People-Centered Local

Development Planning
Population and Development (POPDEV)

Jeremias L. Cabasan
Information Officer III

BACKGROUND
POPDEV integration is one of the key strategies
and components of the Philippine Population
Management Program (PPMP)
The country is committed to the implementation
of the ICPD Programme of Action particularly in:
Integrating population concerns in all
development strategies, planning, decision-
making and resource allocation at all levels to
improve the quality of life of the present and
future generations



The everyday activities of all human
beings, communities and countries are
interrelated with population change,
patterns and levels of use of natural
resources, the state of the
environment, and the pace and quality
of social and economic development
BACKGROUND
1994 International Conference on Population and Development
PEOPLE are the core in Population
& Development Integration?
Population
affects
development
and
Development
affects people
The Basic
Premise
What do we mean
by POPULATION?
The NUMBER or SIZE of the
population (how many people are
there)
The AGE COMPOSITION of the
population (how old or young the
population is)
The SEX COMPOSITION of the
population (how many are males
and females)
The SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION of the
population (where are people
located)
FERTILITY number of live
births in the locality
MORTALITY - deaths in the
locality
MIGRATION movement of
people from and to an area for
purposes of establishing
residence
What EVENTS directly affect
POPULATION?
POPULATION
OUTCOMES

1)SIZE
2)STRUCTURE
3)DISTRIBUTION
FERTILITY refers to
the live births that
occurred in the locality
MORTALITY - refers to
the deaths of population
MIGRATION refers to
the movement of
population into or out of
an area for purposes of
establishing residence
POPULATION
EVENTS OR
PROCESSES
The relationship of
population
outcomes and
population events
or processes
Some information on
population
YEAR POPULATION SIZE
AVERAGE RATE OF
INCREASE (%)
1960 27,087,685 2.89
1970 36,684,486 3.08
1975 42,070,660 2.78
1980 48,098,460 2.71
1990 60,703,206 2.35
1995 68,616,536 2.32
2000 76,504,077 2.36
2010 92.34 Million 2.12
Source: National Statistics Office
The population grows by leaps and bounds.
ARMM ranks highest in population
growth rate


80 & over

75 - 79

70 - 74

65 - 69

60 - 64

55 - 59

50 - 54

45 - 49

40 - 44

35 - 39

30 - 34

25 - 29

20 - 24

15 - 19

10 - 14

5 - 9

0 - 4

8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8

(Percent to Total Population)
Female Male
Age Group
Source: NSO, 2010 Census of Population and Housing
The population is generally young
B
i
r
t
h
s

p
e
r

w
o
m
a
n

For Women of Reproductive Age, the
average number of children is 3.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
209
172
162
NDHS 93
NDHS 98
FPS 06
WHO
200
High maternal mortality ratio or about 3-
5T women dying/year
Sources: NDHS 1993 & 1998. FPS 2006, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA: Maternal Mortality in 2000.
Unwanted pregnancy causes over
400,000 induced abortion every year
25
27
41
52
30
27
11
17
18
18
Estimated no. of women having abortion per 1000 women of
reproductive age distributed by major island groupings in 1994 &
2000
Over half of yearly maternal deaths
are unreported, invisible
Other
Complications
19%
Hypertension
13%
Postpartum
hemorrhage
8%
Pregnancy with
abortive
outcome
4%
Uncounted
56%
Recorded Maternal Deaths in
Civil Registry, 2002 (uncounted
deaths calculated from WHO
2000 estimate less registry
recorded deaths)
Sources: http://www.doh.gov.ph/data_stat/html/maternal_deaths.htm
and Maternal Mortality in 2000 by WHO, UNICEF & UNFPA
Childbirth among poorest women
unattended by skilled attendants
0
20
40
60
80
100
Poorest Second Middle Fourth Richest
1998
2003
Sources: Gwatkin, et al Socio-Economic Differences in Health,
Nutrition and Population in the Philippines, 2000. NDHS 2003.
% of births attended by skilled attendants according to wealth
quintiles
in 1998 & 2003
46% of 3.1 M Births
Unplanned/Unwanted (AGI-UPPI Study)
Many women having induced
abortion are poor, married and
Catholic
Poor 68%
Non Poor 32%
Married 91%
Non Married 9%
W/ 3+ children 57%
W/ <3 children 43%
Non Catholic 13%
Catholic 87%
Profile of women who have abortion according to economic
status, marital status, no. of children and religion
Source: UPPI-AGI, Unintended Pregnancy and Abortion in the Phil., 2006
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total
Wanted TFR
TFR
Wanted and Actual Fertility Rates, by
poverty status
3.5
2.5
Filipino women have one child more
than their desired number of
children
There is a gap between the wanted
fertility and actual fertility.
1993 NDHS
1998 NDHS
2003 NDHS
Poor women have the highest
unmet need for FP
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Total
17.3
23
1.0 old
6.5 young
10 working-age persons (15-59 years old)
Filipinos have many
dependents


Benchmark ICPD
Indicators
Baseline
(1990 or closest to
1990)
Current Level
(or year
closest to
2008)
Target by
2015
Contraceptive
Prevalence Rate
40% (1993)

50.7%
(2006)
80%
Unmet need for
family planning
26.2% (Total)
12.4% (Spacing)
13.8%(Limiting)
15.7% (Total-
2006)

< 7%
Adolescent
Fertility (15-19
who have begun
childbearing)
6.3% (2006)

Access to Family Planning is very low.
Reasons for Non-Use of FP
Clients *






Providers



Local chief executives

Lack of correct
information
from the right
source
*2011 FHS
Hard to get method 16.2%
Fear of side effects
15.5%
Health concerns
6.5%
Poor financial and
geographical access
2.6%
Husband/partner
opposes
3.2%
Poor male
involvement
Clients*






Providers
Counseling and communication skills gap
Lack of FP supplies within areas with high unmet need
Non-initiation of discussion on FP with clients
Local chief executives
Political Will

Lack of correct
information
from the right
source
*2011 FHS
Hard to get method 16.2%
Fear of side effects
15.5%
Health concerns
6.5%
Poor financial and
geographical access
2.6%
Husband/partner
opposes
3.2%
Poor male
involvement
Reasons for
Non-Use of
FP



Life Expectancy has increased.
Year Life expectancy at birth
Male Female Gender Diff
(F-M)
1970 57.3 61.5

4.2

1980 59.7 65.1

5.4
1990 62.2

67.4 5.2

1995 64.4

67.8

3.4

2002 66.9

72.2

5.3

Overseas employment rate has been
increasing.
What is
DEVELOPMENT?
Development is
the sustained
capacity to
achieve a better
quality of life
Quality of life involves the
CAPACITY & ABILITY:
TO DO
TO BE
Capacities TO DO:
to do productive and rewarding
work (increased employment)
to enjoy nature in its pristine form
(improved environmental
protection)
to enjoy interaction with friends,
family and other members of the
community (reduction of stigma
related to certain diseases)
to migrate to take advantage of
economic and social
opportunities (productive
migration)
to bear and rear children
(achievement of desired fertility)

to be free from premature death
(reduced mortality)
to be free from preventable
illness (reduced morbidity)
to be well-nourished (improved
nutritional status)
to be able to communicate
ideas and feelings (increased
literacy)
to be knowledgeable and skillful
(increased education and
training)
to be free from physical harm
(improved security)

Capacities TO BE:
THESE ARE DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES
Quality of life involves the
CAPACITY & ABILITY:
TO DO TO BE
DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
DEVELOPMENT
OUTCOMES
What is Population
and Development
Integration?
Population
affects
development
and
Development
affects people
The Basic
Premise
Population and
Development is the
explicit consideration of
population factors in
development initiatives
POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS are
INTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT

Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources



Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality
and quantity
Well-being

Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources
Use ENR
Population
Size
What and how many goods and
services to produce
Affects capacity to avail and
consume goods and services
Determines level of savings and
investments
Determines the size of labor force
and types of employment
Determines pressure to ENR
Why do we need to know the
size of population?
To know the quantity
of services we should
offer (how many people
are needing certain
services)
How many people
are affected by a
development problem


Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources
Use ENR
Age & Sex
composition
of the
population
What goods and services to
produce (different needs)
Determines types of
employment
Determines pressure to ENR
(e.g. lifestyles)

Why do we need to know the
composition of the
population?
The composition of population
tells who are affected by a
problem
Development needs differ by age
and sex
Children have different needs
from that of adult or elderly
population
Women have different needs
from that of men

Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources
Use ENR
Population
distribution
(location of
the people)
What to produce and How goods
and services are distributed
Determines types of employment
Determines pressure to ENR (e.g.
encroachment)


Why do we need to know the location or
spatial distribution of population?
Population distribution determine
where the services should be
distributed
Development needs and
accessibility of services differ by
location
People in the rural areas have
poorer socio-economic
conditions compared to those
in the urban

Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources
Use ENR



Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality
and quantity
Other well-being
indicators

Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality and
quantity
Level of
education,
income and
employment
status
Poor women have higher
fertility and closer birth
spacing
Mortality is higher among
the poor
People usually move in
search for greener pasture

Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality and
quantity
Health
status
Health conditions of women
affect fertility decisions
Health status determines
mortality level
Health is a major consideration
for migration decisions

Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality and
quantity
ENR
Quality
ENR affects fertility through
location and environmental
infections affecting health
Environmental contaminations
and infections affects health
Location of people affects
migration decisions
POPULATION and DEVELOPMENT FACTORS are
INTERRELATED and INTERDEPENDENT

Population Outcomes
Population size
Age and sex
composition
Spatial distribution
Development Processes
(Capacity to do:)
Produce and consume
goods and services
Save, invest and spend
Employ human
resources
Use ENR



Population Processes
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
Development Outcomes
(Capacity to be:)
Wealthy (Income
distribution), Employed,
Educated, Healthy
Environmental quality
and quantity
Well-being
The condition
of the people
tells what
kind of
services and
development
we have
What is Development
Planning?
a collective effort of the
locality to enable PEOPLE
to chart and achieve their
needs and aspirations
WHAT IS POPDEV INTEGRATION IN
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING?
The explicit consideration of
population and development
(socio-economic, demographic,
physical, cultural, etc.)
interrelationships in the entire
planning process
Setting
the
Vision
Determining
Current Reality
in the LGU
Extracting
Intelligence
Determining
Policy Options
Generating New
Information (Observed
Conditions)
Setting Goals,
Objectives &
Targets
Screening of PPAs/
Legislations
Structuring
Solutions
Investment
Programming

Budgeting
Implementing the
Plan/ Enforcing
Regulations
Plan Monitoring
and Evaluation
Simple
Goals
Complex
Goals
LEGISLATIVE
AGENDA
Determining Vision
Reality Gap
PEOPLE
are the SUBJECT and
OBJECT OF
DEVELOPMENT
POPDEV Integration is
basically
Putting PEOPLE at
the center of
DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING?
POPDEV approach is a WAY of
THINKING and DOING
THINGS
An approach of putting people
their needs and well-being at the
center of development or the
primary consideration for development
planning
POPDEV Integration is:
Not ONLY using population as a demand
variable but looks at people as the actors and
end beneficiaries of development activities
Not ONLY concerned on achieving population
goals but on how these goals contribute to
development
Not ONLY focused on family planning or
population programs but on what are
population interventions that contributes to
development goals and vice versa
WHAT IS POPDEV APPROACH TO
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING?
POPDEV Approach to
Planning DOES NOT
require a separate
PLAN
POPDEV in planning
means
Looking at how population factors
is affected by development and in
turn how people affect development
Does my resources provide for the welfare of
my entire constituents?
Who are the most vulnerable and at-risk
population?
What needs of the population should I
address first?
How would my program affect the welfare of
the people?
to make POPDEV Integration
an effective tool for
developmentwe need to
know:
What problem is affecting the
people?
Who are affected?
Where are the affected
population located?
POPDEV approach to ensures:
More comprehensive description of the people,
locality and the situations and conditions that
surround them (using the POPDEV frameworks)
Deeper analysis of:
the interacting population and development
factors that affect a certain problem condition
WHO, WHERE, and HOW MANY are the
affected and target population, the extent of
their problem, and the factors that brought
this problem
POPDEV approach to ensures:
Deeper analysis of the potential
impact of identified programs and
projects
Identification of more responsive,
equitable and effective interventions
(policy and programs)
Greater efficiency in resource
allocation
CONCLUSION
By explicit integration of population and
development dimensions in
development planning we can gain
GREATER EFFECTIVENESS OF
PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
GREATER EFFICIENCY OF
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
GREATER EQUITY-IMPACT
AMONG TARGET POPULATION
POPULATION and
DEVELOPMENT Integration
is basically
Putting PEOPLE at
the center of
DEVELOPMENT