Physiology - Retired Questions

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale
#1
The cutaneous sense for which separate receptors exist is:
A. Touch
B. Pain
C. Warmth
D. Cold
E. All of the above
F. None of the above
#2
Which of the following statements regarding the sinus arrhythmia is correct?
A. It is a normal phenomenon.
B. Heart rate varies with the phases of respiration.
C. It accelerates during inspiration.
D. It decelerates during expiration.
E. All are correct.
#3
Diseases causing hypoxic hypoxia include:
A. Lung failure (gas exchange failure)

B. Pulmonary fibrosis
C. Shunt
D. Fatigue
E. All are correct
#4
To determine the clearance of inulin you need to know:
A. Concentration of inulin in urine

B. Urine flow
C. Inulin molecular weight
D. Arterial plasma level of inulin
E. Only A, B and D above
#5
Agents causing contraction of mesangial cells are:
A. Norepinephrine
B. Leukotrienes C and D
C. Platelet-derived growth factor
D. Insulin-like growth factor 1
E. A, B and C above
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#6
Which of the following amino acids may be "neuronal hormone" (neurotransmitter) in
mammals?
A. Glycine
B. Aspartate
C. Tyrosine
D. Serine
E. A and B above
#7
In some individuals, sudden standing causes a fall in blood pressure, dizziness, dimness of
vision, and even fainting. The cause of this orthostatic hypotension is:
A. Sympatholytic drug
B. Diabetes
C. Autonomic insufficiency
D. Primary hyperaldosteronism
E. All are correct
#8
The polypeptide known as endogenous pyrogen (EP) is also called:
A. Bacterial endotoxin.
B. Interleukin-1.
C. Prostaglandins.
D. None of the above.
E. All are correct.
#9
The chylomicrons are cleared from circulation by the action of
A. Lipoprotein lipase
B. Hormone-sensitive lipase
C. Both
D. Neither
#10
Intracellular enzyme
A. Lipoprotein lipase
B. Hormone-sensitive lipase
C. Both
D. Neither

#11
The plasma cholesterol level is decreased by:
A. Thyroid hormones.
B. Estrogens.
C. Decrease in bile acid reabsorption.
D. All are correct.
E. Only A and B.
#12
From the biologically active substances produced from arachidonic acid which are listed below,
select which one inhibits the cytotoxic effects of natural killer cells.
A. Thromboxane A2
B. Lipoxin A
C. Lipoxin B
D. Leukotriene C4
E. Leukotriene D4
F. All of the above
G. A, B and C
H. B and C
#13
Which of the agents listed below is an antagonist of V2 vasopressin receptors?
1. Furosemide
2. Thiazides
3. Water
4. Ethanol
5. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Diamox)
6. Spironolactone
7. Triamterene
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. 3 + 4
D. Only 7
E. None of the above

#14
The agent responsible for obliteration of ductus arteriosus at birth is:
A. Arterial PO2 and asphyxia

B. Bradykinin
C. Prostacyclin
D. All of the above
E. A and B
#15
Gallbladder contraction is caused by:
A. Cholagogues
B. CCK
C. Glucagon
D. Gastrin
E. A and B are correct
#16
Parathyroid hormone secretion is increased by:
A. Acute increase in plasma Mg2+.

B. Decrease in extracellular phosphate level.
C. α-adrenergic discharge
D. Low concentrations of Ca2+
#17
Inadequate lymphatic function will result in:
A. Increased interstitial fluid volume (edema).

B. Increased interstitial fluid protein content.
C. Decreased plasma volume.
D. Decreased transcapillary hydrostatic pressure gradient.
E. All of the above.
#18
Which of the following is true in regards to the inspiratory ramp signal in the control of
breathing?
1. Inspiratory signals steadily increase for approximately two seconds.

2. A rapid rate of increase of the ramp signal occurs during active respiration to permit rapid
filling of the lungs.
3. If the limiting point at which the ramp signal ceases is extended, the duration of inspiration
is shortened and the rate of respiration increases.
4. During quiet breathing the inspiratory ramp signal causes rhythmic filling of the lung and a
steady increase in the lung volume, over the period of the inspiratory phase.

A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2
D. 3 and 4
E. 1, 2, and 4
#19
Which of the following is true?
1. During increased respiratory drive the neurons of the ventral respiratory group become
active.
2. Rhythmic discharge of the ventral respiratory group occurs during normal quiet breathing.
3. Oscillatory circuits between inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group and
expiratory neurons of the ventral respiratory group are active during normal quiet breathing.
4. The abdominal muscles are stimulated by the rhythmic discharge of action potentials from
the dorsal respiratory group of the medulla.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
D. 4 only
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#20
Which of the following does NOT pertain to the work of breathing?
1. The work of breathing includes the work required to move air through conducting passages.
2. The work of breathing includes the work required to maintain airway patency.
3. The work of breathing includes the work necessary to stretch the elastic tissues of the chest
wall and lungs.
4. The work of breathing includes the work required to move inelastic tissues.
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 only
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 3 only
E. 2 and 4
#21
Structures distal to a terminal bronchiole make up the:
1. Lung parenchyma
2. Acini
3. Primary lobule
4. Bronchiole

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 4 only
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#22
Which of the following statements concerning ventilation is true?
1. Rapid shallow breathing produces more alveolar ventilation than slow deep breathing.
2. The air comprising the anatomic dead space volume of the respiratory system is
unavailable for gas exchange with the pulmonary circulation.
3. In a man of 150 lb (68 kg), approximately the first 350 mL of 500 mL inspired air reaches
the alveoli for gas exchange with pulmonary capillary blood.
4. Alveolar ventilation is the amount of air reaching the alveoli per minute.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#23
Which of the following does NOT pertain to the anatomic dead space volume?
1. It consists of the volume of air in the conducting zone of the lung.

2. It is made up of the total respiratory system volume exclusive of alveolar volume.
3. It is composed of the volume of air in the respiratory system that does not equilibrate with
arterial blood.
4. It consists of the volume of air in nonperfused alveoli plus the volume of air in the alveoli
that is in excess of that needed to equilibrate with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 3 only
D. 3 and 4
E. 4 only
#24
Which of the following conditions affect the transfer of oxygen and illustrate the perfusion-
limited aspect of its uptake into pulmonary capillaries?
1. Pulmonary edema
2. Pulmonary fibrosis
3. Anemia

4. Heart failure
A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2, and 3
C. 3 only
D. 3 and 4
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#25
Which of the following pertaining to the transfer of oxygen through a normal alveolar-capillary
membrane is true?
1. Diffusion of oxygen occurs in the first one-third of the transit time available for arterial blood
to traverse the alveolar-capillary system.
2. The uptake of oxygen into pulmonary capillaries is diffusion-limited.
3. The uptake of oxygen into pulmonary capillaries is perfusion-limited.
4. Equilibrium of alveolar partial pressure and arterial partial pressure is not attained during
the transit time of blood through the alveolar-capillary system.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2, and 3
E. 4 only
#26
Although the anesthetic nitrous oxide is classified as “incomplete” because it does not produce
deeper stages of anesthesia, it is capable of rapidly reaching high levels in the bloodstream,
thus exhibiting a rapid onset of action. Which of the following pertaining to nitrous oxide is
true?
1. The anesthetic uptake of nitrous oxide is diffusion-limited.

2. Equilibration of alveolar and arterial partial pressures of nitrous oxide occurs rapidly.
3. Decreased pulmonary blood flow will reduce the uptake of nitrous oxide.
4. Reduced cardiac output will decrease the uptake of nitrous oxide.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3
C. 2, 3, and 4
D. 3 and 4
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4

#27
1. Drug efficacy refers to the intrinsic ability of a drug to produce a desired response relative to
the number of complexes formed between the drug and drug receptors.
2. Drugs having high efficacy are capable of bringing about the desired effect through the
formation of relatively few drug-receptor complexes.
3. Drug potency describes the ability of a drug to produce a given response at a given dose.
4. Drugs with high potency have high efficacy.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 2 and 3
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#28
1. An acidic drug placed in an acidic environment tends to remain nonionized.

2. Alkaline drugs introduced into an acidic medium remain in an undissociated state.
3. Undissociated drugs or drug metabolites pass through cell membranes readily.
4. Absorption of drug metabolites is enhanced when the metabolites are in an ionized state.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 only
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4
#29
The metabolites of barbiturates such as phenobarbital are acidic. When a weak base, such as
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is used to alkalinize the urine in cases of barbiturate overdose,
which of the following occurs?
1. The acidic metabolites of phenobarbital remain nonionized.

2. Acidic drugs and drug metabolites placed into an alkaline environment become ionized.
3. Barbiturate metabolites are more readily excreted by the kidney when the urine is
alkalinized.
4. Dissociated drugs or drug metabolites pass through cell membranes readily.
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 3 only
E. 1, 2, 3, and 4

#30
Which of the following is synthesized in the liver from methionine, glycine, and arginine?
A. Creatine
B. Creatinine
C. Both
D. Neither
#31
Which of the following is phosphorylated in skeletal muscle?
A. Creatine
B. Creatinine
C. Both
D. Neither
#32
Which of the following as an excretion rate that is relatively constant from day to day and is
used in calculation of glomerular filtration rate?
A. Creatine
B. Creatinine
C. Both
D. Neither
#33
Which of the following is present in urine?
A. Creatine
B. Creatinine
C. Both
D. Neither
#34
RT3 (reverse triiodothyronine) is elevated during:
A. Fetal life.
B. Burns.
C. Trauma.
D. Advanced cancer.

#35
5'-deiodinase is inhibited during:
A. Myocardial infarction.
B. Febrile states.
C. Renal failure.
D. Cirrhosis.
#36
Muscle spindle contains which of the following?
A. Intrafusal fibers
B. Extrafusal fibers
C. Both
D. Neither
#37
Which of the following fibers are more embryonal in character?
C. Both
D. Neither
#38
Which of the following are the regular contractile units of the muscle?
C. Both
D. Neither
#39
Nuclear bag fibers are found in which of the following?
C. Both
D. Neither

#40
Which of the following contains nuclear chain fibers?
C. Both
D. Neither
#41
Sleep is a factor increasing the secretion
A. Prolactin
B. Growth Hormone
C. Both
D. Neither
#42
Hypoglycemia increases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#43
L-DOPA decreases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#44
L-DOPA increases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.

#45
Estrogens increase the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#46
Hypothyroidism increases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#47
TRH increases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#48
Glucose decreases the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
#49
Opiates increase the secretion of:
A. Prolactin.
B. Growth Hormone.
C. Both.
D. Neither.


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EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale

A. Lung failure (gas exchange failure)

A. Concentration of inulin in urine

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 1 of 12

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 2 of 12

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 3 of 12

A. Arterial PO2 and asphyxia

A. Acute increase in plasma Mg2+.

A. Increased interstitial fluid volume (edema).

1. Inspiratory signals steadily increase for approximately two seconds.

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 4 of 12

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 5 of 12

1. It consists of the volume of air in the conducting zone of the lung.

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 6 of 12

1. The anesthetic uptake of nitrous oxide is diffusion-limited.

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 7 of 12

1. An acidic drug placed in an acidic environment tends to remain nonionized.

1. The acidic metabolites of phenobarbital remain nonionized.

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 8 of 12

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 9 of 12

EXAM MASTER Corporation – Retired questions – NOT for resale Page 10 of 12

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