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    Biomedical Waste and Nuclear Waste

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    SOULLESSGOD
    Biomedical waste is defined as anything tested or used on an individual or waste from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare facilities, research facilities, and laboratories. There are several types of biomedical waste including tissues, organs, body parts, sharps, chemicals, and radioactive components. Improper handling and disposal of biomedical waste can lead to infectious diseases, hazards from chemical and radioactive wastes. Biomedical waste must be treated and disposed of properly through methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or secured landfilling depending on the type of waste.

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    Biomedical Waste and Nuclear Waste

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    SOULLESSGOD
    795 views15 pages
    Biomedical waste is defined as anything tested or used on an individual or waste from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare facilities, research facilities, and laboratories. There are several types of biomedical waste including tissues, organs, body parts, sharps, chemicals, and radioactive components. Improper handling and disposal of biomedical waste can lead to infectious diseases, hazards from chemical and radioactive wastes. Biomedical waste must be treated and disposed of properly through methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or secured landfilling depending on the type of waste.

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    Biomedical waste is defined as anything tested or used on an individual or waste from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare facilities, research facilities, and laboratories. There are several types of biomedical waste including tissues, organs, body parts, sharps, chemicals, and radioactive components. Improper handling and disposal of biomedical waste can lead to infectious diseases, hazards from chemical and radioactive wastes. Biomedical waste must be treated and disposed of properly through methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or secured landfilling depending on the type of waste.

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    795 views15 pages

    Biomedical Waste and Nuclear Waste

    Uploaded by

    SOULLESSGOD
    Biomedical waste is defined as anything tested or used on an individual or waste from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare facilities, research facilities, and laboratories. There are several types of biomedical waste including tissues, organs, body parts, sharps, chemicals, and radioactive components. Improper handling and disposal of biomedical waste can lead to infectious diseases, hazards from chemical and radioactive wastes. Biomedical waste must be treated and disposed of properly through methods like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, or secured landfilling depending on the type of waste.

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    of 15

    Biomedical waste

    Definition
    Anything tested or used on an individual, or any trash from
    biological experiments

    Generated from
    Waste generated by health care facility
    Research facility
    Laboratories

    Types of biomedical waste
    Tissues, organs, body parts
    Generated during
    research/experimentation,
    from veterinary hospitals
    Laboratory cultures,
    micro-organisms, human
    and animal cell cultures,
    toxins
    Hypodermic needles,
    syringes, scalpels,
    broken glass
    Generated from any of the
    infected areas

    Human anatomical waste
    Animal waste


    Microbiology and
    biotechnology waste

    Waste sharps


    Liquid waste






    Types of biomedical waste
    Soiled waste

    Chemical waste

    Discarded medicines and
    cyto-toxic drugs

    Radioactive Components

    Incineration ash
    Dressing, bandages, plaster casts,
    material contaminated with blood
    Alcohol, Sulphuric acid, chlorine
    powder, Glutaraldehyde, Picric
    acid, fertiliser, ammonia

    Barium enema, X-rays, Cancer
    chemotherapy, tar-based products

    EtBr, Radioactive components

    Hazards from biomedical waste
    Infectious disease

    Hazard from chemical wastes

    Hazard from radioactive wastes
    TYPE OF WASTE
    TREATMENT AND
    DISPOSAL
    OPTION
    Human Anatomical Waste
    Incineration/ deep
    burial
    Animal Waste

    Incineration/ deep
    burial
    Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
    Local autoclaving/
    microwaving /
    incineration
    Treatment and Disposal
    Waste Sharps
    Disinfecting / autoclaving/
    shredding
    Discarded Medicine and Cyto-toxic drugs
    Incineration/ destruction
    and drugs disposal in
    secured landfills
    Soiled Waste Incineration/ autoclaving
    Solid Waste
    Disinfecting by chemical
    treatment / autoclaving/
    shredding
    Liquid Waste
    Disinfecting by chemical
    treatment and discharge into
    drains
    Incineration Ash Disposal in landfill
    Chemical Waste
    Chemical treatment and
    discharge into drains for
    liquids and secured landfill for
    solids.
    District
    No of Health
    Care Institutions
    Number
    ofbeds

    TotalWaste
    kg/day

    Alappuzha 343 8835 11486
    Ernakulam 546 15819 20565
    Idukki 194 4096 5325
    Kannur 392 5149 6694
    Kasaragod 209 2107 2739
    Kollam 704 7530 9789
    Kottayam 440 9323 121209
    Kozhikode 342 9034 11744
    Malappuram 327 5030 6539
    Palakkad 316 4925 6403
    Pathanamthitta 310 5096 6625
    Thiruvananthapur
    am
    411 12910 16783
    Thrissur 434 12991 16888
    Wayanad 127 2307 2999
    Total 5095 105152 136699
    District wise details of health care institutions, beds and waste generation

    IMAGE IMA Goes Eco-friendly
    Initiated in 2000 to assist Government and Private Hospitals in
    Kerala

    Central Waste Management Plants located in Palakkad

    60% of the hospitals are affiliated to IMAGE
    NUCLEAR WASTE
    TYPES OF NUCLEAR WASTE
    Low level waste 20-30 years

    High level waste <1000 years
    EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WASTE
    Health risk
    1. Somatic effects (effect is primarily suffered by
    the individual exposed example: cancer)

    2. GENETICS EFFECTS (effect is suffered by
    the offspring of the individual exposed)



    Disposal methods
    Geological Dumping
    Geological disposal means disposal of nuclear waste
    under continental crust or under seabed

    It provides natural isolation system that is stable over
    thousands of years to contain long lived radioactive
    waste


    TRANSMUTATION OF HIGH
    LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE

    Transmutation devices consisting of nuclear reactor
    and an accelarator of charged particles are used to
    destroy radioactivity by neutrons
    The fission fragments can be transmuted by neutron
    capture and beta decay to produce stable nucleus

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