March 2007

Emergency Services for IEEE 802

Emergency Services for 802

Date: 2007-03-13
Authors:
Name Stephen McCann Company Siemens Roke Manor Address Roke Manor Research Ltd Old Salisbury Lane, Romsey Hampshire, SO51 0ZN, UK 170 W Tasman Dr. San Jose, CA 95134 Mailstop JF3-206, 2111, NE 25th Avenue, Hillsboro, OR 97124 Palo Alto, CA Irving, TX Phone +44 1794 833341 email [email protected]. uk [email protected] [email protected]

Dave Stephenson Vivek Gupta

Cisco Intel

+1 408 527 7991 +1 503 712 1754

Gabor Bajko Srinivas Sreemanthula

Nokia Nokia

+1 972 894 5000 +1 972 894 5000

[email protected] Srinivas.Sreemanthula@n okia.com

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

Content
Scope & Motive Introduction Regulations Media types 802 technologies Other SDOs What next?

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Introduction
This tutorial reflects work in progress. Its intention is to inform members about ongoing efforts to standardise emergency services within IEEE 802. It does not attempt to provide definitive solutions to all problems.
It hopefully will encourage all projects and members to consider whether their technology will meet the future requirements of regulatory bodies for emergency service provision.
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Scope
Within this tutorial we define Emergency Services as:
Suitable for IEEE 802 Wireless technologies Emergency voice calls Network push alerts (e.g. Emergency Alert System EAS) Vehicle communication non-VoIP calls (e.g. multi-media)

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Motive
There is an overarching concern for a consistent approach by standards development organizations (SDOs see later) to address social policy expectations, such as full Emergency Service capability, in relation to emerging access technologies. Location identification and callback capability represent baseline requirements for emergency service.

Call integrity is of prime concern

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Motive
Organizations, within the US, such as the National Emergency Number Association (NENA), the ATIS Emergency Service Interconnection Forum (ESIF) and the FCC's Network Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC) have created considerable documentation identifying requirements and technical needs that must be addressed to support emergency services (i.e. E911) through emerging access technologies. Should IEEE 802 working groups consider including in their standards whatever is needed for the generation and delivery of location identification and callback capability for individuals trying to gain access to emergency services ??

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Regulations
(I am not a lawyer)

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FCC Wireless Enhanced 911

Wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) rules seek to improve the effectiveness and reliability of wireless 911 service by providing 911 dispatchers with additional information on wireless 911 calls.
The wireless E911 program is divided into two parts - Phase I and Phase II. Phase I requires carriers, upon valid request by a local Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), to report the telephone number of a wireless 911 caller and the location of the antenna that received the call. Phase II requires wireless carriers to provide far more precise location information, within 50 to 300 meters in most cases. The deployment of E911 requires the development of new technologies and upgrades to local 911 PSAPs, as well as coordination among public safety agencies, wireless carriers, technology vendors, equipment manufacturers, and local wireline carriers. http://www.fcc.gov/911/enhanced/

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112 in the EU
Member States shall ensure that, in addition to any other national emergency call numbers specified by the national regulatory authorities, all end-users of publicly available telephone services, including users of public pay telephones, are able to call the emergency services free of charge, by using the single European emergency call number "112". Member States shall ensure that calls to the single European emergency call number "112" are appropriately answered and handled in a manner best suited to the national organisation of emergency systems and within the technological possibilities of the networks. Member States shall ensure that undertakings which operate public telephone networks make caller location information available to authorities handling emergencies, to the extent technically feasible, for all calls to the single European emergency call number "112". http://www.eena.org/view/en/citizen/112_in_eu.html

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Emergency Calls in Japan

Emergency call (notification) regulation is being discussed in Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. In operation from 1st April 2007. For analog telecommunication facilities or equivalent analog fixed telecommunication facilities
1. Emergency call must connect to the local emergency center 2. User device sends its number and location to the emergency center that is nearest the user device. 3. Emergency call maintains a circuit connection or callback function (or equivalent functions)

For other voice transmission facilities

1 and 2 Emergency call maintains a circuit connection unless the call termination signal is transmitted from the emergency center

Tutorial

Location information (one or more of ZIP, Address Code, Address, Subscriber ID etc) of user must be provided to the emergency center.
11-06-0460-01-000u-japanese-emergency-call-regulation.ppt
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Emergency Calls in Other Countries

Philippines: 112 or 911; police 117 Singapore: fire and medical 995; police 999; 112 and 911 can be dialed from mobile phones South Korea: police 112; fire and medical 119 Sri Lanka: police emergency 119 accident service 11-2691111 Lithuania: 112; fire 01, 101, or 011; police 02, 102, or 022; medical 03, 103, or 033. Note: the non-112 numbers are for separate emergency services differ in distinct telecommunications networks, whereas 112 available on all networks. Vietnam: 115; police 113; fire 114 Switzerland: fire 118; police 117; medical 144; poison 145; road emergency 140; psychological support (free and anonymous) 143; psychological support for teens and children (free and anonymous) 147; helicopter air-rescue (Rega) 1414 or by radio on 161.300 MHz.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_telephone_number#Emergency_number s_by_country
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Emergency Alert System (EAS)

http://wonkette.com/politics/television/emergency-alert-system-actually-used-183830.php
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Media Types
(I am not a journalist)

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Media Types
One Way
VoIP SMS/Text/IM Video TTY/TDD (speech impaired)

Interactive
Instant messaging and video could improve the ability to communicate and evaluate the situation and to provide appropriate instruction prior to arrival of emergency crews.

...and others as defined in http://tools.ietf.org/wg/ecrit/draft-ietf-ecrit-framework/draft-ietfecrit-framework-00.txt section 12.

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IEEE 802 technologies

(am I not an engineer ?)

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Generalized Emergency Call procedure

Location determination ( in cellular networks, this might be done by the network on behalf of the mobile phone) with Location Configuration Protocols (LCP) Location representation (geo, civic: cell-id for cellular) Mapping database discovery

Location to Service Translation (LoST)

Location conveyance

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Issues to be solved for IEEE 802

ES identification Location information
Some procedure to fetch the location information by higher layers when initializing the call may be required. Mobile terminal Network edge device (e.g. Access Point, Base Station)

Unauthenticated Network Access (e.g. IEEE 802.11) Admission Control

QoS dedicated bandwidth preemption
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Issues to be solved for IEEE 802

ES identification Location information
Some procedure to fetch the location information by higher layers when initializing the call may be required. Mobile terminal Network edge device (e.g. Access Point, Base Station)

Unauthenticated Network Access (e.g. IEEE 802.11) Admission Control

QoS dedicated bandwidth preemption
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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

IEEE 802.1

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

IEEE 802.1AB
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
A standard and extensible multi-vendor protocol and management elements to support network topology discovery and exchange device configuration and capabilities Developed and maintained by IEEE 802.1, planned for revision (for wireless purposes)

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IEEE 802.11

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Introduction
Why does IEEE 802.11 need to address Emergency Services provision at all?
Emergency Service Identification Location Unauthenticated Network Access Vehicular Emergency Communications Network Push Alert

IEEE 802.11 must be able to open an 802.1X port to proceed, if 802.1X is the required authentication procedure (i.e. not open authentication)

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IEEE 802.11 Emergency Call Setup

STA
(11u-capable)

AP
(11u-capable)

Configured by Hotspot owner / administrator

Beacon (ESN) Association request (SSID : Foo) Association Response ()

EAPOL/EAP-Request/Identity
delay

EAPOL/EAP-Response/Identity (e.g. anonymous@ESN) EAP Success (include PMK) 4-Way Handshake

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Location
Location information is being developed by IEEE 802.11k and IEEE 802.11v (RFC 3825) Request/Response paradigm
Client may request from the access point
its own location the location of the access point

GeoPriv (RFC 4119) used to wrap location information

Location standard formats supported include GEO and CIVIC

Control and Measurement mechanisms to enable tracking continuously

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

Unauthenticated Network Access

Public user credentials. In this situation, a client uses the defined network selection method to query candidate networks to determine which one (or several) supports VoIP, end-to-end QoS and emergency services. Once this has been determined, the client associates to the SSID corresponding to the chosen network using public user credentials. Use an SSID configured for Open Authentication, that is only suitable for obtaining emergency service (i.e., and not suited for obtaining other hotspot services such as internet access). Network elements necessary to complete an emergency call are reachable via this SSID. How to reach these network elements (e.g., a Call Manager) and which protocol to use (e.g., SIP) are outside the scope of IEEE 802.11.

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Admission Control
A QoS enabled client requests bandwidth using a TSPEC Request in an action frame. Currently a TSPEC Request includes parameters describing the characteristics of the traffic stream, but no information on the actual use of the traffic stream. To indicate emergency call initiation, it is proposed that a new Expedited Bandwidth Request element is used. It is the responsibility of the client to transmit this element.

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Public Safety Band (4.9 GHz)

In 2003, the FCC allocated 50 MHz of spectrum in the 4.9 GHz band to public safety services. Public safety agencies can use this 4.9 GHz band to implement wireless networks such as IEEE 802.11 for the transmission of mission-critical information such as streaming video, data access, maps, and missing person images. IEEE 802.11 has now been amended to operate within this band and is able to provide emergency facilitator communications such as: police, fire and rescue, disaster relief.

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

IEEE 802.15

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IEEE 802.15
IEEE802.15.4a has built in a position measurement capability (<1m), but it appears that they are not dealing with emergency services.

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

IEEE 802.16

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IEEE 802.16
In IEEE 802.16g there are several elements for Device Localization and Location Based Services (LBS) - which may be used for Emergency Services. Examples in location sensitized applications, emergency call origination tracking, equipment tracking etc. IEEE 802.16e utilises RFC 3825 Is it useful consider civic location issues, when cell/hotspot sizes are so high.

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IEEE 802.20

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IEEE 802.20
There is no distinct description within current draft for emergency service. However the draft indicates that the system can get the terminal location, and obviously the system can support QoS classes, that might be used as emergency service location identification and provide preferential resource for emergency call. The SectorParameters message is used to convey sector specific information from the serving sector to the access terminals, including the Latitude, Longitude, RegistrationRadius, etc. The terminal may possibly initialize a emergency call in "connected" states with an open session using ConnectionOpenRequest ?
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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

IEEE 802.21

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Architecture
AAA

Carrier Network
IEEE 802.21 Information Server
VLAN #5 Note: There does NOT need to be a 1-to-1 mapping between this and SSID #5.

DHCP AP
(11u-capable)

STA
(11u-capable)

SSID #5

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802.11u AP (MIH-aware)

Emergency Services for IEEE 802

Emergency Call with 802.21 IS

802.11u STA 802.21 IS
Pre-config Advertising protocol = IS (APID) Length limitation req from 11u to 21

Beacon (GAS: MIH) Probe REQ Probe RSP (GAS: MIH) GAS init req (MIH IE: e911 req)

Out of scope 802.11 802.21

MIH frame (e911 req)

comeback_delay

GAS init resp (Query ID, comeback_delay) GAS comeback req (Query ID) GAS comeback rsp (Query ID, e911 accepted) MIH frame rsp (e911 accepted + IS Location)

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IEEE 802.21 Information Server

Networks may support means to determine, help in determining or provide the location to the clients at various layers
Link layer specific ones: LLDP[-MED], U-TDoA, D-TDoA Link layer agnostic ones: DHCP, OMA SUPL, RELO, HELD (HTTP based) Other SDOs defined different LCPs

Service providers need flexibility on how location services are offered in their network IEEE 802.21 provides a logical place to support a comprehensive list of all support options using IS

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IEEE 802.22

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IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.22 has defined a Location Configuration Measurement Report A Location Configuration report as described in IETF RFC 3825 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Option for Coordinatebased Location Configuration Information), includes latitude, longitude and altitude. The report format shall be as described in RFC 3825, and the length shall be 16 octets.

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Vehicular Communications

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Vehicular Communications
Emergency communications is a major focus of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) activity, and it was a significant topic at the March 2005 ITU Workshop. Project MESA is also helping to call attention to this area and providing high-level direction. Two distinct areas for wireless communications:
MBW: New work item in ISO/TC204/WG16: Specific Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Communications Systems, e.g. IEEE 806.16e, IEEE 802.20 DSRC : IEEE 1609 continues work on application layer standards for IEEE 802.11p
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Vehicular Communications
DSRC/WAVE. Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) at 5.9 GHz using an IEEE 802.11p base is now called WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments). The U.S. FCC has allocated 75 MHz of bandwidth for ITS applications in this band, with emphasis on public safety and, in the U.S., WAVE may become a U.S. federally funded vehicledata network separate from the cellular network.

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Vehicular Communications
Mobile wireless broadband (MWB) represents an important part of a public sector (particularly public safety) solution. MWB can provide a consistent and robust capacity that can serve routine operations, but provide priority for emergencies. MWB is useful for commercial applications of ITS as well as to support public agency and public safety applications, due to its ability to function well over large distances and at high travel speeds. It is vitally important for commercial and public uses of MWB to remain consistent with one another, including the ability to prioritise messages, especially in case of emergencies.

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Standard Development Organizations

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Standard Development Organizations (SDOs)

ES in IEEE 802 technologies do not provide the whole solution. What do we expect from other SDOs
signaling protocol SIP (new variant USIP)
Note: SIP requires an IP address of an SIP agent. This can not be used by 802.11 in state 1, unless a SIP agent discovery protocol exists?)

codec (e.g. G711) network connection (authentication at layer 2) application authentication (e.g. https) internationalization of emergency dialing codes

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

Other SDOs

3GPP & 3GPP2 TIA TR-45 IETF ECRIT NENA OMA ITU-T ETSI EMTEL OCG EU Commission ComCare
ESIF NGES ANSI HSSP US DoT

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3GPP
Service requirements from 3GPP TS 22.101
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/Service_requirementsESW06.ppt

Architecture = IMS (centralised)

http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/3GPP IP Based Emergency Calls.pdf

Protocol Details from 3GPP TS 24.229

http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ 3GPPProtocol_details.ppt

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3GPP2 S.R0115 All IP-Network Emergency Call Support Stage 1 requirements, produced by TSG-S; recommended for publication on Sept. 14, 2006
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/3GPP2 IP Based Emergency Calls.ppt

TIA TR-45
Develops performance, compatibility, interoperability and service standards for mobile and personal communications systems Joint effort between TIA TR-45.2 AHES and ATIS WTSC (formerly T1P1) to develop Emergency Services Standards Requirements http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/TIA TR45.pdf

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IETF ECRIT
ECRIT working since 2004 Building off of the GEOPRIV work and architecture And the sipping-emergency design team of SIPPING Initial focus on using location information to learn how to direct emergency calls on the Internet

architecture = localised
IETF ECRIT Architecture http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/IETF-Overview.ppt SIP Location Conveyance: http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/SIP_Location_Conveyance.ppt Emergency Services Identifiers http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ESW06-service-urn.ppt LoST and LoST Architecture http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ESW06-LoST.ppt DHCP Civic & Geo http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ESW06-civic.ppt http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/Geo DHCP Option 123 for LCI.ppt Geopriv L7 LCP http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/L7LCP-ESW06.ppt

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NENA = North American Emergency Number Association

Sets standards (among many other things) for emergency calls in U.S./Canada Next Generation 9-1-1 project (NG911)
Complete overhaul of the entire 9-1-1 system Based on IP Includes changes to processes, funding, training, etc, etc The initial version of the technical standards part is known as i3

Architecture and solutions based on IETF protocols http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/NENA NG911 arch for SDO workshop.ppt NENA sent an liaison to IEEE 802, regarding location issues. IEEE 802.11u are currently addressing this liaison.
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OMA Mentioning of Mobile Location Services, Secure User Plane for Location, Mobile Location Protocol, Roaming Location Protocol, Privacy Control Protocol
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/OMA-LOC ES Coordination WorkshopR01.ppt

ITU-T Work focused on Telecommunications for Disaster Relief and Early Warning
http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/TDR in ITU-T Oct 06.ppt

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ETSI EMTEL
Special Committee on Emergency Communications Act as a key coordinator in getting requirements on Emergency Communications, outside ETSI (i.e. from different stakeholders) and inside ETSI (i.e. ETSI Bodies). Provide requirements on issues of network security, network integrity, network behaviour in emergency situations, and emergency telecommunications needs in networks http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ EMTEL Presentation_ECRIT 200.ppt

OCG
The Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) is a non-profit, international voluntary consensus standards organization that is leading the development of standards for geospatial and location based services.

http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/2006 OGC GML Info for October SDO Coordination Meeting.ppt

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EU Commission Presentation on the EU Regulatory Framework Discussion on establishment of document outlining responsibilities of different market players http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/EUCommission.ppt COMCARE US Organization Overview and pointers to OASIS standards for authority-to-authority communication. http://www.ietfecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/Emergency Services SDO Workshop Architecture.ppt Agency Locator Service Prototype http://www.ietfecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/Emergency Services SDO Workshop Agency Locator Services.ppt
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ESIF NGES Next Generation Emergency Services (NGES) Subcommittee created at ESIF 17 in Las Vegas Provide liaison with global SDOs for the standards development coordination Plans to develop stage 2/3 standards based on NENAs i3 requirements and to would like to act as SDO coordinator on emergency services The goal is to ensure other Standards are aware of NG9-1-1 work being done at NENA and ESIF http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ESIF NGES Update.ppt
ANSI HSSP The ANSI Homeland Security Standards Panel (HSSP) Plans to offer a forum for standards and coordination Aims to produce a white paper to outline key issues, emergency communications standards, identified gaps, and resources for further information/possible partnerships http://www.ietf-ecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ANSI-HSSP SDO Emergency Services Coordination Workshop.ppt
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US DoT Report about NG911 projects http://www.ietfecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ USDOT.ppt

Emergency Services Project in Austria Emergency service project based on IETF protocols http://www.ietfecrit.org/EmergencyWorkshop2006/slides/ AT_PROTOTYP_FIELDTEST.ppt

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Emergency Services for IEEE 802

SDO emergency services coordination workshop

Washington DC, USA, on the 10, 11 and 12 April 2007. More details about the workshop via this webpage:
http://www.emergency-services-coordination.info/

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Concluding Issues
Dont assume that IEEE 802 technologies can already support all ES requirements:
callback facility ? terminal location ? geospatial or civic? does Civic location, make sense, for large scale systems?

How far do we want to pre-empt upcoming regulations?

2 years? 10 years?

What does the market require?

Similar issues to Legal Intercept?

Do we want closer liaisons with other SDOs Comments welcome

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