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    Laura E. Berk: Child Development

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    Laura E. Berk: Child Development

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    mansiagrawal
    444 views20 pages
    child development by laura berk

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    child development by laura berk

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    444 views20 pages

    Laura E. Berk: Child Development

    Uploaded by

    mansiagrawal
    child development by laura berk

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 20
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that child development involves physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains across different periods from prenatal to emerging adulthood. Various theories aim to describe, explain, and predict behavior at different stages.

    The main domains of child development discussed are physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

    Some of the major theories of child development mentioned are Darwin's theory of evolution, Freud's psychodynamic theory, Erikson's psychosocial theory, behaviorism, social learning theory, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.

    Child Development

    Laura E. Berk 8th edition


    Chapter 1

    History, Theory, and Applied Directions

    This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Domains of Development
    Physical Cognitive Emotional and Social

    Family Life Royalty Free CD

    Family Life Royalty Free CD

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Periods of Development
    Prenatal Infancy and Toddlerhood Early Childhood Middle Childhood Adolescence Emerging Adulthood Conception to birth Birth to 2 years 2 to 6 years 6 to 11 years 11 to 18 years 18 to 25 years

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Theory
    An orderly, integrated, evidencebased set of statements that Describes Explains Predicts behavior
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    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Basic Issues in Development


    1. Continuous or discontinuous?
    2. One course of development or

    many? 3. Nature or nurture?

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Continuous or Discontinuous Development

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Contexts of Development
    Unique combinations of: Genetics Environment
    Can result in

    different paths of development


    Family Life Royalty Free CD

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Nature and Nurture


    Nature
    Inborn, biological givens Based on genetic inheritance

    Nurture
    Physical and social world Influence biological and psychological development

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Resilient Children
    What factors offer protection from the damaging effect of stressful lives?
    High intelligence and socially endowed talents, including temperament A warm parental relationship Social support outside the immediate family Community resources and opportunities

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Historical Views of Childhood


    Medieval Era and Earlier
    16th Century 17th Century

    Childhood (to age 7 or 8) regarded as separate phase with special needs Puritan child depravity views
    John Lockes tabula rasa or blank slate view

    18th Century

    Jean Jacques Rousseaus noble savages view


    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Key Principles of Darwins Theory of Evolution


    Natural Selection, or Survival of the Fittest
    Species have characteristics that are adaptedor fit to their environments. Individuals best adapted to their environments survive to reproduce. Their genes are passed to later generations.
    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Freuds Three Parts of the Personality


    Id
    Largest portion of the mind Unconscious, present at birth Source of biological needs & desires Conscious, rational part of mind Emerges in early infancy Redirects id impulses acceptably The conscience Develops from ages 3 to 6, from interactions with caregivers
    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Ego

    Superego

    Eriksons Psychosocial Stages


    Basic trust vs. mistrust Birth1 year Identity vs. identity confusion 13 years Intimacy vs. isolation Adolescence

    Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Initiative vs. 36 years guilt

    Emerging Adulthood

    Generativity Adulthood vs. stagnation

    Industry vs. inferiority

    611 years

    Integrity vs. despair

    Old Age

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Behaviorism and Social Learning


    Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Social Learning
    Stimulus Response

    Reinforcers and Punishments

    Modeling

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development


    Sensorimotor Birth2 years

    Preoperational 27 years
    Concrete Operational 711 years

    Formal Operational

    11 years and older

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Ethology - Sensitive Period


    An optimal time for certain capacities to emerge Individual is especially responsive to environment Development is hard to induce later Boundaries less defined than a critical period
    Family Life Royalty Free CD

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Vygotskys Sociocultural Theory


    Transmission of culture to a new generation
    Beliefs, customs, skills

    Social interaction necessary to learn culture


    Cooperative dialogue with more knowledgeable members of society
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    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    Ecological Systems Theory


    Structure of the Environment

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    An Ever-Changing System
    Bronfenbrenner: chronosystem Children are both products and producers of their environment.

    Family Life Royalty Free CD

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

    The Dynamic Systems View Of Development

    Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Allyn & Bacon.

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