
    a) Autopilot b) flight recorder c) radar antenna stabilization
    d) flight director

    Gimbal Rings

    Gyro inside the indicator (page 87)


    it used inside the indicators mounted directly on the

    instrument panel
    figure 5-4
    gyro mounted with spin axis vertically and have free
    movement in all axis
    horizon indicator coupled to the inner gimbals to show the
    attitude of air plane
    figure 5-5
    gyro mounted to the spin axis horizontally
    compass indicator card attached to vertical gimbals
    disadvantage of this type need manual heading correction
    use magnetic compass at level flight as reference)
    in commercial air craft we use large expensive gyro not
    too far from the center of gravity and control remote
    indicators in flight instrument panel

    11

    12

    Gyro horizon indicator no. 1 and no. 2


    (page 88-89)

    Inner portion of this indicator is moveable sphere


    Heavy black line = horizon (separate the light

    color upper half from dark lower half


    W with dot at center and horizon bar extending
    from the sides represent the air plane this symbol is
    fixed position in front of sphere
    figure 5-9 and figure 5-10 show the position of
    indicator with respect to air plane body
    other figure show the position of indicator with
    respect to pilot
    nose up nose down can read angle on the sphere
    with the center of W
    bank left and right can read from the top of
    indicator with respect to position lower triangle

    Remote gyro horizon (page 90)


    Integrated instrument show in addition to attitude (roll pitch)
    Slip indicator (ball insert in curve tube filled with damping
    fluid) to show the air plane if slipping or sliding to one side or
    other
    Rate of turn indicator above slip indicator if the needle is
    directly out side one dot the air plane is turning at rate of 180
    degree per minute in the direction indicated
    Glide slope deviation indicator on the right side
    Speed error indicator on the left show the air plan travel
    faster or slower the preselected speed
    Decision light s (on the upper right
    corner) show the preselected radio
    altitude above the run way has been
    reached or decent
    Flight director light (on left hand
    upper corner) show flight director
    turned on
    Push to test button (at lower left)

    15

    :Artificial Horizon with


    ILSAOADH-

    16

    Red flag shows air or electric


    power is off line, thus
    .instrument is not reliable

    17

    Artificial Horizon

    18

    Manual Caging

    19

    20

    21

    Remote vertical gyro (page 91)


    Vertical gyro called because its spin axis is automatically maintain vertically by

    gravity sensing roll and pitch erection systems


    Erection system :a system maintain spin axis vertically
    We have two erection system
    1. Roll axis erection system
    2. pitch axis erection system
    Torquer: frustrated motor used to erect the spin axis
    Roll Erection torquing is cut off when the bank angle exceeds about 6 degree
    We use isolated transformer in the output to lessen possible bad effect on the three
    legged signal
    Commercial A/C never bank or pitch beyond

    90 0

    Remote horizon system (page 92/93)


    Remote gyro horizon system comprised off (vertical gyro,

    instrument modules(servo amplifier), horizon ind.)


    Instrument module part of black box
    Push to test (switch on the front face of indicator.) when
    push the indicator. will show right wing down and nose up
    and the gyro warning flag appear
    In parked airplane this test would indicate whether the
    trouble is probably in vertical gyro or servo amplifier or in
    horizon indicator

    Remote directional gyro (page 94)


    The spin axis of Directional gyro is maintained in horizontal

    position
    Directional gyro is used in a remote reading compass

    Rate gyro inside turn ind. (page 95)


    Gyro inside panel mounted rate of turn ind. Used in autopilot
    The difference between rate gyro (free in one axis) and

    normal gyro(free in all axis) is having freedom of movement


    in one axis
    The gimbals is capable of moving around x-axis but its motion
    limited by the spring

    Basic rate gyro basic (page 97)


    Instead of using aspiring to restrict the motion in one axis there
    is a torsion bar

    Inclinometer slip indicator

    26

    Co-ordinated Turn

    27

    28

    29

    Gimbals vs. strap down

    (page 99)

    Gimbals system isolate the acceleration sensing devices

    from rotational motion of the air plane and maintain plate


    form parallel to the earth rotation
    Gyro scopic which cause the gyro gimbals to rotate about
    the gyro output axis and generate output signal from the
    gyro pick off which represent the angular displacement of
    the Gimbals
    Strap down system gyro and accelerometers are mounted to
    the body of the vehicle the total # of sensor in each system
    is twelve (6 gyro , 6 accelerometer
    Advantage of strap down over Gimbals system is if any
    sensor in Gimbals system fail the entire system useless
    (navigation failure) but the strap down remains operational
    even after three gyro and three accelerometers have failed

    MEMS
    Micro-electromechanical Sensor

    RLG Ring Laser Gyro

    34

    35

    DC-9

    777

    EADI

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