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    Anestesi Lokal Pada Lesi Superfisial: Huntal Napoleon

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    shevinesa
    Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve conduction at nerve membrane receptors. Local anesthetics can be administered via infiltration around sensory nerves and branches, injection near a nerve trunk, or injection into a plane through which a nerve runs. It has advantages over general anesthesia by allowing the patient to remain conscious and avoid complications of loss of respiratory and cardiovascular function. Choice of local anesthetic should be tailored based on the procedure duration, onset time, and wound characteristics. Complications of overdose include dizziness, seizures, hypotension, and bradycardia, and are generally self-limiting but may require oxygen supplementation and benzodiazepines for seizures or ACLS for more severe complications.

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    Anestesi Lokal Pada Lesi Superfisial: Huntal Napoleon

    Uploaded by

    shevinesa
    66 views12 pages
    Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve conduction at nerve membrane receptors. Local anesthetics can be administered via infiltration around sensory nerves and branches, injection near a nerve trunk, or injection into a plane through which a nerve runs. It has advantages over general anesthesia by allowing the patient to remain conscious and avoid complications of loss of respiratory and cardiovascular function. Choice of local anesthetic should be tailored based on the procedure duration, onset time, and wound characteristics. Complications of overdose include dizziness, seizures, hypotension, and bradycardia, and are generally self-limiting but may require oxygen supplementation and benzodiazepines for seizures or ACLS for more severe complications.

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    Anestesi Lokal

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    Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve conduction at nerve membrane receptors. Local anesthetics can be administered via infiltration around sensory nerves and branches, injection near a nerve trunk, or injection into a plane through which a nerve runs. It has advantages over general anesthesia by allowing the patient to remain conscious and avoid complications of loss of respiratory and cardiovascular function. Choice of local anesthetic should be tailored based on the procedure duration, onset time, and wound characteristics. Complications of overdose include dizziness, seizures, hypotension, and bradycardia, and are generally self-limiting but may require oxygen supplementation and benzodiazepines for seizures or ACLS for more severe complications.

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    66 views12 pages

    Anestesi Lokal Pada Lesi Superfisial: Huntal Napoleon

    Uploaded by

    shevinesa
    Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve conduction at nerve membrane receptors. Local anesthetics can be administered via infiltration around sensory nerves and branches, injection near a nerve trunk, or injection into a plane through which a nerve runs. It has advantages over general anesthesia by allowing the patient to remain conscious and avoid complications of loss of respiratory and cardiovascular function. Choice of local anesthetic should be tailored based on the procedure duration, onset time, and wound characteristics. Complications of overdose include dizziness, seizures, hypotension, and bradycardia, and are generally self-limiting but may require oxygen supplementation and benzodiazepines for seizures or ACLS for more severe complications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1

    Anestesi Lokal pada Lesi Superfisial


    Huntal Napoleon
    Local Anesthesia
    Local anesthetics work by
    producing nerve conduction
    blockade at the level of nerve
    membrane receptors.


    Routes of Local Anesthetic
    Local anaesthetic drugs can reach their target by one
    of a number of routes:
    1.infiltrationdiffusion to sensory receptors
    and the finest nerve branches (a similar
    retrograde diffusion occurs during intravenous
    regional analgesia);
    2.injection close to (preferably not into) a
    nerve trunk;
    3.injection into a plane or compartment
    through which a nerve runs (e.g. axillary sheath,
    epidural and subarachnoid spaces).

    Indications
    a. Anesthesia for surgical procedures
    b. Anesthesia for wounds that require
    irrigation, debridement, and/or
    repair

    Advantage
    The patient can remain conscious, and by
    doing so provides assurance of a safe airway
    and avoids complications caused by
    anaesthetic interference with breathing
    function. In contrast, most techniques for
    general anaesthesia interfere with the control
    of at least three major systems:
    consciousness, cardiovascular and
    respiratory function. For many patients it is
    the loss of control of these functions that
    causes them the greatest anxiety in relation
    to surgery.
    Contraindications
    a. None when using local anesthetics
    without epinephrine.
    b. Epinephrine should not be used at
    anatomic sites supplied by end-
    arteries (fingers, toes, nose, ears,
    penis) or in infection-prone wounds
    (animal/human bites, contaminated
    wounds).
    Local Anesthesi
    Choose from the above chart and tailor
    choice to individual patient based on the
    duration of procedure; time to onset;
    and location, type, and extent of wound.
    Long-and short-acting anesthetics can
    be mixed in a 50:50 ratio to achieve
    benefits of both.
    Local Anesthesia
    No. Local Anesthetic Onset Maximum Dose mg/Kg) Durations of Actions (hrs)

    plain With epi plain With epi

    1. Bupivacaine (Marcaine) slow 2.5 3.5 2.0-4.0 4.0-6.0
    2. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) rapid 5.0 7.0 0.5-2.0 1.0-4.0
    3. Procaine (Novocaine) slow 6.0 9.0 0.25-0.5 0.5-1.0
    4. Tetracaine (Pontocaine) slow 1.5 2.5 2.0-3.0 2.0-4.0

    Equipment and Positioning
    Equipment:
    a.Sterile prep solution
    b.Sterile gloves and towels
    c.25-gauge needle
    d.10-ml syringe

    Positioning:
    Varies with location of wound
    Technique
    Technique:
    a. Sterile prep wound with antiseptic such as
    Betadine, cleanse with alcohol swab.
    b. Stretch skin taut to facilitate penetration,
    and directly infiltrate local anesthetic
    through wound edges and inside wound
    with a long 25 gauge needle; minimize
    needle sticks by orienting needle
    longitudinally along axis of wound and
    injecting beneath skin edges
    c. Inject the anesthetic slowly
    Complications and Management
    Complications and Management overdose :

    Initial signs of toxicity include dizziness, restlessness,
    paresthesias, and twitching, and may lead to
    generalized seizures, hypotension, bradycardia, and
    cardiovascular collapse. Complications are generally
    self-limited but may require supportive care until
    effects wear off.
    Stop the local anesthetic and hyperventilate with
    100% O2.
    Use IV diazepam (0.10.3 mg/kg) for seizures.
    Initiate ACLS protocols if necessary. Trendelenburg
    for hypotension and bradycardia. Prolonged CPR is
    indicated because the effects of the anesthetic will
    subside as the drug redistributes.
    TERIMAKASIH

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