Notes Measurement Notes

Measurement Notes
Name: ______________________Period______
I. Units of Measurement
A. Length: The basic unit of length, or linear measure is the __________________ (m).
B. Mass: The basic unit of mass, or the amount of matter, is the _____________ (kg).
C. Volume: The measure of how much space an object occupies; The most
commonly used metric units for volume are the ____________________ (L) and the
milliliter (mL).
A liter is a cube 1 dm long on each side.
A milliliter is a cube 1 cm long on each side.
1 mL = 1 _______
D. Temperature: A measure of the ________________ ________________

________________ of the particles in a sample.
In scientific measurements, the Celsius and __________________ scales are

most often used.
o The Celsius scale is based on the properties of water.
o 0C is the freezing point of water; 100C is the boiling point of water.
The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature.

o At 0 K, -273.15 C (absolute zero) all molecule motion theoretically
stops.
o There are no negative Kelvin temperatures.
o K = C + 273.15
The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements.
o F = 9/5(C) + 32 and C = 5/9(F 32)
For Labs & tests/quizzes! Read ALL measuring tools THIS WAY from now on in science:
Record the NUMBER , the value of the LINE, the value of the number measured BETWEEN the
lines!
40+(eachlineisworth.1mLso.4mLmore)+onthelinemeans0.0moremL
Answer=43.0mLEventhezeroiswritten=doneright!(43mLisNOT
correct
becausethisgraduatedcylinderCANmeasuretenths(0.3,0.5,0.8mL)between
lines!
Ruler:2+(thinkingeachlineis0.1here3rdlineso.3
more)
+(waybetweenthelinesso0.05more)=2.35cm
SI Base Units
II. Metric System

A.
SI Units: Systme
International dUnits;
B.
Uses different units and
abbreviations for each quantity
__________________ help convert
the base units into units that are
appropriate for the item being
measured.
Metric System Prefixes
Prefix
Abbreviation Means
example
1 more example
King
kilo-
1 x103 or 1000
1,000 g = 1 kg
0.001 kL = 1 L
Henry
Hecto-
1x 102 or 100
100 g = 1 hg
0.01 hL = 1 L
Died
deka-
da
1x 101
10 g = 1 dag
0.1 daL = 1 L
by
BASE
UNIT
deci-
NONE
1x 100 or 1
1g=1g
1L=1L
1x 10-1 or 0.1
0.1 g = 1 dg = 1/10th g
10 dL = 1 L
chocolate centi-
1x 10-2 or 0.01
0.01 g = 1 cg = 1/100th g
100 cL = 1 L
milli-
1x 10-3 or 0.001
0.001 g = 1 mg = 1/1000th g
1000 mL = 1 L
drinking
milk
III. Dimensional Analysis & Metric Conversions

________________: An expression that says this equals that
Example-
1 hour = 60 minutes
_________________ _________________: A ratio of the equivalent values in the

equality
1 hour
or
60 minutes
60 minutes
The unit we start with is always on the _______!
1 hour
__________ __________ : A method of problem-solving that helps convert between

the units used to describe matter
# given units
from problem
factor
# find units
# given units
from equality/conversion
This t-chart format is the same as:

# given units
# find units
# given units
2
Example 1: Oak Ridge students attend school from 7:16 am until 2:35 pm. This is
7.32 hours a day. How many minutes is this?
Given: 7.32 hours
Equality: 1hour = 60 minutes
Find: # minutes
Ratios: 1 hour or
60 minutes
7.32 hours
.
60 minutes
1 hour
60 minutes
1 hour
= 7.32 x 60 minutes
1
= 439.2 minutes
Example 2: A 5k (km) run is 3.1 miles. How many meters is this?

=
Example 3: A 10k (km) run is 6.2 miles. How many centimeters is this?
=
Example 4: At 20 weeks a zygote is about 17cm. How many millimeters is this?
=
Example 5: When eyes are dilated for an eye exam they expand 5 mm. How
many cm is this?
=
________
IV. Scientific Notation
Because sometimes numbers are just

too big or small to work with.
Consists of a number with only ________
DIGIT to the LEFT of the decimal times some
power of 10.
M. x 10n
_________
_____
Example : 3.254 x 103

A. Changing from Standard Numeral to
Scientific Notation
1. Whole numbers will have Positive power of
10; move decimal to left
Example:
8,500 = _____________
2. Decimal Numbers will have Negative power
of 10; move decimal to right
Example:
0.789 = _____________
More practice
In scientific notation:
1) 3500
2) 0.0006
3) 87,500,000
4) 0.00000092
5) 513,000
3
B. Changing from Scientific Notation to Standard Numeral

1. If the exponent is (+):
Move the decimal to the right!
Example:
1.50 x 10 = _____________
2. If the exponent is (-):

Move the decimal to the left!
Example:
In standard notation:
More practice
2.63 x 10-3 = _____________
6) 5.3 x 103
7) 4.9 x 10-2
8) 8.07 x 104
9) 6 x 10-5
10) 2.83 x 10-3
V. Calculations With Scientific Notation

*ALL NUMBERS IN THE BASE NUMBER ARE SIGNIFICANT*
A. Multiplication
1. Multiply base numbers
2. Add powers of 10
Example:
B. Division
1. Multiply base numbers
2. Add powers of 10
Example:
(1.5 x 10 ) ( 2.0 X 10 ) = _______________________
4.0 x 10
2.0 x 10
= 2.0 x 10
(2 4)
= ___________
C. Addition and Subtraction with Scientific Notation

Exponents must be the same
(6.5 x 102) + (2.0 x 103) + (30.0 x 103)
(0.65 x 103) + (2.0 x 103) + (30.0 x 103)
(0.65 + 2.0 + 30.0) x 103 = 32.65 x 103 = 3.265 x 104
Every answer should be written in correct scientific notation!!
632 x 102 = 6.32 x 104
0.0754 x 103 = 7.54 x 101
VI. Uncertainty in Measurement

Different measuring devices have different uses and different degrees of
____________________ .
The more subdivisions an instrument has, the more ____________ that instrument is.
Reading Instruments:
Step 1 - Read the measurement to the smallest subdivision of your instrument
(Subdivision = the distance between two of the smallest lines) READ
the NUBMER, The SMALLEST Line and..
Step 2 - Estimate one more digit
4
Example: What is the proper measurement below?
VII. Accuracy and Precision

Accuracy: How close measurement comes to the true _______________ of that
measurement.
Precision: How often you get the same measurement; reproducibility; consistent
data.
How ___________
____________________ are to each other.
accurate / precise
accurate / precise
accurate /
precise
Example: Three different groups of students (A, B, and C) measured the mass of the
same piece of iron that has a known mass of 5.5 grams.
Trail 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
A
2.7
2.7
2.8
B
4.3
5.8
9.2
C
5.6
5.5
5.6
Which set is both precise and accurate? _______
Percent error: the ratio of an error to an accepted value

- smaller #
Percent error
NOTE: Error = larger #
error
x 100
accepted value
Example: A piece of wood has a labeled length value of 76.49 cm. You measure
its length three times and find that your average measurement is 76.53 cm.
Calculate the percent error of your measurement.
VI. Significant Figures
The term _________________ _____________________ refers to digits that were

measured.
When rounding calculated numbers, we pay attention to significant figures so we

do not overstate the accuracy of our answers.
A. Counting Sig Figs (tutorial at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b60RZqut0U )
1. All _________________ are significant.

5
2. Zeroes _________________ two significant figures are significant. (trapped zeros)

3. Zeroes at the _________________ of a number are never significant. (zeros in front)
4. Zeroes at the _________________ of a number are significant if a decimal point is
written in the number. (zeros at the end)
Example:
43.00 m
1.010 m
1.000 x 103 m
9.000 m
0.01010 m
43,010 m
All of these measurements contain ____ significant digits.

Number of Sig Figs
a________
Rule 1
a. 34 m
b________
b. 304 L
c________
c. 784,657 s
d. 9009 g
d________
Rule 2
f. 0.5 km
f________
g________
g. 0.002 L
h. 0.00304 s
i. 0.00010001 g
Rule 3
k. 10 cm
l. 50.0 L
m. 0.02020 g
n. 990.00 mL
Rule 4
p. 1.2X106kg
q. 3.03X109mm
Number of Sig Figs

k________
l________
m________
n________
p________
q________
h________
r. 4.30X1015g
r________
i________
s. 6.1010X1025s
s________
B. Calculations with Sig Figs

Multiplying & Dividing
( tutorial at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5BmoMDJLRY)
1) Multiply or divide to get an answer

2) Round your answer to the LEAST number of ____________ ________________ .
Example:
8.02 x 0.43 = 3.4486 = __________
More Calculations with Sig Figs

Adding & Subtracting (tutorial at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eXC6s9X6Wc )
1) Add or subtract to get an answer
2) Round your answer to the LEAST number of ________________ _______________ .
Example:
4.3
+ 5.4570
9.7570 = ____________
VII. Density
The ratio that compares the ______________ of an object to its ______________
It is an _____________________ physical property;
Formula:
Density =
mass
volume
d =
Units: g/mL or g/cm3
m
v
If substances do not mix, the ____________ dense substance will _____________ .

Given the densities of the four liquids:
0.69 g/mL
1.26 g/mL
1.00 g/mL
0.82 g/mL
LETTER
1) What is the density of substance A? _______
2) What is the density of substance D? _______
3) If an object with a density of 0.95 g/mL is dropped into the column, where
would it settle? __________________
Example 1: A block of wood measures 3.2 cm by 4.5 cm by 6.1 cm. When placed on the scale it
weighs 29 g. What is the density?
Example 2: A marble weighs 15 grams. When placed in a graduated cylinder that had a volume of 29
mL of water in it, the water level raised to 34 mL. What is the density of the marble?
Example 3: Pure Gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm3. If you have a chunk of gold that weighs
52 grams, what is the volume?
Example 4: An unknown substance from planet X has a density of 10 g/ml. It occupies a volume of
80 ml. What is the mass of this unknown substance?

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Measurement Notes

A liter is a cube 1 dm long on each side.

A milliliter is a cube 1 cm long on each side.

D. Temperature: A measure of the ________________ ________________

In scientific measurements, the Celsius and __________________ scales are

The Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature.

The Fahrenheit scale is not used in scientific measurements.

o F = 9/5(C) + 32 and C = 5/9(F 32)

II. Metric System

III. Dimensional Analysis & Metric Conversions

_________________ _________________: A ratio of the equivalent values in the

The unit we start with is always on the _______!

__________ __________ : A method of problem-solving that helps convert between

This t-chart format is the same as:

Equality: 1hour = 60 minutes

Example 2: A 5k (km) run is 3.1 miles. How many meters is this?

IV. Scientific Notation

Because sometimes numbers are just

Example : 3.254 x 103

B. Changing from Scientific Notation to Standard Numeral

2. If the exponent is (-):

2.63 x 10-3 = _____________

V. Calculations With Scientific Notation

(1.5 x 10 ) ( 2.0 X 10 ) = _______________________

C. Addition and Subtraction with Scientific Notation

0.0754 x 103 = 7.54 x 101

VI. Uncertainty in Measurement

Example: What is the proper measurement below?

VII. Accuracy and Precision

____________________ are to each other.

Which set is both precise and accurate? _______

Percent error: the ratio of an error to an accepted value

NOTE: Error = larger #

The term _________________ _____________________ refers to digits that were

When rounding calculated numbers, we pay attention to significant figures so we

A. Counting Sig Figs (tutorial at

1. All _________________ are significant.

2. Zeroes _________________ two significant figures are significant. (trapped zeros)

All of these measurements contain ____ significant digits.

Number of Sig Figs

B. Calculations with Sig Figs

1) Multiply or divide to get an answer

8.02 x 0.43 = 3.4486 = __________

More Calculations with Sig Figs

Units: g/mL or g/cm3

If substances do not mix, the ____________ dense substance will _____________ .

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D. Temperature: A measure of the

_ _: A ratio of the equivalent values in the

: A method of problem-solving that helps convert between

The term _ _____ refers to digits that were

If substances do not mix, the dense substance will _ .