Engineering Graphics 1E9: Lecture 5: Perspective
Engineering Graphics 1E9: Lecture 5: Perspective
Engineering Graphics 1E9: Lecture 5: Perspective
Perspective/Central projection
Perspective is a geometric method of representing on paper the way that objects appear in real life i.e. they get smaller and closer together the further away they are from the eye of an observer. It is the most realistic of all pictorial drawings It is is the way real three-dimensional objects are pictured in a photograph that has a two-dimensional plane Perspective or central projection is used in creative art or technical sketching but seldom in technical drawing
Perspective drawings differ from other types of pictorial drawings. In Isometric, Dimetric, and Trimetric drawings, the lines remain parallel and never converge at a single point. They are useful for conveying technical information but lack the quality of realism when compared to the perspective view.
Pictorial drawings
Perspective System
MAIN ELEMENTS 1. The observers eye 2. The object 3. The plane of projection 4. Line of sight
Perspective System
Observers eye is station point SP and the visual rays are the line of sights Picture plane is the plane of projection or the paper Visual ray at eye level marks horizon on picture plane
Perspective System
Vanishing Point
The lines parallel to each other but not parallel to the picture plane converge towards a single point on the horizon VANISHING POINT
Notes
Observers eye is station point SP Visual ray at eye level marks horizon on picture plane. The horizon line (HL) is the position of horizon.
The central line of sight should direct towards the centre of interest.
The location of the picture plane (PP) determines the size of the object on the PP. Moving the PP alters perspective or scale but not proportion. The lines parallel to each other but not parallel to the PP (horizontal lines) converge towards a single point on the horizon - Vanishing points (VP)
The ground line (GL) represents the edge of ground plane on which object rests. GL defines the lower limit of drawing.
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Perspectives
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Types of Perspective
1-point perspective/Parallel perspective 2-point perspective/Angular perspective
3-point perspective
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One-point Perspective
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One-point Perspective
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Two-point Perspective
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Two-point Perspective
Object at angle with picture plane, but vertical edges are parallel to picture plane, two VP
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Three-point Perspective
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Three-point Perspective
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Step 2 Locate the picture plane (PP) so that it does not interfere with the drawing. (The PP may be same as HL)
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Step 7
Step 8
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Perspective of a rug
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Perspective of a door
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Perspective of a window
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we are going to create a 2 Point Perspective view drawing of our subject working from plan and elevation view
STEP 1
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STEP 2
The first line to draw will be the Picture Plane
STEP 3
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Place the lower right corner of Plan View on the PP and rotate it clockwise. The choice of 30 is arbitrary, but should provide a good view
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