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    Opamp: Operational Amplifier

    Uploaded by

    Asheque Iqbal
    The document discusses operational amplifiers (opamps). It provides 3 key points: 1) An opamp is an integrated circuit that has a very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. It contains multiple differential amplifiers in cascade. 2) An opamp can be used in various circuit configurations including inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and integrator. These configurations allow the opamp to perform mathematical operations like addition, multiplication, integration, and differentiation. 3) An ideal opamp has an infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance. This causes the voltage difference between its input terminals to be zero, creating a "virtual

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Opamp: Operational Amplifier

    Uploaded by

    Asheque Iqbal
    25 views22 pages
    The document discusses operational amplifiers (opamps). It provides 3 key points: 1) An opamp is an integrated circuit that has a very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. It contains multiple differential amplifiers in cascade. 2) An opamp can be used in various circuit configurations including inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and integrator. These configurations allow the opamp to perform mathematical operations like addition, multiplication, integration, and differentiation. 3) An ideal opamp has an infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance. This causes the voltage difference between its input terminals to be zero, creating a "virtual

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    OPAMP

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    The document discusses operational amplifiers (opamps). It provides 3 key points: 1) An opamp is an integrated circuit that has a very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. It contains multiple differential amplifiers in cascade. 2) An opamp can be used in various circuit configurations including inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and integrator. These configurations allow the opamp to perform mathematical operations like addition, multiplication, integration, and differentiation. 3) An ideal opamp has an infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance. This causes the voltage difference between its input terminals to be zero, creating a "virtual

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    25 views22 pages

    Opamp: Operational Amplifier

    Uploaded by

    Asheque Iqbal
    The document discusses operational amplifiers (opamps). It provides 3 key points: 1) An opamp is an integrated circuit that has a very high gain, high input impedance, and low output impedance. It contains multiple differential amplifiers in cascade. 2) An opamp can be used in various circuit configurations including inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, and integrator. These configurations allow the opamp to perform mathematical operations like addition, multiplication, integration, and differentiation. 3) An ideal opamp has an infinite gain, infinite input impedance, and zero output impedance. This causes the voltage difference between its input terminals to be zero, creating a "virtual

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    OPAMP

    Operational Amplifier
    Number of differential amplifier in cascade.
    Integrated circuit
    High Gain
    High input impedance
    Low output impedance

    Basic OPAMP
    +
    -
    Inverting input
    Non-inverting input
    +V
    CC

    -V
    CC

    Output
    Single ended operation
    Output
    +
    -
    Non-inverting
    input
    Input
    Output
    Single ended operation
    Output
    +
    -
    Inverting input
    Input
    Output
    Double ended (Differential) input
    Input
    Output
    +
    -
    Output
    Common mode operation
    +
    -
    V
    i

    V
    o

    Ideal Case : Two inputs are
    identical, output will be zero.
    Practically a small output
    results.
    Common mode
    Rejection
    Signals which are opposite at the input, are highly
    amplified.
    Signals which are common to both the inputs ( such as
    noise etc.) are slightly amplified.
    This operation is referred to as Common mode rejection.
    +
    -
    Vi
    1

    V
    o

    Vi
    2

    Common mode
    Rejection
    Signals which are opposite at the input, are highly
    amplified.
    Signals which are common to both the inputs ( such as
    noise etc.) are slightly amplified.
    This operation is referred to as Common mode rejection.
    +
    -
    Vi
    1

    V
    o

    Vi
    2

    Common mode Rejection Ratio
    Differential Input :
    2 1
    i i d
    V V V =
    Common Input :
    ( )
    2 1
    2
    1
    i i c
    V V V + =
    Output Voltage :
    c c d d o
    V A V A V + =
    Differential gain Common mode gain
    Common Mode
    Rejection Ratio
    c
    d
    A
    A
    CMMR =
    Output Voltage
    Output Voltage :
    c c d d o
    V A V A V + =
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + =
    d d
    c c
    d d
    V A
    V A
    V A 1
    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + =
    d
    c
    d d
    V
    V
    CMMR
    V A
    1
    1
    Ac equivalent of
    OPAMP
    -
    +
    Non-inverting
    input
    Inverting input
    +V
    CC

    -V
    CC

    Output
    R
    i

    V
    d

    A
    d
    V
    d

    V
    o

    R
    o

    Basic OPAMP
    connection
    V
    1

    -
    +
    R
    1

    R
    f

    V
    o

    Constant gain multiplier
    V
    i

    R
    i

    A
    v
    V
    i

    V
    o

    R
    o

    V
    i

    R
    f

    R
    1

    V
    1

    Basic OPAMP
    connection
    Ri =
    - A
    v
    V
    i

    V
    o

    R
    o
    =0
    V
    i

    R
    f

    R
    1

    V
    1

    - A
    v
    V
    i
    = V
    o
    V
    i

    R
    f
    R
    1

    V
    1

    Basic OPAMP
    connection
    ( )
    i v
    f f
    f
    i
    V A
    R R
    R
    V
    R R
    R
    V
    +
    +
    +
    =
    1
    1
    1
    1
    ( )
    1
    1
    1
    V
    R A R
    R
    V
    v f
    f
    i
    + +
    =
    1
    1
    V
    R A
    R
    V
    v
    f
    i
    =
    If A
    v
    >> 1,
    Overall gain,
    1 1
    R
    R
    V
    V
    f
    o
    =
    - A
    v
    V
    i
    = V
    o
    V
    i

    R
    f
    R
    1

    V
    1

    i
    f
    v
    f
    i
    v
    i
    i v
    i
    o
    V
    V
    R
    R
    R A
    V R
    V
    A
    V
    V A
    V
    V
    1
    1 1
    1
    =

    =
    Basic OPAMP
    connection
    Overall gain,
    1 1
    R
    R
    V
    V
    f
    o
    =
    Unity gain,
    1
    1 1
    = =
    R
    R
    V
    V
    f
    o
    f
    R R If =
    1
    Constant magnitude gain,
    10
    1 1
    = =
    R
    R
    V
    V
    f
    o
    f
    R R If 10
    1
    =
    Virtual Ground
    In OPAMP A
    v
    is very high.
    Consider V
    o
    = 10 volt A
    v
    = 20,000
    V
    i
    = 10 / 20,000 = 0.5mV
    If overall gain = 1
    Then V
    1
    = 10volt
    Compared to all other
    voltages V
    i
    ~ 0.
    V
    o

    V
    i
    ~ 0
    R
    f
    R
    1

    V
    1

    I
    i
    ~ 0
    I I
    f
    o
    R
    V
    R
    V
    I = =
    1
    1
    1 1
    R
    R
    V
    V
    f
    o
    =
    Inverting Amplifier
    V
    1

    -
    +
    R
    1

    R
    f

    1
    1
    V
    R
    R
    V
    f
    o
    =
    Non-inverting
    Amplifier
    o
    f
    V
    R R
    R
    V
    +
    =
    1
    1
    1
    V
    1

    +
    -
    R
    1

    R
    f

    V
    1

    V
    i
    = 0
    R
    1

    R
    f

    V
    o

    1 1
    1 , lg
    R
    R
    V
    V
    ain Overal
    f
    o
    + =
    Summing Amplifier
    1
    1
    V
    R
    R
    V
    f
    o
    =
    -
    +
    R
    f

    V
    2

    R
    2

    V
    1

    R
    1

    V
    3

    R
    3

    |
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    + + =
    3
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1
    V
    R
    R
    V
    R
    R
    V
    R
    R
    V
    f f f
    o
    Analog Computer
    Integrator
    o
    o
    c
    o
    sCV
    sC
    V
    X
    V
    R
    V
    I = = = =
    1
    1
    V
    1

    -
    +
    R
    C
    C
    R
    V
    1

    V
    o

    V
    i
    = 0
    I I
    sCR V
    V
    o
    1
    1
    =
    ( ) ( )dt t v
    RC
    t v
    o
    }
    =
    1
    1
    Summing Integrator
    -
    +
    V
    2

    R
    2

    V
    1

    R
    1

    V
    3

    R
    3

    C
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    (

    + + =
    } } }
    dt t v
    C R
    dt t v
    C R
    dt t v
    C R
    t v
    o 3
    3
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1 1 1
    Differentiator
    -
    +
    V
    1
    (t)
    R
    C
    V
    o
    (t)
    ( )
    ( )
    dt
    t dv
    RC t v
    o
    1
    =

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