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    Chapter 1 1

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    Physical quantities can be measured and can be categorized as either base or derived quantities. Base quantities are functionally independent and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are defined in terms of base quantities. The document provides examples of converting between units of length, area, volume, and speed and discusses the use of prefixes in the International System of Units. It also distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities and discusses the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of measurement instruments like the micrometer screw gauge.

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    Chapter 1 1

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    say_mie3051
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    Physical quantities can be measured and can be categorized as either base or derived quantities. Base quantities are functionally independent and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are defined in terms of base quantities. The document provides examples of converting between units of length, area, volume, and speed and discusses the use of prefixes in the International System of Units. It also distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities and discusses the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of measurement instruments like the micrometer screw gauge.

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    Physical quantities can be measured and can be categorized as either base or derived quantities. Base quantities are functionally independent and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are defined in terms of base quantities. The document provides examples of converting between units of length, area, volume, and speed and discusses the use of prefixes in the International System of Units. It also distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities and discusses the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of measurement instruments like the micrometer screw gauge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views26 pages

    Chapter 1 1

    Uploaded by

    say_mie3051
    Physical quantities can be measured and can be categorized as either base or derived quantities. Base quantities are functionally independent and cannot be defined in terms of other quantities, while derived quantities are defined in terms of base quantities. The document provides examples of converting between units of length, area, volume, and speed and discusses the use of prefixes in the International System of Units. It also distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities and discusses the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of measurement instruments like the micrometer screw gauge.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    - A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured.

    Base Quantities
    - Base quantities are the quantities that are conventionally accepted as functionally independent of one another.
    - It is a quantity that cannot be defined in term of other physical quantity. The base quantities and its units are as

    2. Derived Quantities
    A derived quantity is a Physics quantity that is not a base quantity. It is the quantities which derived from the base quantities through multiplying and/or dividing them.

    How To Find Derived Unit

    Example 1

    Find the derived unit of density.

    Answer :

    Unit Conversion Area and Volume

    EXERCISE 1

    Convert the unit of length, area and volume below to the units given. a) 7.2 m = ____________cm b) 0.32 m2 = ____________cm2 c) 0.0012 m3 = ____________cm3 d) 5.6 cm = ____________m e) 350 cm2 = ____________m2 f) 45000 cm3 = ____________m3

    Answer
    a) 7.2 m = 7.2 x 102 cm b) 0.32 m2 = 0.32 x 104 cm2 = 3.2 x 103 cm2 c) 0.0012 m3 = 0.0012 x 106 cm3 = 1.2 x 103 cm3 d) 5.6 cm = 5.6 x 10-2 m e) 350 cm2 = 350 x 10-4 m2 = 3.5 x 10-2 m2 f) 45000 cm3 = 45000 x 10-6 m3 = 4.5 x 10-2 m3

    Example Complete the following unit conversion a) 12 kmh-1 = __________ ms-1

    b) 12 ms-1 = __________ kmh-1

    1.2.3 Prefixes
    Prefixes are the preceding factor used to represent very small and very large physical quantities in SI units.

    FACTOR

    ...or in full ...

    or in words

    SI SI PREFIX SYMBOL

    1,0E+24 1,0E+21 1,0E+18 1,0E+15 1,0E+12 1,0E+9 1,0E+6 1,0E+3 1,0E+2 1,0E+1 1,0E-1 1,0E-2 1,0E-3 1,0E-6 1,0E-9 1,0E-12 1,0E-15 1,0E-18 1,0E-21 1,0E-24

    1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 100 10 0,1 0,01 0,001 0,000 001 0,000 000 001 0,000 000 000 001 0,000 000 000 000 001 0,000 000 000 000 000 001 0,000 000 000 000 000 000 001 0,000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001

    septillion sextillion quintillion quadrillion trillion billion million thousand hundred ten tenth hundredth thousandth millionth billionth trillionth quadrillionth quintillionth sextillionth septillionth

    yottazettaexapetateragigamegakilohectodecadecicentimillimicronanopicofemtoattozeptoyocto-

    Y Z E P T G M k h da d c m n p f a z y

    Example 1 Change value given into standard form. 1. 2,600 = 2. 75,300,000 =

    3. 0.00023 =

    4. 0.00000004121 =

    Example 2 The frequency of the radio wave is 350M Hz. What is the frequency of the radio wave in Hz? Answer

    1.3 Scalar and Vector Quantities

    speed

    energy

    distance

    density

    Example of scalar quantities

    mass

    temperature

    volume

    Displacement

    Acceleration

    Velocity

    Example of Vector quantities


    Magnetic
    Field

    Force

    Momentum

    Precision - Ability of an instrument in measuring a quantity in a consistent manner with only a small relative deviation between readings.

    Accuracy - Approximation of the measurement to the actual value for a certain quantity of Physics. Sensitivity - Ability to detect small changes in the quantity that is being measured.

    Table above shows that the micrometer screw gauge is more accurate than the other measuring instruments.

    The difference between precision and accuracy.

    The accuracy of a measurement can be increased by


    - Taking a number of repeat readings to calculate the mean value of the reading. - Avoiding the end errors or zero errors.

    - Taking into account the zero and parallax errors.


    - Using more sensitive equipment such as a vernier caliper to replace a ruler

    1.4.2 Micrometer Screw Gauge

    1.Range and Accuracy The range of a micrometer is 0-25mm. The accuracy of a micrometer is up to 0.01mm. How to Use a Micrometer? 1.Turn the thimble until the object is gripped gently between the anvil and spindle. 2.Turn the ratchet knob until a "click" sound is heard. This is to prevent exerting too much pressure on the object measured. 3.Take the reading.

    Example 1

    Reading of main scale = 5.5mm Reading of thimble scale = 0.28mm Actual Reading = 5.5mm + 0.28mm = 5.78mm

    Example 2

    Sleeve scale :

    Thimble scale : .
    Total reading : ...

    Example 3

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