Universal Subjectivism in Poster Form
Universal Subjectivism in Poster Form
Universal Subjectivism in Poster Form
Autonomous Ethics
Utilitarianism
Calculating the best overall consequences of an action. The value of the consequences of an action is determined solely by the welfare of individuals. Eating meat from factory farms is bad, because it causes more harm to the animal and the environment than it pleases me.
Virtue ethics
Virtues are fundamental (not rules or duties). Ethics is about good character. Lying is bad, because it makes you a bad person. Honesty is good, because it makes you a good person.
Egoism
The introduction of contaminants into a natural environment (air, water, land) that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
Pollution
Biodiversity Loss
Kantianism / Deontology
To act in the morally right way, people must act from duty (deon) and adhere to rules. Kant's categorical imperative: Act only according to that maxim by which you can also will that it would become a universal law. Stealing is bad, because it would be impossible to steal if everyone did it.
Me, me, me: one ought to always act in ones own best interests. An action is right if and only if it bene ts the agent. That which is valuable and desirable is that which bene ts oneself. I eat meat, because I like it.
Depletion of Resources
Due to unsustainable usage, natural resources are being depleted, including e.g. fresh water, fossil fuels, and minerals. Humans are rapidly using up the Earths nonrenewable resources.
The rate of species loss is greater now than at any time in human history, with extinctions occurring at rates hundreds of times higher than background extinction rates.
Over shing
Rights Theory
Ethics of Care
Caring for those who are dependent and vulnerable, being inspired by both memories of being cared for and the idealizations of self. Care involves maintaining the world of, and meeting the needs of, ourselves and others. The state is one big family, which should care for its citizens.
Rights protect individuals from harm done by others. Rights can be considered 1) God given, 2) part of the fabric of the universe, or 3) the result of collective deliberation. I can say whatever I want, because I have the right to do so.
Overpopulation
The continuous rapid population growth of humans can lead to overpopulation when the number of humans exceeds the carrying capacity of the planet.
Over shing ultimately leads to resource depletion, low biological growth rates and critically low biomass levels. For example, over shing of sharks has led to the upset of entire marine ecosystems.
Climate Change
SCALE OF SUFFERING
Behaviour
How does the animal respond to external stimuli, such as pain?
Harming others is bad because it's harmful, and what's harmful is bad. - Michael Allen Fox
Social deliberation on moral rules by rational human agents: morals by agreement for mutual bene t. How would you change society if you were a woman in Iran? Or if you were a homosexual in Russia?
Liberalism
Maximizing individual liberty without harming others. The role of the state is primarily to protect individual liberty. Do what you want, but dont hurt others.
Capabilities Approach
The ongoing decrease in pH levels and increase in acidity of the Earth's oceans, caused by the absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. About a quarter of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere goes into the oceans, where it forms carbonic acid. This ongoing acidi cation of the oceans poses a threat to the food chains connected with the oceans.
The continuous rising emissions of greenhouse gasses (eg. CO2) leads to global warming and climate change, which will have a severe negative impact on the carrying capacity of the planet and threaten the life support systems of (present and) future generations.
Deforestation
Destruction of (primary) forests by clear-cutting, which leads to deserti cation, soil erosion and biodiversity loss.
Green Liberalism
Neurology
Is the nervous system centralized? Are there opioid receptors present in the brain?
Do as you please, but without harming others including nonhuman animals and future generations. I don't eat animal products from intensive farming because it harms animals and the environment.
Stimulating and facilitating capabilities (such as education, the ability to live to old age, engage in economic transactions, or participate in political activities), which lead to human ourishing and well-being. As a lesbian Islamic woman, I should be able to develop myself.
Evolution
Is the capacity to su er evolutionary advantageous to the animal? Do any close relatives of the animal have this capacity?
Humans - God The bulk of the history of philosophy has been preoccupied with metaphysics, theology and the supernatural. Humans - Humans Most current philosophy has an anthropocentric focus. Humans - Nonhuman animals Expanding the circle of philosophical re ection by applying ethics also to nonhuman animals (e.g. Singer, Regan). Humans - Nature Latest expansion of applied ethics focusing on nature, environmental problems and future generations.
Veganism, voluntary simplicity, low carbon living, less children, earthships, transition towns
Eco-vegan minimalist
Westerner
Celebrity
UNIVERSAL SUBJECTIVISM
How can we expand the moral circle?
Imagine, you are standing at a control panel. You can set the basic rules and institutions of society (e.g. education, taxation, health care, law). Once you are done, you enter the society which you have created, but through a veil of ignorance, not knowing who you will be. Imagine living in a worst o position, e.g. in a wheelchair, as a homosexual, or as an animal in a factory farm. How would you change society if you were in a worst o position?
Ecocentrism Gaia
EQUATION OF STUPID
Veil of Ignorance
Believing that technology will x all problems. Religious: Caretaking of earth for God Secular: Caretaking of our planet for future generations Beyond Anthropocentrism: Believing in intrinsic value of nature
What we are doing What we are trying to do What we need to do What we should do
Books by Floris van den Berg: Philosophy for a Better World, 2013. Harming Others. Universal Subjectivism and the Expanding Moral Circle (dissertation), 2011. Dr. Floris van den Berg Utrecht University, Netherlands, 2012 Contact: [email protected] Designed by Joep Meindertsma
+150 years Disabled Woman in Iran Poor & starving Homosexual in Russia Future Factory farm generation animal
Partner
Participant
Having the lowest possible harmful impact on the planet. Treading softly on the earth: preserving nature.
Unio Mystica