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    Color Vision

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    HUZAIFA YAMAAN
    Color vision allows organisms and machines to distinguish objects based on light wavelength. It can be used clinically to identify hereditary and acquired color deficiencies through tests of color discrimination and macular function. Terminology includes types of color confusion or absence, as well as classifications of color vision based on number of distinguishable primary colors. Common tests of color vision use pseudoisochromatic plates with embedded colored symbols or arrangements of colored samples to evaluate for deficiencies. Hereditary and acquired color vision defects differ in patterns of affected wavelengths, laterality, association with other visual dysfunctions, and stability over time.

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    Color Vision

    Uploaded by

    HUZAIFA YAMAAN
    47 views20 pages
    Color vision allows organisms and machines to distinguish objects based on light wavelength. It can be used clinically to identify hereditary and acquired color deficiencies through tests of color discrimination and macular function. Terminology includes types of color confusion or absence, as well as classifications of color vision based on number of distinguishable primary colors. Common tests of color vision use pseudoisochromatic plates with embedded colored symbols or arrangements of colored samples to evaluate for deficiencies. Hereditary and acquired color vision defects differ in patterns of affected wavelengths, laterality, association with other visual dysfunctions, and stability over time.

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    color vision (2)

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    Color vision allows organisms and machines to distinguish objects based on light wavelength. It can be used clinically to identify hereditary and acquired color deficiencies through tests of color discrimination and macular function. Terminology includes types of color confusion or absence, as well as classifications of color vision based on number of distinguishable primary colors. Common tests of color vision use pseudoisochromatic plates with embedded colored symbols or arrangements of colored samples to evaluate for deficiencies. Hereditary and acquired color vision defects differ in patterns of affected wavelengths, laterality, association with other visual dysfunctions, and stability over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    47 views20 pages

    Color Vision

    Uploaded by

    HUZAIFA YAMAAN
    Color vision allows organisms and machines to distinguish objects based on light wavelength. It can be used clinically to identify hereditary and acquired color deficiencies through tests of color discrimination and macular function. Terminology includes types of color confusion or absence, as well as classifications of color vision based on number of distinguishable primary colors. Common tests of color vision use pseudoisochromatic plates with embedded colored symbols or arrangements of colored samples to evaluate for deficiencies. Hereditary and acquired color vision defects differ in patterns of affected wavelengths, laterality, association with other visual dysfunctions, and stability over time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Color vision

    Color vision……
    • Attribute of the sense of sight which provides an appreciation of differences
    in the physical composition of wavelength of light that excite the retina
    OR
    • Color vision is the capacity of an organism or machine to distinguish objects
    based on the wavelength (or frequency) of the light they reflect or emit
    OR
    • Ability to discriminate a light stimulus as a function of its wavelength
    Clinical uses
    • Identify hereditary & acquired color deficiencies
    • Diagnosis of color deficiencies
    • Evaluate macular function
    • Evaluate ability for color discrimination
    Terminology

    • Dyschromatopsia: Color confusion due to deficiency of color


    • Achromatopsia: Absence of color sensation due to complete absence of color
    • Trichromats: Requires all 3 primary colors (Red, green, blue) to make a match with unknown
    color
    • Anomalous Trichromats: use colors in anomalous measures
    • Dichromats: Requires only 2 primary colors
    • Protans: Red color deficiency
    • Deutran: Green color deficiency
    • Tritan: Blue color deficiency
    Tests

    • Pseudo isochromatic test


    • Color arrangement test
    Pseudo isochromatic plate test
    • Identification of a colored symbol made of colored dots of varying size
    embedded in a background of differently colored dots
    • Consists of several plates
    • Colors are chosen for figure & background
    4 designs
    • Vanishing figure
    • Transformed figure
    • Hidden digit
    • Qualitatively diagnostic
    Vanishing figure

    • Simplest design
    • Red-green & blue-yellow deficits
    • Background & figure colors are different
    • Figure vanishes
    • Depending on differences between figures & background colors plates are
    designed for screening & diagnosis
    • Eg: American optical, Dvorine, Ishihara
    Transformed design
    • Colors chosen such that both normal & color defective patients can see the
    figures. But each identify different one
    • 4 clusters of color chosen, 2 for the figure, 2 for the background
    Hidden digit design
    • Figure cleverly concealed by normal but visible for severely color defective
    persons
    • Figure & background each consist of 3 colors
    • Colors intermingled in a haphazard fashion
    • Potential for confusion thus eliminated from screening
    • Eg: Ishihara (14th, 15th & 19th plate in 24plate edition)
    Qualitative diagnostic design
    • Extension of vanishing figure
    • 2 figures of different colors placed at different locations on a plate with
    uniform background color
    • Each figure identifies the diagnosis for the type of color deficiency
    • Eg: American optical HRR
    Color arrangement test
    Farnsworth D-15 test
    • Logical placement of color sequences
    • Color confusions & ability to discriminate fine differences in color is evaluated
    • Arrangement errors in case of color deficiencies
    • Used for diagnosis. Not screening

    Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test


    Commercially available test

    Farnsworth D-15 test


    • Set of 16 different colored papers fixed in numbered caps
    • 12 cm of circular disc
    • Fixed reference cap
    • Evaluate major color confusions (red-green & blue-yellow)
    • Scoring sheet

    Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test


    Testing
    1. Patient positioning, test, illumination

    2. Verbal instructions

    3. Check for comprehension, ocular malingering(ocular malingering is when patient


    can see the color and still acts as if he/she cannot see )
    Hereditary Vs Acquired CV defect

    Hereditary Acquired
    Bilateral & equal Unilateral & severe in one eye
    Red-Green defect, common in males Predominantly Blue-Yellow defect, males &
    females equally susceptible

    Visual functions not effected Visual acuity, visual fields, other vision functions
    may be effected

    Rare color naming errors Obvious color naming errors


    Stable throughout life Depends on underlying cause
    Unambiguous color confusions Absence of confirmed color vision defect
    THANK YOU

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