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    K - 28 Gizi Pada Lansia (Gizi)

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    Vinanda Maria Alexandra
    The document discusses nutrition for the elderly. It covers changes in body composition, nutrition-related systems, and nutritional needs that occur with aging. Body composition shifts from lean muscle mass to fat mass. Sensory function, oral health, gastrointestinal function, metabolism, cardiovascular function, renal function, and musculoskeletal systems can all be affected by aging. Nutritional needs for energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and fluids are described. Nutritional screening and care for the elderly are also discussed.

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    K - 28 Gizi Pada Lansia (Gizi)

    Uploaded by

    Vinanda Maria Alexandra
    844 views26 pages
    The document discusses nutrition for the elderly. It covers changes in body composition, nutrition-related systems, and nutritional needs that occur with aging. Body composition shifts from lean muscle mass to fat mass. Sensory function, oral health, gastrointestinal function, metabolism, cardiovascular function, renal function, and musculoskeletal systems can all be affected by aging. Nutritional needs for energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and fluids are described. Nutritional screening and care for the elderly are also discussed.

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    The document discusses nutrition for the elderly. It covers changes in body composition, nutrition-related systems, and nutritional needs that occur with aging. Body composition shifts from lean muscle mass to fat mass. Sensory function, oral health, gastrointestinal function, metabolism, cardiovascular function, renal function, and musculoskeletal systems can all be affected by aging. Nutritional needs for energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and fluids are described. Nutritional screening and care for the elderly are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    844 views26 pages

    K - 28 Gizi Pada Lansia (Gizi)

    Uploaded by

    Vinanda Maria Alexandra
    The document discusses nutrition for the elderly. It covers changes in body composition, nutrition-related systems, and nutritional needs that occur with aging. Body composition shifts from lean muscle mass to fat mass. Sensory function, oral health, gastrointestinal function, metabolism, cardiovascular function, renal function, and musculoskeletal systems can all be affected by aging. Nutritional needs for energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and fluids are described. Nutritional screening and care for the elderly are also discussed.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    GIZI PADA LANSIA

    Departemen Gizi FK USU

    Classification
    The US cencus Bureau :
    65 - 74 : young old 75 - 84 : old 85 - >> :oldest old

    Gerontology + Geriatri = the Spectrum of Aging. Gerontology is the study of normal aging,include factors in biology,psychology, and sociology.

    Geriatrics is the study of the chronic diseases frequently associated with aging,including diagnosis and treatment.

    Aging nutrition are;


    Disease management Medical nutrition therapy Healthy lifestyles Disease prevention

    Nutrition may include three types of preventive services:


    Primary prevention : the emphasis is on nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention. Secondary prevention: risk reduction and slowing the progression of chronic nutriton-related diseases to maintain functionality and quality of life. Tertiary prevention : case management and discharge planning always involve chewing and appetite problems,modified diets, and functional limitations.

    Body composition
    Body composition change with aging Fat mass & viceral fat Lean musle mass : Sarcopenia: the loss of muscle mass,strength and function age related affect an older adult quality by:
    Decreasing mobility Increasing risk for falls Altering metabolic rates

    Sarcopenic obesity : loss of lean muscle mass with excess adipose tissue. Sedentary lifestyle: is a level of inactivity below the threshold of the beneficial healthy effects of regular physical activity (burning < 200cal/day) greater risk for :
    CVD, hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, obesity,overweight and death.

    PERUBAHAN NUTRITION RELATED SYSTEM PADA LANSIA

    1. SENSORY
    rasa, bau, pendengaran, penglihatan, sentuh atrofi papil mulai usia 50 tahun sensitivitas terhadap manis & asin rangsang rasa & bau perubahan metab ( saliva, asam lambung, pankreas) - dengar & lihat asupan mak ok selera

    2. ORAL HEALTH STATUS


    Xerostomia mempengaruhi asupan makanan Sulit mengunyah dan menelan Periodontal disease masalah mengunyah Gigi-geligi hanya 60% usia > 65 thn yang giginya baik Edentulous & penggunaan protese gigi - kurang efisien dibanding yang asli - asupan daging, buah segar & sayur - asupan energi, Fe & vitamin tdk adekuat

    3. GASTROINTESTINAL Laktase faktor risiko untuk osteoporosis Nafsu makan anoreksia Obat-obatan (anti hipertensi) xerostomia Sintesis kalsitriol abs Ca Hypochlorhidria : - ok sel parietal - abs Ca, vit B12 & non heme iron - bacterial overgrowth Konstipasi, sering ok : asupan <<, kurang serat, kurang cairan, kurang Olah Raga

    4. METABOLIK - toleransi glukosa


    - REE 20% antara usia 30 - 90 tahun, ok perubahan komposisi tubuh, aktivitas <<

    5. CV
    - elastisitas BV - resistensi perifer tekanan drh

    6. Ginjal - fungsi 50% pada usia 30 - 80 thn - defisiensi fungsi ginjal (+) pd 75% lansia - chronic protein overnutrition geriatric nephropathy . 7. Musculoskeletal - lean body mass , fat mass ok akt fisik dan faktor hormonal - densitas tulang sering osteoporosis

    Fat 14% Fat 30%

    Water 61% Water 53&

    Cell solids 19% Cell solid 12%


    Bone mineral 6% Bone mineral 5%

    KEBUTUHAN NUTRISI LANSIA


    ENERGI - Kebut E dengan usia BMR & akt fisik
    - Widya Karya Pangan dan Gizi : 2100 kal/ hr 1700 kal /hr - Kebutuhan usia : 40-49 thn : 5% 50-59 thn : 10% 60-69 thn : 10% - Kebutuhan enersi usia 40 thn 35 kal/kg BB ideal. - setiap 10 thn pertambahan usia kebutuhan energi 10%. - Prinsip : pola gizi seimbang

    KARBOHIDRAT
    - toleransi glukosa lebih peka thd temporary hypoglicemia atau hyperglicemia - sekresi laktase intoleransi laktosa modifikasi diet (free / low lactose) - tingkatkan konsumsi KH kompleks, serat dan batasi asupan gula. - dianjurkan 50% dr total enersi berasal dr KH.

    PROTEIN
    Fungsi : Pemeliharaan dan pengganti sel-sel jaringan yang rusak. Pengaturan fungsi fisiologis tubuh. Diutamakan asam amino esensial. Utk pria : 49 g/hr Utk wanita : 41 g/hr Protein >> memberatkan fungsi liver & ginjal. Konsumsi protein hewani & nabati 19% dr total kalori/hari

    LIPID
    Merupakan sumber tenaga disamping KH.

    Lemak >> disimpan sbg cadangan tenaga.


    Lemak >> pd manula berbahaya kadar lemak

    tbh meningkat ( khusus kolesterol darah)


    batasi lemak jenuh, pilih PUFA atau MUFA Anjuran : gunakan lemak nabati maksimum : 25% total kalori

    Pembatasan konsumsi lemak utk manula :


    Berkurangnya aktivitas tubuh Berkurangnya produksi enzim lemak tak sempurna lambung & usus. Bisa aterosklerosis kl mengkonsumsi as.lemak jenuh >>. pencernaa

    beban pada

    VITAMIN
    Sama dengan usia muda,kecuali Niasin,riboflavin dan thiamin (tergantung dr jumlah yg diperlukan) Menopause (> 50 thn) perlu vit A,D dan E sbg anti oksidant. Dianjurkan konsumsi makanan kaya vit.B12,as.folat dan B1 mengurangi resiko PJK. MINERAL - Anjuran: konsumsi makanan kaya Fe,Zn,Se dan Ca.

    Serat :
    Untuk memudahkan defikasi. Mencegah PJK,Ca colon,DM. Mencegah obesitas. Serat harus cukup 27-40 g/hr. Kalau >> akan mengurangi pemasukan zat penting

    CAIRAN
    - dehidrasi ggn keseimbangan cairan & elektr - ok : - sensasi haus - asupan cairan - diare - demam - kebutuhan cairan tgt pada tingkat aktivitas dan insensible water loss - 30 35 ml/ BB aktual

    Suplemen, masih merupakan tanda tanya,

    kebanyakan hanya berorientasi pasar

    STATUS NUTRISI LANSIA


    - pada umumnya baik - kelompok risiko tinggi untuk PEM : - tingkat pendapatan rendah - cacat fisik - isolasi sosial - gangguan mental - penyebab sekunder : - anoreksia - malabsorpsi - alkoholik

    NUTRITIONAL CARE PADA LANSIA


    Dietary planning - prinsipnya tidak berbeda dengan dewasa - dimodifikasi sesuai proses menua - penting : cukup zat gizi enak mudah dimakan - lebih mudah jika porsi kecil tapi sering

    Kebutuhan nutrisi pada Prolonged illness - bervariasi tergantung keadaan fisiologis & patologis - keadaan katabolik balans N (-) - beri dukungan nutrisi agresif - harus hati-hati

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