31 CombinationalCircuits

COE 202: Digital Logic Design
Combinational Circuits
Part 1
Courtesy of Dr. Ahmad Almulhem
KFUPM
Objectives
Types of Logic Circuits
Combinational
Sequential
Designing Combinational Circuits

Procedure
Examples
KFUPM
Two classes of logic circuits:
Sequential Circuits
A Combinational circuit consists of logic gates

Output depends only on input
A Sequential circuit consists of logic gates and

memory
Output depends on current inputs and previous ones
(stored in memory)
Memory defines the state of the circuit.
KFUPM
n inputs
Combinational
Circuits
m outputs
A combinational circuit has:

n Boolean inputs (1 or more),
m Boolean outputs (1 or more)
logic gates mapping the inputs to the outputs
KFUPM
Designing Combinational
Circuits
How to design a combinational circuit?
Use all the information and tools you learned
Binary system, Boolean Algebra, K-Maps, etc.
Follow the step-by-step procedure given next
KFUPM
Design Procedure
1. Specification
Write a specification for the circuit if one is not already available

Specify/Label input and output
2. Formulation
Derive a truth table or initial Boolean equations that define the

required relationships between the inputs and outputs, if not in
the specification
Apply hierarchical design if appropriate
3. Optimization
Apply 2-level and multiple-level optimization (Boolean Algebra, KMap, software)

Draw a logic diagram or provide a netlist for the resulting circuit
using ANDs, ORs, and inverters
KFUPM
Design Procedure (Cont.)

4.
Technology Mapping
5.
Map the logic diagram or netlist to the implementation

technology selected (e.g. map into NANDs)
Verification
Verify the correctness of the final design manually or

using simulation
Practical Considerations:
Cost of gates (Number)
Maximum allowed delay
Fanin/Fanout
KFUPM
Example 1
Question: Design a circuit that has a 3-bit input and a
single output (F) specified as follows:
F = 0, when the input is less than (5) 10
F = 1, otherwise
Solution:
Step 1 (Specification):
Label the inputs (3 bits) as X, Y, Z
X is the most significant bit, Z is the least significant bit
The output (1 bit) is F:

F = 1 (101)2, (110)2, (111)2
F = 0 other inputs
KFUPM
Example 1 (cont.)
Question: Design a circuit that has a 3-bit input and a
single output (F) specified as follows:
F = 0, when the input is less than (5) 10
F = 1, otherwise
Solution:
Label the inputs (3 bits) as X, Y, Z
X is the most significant bit, Z is the least significant bit
The output (1 bit) is F:

F = 1 (101)2, (110)2, (111)2
F = 0 other inputs
KFUPM
Example 1 (cont.)
Step 3 (Optimization)
Step 2 (Formulation)
Obtain Truth table
X
YZ
00
0
0
01
0
11
0
1
10
0 F = XZ + XY
1
Circuit Diagram
KFUPM
Example 2
Question (BCD to Excess-3 Code Converter)
Code converters convert from one code to another
(BCD to Excess-3 in this example)
The inputs are defined by the code that is to be
converted (BCD in this example)
The outputs are defined by the converted code
(Excess-3 in this example)
Recall Excess-3 code is a decimal digit plus three
converted into binary, i.e. 0 is 0011, 1 is 0100, etc.
KFUPM
Example 2 (cont.)
BCD Input
Step 1 (Specification)
Excess 3 Output
Decimal
Obtain Truth table
4-bit BCD input (A,B,C,D)

4-bit E-3 output (W,X,Y,Z)
10-15
KFUPM
All other inputs
Example 2 (cont.)
BCD Input
Step 1 (Specification)
Excess 3 Output
Decimal
Obtain Truth table
4-bit BCD input (A,B,C,D)

4-bit E-3 output (W,X,Y,Z)
10-15
KFUPM
All other inputs
Example 2 (cont.)
src: Manos book

src: online CD
KFUPM
Example 3
Question (BCD-to-Seven-Segment Decoder)
src: Manos book
A seven-segment display is digital readout found in electronic

devices like clocks, TVs, etc.
Made of seven light-emitting diodes (LED) segments; each segment is
controlled separately.
A BCD-to-Seven-Segment decoder is a combinational circuit

Accepts a decimal digit in BCD (input)
Generates appropriate outputs for the segments to display the input
decimal digit (output)
KFUPM
Example 3 (cont.)
4 inputs (A, B, C, D)
7 outputs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g)
a b c d e f g
BCD-to-SevenSegment
Decoder
A B C D
KFUPM
Example 3 (cont.)
BCD Input
7 Segment Decoder
Decimal
10-15
All Other Inputs

KFUPM
Invalid
BCD
codes
=
No Light
Example 3 (cont.)
KFUPM
Example 3 (cont.)
Step 3 (Optimization) (cont.)
a = AC + ABD + ABC + BCD

b = AB + ACD + ACD + BC
c = AB + BC + AC + AD
d = ACD + ABC + BCD+ABC+ABCD
e = ACD + BCD
f = ABC + ACD + ABD + ABC
g = ACD + ABC + ABC + ABC
Exercise: Draw the circuit
KFUPM
Conclusion
There are two types of logic circuits
Combinational
Sequential
Design Procedure
Specification *
Formulation *
Optimization *
Technology Mapping
Verification
Examples
KFUPM

31 CombinationalCircuits

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

31 CombinationalCircuits

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

31 CombinationalCircuits

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

COE 202: Digital Logic Design

Courtesy of Dr. Ahmad Almulhem

Designing Combinational Circuits

A Combinational circuit consists of logic gates

A Sequential circuit consists of logic gates and

A combinational circuit has:

Follow the step-by-step procedure given next

Write a specification for the circuit if one is not already available

Derive a truth table or initial Boolean equations that define the

Apply 2-level and multiple-level optimization (Boolean Algebra, KMap, software)

Design Procedure (Cont.)

Map the logic diagram or netlist to the implementation

Verify the correctness of the final design manually or

The output (1 bit) is F:

The output (1 bit) is F:

Obtain Truth table

4-bit BCD input (A,B,C,D)

All other inputs

Obtain Truth table

4-bit BCD input (A,B,C,D)

All other inputs

src: Manos book

A seven-segment display is digital readout found in electronic

A BCD-to-Seven-Segment decoder is a combinational circuit

All Other Inputs

a = AC + ABD + ABC + BCD

You might also like