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    Explosives: Symbol Definition Types and Examples Safety Store

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    NatashiaCindy
    An explosive is a reactive substance that contains potential energy. There are two main types: low explosives, which burn rapidly, and high explosives, which detonate at supersonic speeds. High explosives can be primary or secondary. Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to stimuli while secondary explosives are relatively insensitive. Examples of primary explosives include mercury fulminate and lead azide. Secondary explosives include PETN, RDX, ANFO and TNT. Explosives must be stored safely away from ignition sources and properly contained and ventilated. Personal protective equipment like safety glasses and lab coats should be worn when handling explosives. The primary effects of explosions are blast pressure, fragmentation and thermal effects, while secondary effects include shock wave modification, fire

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    Explosives: Symbol Definition Types and Examples Safety Store

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    NatashiaCindy
    113 views13 pages
    An explosive is a reactive substance that contains potential energy. There are two main types: low explosives, which burn rapidly, and high explosives, which detonate at supersonic speeds. High explosives can be primary or secondary. Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to stimuli while secondary explosives are relatively insensitive. Examples of primary explosives include mercury fulminate and lead azide. Secondary explosives include PETN, RDX, ANFO and TNT. Explosives must be stored safely away from ignition sources and properly contained and ventilated. Personal protective equipment like safety glasses and lab coats should be worn when handling explosives. The primary effects of explosions are blast pressure, fragmentation and thermal effects, while secondary effects include shock wave modification, fire

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    An explosive is a reactive substance that contains potential energy. There are two main types: low explosives, which burn rapidly, and high explosives, which detonate at supersonic speeds. High explosives can be primary or secondary. Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to stimuli while secondary explosives are relatively insensitive. Examples of primary explosives include mercury fulminate and lead azide. Secondary explosives include PETN, RDX, ANFO and TNT. Explosives must be stored safely away from ignition sources and properly contained and ventilated. Personal protective equipment like safety glasses and lab coats should be worn when handling explosives. The primary effects of explosions are blast pressure, fragmentation and thermal effects, while secondary effects include shock wave modification, fire

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    113 views13 pages

    Explosives: Symbol Definition Types and Examples Safety Store

    Uploaded by

    NatashiaCindy
    An explosive is a reactive substance that contains potential energy. There are two main types: low explosives, which burn rapidly, and high explosives, which detonate at supersonic speeds. High explosives can be primary or secondary. Primary explosives are extremely sensitive to stimuli while secondary explosives are relatively insensitive. Examples of primary explosives include mercury fulminate and lead azide. Secondary explosives include PETN, RDX, ANFO and TNT. Explosives must be stored safely away from ignition sources and properly contained and ventilated. Personal protective equipment like safety glasses and lab coats should be worn when handling explosives. The primary effects of explosions are blast pressure, fragmentation and thermal effects, while secondary effects include shock wave modification, fire

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    EXPLOSIVES

    Symbol
    Definition
    Types and
    examples
    Safety
    Store

    An explosive material is a reactive substance that


    contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce
    an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the
    production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.

    Types of Explosives
    1. Low Explosives:
    Propellants or low explosives are materials that burn
    rapidly, containing within themselves all oxygen needful
    for their combustion.

    2. HIGH EXPLOSIVES
    High explosives are explosive materials that detonate,
    meaning that process of combustion in which a shock
    wave is propagated at supersonic speeds.
    They can be divided into two explosives classes
    differentiated by sensitivity:
    primary explosive and
    secondary explosive.

    Types of Explosives
    2. HIGH EXPLOSIVES
    A.

    Primary High Explosives:


    A primary explosive is an explosive that is extremely sensitive to stimuli
    such as impact, friction, heat, static electricity, or electromagnetic
    radiation. A relatively small amount of energy is required for initiation.

    mercury fulminate

    lead azide

    Types of Explosives
    2. HIGH EXPLOSIVES
    B. Secondary High Explosives:

    Secondary high explosives, also called base explosives, are


    relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. They may
    burn when exposed to heat or flame in small, unconfined
    quantities, but detonation can occur.

    These are sometimes added in small amounts to blasting caps


    to boost their power.

    PETN

    RDX

    ANFO

    TNT

    1. Hot surfaces
    2. Flames and hot gases
    (including hot particles )
    3. Mechanically generated sparks
    4. Electrical apparatus
    5. stray electric currents
    6. static electricity
    7. Lightning
    8. Radio frequency (RF)
    electromagnetic waves from
    104 hz to 3 x 1011 Hz
    9. adiabatic compression and
    shock waves

    explosive materials such as mercury fulminate, lead


    azide apart from other materials
    keep explosive materials in proper containers with
    contents clearly marked
    store an upright position
    post signs prohibiting smoking, open flames and other
    ignition sources in areas

    ventilate all storage areas properly and Use a fume


    hood
    Keep explosive chemicals away from all
    ignition sources such as open flames, hot surfaces,
    spark sources, and direct sunlight.
    Record the opening date and the date that the
    chemical should be discarded on the label of chemicals
    that may degrade to become potentially explosive.

    At a minimum :
    safety glasses with side shields,
    laboratory coats
    and closed shoes
    Additional PPE such as :

    chemical goggles,
    face shields,
    chemical aprons,
    disposable coveralls,
    chemically resistant gloves,
    and respiratory protection

    1) Primary Effects
    Primary effects are almost always the most
    destructive explosive effects. There are three types
    of primary effects:
    blast pressure,
    fragmentation,
    and thermal.
    2) Secondary Effects
    It is important to remember that all or none of the
    secondary effects may be present with any given
    explosion.
    Secondary effects are also divided into three
    types:
    shock wave modification,
    fire,
    and shock wave transfer.

    1 psi

    Maximum wind
    speed
    38 mph

    2 psi

    70 mph

    3 psi

    102 mph

    5 psi

    163 mph

    Most buildings
    collapse

    10 psi

    294 mph

    20 psi

    502 mph

    Reinforced
    concrete buildings
    are severely
    damaged or
    demolished
    Heavily built
    concrete buildings
    are severely
    damaged or
    demolished

    Peak overpressure

    Effect on
    structures
    Window glass
    shatters
    Moderate damage
    to houses
    (windows and
    doors blown out
    and severe
    damage to roofs)
    Residential
    structures
    collapse

    Effect on the
    human body
    Light injuries from
    fragments occur
    People injured by
    flying glass and
    debris

    Serious injuries
    are common,
    fatalities may
    occur
    Injuries are
    universal,
    fatalities are
    widespread
    Most people are
    killed

    Fatalities
    approach 100%

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