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    ch08 Mechanics

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    amitfebrile
    This document discusses internal incompressible viscous fluid flow. It covers topics such as fully developed laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates, turbulent velocity profiles, energy considerations, head loss calculation, pipe flow problem solving, and flow measurement methods.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ch08 Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    amitfebrile
    95 views32 pages
    This document discusses internal incompressible viscous fluid flow. It covers topics such as fully developed laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates, turbulent velocity profiles, energy considerations, head loss calculation, pipe flow problem solving, and flow measurement methods.

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    Mechanics

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    ch08 mechanics

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    This document discusses internal incompressible viscous fluid flow. It covers topics such as fully developed laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates, turbulent velocity profiles, energy considerations, head loss calculation, pipe flow problem solving, and flow measurement methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    95 views32 pages

    ch08 Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    amitfebrile
    This document discusses internal incompressible viscous fluid flow. It covers topics such as fully developed laminar flow in pipes and between parallel plates, turbulent velocity profiles, energy considerations, head loss calculation, pipe flow problem solving, and flow measurement methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

    Chapter 8 Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Main Topics
    Entrance Region Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Pipe Turbulent Velocity Profiles in Fully Developed Pipe Flow Energy Considerations in Pipe Flow Calculation of Head Loss Solution of Pipe Flow Problems Flow Measurement
    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Entrance Region

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates


    Both Plates Stationary

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates


    Both Plates Stationary
    Transformation of Coordinates

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates


    Both Plates Stationary
    Shear Stress Distribution

    Volume Flow Rate

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates


    Both Plates Stationary
    Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure Drop

    Average and Maximum Velocities

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow Between Infinite Parallel Plates


    Upper Plate Moving with Constant Speed, U

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Pipe


    Velocity Distribution

    Shear Stress Distribution

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Pipe


    Volume Flow Rate

    Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure Drop

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Pipe


    Average Velocity

    Maximum Velocity

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Turbulent Velocity Profiles in Fully Developed Pipe Flow

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Turbulent Velocity Profiles in Fully Developed Pipe Flow

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Energy Considerations in Pipe Flow


    Energy Equation

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Energy Considerations in Pipe Flow


    Head Loss

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Major Losses: Friction Factor

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Laminar Friction Factor

    Turbulent Friction Factor

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Minor Losses
    Examples: Inlets and Exits; Enlargements and Contractions; Pipe Bends; Valves and Fittings

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Minor Loss: Loss Coefficient, K

    Minor Loss: Equivalent Length, Le

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Pumps, Fans, and Blowers

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Calculation of Head Loss


    Noncircular Ducts

    Example: Rectangular Duct

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Energy Equation

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Major Losses

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Minor Losses

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Single Path
    Find Dp for a given L, D, and Q
    Use energy equation directly

    Find L for a given Dp, D, and Q


    Use energy equation directly

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Single Path (Continued)
    Find Q for a given Dp, L, and D
    1. Manually iterate energy equation and friction factor formula to find V (or Q), or 2. Directly solve, simultaneously, energy equation and friction factor formula using (for example) Excel

    Find D for a given Dp, L, and Q


    1. Manually iterate energy equation and friction factor formula to find D, or 2. Directly solve, simultaneously, energy equation and friction factor formula using (for example) Excel

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Multiple-Path Systems
    Example:

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Solution of Pipe Flow Problems


    Multiple-Path Systems
    Solve each branch as for single path Two additional rules
    1. The net flow out of any node (junction) is zero 2. Each node has a unique pressure head (HGL)

    To complete solution of problem


    1. Manually iterate energy equation and friction factor for each branch to satisfy all constraints, or 2. Directly solve, simultaneously, complete set of equations using (for example) Excel
    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Flow Measurement
    Direct Methods
    Examples: Accumulation in a Container; Positive Displacement Flowmeter

    Restriction Flow Meters for Internal Flows


    Examples: Orifice Plate; Flow Nozzle; Venturi; Laminar Flow Element

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Flow Measurement
    Linear Flow Meters
    Examples: Float Meter (Rotameter); Turbine; Vortex; Electromagnetic; Magnetic; Ultrasonic

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

    Flow Measurement
    Traversing Methods
    Examples: Pitot (or Pitot Static) Tube; Laser Doppler Anemometer

    Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

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