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    ORBIT

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    api-19916399
    The document describes the anatomy of the orbit, including its shape, walls, contents, fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels. The orbit contains the eyeball and allows for its voluntary movement. It is made up of bones including the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic and maxilla. The orbit contains extraocular muscles, fascia, vessels including the ophthalmic artery and veins, and nerves including cranial nerves II-VI.

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    ORBIT

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    29 views32 pages
    The document describes the anatomy of the orbit, including its shape, walls, contents, fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels. The orbit contains the eyeball and allows for its voluntary movement. It is made up of bones including the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic and maxilla. The orbit contains extraocular muscles, fascia, vessels including the ophthalmic artery and veins, and nerves including cranial nerves II-VI.

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    The document describes the anatomy of the orbit, including its shape, walls, contents, fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels. The orbit contains the eyeball and allows for its voluntary movement. It is made up of bones including the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic and maxilla. The orbit contains extraocular muscles, fascia, vessels including the ophthalmic artery and veins, and nerves including cranial nerves II-VI.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    29 views32 pages

    ORBIT

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    The document describes the anatomy of the orbit, including its shape, walls, contents, fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels. The orbit contains the eyeball and allows for its voluntary movement. It is made up of bones including the frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic and maxilla. The orbit contains extraocular muscles, fascia, vessels including the ophthalmic artery and veins, and nerves including cranial nerves II-VI.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    ORBIT

    Pyramidal bony cavities


    on each side of the
    roof of the nose

    Sockets for the rotatory


    movements of eyeballs

    Protects eyeballs
    Shape and Disposition
    Each orbit resembles 4
    sided pyramids
    Apex: Post.end of the
    orbit
    Base: Orbital opening
    on the face
    4 Walls: Roof, Floor,Lat.
    and medial wall
    (Two medial wall are parallel
    and lateral walls make on
    right angle)
    Roof

    Concave from side to side


    formed mainly by orbital
    plate of frontal bone and
    is completed posteriorly
    by lesser wing of
    sphenoidal bone.

    Relations:

    Named Features
    Lateral walls

    Thickest & strongest walls


    of orbit.

    Relations: Greater wings of


    sphenoid separates orbit
    from middle cranial
    fossa
    Zygomatic bone
    separates from temporal
    fossa.

    Named features:
    Floor

    It slopes upward and medially


    to join medial wall formed
    by the orbital surface of
    maxilla. Ant.lat post part of
    orbital surface of
    Zygomatic bone. At post.
    Angle orbital plate of
    palantine.

    Relations: It separates orbit


    from maxillary sinus
    Medial wall

    It is very thin. From back


    the frontal process of
    maxilla,lacrimal bone,
    orbital plate of
    ethmoid, body of
    sphenoid are seen.

    Relations:

    Named features:
    CONTENTS OF THE ORBIT
    - Pyramidal cavities.
    - Socket for voluntary movement of eyeballs
    - Contents of orbits are
    - Eye balls
    - Fascia: Orbital and Bulbar
    - Muscles: Extraocular
    - Vessels: Opthalmic artery,Sup. Inf. Opthamlic
    veins
    L/N
    - Nerves: II,III,IV & VI Cranial nerves, branches of
    opthalmic nerve and sympathetic nerves
    - Lacrimal glands
    - Orbital fats
    ORBITAL AND BULBAR FASCIA

    Orbital Fascia or
    Periorbita

    - Perisoteum of the bony orbit


    - Posteriorly cont. with dura
    &
    sheath of the optic nerve
    - Anteriorly Cont. with
    periosteum of orbital
    marg.
    Fascia Sheath or Bulbar Fascia

    Tenon’s Capsule also known


    as Bulbar Fascia: Separated
    by the episcleral space. Eye
    ball can freely move here.

    Facial sheath is pierced by


    the tendons of various
    Extraocular muscles and
    ciliary nerves and vessels.
    Gives no. of expansions:
    : covers each muscles
    : 2 triangular expansions
    Medial check ligament
    Lateral check ligament
    Lower part of Tenon’s capsule
    is
    thickened and named
    suspensory
    ligament of eye or suspensor
    ligament of Lockwood. It is
    expanded in the center like
    Hammock.
    Extraocular muscles
    Voluntary muscles:
    1) 4 recti muscles: sup.rectus, inf. Rectus
    medial rectus, lateral rectus
    2) 2 oblique muscles: sup. oblique, inf.
    oblique
    3) Levator palpabrae: elavates upper lids

    Involuntary muscles
    1) Sup. tarsal muscles: deeper portion of levator
    palpabrae: elavates upper eye lids
    2) Inferior tarsal muscles: depresses the lower eye
    lids
    3) Orbitalis bridges of the inf. Orbital fissure
    Voluntary muscle’s origin
    Insertion
    Nerve supply
    # Superior oblique is supplied by trochlear
    nerve. (SO4)
    # Lateral rectus is supplied by Abducent
    nerve. (LR6)
    # Remaining 5 extraocular muscles sup,inf
    and medial recti,inf. oblique and levator
    palpabrae superioris are supplied by
    occulomotor nerve( III nerve)
    Actions of the individual muscles
    Single or pure movements are produced by
    combined actions of muscles eg.
    Upward rotation or Elevation SR and IO

    Down ward rotation or IR and SO


    depression

    MR, SR and IR
    Medial rotation or adduction

    LR, SO and I0
    Lateral rotation or abduction

    Intortion
    SO and SR

    Extortion IO and IR
    Combined movement of eyes
    Normally, movements of the two eyes are
    harminously coordinated and it is called
    conjugate ocular movement.
    Dissociation movements of the two eyes are called
    dysjunctive movement.
    Ant. Post movement of eyeballs are abnormal.
    Vessels of the Orbit

    Origin: is a branch of cerebral


    part of ICA.
    Branches: Central Retinal A.
    1st branch of opthalmic a.
    lies below the optic nerve
    runs forward in the center
    reach the optic disc. Here
    it divides into branches for
    retina.
    (End artery, no anastamoses
    occlusion of the artery
    results blindness)
    Branches arising from
    Lacrimal artery are
    1) Lacrimal gland
    2) 2 Zygomatic branches
    Zygomaticofacial
    Zygomaticotemporal
    3) Lat. Palpebral branch
    supply the eyelids
    4) Reccurent meningeal br.
    to mid. fossa(sup.orb.fis)
    5) Muscular branch supplies
    muscles of orbit.
    Branches arising from the
    main trunk are.
    1) Post long and short ciliary
    arteries supply choroid
    and iris
    2) Supraorbital and
    supratrochlear supply the
    skin of the fore head
    3) Ant. and post. Ethmoidal
    artery supply the
    Ethmoidal sinus.
    4) Medial palpebral br.
    Supply the eye lids
    5) Dorsal nasal supply the
    upper part of nose.
    Opthalmic Vein

    Sup. Opthalmic vein drains


    into cavernous sinus.
    Communcate anterorly
    with the supraorbital
    and angular veins.
    Inf. Opthalmic vein drains into
    cavernous sinus and
    communi-cates with
    pterygoid plexus

    Lymphatic drains into the


    preauricular parotid L/N
    NERVES OF THE ORBIT

    1) Optic nerve.
    2) Occulomotor nerve with ciliary ganglion.
    3) Trochlear
    4) Br. Of Opthalmic and maxillary division of
    Trigeminal nerve.
    5) Abducent
    6) Sympathetic nerves.
    Optic Nerve

    Nerve of sight made up of Structures: 1.2 million


    axons of cells in the myelinated fibers.53%
    ganglionic layer of retina- cross in the optic chiasm.
    emerges from eyeball runs
    backward medially and
    Optic nerve is not a nerve in
    passes through optic
    the strict sense. It is
    canalto enter the middle
    actually a tract. It cannot
    cranial fossa where it goes
    to optic chiasm. regenerate after it is cut.
    Developmental of optic
    4 cm longs: 5mm
    nerve and tract are direct
    intracanacular
    prolangation of the brain.
    10mm intracranial
    25 mm intraorbital.
    Relation to the orbit

    - At apex surrounded by recti


    muscles, ciliary ganglion.
    - Central artery and vein of retina
    pierce the optic nerve 1.25cm
    behind the eyeball
    - Crossed superiorly by opthalmic
    artery, vein and nasociliary n.
    - Crossed inferiorly by the nerve
    to the medial rectus.
    - Near eyeball, the nerve is
    surrounded by fat containing
    ciliary vessels and nerves.
    Occulomotor nerve

    3rd cranial nerve- distributed to


    extraocular and intraocular
    muscles. Since it is somatic
    nerve, it is series with IV,VI
    and XII nerve.
    Nucleus: It is situated in the vetro
    medial part of central gray
    matter of mid brain at the
    level sup. Colliculus. The fibers
    for the constrictor pupillae for
    the and for the ciliaries from
    Edinger Westphal nuceus
    which forms part of III nerve
    complex.
    Course and Distrubution:
    -Fiber arises from nuc. and goes to
    tegmentum and subs. nigra.
    -At base, nerve is attached to
    occulomotor sulcus on the medial
    side of crus cerebri.
    -It reaches cavernous sinus in
    Ant.side of sinus divides into
    upper and lower divisions.
    -Two divisions of nerve enter orbit
    through middle part of sup.orbital
    fissure.
    -Smaller upper division ascends on
    lateral side of optic nerve.
    Supplies SR and levator pal.sup.
    Larger lower division divides into
    3 br. for MR,IR & IO.-is the longest
    gives motor root to ciliary
    ganglion.

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