Nebosh International General Certificate: IGC First Edition - IGC2 Element 4 - v.1.0 - Slide 1 860409

NEBOSH
International
General Certificate
Copyright RMS Publishing
IGC First Edition - IGC2 Element 4 - v.1.0 - Slide 1
860409
Licence details
RMS Publishing Limited
Victoria House, Lower High Street, Stourbridge DY8 1TA
ACT Associates Limited.
First Edition September 2007.
All rights reserved. No part of this presentation may be stored in a retrieval system, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers.
This presentation may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form other than that in which it is published,
without the prior consent of the Publishers.
This presentation may not be reproduced in any form without prior consent of the Publishers other than a single copy thumbnail handout for
immediate use by the tutor.
Whilst every effort is made to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the information contained herein, RMS/ACT can bear no liability for any
omission or error.
Issued to: Strabag

Single Licence
Licence No: 860409

860409
NEBOSH
International
General Certificate
860409
Unit IGC2
Control of
International
workplace hazards
860409
Element 4
Electrical - hazards
and control
860409
Electrical hazards and control
Learning outcomes
4.1
4.2
Identify the hazards and evaluate the

consequential risks from the use of electricity
in the workplace
Describe the control measures that should be
taken when working with electrical systems
or using electrical equipment

860409
Contents of element
4.1
4.2
Hazards and risks associated with

electricity at work
Control measures

860409
Contents of element
4.1
4.2

electricity at work
Control measures

860409

Hazards and risks associated with electricity at work
Principles of electricity
If misused can be very dangerous and often fatal

Has a major danger
Sight, hearing and smell will not detect electricity
Contact with exposed conductors 240V can be lethal
Number of electrical notifiable accidents is small
10-20 reported fatalities each year so severity is high
Accident often caused by complacency not ignorance

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Basic circuitry
Current - flow of electrons through a conductor
Current flows due to differences in electrical pressure
Differences are measured in volts
Direct current (DC)
Alternating current (AC)
Resistance, inductance or capacitance
Impedance measured in ohms

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A basic electrical circuit
Source: RMS Publishing

860409

Relationship between voltage, current and resistance
Electrical pressure = Volts (V)
Current = Amperes or Milliamperes (I)
Resistance = OHMS (R)
V=IxR

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An electric circuit under fault conditions showing
resistances in the path of a fault current
Source: R. Gilmour.

860409

Relationship between voltage, current and resistance
By Ohms law;
Current
Voltage
Resistance

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Hazards of electricity
Shock
Electrical burns
Electrical fires
Explosions
Secondary injuries

860409

Electric shock and its effects on the body

Effects of current flowing in the human body
CURRENT (mA)
LENGTH OF TIME
LIKELY EFECTS
0-1
Not critical
Threshold of feeling. Undetected by person.
1-15
Not critical
Threshold of cramp. Independent loosening of the

hands no longer possible.
15-30
Minutes
Cramp-like pulling together of the arms, breathing

difficult. Limit of tolerance.
30-50
Seconds to minutes
Strong cramp like effects, loss of consciousness due

to restricted breathing. Longer time may lead to
fibrillation.
50-500
Less than one heart period

(750 mS)
No fibrillation. Strong shock effects.
Greater
period
Fibrillation. Loss of consciousness. Burn marks.
Over 500
than
one
heart
Less than one heart period
Fibrillation. Loss of consciousness. Burn marks.

Source: RMS Publishing

860409

Electric shock and its effect on the body
Factors influencing severity

Voltage
Frequency
Duration
Resistance
Current path

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First aid treatment for electric shock
In case of electrical shock:
Do
Switch off or remove the plug
No remaining connection to the supply
Assess the situation
Call for qualified support
If safe, check the casualtys response

860409


Check
A - Airway
Is it open?
B - Breathing
Is the casualty breathing normally?
C - Circulation Does the casualty have a normal
pulse?

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Action
CPR
Recovery position
Keep the casualty under observation

860409


Do not
Do not go near the casualty until the electricity supply is
proven to be off
Do not delay
Do not wait

860409

Electrical burns
Direct
Electricity passing through the body
Burns to the skin and tissue
Indirect
Short circuit contacts
Hot parts
Molten materials
Fire

860409

Electrical fires
Common causes
Wiring with defects such as insulation failure
Overheating of cables
Incorrect fuse rating
Poor connections

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Portable electric equipment

Conditions and practices likely to lead to accidents
Unsuitable equipment
Inadequate maintenance
Use of defective apparatus

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Secondary hazards
Injury results from the flow of electricity through the bodys
nerves, muscles and organs and causes abnormal function
to occur
Muscular spasm may be severe
Injuries may result from dislocation, impact with surrounding
objects or fall from a height
A tool may be dropped causing such injuries as burns or
impact injury to the user or others near by

860409
Contents of element
4.1
4.2

electricity at work
Control measures

860409

Control measures
Selection and suitability of equipment

It is critical to ensure that all electrical equipment is
suitable
Many tools are designed and provided for use in a
domestic situation and they may not be suitable for use in
the more arduous conditions of a construction site
Part of the selection process is to determine situations
where low voltage, such as 110 volt systems, can be used
in preference to 240 volts

860409

Control measures
Advantages and limitations of protective systems

Fuse
Wire melts = current breaks
Protects equipment not user
Fuse ratings may be wrong
Fuse rating calculation
Current (Amperes) = Power (watts)
Voltage (volts)

860409

Control measures

Earthing
Conductor connected to earth
Earth is lowest point of potential
Connected to equipment casing

860409

Control measures

Isolation
Excellent way of achieving safety for those that need to
work on or near the system
Can mean switching off and unplugging a portable
appliance at times it is not in use
Check that the isolation has been adequate and effective
before work starts - tests on the system
Ensure the isolation is secure - lock off and tag out
systems

860409

Control measures

Reduced low voltage systems
Step down transformer (110v)
Centre tap to earth (55v shock)
Reduces effect of electric shock
Portable

860409

Control measures

Residual Current Device (RCD)
Detects system current leaks
Response = 30mA and 30mS
Reduces effect of electric shock
Protects the user
Fixed or portable
Built in test facility

860409

Control measures

Double insulation
2nd protective insulated layer
Not normally used with earth
Source: HSG107

860409

Control measures
Inspection and maintenance strategies
User checks
Formal inspection and tests
Frequency of inspection and testing
Records of inspection and testing
Advantages and limitations of Portable Appliance Testing
(PAT)

860409

Control measures

User checks
Damaged cable sheaths
Damaged plugs; cracked casing or bent pins
Taped or other inadequate cable joints
Outer cable insulation not secured into plugs or equipment
Faulty of ineffective switches
Burn marks or discolouration
Damaged casing
Loose parts or screws
Wet or contaminated equipment
Loose or damaged sockets or switches
860409

Control measures

Portable equipment check:
Use of correctly rated fuse
Effective cord grip
Secure and correct cable terminations

860409

Control measures

Fixed installations check:
Damaged or loose conduit, trunking or cabling
Missing, broken or inadequately secured covers
Loose or faulty joints
Loose earth connections
Moisture, corrosion or contamination
Burn marks or discolourisation
Open or inadequately secured panel doors
Ease of access to switches and isolators
Presence of temporary writing
860409

Control measures

Deciding the frequency
Factors:
Type of equipment
Whether its hand held
Manufacturers recommendations
Its initial integrity and soundness
Age
Working environment
Likelihood of mechanical damage
860409

Control measures

Deciding the frequency (continued)
Factors:
Frequency of use
Duration of use
Foreseeable use
Who uses it
Modifications or repairs
Past experience

860409

Control measures

Records of inspection and testing
Use a checklist recording that the appropriate checks
inspections and tests have been done
Common practice to add a label to the system or part of the
system to indicate that an inspection has taken place
Personal electrical devices should be treated and tested as if
it were company property

860409

Control measures

Advantages and limitations of Portable Appliance Testing
(PAT)
The first level of inspection would be carried out by the
operator before the appliance is used
Second check would be supplemented by a more formal
visual inspection by an appointed person
Third strategy would include the periodic combined inspection
and testing of the appliance by a competent person

860409
Contents of element
4.1
4.2

electricity at work
Control measures

860409
Element 4
Electrical - hazards
and control
860409
Unit IGC2
Control of
International
workplace hazards
860409
NEBOSH
International
General Certificate
860409

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NEBOSH

Issued to: Strabag

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Identify the hazards and evaluate the

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Hazards and risks associated with

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Hazards and risks associated with

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

If misused can be very dangerous and often fatal

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Source: RMS Publishing

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effects on the body

Threshold of feeling. Undetected by person.

Threshold of cramp. Independent loosening of the

Cramp-like pulling together of the arms, breathing

Strong cramp like effects, loss of consciousness due

Less than one heart period

No fibrillation. Strong shock effects.

Fibrillation. Loss of consciousness. Burn marks.

Less than one heart period

Fibrillation. Loss of consciousness. Burn marks.

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effect on the body

Factors influencing severity

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effect on the body

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effect on the body

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effect on the body

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Electric shock and its effect on the body

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control

Copyright RMS Publishing

Electrical hazards and control