3-d Display Methods

3-D DISPLAY
METHODS
In this section, we focus on a sub goals of realistic picture we
have to first setup a coordinate reference for camera. This
co-ordinate reference defines the position and orientation for
the plane of the camera, as shown in Figure
This plane must be used to display a view of the object; its
description has to transferred to the camera reference co-
ordinates and projected onto the selected display plane.
Then we can display object in wire frame form or we can
apply lighting and surface rendering techniques to shade the
visible surfaces
PARALLEL PROJECTION
 In parallel projection, z co-ordinate is discarded
and parallel ,lines from each vertex on
the object are extended until they intersect the
view plane. The point of intersection is the
projection of the vertex. We connect the
projected vertices by line segments which
correspond to connections on the original object.
 As shown in Figure a parallel projection
preserves relative proportions of objects but
does not produce the realistic views.
PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION
 The perspective projection, on the other hand,
produces realistic views but does not preserve
relative proportions. In perspective projection,
the lines of projection are not parallel. Instead,
they all converge at a single point called the
`center of projection' or `projection reference
point'. The object positions are transformed to
the view plane along these converged projection
lines and the projected view of an object is
determined by calculating the interaction of the
converged projection lines with the view plane,
as shown in Figure.
DEPTH CUEING
To create realistic image, the depth
information is important so that we can
easily identify, for a particular viewing
direction, which is the front and which is the
back of displayed objects. The depth of an
object can be represented by the intensity of
the image. The parts of the objects closest to
the viewing position are displayed with the
highest intensities and objects farther away
are displayed with decreasing intensities.
This effect is known as `depth cueing'.
◦
VISIBLE LINE
IDENTIFICATION
 It is possible to clarify the depth relationships
in a wire frame display by identifying visible
lines. The visible line can be displayed by
dashed lines or not display at all. This is
illustrated in Figure.
VISIBLE SURFACE
IDENTIFICATION:
The visible surface identification can be done
with visible surface algorithms. They
establish visibility pixel by pixel across the
viewing plane or determine surfaces for
object as a whole.
Once the visible, surfaces are identified
we can apply surface rendering techniques
on them to obscure the hidden surfaces.

SURFACE RENDERING
Surface rendering involves setting the surface
intensity of objects according to the lighting
conditions in the scene and according to assigned
surface characteristics. The lighting conditions
specify the intensity and positions of light sources
and the general background illumination required for
a scene. On the other hand the surface
characteristics of objects specify the degree of
transparency and smoothness or roughness of the
surface; usually the surface rendering methods are
combined with perspective and visible-surface
identification to generate a high degree of realism in
a displayed scene.

STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS
Another method for adding a sense of
realism is to display objects using
stereoscopic views. Stereoscopic devices
present 2 views of scene:
• One for left eye.
• Other for right eye.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
 Realism is further enhanced if the material
properties of each object are taken into
account when its shading is determined.
Some materials are dull and disperse
reflected light about equally in all direction,
like a piece of chalk. On the other hand,
some materials are shiny and reflect light
only in certain directions relative to the
viewer and light source, like a mirror.
SHADOWS
 We can introduce realism by reproducing
shadows cast by objects on one another.
Shadows enhance realism and provide
additional depth cues

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3-D DISPLAY

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