THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB,

EDITED BY
tT. E. PAGE,
C.H., LITT.D.

LL.D.

tE. CAPPS,
L. A.

PH.D., LL.D. L.H.D.

tW. H.

D.

ROUSE,

litt.d.

POST,

E. H.

WARMINGTON,

m.a., f.r.htst.soc.

THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO

VI

THE GEOGRAPHY
OF STRABO
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

HORACE LEONARD JONES,

CORNELL DNIVERSITT

Ph.D., LL.D.

IN EIGHT

VOLUMES

VI

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

MOMLZ

G
SI

Mil ''
'

First printrd 1929 lirprinled 1954, I960

V. G>

10952?O

rrintrd in Great Britain

CONTENTS
PAOl

BOOK

XIII

BOOK XIV

197 887

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

THE

GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO
BOOK
XIII

A 2

2TPABnN02: rEOrPA<MKnN

C581

wepl tt)? WpoTzovTiBa Kal TT)v <l)^ij<i T(p AlcrtjiTM irapaXiav Trjv eaTi avrrjv Tr}<; TrepioSelat rd^iv (iTToBcoao/j-ev. Se Tpwa? Trpdyrr) tt}? Trapa\ia<^ TavTr}<i, ^? to TToXvd pvXrjTov, Kalirep iv pnrLot<; kol iv prip.ia XenrofjLeitjf;, o/xo)? TroXvXoyiav ov rijv Tvxovaav 7rpb<; tovto Be avyyv(op.rj^ irapex^'' ^fi ypa<f)fj. Bel Kal 7rapaKXr]<Te(Of;, 07r&)9 rrjv alriav rov ^ oi evrvy^i]Kov^ p,r} rjfilv pdXXov dvintTwcnv
Mexpi'
fJ-^v

1.

Bevpo (K^coptaOw ra
iirl

^pvyCa^' eTTavi6vT^ Be irdXiv

rrjv

Xdi'OVTe'i

Kal

iroBovai, Ttjv raw ei>B6^a)i> 7j T0t9 a(f)6Bpa TraXaicov yvwaiv irpoaXaix^dvei Bk t^

p,T)Ket,

Kal

TO

7rX7j0o<i

tmp
Kal

eTroiKTjadvToyp

Xoipav

'^^XXi]v(ov

re

fiap^dpcaVy

koX

rijv oi

avyypa<f)eU, ov^l to, avra ypd^ovre^ irepl rwv avToiv, ovBe aa<f)M<; irdvra' mv ev Tot9 rrptoToi^ earlv "O^rjpo^t, eiKd^eiv irepl twv TrXelariov Bel Be Kal tA toittou Bianav Kal tA irapexfop.
*

iivi.Ttr(t!(Tiv,

Kramer,

for

kvaitrwtlv

F,

kravroitv

other

MS8.

so the hiter cilitors.

* The translator must here record his obligations to l)r. Walter I^eaf for his monumental works on the Troad his Troy, Macmillan and Co., 1912, and his Straho on the Troad, Cambridge, 1023, and his numerous monographs in olassical
:

THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO

BOOK
I
1.^
I

XIII

Let

this,

sliall

now

then, mark the boundary of Phrygia.^ return again to the Propontis and the

comes next after the Aesepus River, and same order of description as before. The first country on this seaboard is the Troad, the fame of which, although it is left in ruins and in desolation, nevertheless prompts in writers no ordinary With this fact in view, I should ask the prolixity. pardon of my readers and appeal to them not to fasten the blame for the length of my discussion upon me rather than upon those who strongly yearn for knowledge of the things that are famous and
coast that follow the

And my discussion is further prolonged by the number of the peoples who have colonised the country, both Greeks and barbarians, and by the historians, who do not write the same things on the same subjects, nor always clearly either ; among the first of these is Homer, who leaves us to guess about most things. And it is necessary for me to arbitrate between his statements and
ancient.

The results of his investigations in the Tread prove the great importance of similar investigations, on the of various other portions of Strabo's "Inhabited spot,
periodicals.

World."
^

The reader

will find a

map

of

Asia Minor in Vol. V. (at

end).

STRABO
T(ov a\\(i>v, v7roypd\jravTa<; irpoTepov iv Ke(f>a\ai<p
Trjv ra)P
2.

tottwv (pvaiv.
St]^
tt}?

'Atto

Kv^iKTjvij^i

KoX

roiv

irepl

AiaTjTTOv TOTTcov Koi VpdviKov fMe)(pi

W/SvSov Kai
elvai
to,

XtjaTOv

TTjv

T?/9

WpoTTOVTiZo^
Bk

TTapaXiav

av/j.^alvL,
Trepl "IXtov

ttTTo

A^vBov

fiexpi' ^

Acktov

Kal TeveBou koI

AXe^dvBpeiav

ttjv

Qb%2

TpcodBa' TrdvTcov Bt] tovtcop virepKeiTai t) "I^i; TO 0/309, /J'^xpi AcKTOv KaOrjKovaa' diro Acktov Be Katxov TTOTa/xov Kal rtav ^avtov Xeyofievcov fi)(pi, * earl ra Trepl "Aaaop xal ABpa^vTTiov Kal Kal Kal top 'EXam/fOV Yli,Tdvr)v ^Arapvea koKttop' oI? irdaip dpTiirapijKei rj rSiP Aea^iotv
eld^ ^^V? Ta irepl Kvp,7jp fiexpi "^pfiov Kal ^(OKaia<^, ijirep dp^V f^^^ ''"')* I^w^^ta? eVrt, toiovtcop Be rSiP tottcov Trepan; Be tt}? AtoXtSo?.
vrjcro^'

opTcop, 6 p.ep 7roir}T7)^ drro tmp irepl Ai<Tr)7rop TOTTCOV Kal Toyp Trepl rtjp pvp Kv^ikijptjp ^a>/}ai/

VTrayopevei p^dXtara rov^ T/jwa? dp^ai p-^XP'' "^^^ KatKOV TTOTa/ioO BiTjpijp,Pov<! Kara Bvpa<TTeia<i et? OACTO) p,epiBa<i rj Kal eppea' to Be tcop dXXayv
CTTiKovpcop
/j.elTai.

TrXT]Oo<{

ep

TO??

avfip.dxoi'i

Btaptd-

3. Ot 8' vcrrepop TOv<i opov<i ov tov<{ avrov^ Xeyovai Kal toU opop-aai XP^^'^^*' BtTjXXayp,Pa)<;f ^ p-dXiara Be al tcop pep.opre^ TrXetof ?. aipeaei^; 'EXXjjpcdp dTTOiKiai 7rapcr^?;ao-t XoyoP' ^ttop fiep
i)

'luipiKiy TrXeiopi
*

yap

BieartjKe

Ttj<i

Tp<i)dBo^'

rj

H,

Corai, for

so the later editors.

aipta*is to

Muineke, following conj. of Corais, eniencln

iiaipfotit.

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

1-3

those of the others, after I shall first have described in a summary way the nature of the region in question. 2. The seaboard of the Propontis, then, extends from Cyzicene and the region of the Aesepus and Granicus Rivers as far as Abydus and Sestus, whereas the parts round Ilium and Tenedos and the Trojan Alexandreia extend from Abydus to Lectum. Accordingly, Mt. Ida, which extends down to Lectum, lies above all these places. From Lectum to the Caicus River, and to Canae,^ as it is called, are the parts round Assus and Adramyttium and Atarneus and Pitane and the Elaitic Gulf; and the island of the Lesbians extends alongside, and Then come next the opposite, all these places. parts round Cyme, extending to the Hermus and Phocaea, which latter constitutes the beginning of Ionia and the end of Aeolis. Such being the position of the places, the poet indicates in a general way that the Trojans held sway from the region of the Aesepus River and that of the present Cyzicene to the Caicus River,^ their country being divided by dynasties into eight, or nine, portions, whereas the mass of their auxiliary forces are enumerated among the allies. 3. But the later authors do not give the same boundaries, and they use their terms differently, thus allowing us several choices. The main cause of this difference has been the colonisations of the Greeks less so, indeed, the Ionian colonisation, for it was farther distant from the Troad but most of
; ;

the position of this promontory, see Leaf, Ann. Brit. School at Athens, XXII, p. 37, and Strabo on the Troad,
p.

On

XXXV iii.
*

See Leaf, Strabo on the Troad,

p. xli.

STUAliO
Be TOiv AloXewv Travrdrraa-L' Kad^ oXrjp ycip ecKehdadr] diro t?}? \\v^LKrivri<i fie\pi rov KatKOV Koi iireXa^ev en irXeov rr)v fiera^v rov KatKov Koi Tov "lip/jLov TroTUfiov. Terpaat yap Br)
yeveal'i

irpea^vrepav
^\(i)viKri<i,

<f>a(Tl

KLav

TTj^

Biarpi^cLfi
^

Xpoi^ov<i

p,aKpoTpov<;.

rqv AloXiKrjv uttolBe Xa^elv koX ^Opearr^p p,ev yap ap^ai

TOV aroXov, rovrov 5' eV ApKaBia reXevrtjaavTO^ TOP ^iop, BiaB^^aadai top viop avTov UcpOlXop
KoX irpoeXOelp p-expi' /oa/t?;? e^tjKOpra ereat rutp TpcoiKcop vaTcpop, utt' avri}P Tt]P tcop ^HpafcXci-

Bmp eh

lieXoTTOppTjcrop kvlOoBop' elr ^ApyeXaov, viop eKeipoVy TTepaiaxrat. top AIoXikop (TtoXov ei<t TTjp pvp Kv^iKTjprjp 77JP irepl to AaaKvXtop' Vpdv Be, TOP VIOP TovTov TOP vewTUTOP, TTpoeXOoPTa
fjiexpi

p.POP a/jieipop irepaLcoaai to irXeop tj)?

6t<?

TOV TpaPLKOv iroTapLov Kal irupeaKevaaaTpaTia^ Aea-^op Kal tcaTaax^iv aunjp' KXevrjp Be, tov
Kal

Acopov,
6pTa<i

MaXaop,

Kal

avTOv<i

uTroyopov^
T)]P

Ayap.ep,POPO<i,

avpayayelp pep

<TTpa-

Tiap Kara top avrop )(p6pop, KaO* op Kal XlepOlTOP p,P TOV YlepdlXov (ttoXop <p0rjpat Xo9' nepaicoOepTa eK tt)? %paKi)<^ eU ttjp Aaiap, tovTov<i Be irepl ttjp AoKplBa Kal to ^piKiop opo^ BiuTpiyfrai ttoXvp xP^^^^' vaTepop Be BiafidpTa<!

aW^

KTiaraL ttjp Ku/a>;i^ ti^p

^pLKwpiBa KXijBelaap dnb TOV AoKpiKov 6pov<;. 4. 'Va>p AioXecop tolpvp Ka6' oXrjp cKeBacdevTUiP Tr)P xcopap, rjp e<f)apP vtto tov 'rroirjTov ^ X^yeaOai TproiKijp, ol vcTepov ol fxep iraaap AloXiBa TTpocayopevovaip, ol Be ^epo<;, Kal 'Vpoiav
*

5',

after

ol,

Corals suggests

8o

tlie Inter

editors.

GEOGRAPHY,
all

13.

1.3-4

that of the Aeolians, for their colonies were scattered throughout the whole of the country from Cyzicene to the Caicus River, and they went on still farther to occupy the country between the Caicus and Hermus Rivers. In fact, the Aeolian
colonisation, they say, preceded the Ionian colonisation by four generations, but suffered delays and took a longer time ; for Orestes, they say, was the

leader of the expedition, but he died in Arcadia, and his son Penthilus succeeded him and advanced as far as Thrace sixty years after the Trojan War, about the time of the return of the Heracleidae to the Peloponnesus; and then Archelaiis^ the son of Penthilus led the Aeolian expedition across to the present Cyzicene near Dascylium and Gras, the youngest son of Archelaiis, advanced to the Granicus River, and, being better equipped, led the greater part of his army across to Lesbos and And they add that Cleues, son of occupied it. Dorus, and Malaiis, also descendants of Agamemnon, had collected their army at about the same time as Penthilus, but that, whereas the fleet of Penthilus had already crossed over from Thrace to Asia, Cleues and Malaiis tarried a long time round Locris and Mt. Phricius, and only later crossed over and founded the Phryconian Cyme, so named after the Locrian mountain. 4. The Aeolians, then, were scattered throughout the whole of that country which, as I have said, the i)oet called Trojan. As ior later authorities, some apply the name to all Aeolis, but others to only a part of it ; and some to the whole of Troy,
first
;

Pau^uias

(3. 2. 1)

spells his

name "

Echelas."

STRABO
Xo/9 o/xo\o'youvT<i.
rrjv

ol fiv '6\t)v, 01 Be fiipo<i avTr)<;, ouBev rXw? a\\;evdif^ yap inl tmv Kara rrfv

UpoTTOVTiSa roTTcov

6 fiev "Ofx-qpo'^ airo Alo-tjttov

apxr^v iroielraL t^9 TpwaSo?* Ei58o^o9 he airo Ylpidirov ^ Ka\ ^ApraKrj^, rov iv rfj Kv^LKrjvoiv 583 ^V^V %a)/9fbi; avTaipovTO<; Tq> TlpidTrfp, avareWwv
iir

eXariov

crvareXXeL

(itto

tov<; opov<;' Aa/x(iaTTj<{ 5' en fidWov HapioV fcal yap ovto<; p,kv eo)?
6'

AcKTOv irpodyu, dWoL

Aa/JLylraKijvbi;
Biovfi,

dirb
aTrb

eicriv

dWo)^' \dpa)P 5' 6 dWov<i d<j)aipl araUpaKrlov dp^6fjLvo<i' roaovTOi ydp Uaplov ct? UpdKTiov' ecu? fxevroi
TpiaKoaiov^i

^ABpa/jiVTTLov 7rpoi<TL' ^KvXa^ Be 6 KapvavBv<; diro ^A^vBov dp-)(erai' op-ouix; Be rrfv AioXiBa *'K<f)opo<; fiev Xeyei dirb ^A^vBov p-^XP'' K1J/X779,

aXXoi
5.
fievrjv

8' aXXft)?.

To7roypa(f)l Be

KdXXiara
"J^r;?
rrjv

rrjv

ourayf;

Xeyo-

TpoLav

77

ttj^;

$ecn<i,

6pou<i

vyIrrjXov

l3X7rovro<; irpot

Bvaiv Kal

ravrrj OdXarrav,

p,LKpd 5' 7riaTpe<povTo<;^ Kal 7rpo<; dpKrov Kal ttjv eari Be avrr) p.ev rij<; WpoirovTavTT) TrapaXiav. arei'MV eiri top tIBo<; utto tmv Trepl "A^vBov

Xarra
*

ttjp Kv^iKTjPTjv, t] B" ecTTTepia Odo tc 'KXXijo-ttopto^ earip^ 6 e^o)* Kal to AiyaXop ireXayo^, 7roX\oi9 8' e^ovaa TrpoTToBat

Ai<TT)7rov Kal

icai

'Af>Tcf)j

Sfudirjf,
*

XXX VI I., p.
2

(he Troad, p.
'

npitfwy, Tjoaf, in Journal of Helltnic 22, would delete ; so in his Strabo on his note on p. 47). (see
. . .

iiri<TTpi<povTos Kjr, iniirrpa^ivrot

other MSS.
so the lat^r editors.

before Hlw. Kramer inserts r{ KF, iy ^ other MSS.

6,

Iliad

2.

824.

See

9 following.

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

4-5

but others to only a part of it, not wholly agreeing with one another about anything. For instance, in reference to the places on the Propontis, Homer makes the Troad begin at the Aesepus River,^ whereas Eudoxus makes it begin at Priapus and Artace, the place on the island of the Cyziceni that lies opposite Priapus,^ and thus contracts the limits; but Damastes contracts the country still more, making it begin at Parium and, in fact, Damastes prolongs the Troad to Lectum, whereas other
;

Charon of Lampextent by three hundred stadia more, making it begin at Practius,^ for that is the distance from Parium to Practius however, he prolongs it to Adramyttium. Scylax of Caryanda
writers prolong sacus diminishes
it

differently.

its

makes it begin at Abydus and similarly Ephorus says that Aeolis extends from Abydus to Cyme, while others define its extent differently.* 5. But the topography of Troy, in the proper sense of the term, is best marked by the position of Mt. Ida, a lofty mountain which faces the west and the western sea but makes a slight bend also towards
;

the north and the northern seaboard.^ This latter is the seaboard of the Propontis, extending from the strait in the neighbourhood of Abydus to the Aesepus River and Cyzicene, whereas the western sea consists of the outer Hellespont * and the Aegaean Sea. Mt. Ida has many foot-hills, is like
2 3

See Leaf, Strdbo on

the Troad, p. 47.

1.

Whether

city or river (see 13.

21).

See Leaf's definition of the Troad {Troy, p. 171). ^ See Leaf, Straho on the Troad, p. 48. ^ On the meaning of the term Hellespont, see Book VII, Frag. 57 (58), and Leaf {Strabo on the Troad), p. 50.

STRABO
17

"Ihrj

Kol

<TKo\o'JTevhp(ohr)<i

ovaa to

(Txrjfia

iaxdroL^ a<f)opL^eTai Tourot?, t^ re irepl ttjv ZeXetav aKpcoTr)pi<p Kal tw KaXov/xevo) Acktw, ry
pLev ttjv p^aoyaiau pUKpov vnep koX Stj kol eari vvv t) ZeXeia rSiV Kv^iKrjvMv to Be AeKTOv ek ro TreXayof; KaOrfKei to Alyalov, ev irapaTrXcp Keipevov T0t9 eK Tevehov irXeovaiv el<; Aecr^op.
Tr;9
Kv^t,Kr}vr]<;'

reXevTcavTi

eh

"IBrjv 5' LKavov iroXviriBaKa p^fjrepa Orjpwv,

Aektov, 001

TTpuiTov XiTTerijv

aXa

"Ttt^o? Kal r)"Hpa, TOt? ovaiv oIkcIox; rov troirjTov TO AeKTov Kal yap on rij^ "IS?;? iarl (f>pd^ovTo<i TO AeKTov Kal hioTL TTpcorrj a7ro/9a(Tt9 eV OaXdrrr}^
avTT] TOi<; 7rl ttjv "IBrjv dviovaiv, eiprjKev opOm,'* Kal TO iroXvirihaKov evvhporarov yap Kara ravra ' to 6po<i, BrjXol Be to 7rXi}0o<; rwv p,dXiara
TTOTapuav,

oaaoL an* *lBaLcov opetov oXaBe trpopeovai, 'P^<T09 6^ 'Kirrdtropo^ re

Kal
ol
e^fjs,

oO?

eKelvo^
rov<i
Brj

eipyjKe

Kal

fjplv

vvvX

irdpeariv opav.
rov<; e<^'
rrjv

irpoiroBas rov^ ^<^X^'

eKarepa

TteXeiav,

<l>pd^a)v* ovrQ)<i ro rovrwv Kal oiKelax;

*

AcKrov koI

d<Popi^i>
*

Vdpyapop, aKpov Xeytov

aKptopeiav Kal yap vvv

8fli,

Koi rh
ifOT^

Xylaiuler, for Sti; so the later editors. . Apaf, ejected by Meineke.

. .

ravra fiiKiara, Leaf brackets (see hia note, op, cU.,

p. 49).
*

^p(L(vy,

Meineke, from conj. of Kramer, for Spau

GEOGRAPHY,
:

13.

i.

the scolopendra^ in shape, and is defined by its two extreme limits by the promontory in the neighbourhood of Zeleia and by the promontory called Lectum, the former terminating in the interior slightly above Cyzicene (in fact, Zeleia now belongs to the Cyziceni), whereas Lectum extends to the Aegaean Sea, being situated on the coasting-voyage between Tenedos and Lesbos. When the poet says that Hypnos and Hera "came to many-fountained Ida, mother of wild beasts, to Lectum, where first the two left the sea," " he describes Lectum in accordance with the facts for he rightly states that Lectum is a part of Mt. Ida, and that Lectum is the first place of disembarkation from the sea for those who would go up to Mt. Ida, and also that the mounfor there in tain is "
;

particular many-fountained," the mountain is abundantly watered, as is shown by the large number of rivers there, *^all the rivers that flow forth from the Idaean mountains to the " ^ and the following,* sea. Rhesus and Heptaporus all of which are named by the poet and are now to be seen by us. Now while Homer thus describes Lectum ^ and Zeleia ^ as the outermost foot-hills of Mt. Ida in either direction, he also appropriately

distinguishes Gargarus calling it "topmost.'"'

*

from

And

them as a summit, indeed at the present

genus of myriapods including some of the largest

cenLiptMles.
2 *
-

JUad 12. 19. Iliad 14. 283. The Granicus, Aesepus, Scamander, and Simoeis.

'

Iliad 14. 284. Iliad 14. 292, 352

Jliad 2. 824.

15. 152.

man.

Xeyui', Kramer, for repwv CFmoz, repay sec, whence erfpov hi and Tzschucke.

with

above r

STRABO
rdpyapov
roTTO^;,
rrj<i "IS?;? Beixuvrat ov rd vvv Vdpyapa TroXt? AloXiKtj. ovv T?)? ZeXeta? Koi rov Acktov Trpuyrd

iv to?? avo) fxepeai

d(f)^

ipTOt fiev
(TTiv

dwo Tr}? Ylpo7roPTLSo<; dp^afj,V0L<; rd ^ p-^xpt. KUT A^vSop arepcop' etr* e^o) tt}? UponopTtSo? Ta fiexpi- AeKTOu, 6. K,dp,\lraPTL Se to Acktop C 584 dpaxetrai KoXfrot
*"

TUiv

p,e'ya<i,

op

rj

"IBtj

iroiel 7r/3o? tt)p rjireipop

povaa^
darepov
*

drro

tov AeKTov kol al

8'

Kat'at, to

dpa^j^k

fxepovf

AcKTO)' KokovaL
ABpap.vTTr)p6p.

dpTiKLp,POP UKpoarriptop to) oi /j,P *\Balop koXttov, ol o

ip

Toi^T^

Bk

al

tq)p

AloXecDP

iroXei^ p^XP'' '^^^ K^o\a>p tov "Kppov, Kaddirep elpiJKapep. eiprjraL Bk ip TOt? ep.irpoadep on TOt?

Bv^aPTLOu TrXeovai

icrrlp 6 7rXov<i,

Btd p,eari^ rfjt T^9 'A<7ta? p-^xpi- K.apia<s, Tavnjp Bt) <f>vXdrT0PTa? xph "^h^ viTodeaiP ukovcip tcop ^?)9, k&p Xey(i)p,P koXttov^; Tipd'i P ifi irapaXla, Ta? re aKpa^i Bel poelp Ta9 'noiovaa<; avrov<i eVl t/}?
avrrj^i
ypap,p,i)<i
Kf:ip,pa<i,

tt/jo? votop eV ev0La<t irpdrop cVi Xtjcttop koI "A^vBop ' llpo7roPTLBo<;, CTreira rf]<i irapaXia^

Cyairep

Tipb<i

peatj/x-

^pLPri^'
7. ^jK Bt) TQ)P i/TTO TOV TTOIIJTOV Xyop,P(OP elKu^ovaip ol (fipoPTlaaPTd irepl tovt(op irXeop ti, irdaap ttjp irapaXlap TavTijp vrro toU Tpcjal

yeyopepai, Bijjprjp^pyjv p,P

*

et?
:

BvpacTclaft

eppea,

rd, before fxtxpi,

* *

so the later editors. so Leaf. iiyax**povaa E, iiwox<pov<ra other MSS. is indefensible ; perhaps xaph tJjk iraptiKlap TTis wapa\las
insertu
;

Oroskurd

(Kramer).
*

See Leaf,

iitrcUH)

on the Troad,

p. xliv.

13

GEOGRAPHY,
time people point out
place
called

13.

i.

5-7

in the upper parts of Ida a Gargarum, after which the present Gargara, an Aeolian city, is named. Now between Zeleia and Lectum, beginning from the Propontis,
first the parts extending to the straits at Abydus, and then, outside the Propontis, the parts extending to Lectum. 6. On doubling Lectum one encounters a large wide-open gulf, which is formed by Mt. Ida as it recedes from Lectum to the mainland, and by Canae, the promontory opposite Lectum on the other side. Some call it the Idaean Gulf, others the Adramyt-

are situated

tene.

On

this gulf^ are the cities of the Aeolians,

extending to the outlets of the Hermus River, as I have already said.^ I have stated in the earlier parts of my work ^ that, as one sails from Byzantium towards the south, the route lies in a straight line, first to Sestus and Abydus through the middle of the Propontis, and then along the coast of Asia as far as Caria. It behooves one, then, to keep this supposition in mind as one listens to the following and, if I speak of certain gulfs on the coast, one must think of the promontories which form them as lying
;

in the
7.

same

line,

Now

as

for

a meridian-line, as it were. Homer's statements, those

who

have studied the subject more carefully * conjecture from them that the whole of this coast became subject to the Trojans, and, though divided into nine dynasties, was under the sway of Priam at the
13. 1. 2 (see Leaf's article cited in foot-note there). Strabo refers to his discussion of the meridian-line drawn by Eratosthenes through Byzantium, Rhodes, Alexandria, Syene, and Mero (see 2. 5. 7 and the Frcmtisfiece in Vol. I). * Strabo refers to Demetrius of Scepsis and his followers.
'
*

13

STRABO
Kara rov '\\iaKOV Kal XeyofiAviqv Tpolav BP)\ov Be k r&v Kara fiepo*;. ol yap irepX rov *A ytWea Ttxijpi<; 6pa)vre<{ tou? 'IXte'a? Kar^ dp-)^d<;, e^ay rroieladai rov rroke/xov irre^^^eipTjaav kuI irepiiovre'i d<f>a(pivTTo Be T(p Tlpidfifp Terayfxevrjv
TToXe/jiov

adai rd kvkXm'
BcoBeKa
7re^o<f 8'
Br]

avv vt)val 7roXe<9 dXdira^^ avOpui(f)r)/jLi

rrcov,

evBeKd

Kara

Tpolyjv ipi^coXov.
rjiretpov

Tpolav yap

XiycL

ri)v

TreTropOijfiivTjv

ireiropdqraL Be cruv dWoi^: roTTOi'i Kal rd dvriKeifieva rfi Aia^w rd rrepl ^n/3r)v Kal Avpvijaaov Kal TitjBaaov ri/v ruiv AeXeycov Kal en t) rov

KvpvTTvXov rov VtjXi^ou

7ratBu<i'

aW'

olov rov Tr]\(f>lBi]v Karev/jparo ;j^a\/t^,

ttctto/j-

NeoTTToXe/zo?, rjpco ^vpvTTvXov. ravraBrf Otjodai Xeyei Kal avrrjv rt/v Aecr^ov

ore

Aea^ov

evKrifievyv eXev

auro^'

Kal
rrepae Be Avpvrjaabv Kal UrjBacrov

Kal

Avpvqaaov BiawopOtjaa^ Kal

iK fiev Aupvrfaaou
ri]v K
17

rL\^a

-Stj^;,

BpiarjU edXco

Avpv7)aa-ov e^elXero'
* Kal rov ^Ririarpfxpov Optjvovaa rov Udrpo-

^9 ev

rf}

dXaxrei rov Mvvrfra

rreaelv, (f>Tjaiv, C09 v B/3r;l9

kXov
14

BrfXol'

GEOGRAPHY,
time of the Trojan
this
is

13.

i.

War and was called Troy. And from his detailed statements. For instance, Achilles and his army, seeing at the outset that the inhabitants of Ilium were enclosed by walls, tried to carry on the war outside and, by making raids all round, to take away from them all the " Twelve cities of men I have surrounding places laid waste with my ships, and eleven, I declare, by land throughout the fertile land of Troy."^ For by " "Troy he means the part of the mainland that was sacked by him and, along with other places, Achilles also sacked the country opposite Lesbos in the neighbourhood of Thebe and Lyrnessus and Pedasus,^ which last belonged to the Leleges, and also the country of " But what a man was Eurypylus the son of Telephus. that son of Telephus who was slain by him with the bronze,"^ that is, the hero Eurypylus, slain by NeoptoNow the poet says that these places were lemus. sacked, including Lesbos itself: "when he himself " took well-built Lesbos and '' he sacked Lyrnessus * " ^ and Pedasus and " when he laid waste Lyrnessus and the walls of Thebe."* It was at Lyrnessus that Briseis was taken captive, "whom he carried away from Lyrnessus";'' and it was at her capture, according to the poet, that Mynes and Epistrophus fell, as is shown by the lament of Briseis over
clear
:

Iliad

9.

328.

Odyssey 11. 518. Iliad 20. 92. Iliad 2. 690.

Iliad 20. 92. Iliad 9. 129. Iliad 2. 691.

*

fXey,
/col

Xylander, for eXes

'EirltTTpoipov,

so the later editors.

ejects.

'

rhy

Meineke

15

STRABO
oifhe fiev

ovhe

/i

aaK<;, or

dpBp* ifiov cokv^

KTivv, Trepaep Be ttoXlv Oeloio Mvi/rjTO^,

xXaietP'

CbS5

ifKpalpei yap ttjp Avpprjcraop Xiycap iroXip Oeloio MvPT)To<;, ft)9 av BvpacrTvofj,PT]P vrr avrov, xai PTavOa Trecrelp avrop fiaxofiepop' k Be Stj^rj^

t%

rf

Xpvarji<; iXrj^Orj'

wXOfieO^ e? ^jj/Srjp teprjp iroXiP ^Herldopo^*

ex
*

Be

T(OP

^pvarfiBa. ei^OepBe

d\6ePT(0P eKeWep <f)rj<Tip eipai 5' ^p xal rf ^AvBpofidxv^

rrjp

AvBpop.d')(^rj Ovydrrip fiyaXi]Topo<; 'Hertwro?* ^HeTLcjp, 6? PaiP inro WXdKw vXyjeaar), ^rj^rj ^TTTOTrXaKLrj, KtXiKa<r^ dpBpeaaiP dpda-

GMP.
Bevrepa ovp avrtj Bvpaareia TpwLKrj p^ra
VTTO Mvi'TJTl.
^

rrjp

OlACet'oX?

Bk TOVTOtt Kal TO VTTO T^9

ApBpopd,)(ri'i

Xe^Oep

ovra><;,

"FjKTop, eyo) BvaTijpo^i' Iff dpa yetPopeO^ OA<J^r} dp^orepoi, a if pep ep Tpoirj Upidpov en oik^,

avrhp eyoii ^^^rjaip, ovK oioPTac Beip e^ evdeia<; aKoveiVy

TpOLT},
ep\

<rv

pep ep

avrdp eyw

Hrj^ija-ip

r)

Srjl3yj6ei\^

xnrep^aTOP' dp<f>6repot ep 'Vpoirj,^ oIk^, avrclp cyco ^rj^rjcn. rpirrf T) rtop AeXeywp, kol avrr} 'Vproifcrj,
aei'

dXXd /caO^ av pep Wpidpov

8'

ecrip

"AXxfO), 09 AeXeyeaat (fnXoTrToXepoiaip dpdtT-

ov
16

rfi

dvyarpl

trvpeXdwp

II piapo<;

yepva

top

GEOGRAPHY,
:

13.

i.

" thou wouldst not Patroclus even, not even, let me weep when swift Achilles slew my husband and " ^ sacked the city of divine Mynes for in calling
;

Lyrnessus ^'the city of divine Mynes" the poet indicates that Mynes was dynast over it and that he
fell

in

battle

there.

But
:

it

was at

Thebe that

" AndroThence, too, came Andromache place.3 Eetion mache, daughter of great-hearted Eetion who dwelt 'neath wooded Placus in Thebe Hypoplacia,* and was lord over the men of Cilicia."^ This is the second Trojan dynasty after that of
:

We went into Thebe, Chryseis was taken captive " the sacred city of Eetion ; 2 and the poet says that Chryseis was part of the spoil brought from that
;

"

Mynes. And consistently with these facts writers think that the following statement of Andromache, " Hector, woe is me surely to one doom we were thou in Troy in the house of born, both of us Priam, but I at Thebae," should not be interpreted '' thou in Troy, but I at strictly, I mean the words Thebae" (or Thebe), but as a case of hyperbaton, '' meaning both of us in Troy thou in the house of Priam, but I at Thebae." The third dynasty was " Of that of the Leleges, which was also Trojan Altes, who is lord over the war-loving Leleges," ^ by whose daughter Priam begot Lycaon and Polydorus.

Iliad 19. 295. Iliad 1. 369, Iliad 22 477.

a *

Iliad

1.

366.
'

The epithet means '"neath Placus."

Iliad 22. 477.

Iliad 21. 86.

it^diiSt
(TV

'AvSpo/xdxv,
S-f}$r)dey,

found orly in the Epitome.

ejects.

n(p

Meineke
Tpoiris

'

iv Tpoiy

Epitome, Sk

MSS.
t1

STRABO
AvKaova Koi
"FjKTopi
T/0fc)69'

YloXvhtopov.
TO)

koX

fiifv o'i

ye vtto

tm

KaraXoyfp
fJLya<i

raTTo/jtevoi

Xeyoi/iai

Tpoxrl

fjLev

^yefioveve

KopvdaloXo^" EKTcap,
^

eW*

01 VTTO r(p

Aiveia'

AapSaPLcov avT vpx^^ ^^f Tralf Ayxiaao*

KoX ovTOi T/Owe?*
<f)r)(xl

yovp*

Alvela, Tpaxov ^ov\i]<t>6pe.

eW

oi VTTO

llapBapM

Avtcioi, 0^9 xal avTOifi fcaXei

T/3Wa9"
OL Be

ZeXtiap evaiov viral iroBa veiuTov

"ISrj^,

*A<f)veiol, 7rlvoPT<i vScop

Tpwe?' roiv
llavBapof.

peXau AlarfTroio, avT^ VPX^ Avkuopo^ dyXa6<i ft 09,

xal firjv oX ye fiera^if fCT7j S' avTTj Bwaarela. TOO Alat)'rrov kuI ^A^vBov Tpcoa' vtto pev yap " TO) A<jL(p earl ra irepX A^vBov'
^

01

B'

dpa

llepKcoTTjv

xal UpaKTiop

apxf>i''

pOPTO, ^ Kal %Y)arop teal "A/SvBop e^op xal Biap Apia^qp, TUiP avd' 'TpTafclBr)<; ^px "Acrto?*
tTTTrof? pepcop,

&X\' P 'A^vBtp pep u/09 Tov Wpiapov Bierpi^ep, rrarpwa^ BijXopoti'

aW'
09 oi

viop Tlpidpoio PoOop jSdXe ^ifpoKooipra, A^vBodcp ^Xde irap Tttttcoi' wKetdayp'
vto^
'Ifcerdopo^

C 586

cV

Be

HepKcoTtj

i^ovpop^i,

ovk

dXXorpla^
18

ouB' outo? ^01)9'

GEOGRAPHY,
And indeed
the

13. i. 7

those who are placed under Hector in "The Trojans Catalogue are called Trojans: were led by great Hector of the flashing helmet."^ " The DarAnd then come those under Aeneias danians in turn were commanded by the valiant son of Anchises";^ and these, too, were Trojans; at *' any rate, the poet says, Aeneias, counsellor of the
:

3 And then come the Lycians under " And Pandarus, and these also he calls Trojans those who dwelt in Zeleia beneath the nethermost foot of Ida, Aphneii,* who drink the dark water of the Aesepus, Trojans these in turn were commanded ^ And by Pandarus, the glorious son of Lycaon." this was the sixth dynasty. And indeed those who lived between the Aesepus River and Abydus were Trojans for not only were the parts round Abydus ^' subject to Asius, and they who dwelt about Percote and Practius and held Sestus and Abydus and ' these in turn were commanded by goodly Arisbe Asius the son of Hyrtacus,'' but a son of Priam

Trojans."

lived at
for

Abydus, pasturing mares, clearly his father's " But he smote Democoon, the bastard son of Priam,
:

mares"

Priam had come from Abydus from his swift ;^ while in Percote a son of Hicetaon was pasturing kine, he likewise pasturing kine that
1

Iliad 2. 816. Iliad 20. 83.

Iliad

2.

819.

as an adjective, meaning "wealthy" men, but Strabo seems to concur in the belief that the people in question were named "Aphneii" after

Aphneii

is

now taken merely

(see 13.
1.

Lake "Aphnitis"

9).

Iliad 2. 824.
city or river (see 1-3. 1. 21). On Arisbe, see Leaf, T,uy, 193 ff. > Iliad 2. 835. lUud 4. 499.

'
'

Whether

19

STRABO
McXiii/nnrov' 6
TrpcoTov B* 'iKeTaoviSrjv ivevnrev^ 6' 6(f>pa fiev t\t7ro5a9

t<t>0tfjLOif

I56(TK
a)(TT

P TlepKMTrj'
eirj

Kol avTrj av

Tpoxi? kuI
avTrj<i

t)

<f>(rj<;

cox?

'ASpaareia^i' rip^ov
vie

yap

Svo M/)07ro9 UepKoxrlov.

Tpwe?
ol

7rdvT<; fiev Br)

dno 'A^vBov
ol

/J-cxpt

*ABpa/cat
t)

areia^, Biya fievToi

ra)v KiXiKCDV BirTtj,
(TL<i'

Birjpr}p,ifoi,

fxev

vno t^

'Aaiw, ol B VTTO Tot9 Me/oo7rt5aV Kadc'nrep

77

p,fp Srj/3a'iK7],
77

77

Be Avpvrjtr-

ev auTTJ^
over a

B'

&u Xexdeu)
AvpyrjcraiBi.
U.piap,o<i,

e<f>^rj^

rfj

on

vvo KvpuirvX^
Be

tovtcov

aTravTcov

^pX^^

ol

tov

'A;)^fW&)9

XoyoL

irpo<i

tov Ylpiafiov aa^o)^

/xev

p,(f>avi^ov(Ti'

Kai ae, yepov, to rrpiv

elvai,
0(T(Tov

uKOvoftev
TroXt?

oX^iov
evTo<;

Ae(T/9o9

avM

Ma'Afa/309

eepyet,

Kol

<X>pvyii]

KuOvirepOe,

Kal

'VAXyjanovTO^

dtreipwi' .^
'

ii'tviwty,

'

For

iv

aiT{j,

'

Kramer, for (yftirfy x, ivi*m*v other MiSS. Madvig conj. ivirr).

After iiwdfxDv Mullcr-Diil)ner add another line (54R) from

Homer. Twf <t*, yipnv, irA'.ury t foi vlicri ^o<r KtKi.<r6ai, afl necessary to the sense; so I^eaf {Straho on the Troad, pp. 6
and
'

57).
i.e.

the kine belonged to Priam.

of

kinsman

Hector

[lliuil

1.').

'A')),

I'riim, {Iliad 15. 651).

who honoured

liim equally

This son of Hicetaon, "lwclt in the house of with his own children"

30

GEOGRAPHY,
to

13. i. 7

first he rebuked belonged mighty Melanippus the son of Hicetaon, who until this time had been wont to feed the kine of
:

no other

*^

And

^ so that this country shambling gait in Percote would be a part of the Troad, as also the next country after it as far as Adrasteia, for the leaders of the latter were "the two sons of Merops of Percote."^ Accordingly, the people from Abydus to Adrasteia were all Trojans, although they were divided into two groups, one under Asius and the other under the sons of Merops, just as Cilicia* also was divided into two parts, the Theban Cilicia and the Lyrnessian ;^ but one might include in the Lyr;

"

nessian Cilicia the territory subject to Eurypylus, which lay next to the Lyrnessian Cilicia. But that Priam was ruler of these countries, one and all, is "And clearly indicated by Achilles' words to Priam of thee, old sire, we hear that formerly thou wast how of all that is enclosed by Lesbos, out at blest sea, city of Macar, and by Phrygia in the upland,
: ;

and by the boundless Hellespont."

6

'

Iliad 15. 546.

1.

Iliad
70).

2.

831.

The Trojan
See
13.

Cilicia (see 13.

1. 60-61. (1) that of Mynes, (2) that of that of Altes, (4) that of Hector, (5) that of Aeneias, Eetion, (3) (6) that of Pandarus, (7) that of Asius, and (8) that of the two sons of Merops. If, however, there were nine dynasties (see 13. 1. 2), we may assume that the ninth was that of Eury13. 1. 70), unless, as Choiseul-Gouffier (Voyage pylus (see Fittoresquc de la Orece, vol. ii, cited by Gossellin) think, it was that of the island of Lesbos. ' Jliad 24. 543. The quotation is incomplete without the following words of Homer: "o'er all these, old sire, *

The eight dynasties were

thou wast pre-eminent, they say, because of thy wealth and thy sons."

STRABO
8.

Tore

fiev

ovv rotavra

v7rT}p-)(v,

va-repov Be

rjKoXovOrjaav
Trepl

^ra^oXal

iravToiai.
eeo?

rh

fiv

yap
to,

Kv^iKOv 0/3U769 iiraKriaav

WpaKxlov,

Be irepl

"A^vBov (^paKc^'

ert Be rrporepov tovtcov

dfM(f>oiv Be^pvKe^; koX ^pvoire^'^ to, B' ef j)? T/o/W?, Kal ovTOi Spaf(<;' to ^e Sij^i]^ ireBiov AvBol, oi Tore M70i/9, KoX Mucrwi/ ol irepiyevofievoL rtav VTTO Trj\(f)ai irporepov kuX TevOpavri. ovto) Bt) Tov TroLTjTOu Tjji^ AloXiBa KoX TT)v Tpoluu els eu (TVVTidevros, koI rwv AloXerov rrjv airo rov "Kpfiov iraaav fiexpt t^? kutcL Kv^ikop irapaXlafi Karacryovrcov koI 7r6\t<; Kria-avTwv, ovB^ &v

aroTTft)? TrepioBeuaai/xev, ei? ravTO avmir)/jLi<i Oivref;^ rrjv re AloXiBa vvv lBiuy<: Xeyo/jLevrjv rrjp aTTO Tov "Epfiov p-expi' Acktov Kal rrjv (f>e^f]<;

TOV AlafJTTuv' ev yap tol^; kuO* CKaara BiaKpivovfiev irdXiv, TrapaTidevTe*; d/ia to is vvv ova-i ra viro tov ttoitjtov Kal tmv dXXwv Xeyofieva.
/jLe')(^pL

9. "Eo-Ttv ovv fxeTO, Trjv twv Kv^i.Kriva)v ttoXiv Kal TOV AiaijTTOV dpXV '^V'* TprodBos Ka$'"Ofiijpov. Xeyei B' CKelvos fiev ovTro irepl auT/}?*
OL Be

ZeXetav evaiov v-nal iroBa veiarov

"iBtj^

*A^veiol, TTLVovTcs vBoyp fxeXav Aiaijiroio, Tpcoes' TOiV avd^ VPX^ Avkciovos dyXaos vtos,

UdvBapos.

C 587 TovTovs

Be CKuXei Kal Avklovs' *A<f)veiou<; Be diro

*

For ApvoTtf

Ijcaf conj. ^oKiovts.

* I/<'if {Sfrnho on tkr Troad, n. 61) makes a strong case for " Doliones," but leaves tiie (ireek enirnding 'DryojM'H" to

text (p. 7) unchangeil.

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

8-9

8. Now such were the conditions at the time of the Trojan War, but all kinds of changes followed for the parts round Cyzicus as far as the later Practius were colonised by Phrygians, and those round Abydus by Thracians and still before these two by Bebryces and Dryopes.^ And the country that lies next was colonised by the Treres, themselves and the Plain of Thebe by Lydians, also Thracians then called Maeonians, and by the survivors of the
;

Mysians who had formerly been subject to Telephus So then, since the poet combines and Teuthras. Aeolis and Troy, and since the Aeolians held j)ossession of all the country from the Hermus Uiver^ to the seaboard at Cyzicus, and founded their cities there, I too might not be guilty of describing them wrongly if I combined Aeolis, now properly so called, extending from the Hermus River to Lectum, and the country next after it, extending to the Aesepus River for in my detailed
;

treatment of the two, 1 shall distinguish them again, setting forth, along with the facts as they now are, the statements of Homer and others. 9. According to Homer, then, the Troad begins after the city of the Cyziceni and the Aesepus River. And he so speaks of it: ^^ And those who dwelt in Zeleia beneath the nethermost foot of Ida, Aphneii,* who drink the dark water of the Aesepus, Trojans; these in turn were commanded by Pandarus the These he also calls glorious son of Lycaon."* And they are thought to have been Lycians.^
* See 13. 1. 1, and p. 40 of Leaf's note there. * See foot-note on Aphneii in 13.

first article

cited in foot-

1.

7
13. 1. 7.

Iliad

2.

824.

See

as

STRABO
'A(^ftTt5o9 VO/JLL^OVai KaXelrai, rj Aa(T/cv\LTi<i.
10.

T%

\l/XPT)<i'

Kul ycLp OVTO)

irapcopela
tjj

'H

/jiv

8rj

ZeXeia

eV

ttj

"18^? ear LP, uTrexovaa Kv^Ikov fiev (TTaSlov; evevt]K0VTa fcal etcarov, t?}<? 8' iyyvTaTco da\dTrrj<;, kuO* fjv eKBiSooaii' AL<TT)7ro<i, oaov

vaTarr)

t%

oyhorjKovia.

inifiepi^ei, Be ai/j/e^^w? to,

Karh

tt]p

irapaXiav
^

rrju fjLera

top Xla-qtrov

01 5' ABprjareidv r cl)(Ov koI Sf]p.ov 'ATratcroO, Kol UiTvav el^ov ^ koI TrjpLr}<{ opot alicv, Ttav VPX ^^Bprjarot re xal "A/zc/)*? Xivodcoptj^, vie Bvo) Me/joTTo? MepKcoalov.

7 aura Be to, ^oj/ata rfj ZeXela p.ev vTroireTrTeoKe, exovai Be Kv^lkijvol t kuI Upiafr^jifol p-e^pi, Koi

T%

'Vdp<Ti6<i

irepX p,ev ovv ri-jv TteKeiav 6 iart irorap.o'^, CLKoatv e;\;a)i/ Biaffdaei^i TTJ avrf) 6B^, Kaddirep 6 'liiTrrdiropo^, ov <f>i]atif 6 ^ 6 B* K ^ifCOfiijBela^t et? NUatav rerTTonjTi'}^' Kol eiKoai, ttoXXoi)? Be fcal 6 ex <l>oXo/9 6t<? japa<i . TJ}P 'HXeta*/ ^Kapdwv irevTe kuX eiKoat,

irapaXla^i.

'

TliTvtiay ixoy is the

15

reading of the Homeric M8S., but see

nirva in
*

below.
.
.

iK

Tavpov,

Meincke

ejects.

the site of Zeleia, see Leaf, Strabo on the Trocul, p. 66. r/iad 2. 828. The places in question appear to have belonged to Leaf (op. cit., p. 65) translates "are commanded by Zeleia. Zeleia" ; but the present translator is sure that, up to the
*

On

present passage, Strabo has always used

uiroir/irTo> in a purely gcographicnl sense {e.g., cf. 9. 1. 15, and especially 12. 4. 6, where Strabo makes substantially the same statement

24

GEOGRAPHY,
called

13. i.

9-10
for

"Aphneii"
is

after

Lake '^Aphnitis/*

Lake

by that name. 10. Now Zeleia^ is situated on the farthermost foot-hill of Mt. Ida, being one hundred and ninety stadia distant from Cyzicus and about eighty stadia from the nearest part of the sea, where the Aesepus And the poet mentions severally, in conempties.
Dascylitis
also called

tinuous order, the places that lie along the coast *' after the Aesepus River And they who held Adrasteia and the land of Apaesus, and held Pityeia and the steep mountain of Tereia these were led by Adrastus and Amphius of the linen corslet, the two sons of crops of Percote."^ These places lie below Zeleia,^ but they are occupied by Cyziceni and Now near Zeleia Priapeni even as far as the coast. is the Tarsius River,^ which is crossed twenty times by the same road, like the Heptaporus River,^ which is mentioned by the poet.^ And the river that flows from Nicomedeia into Nicaea is crossed twenty-four times, and the river that flows from Pholoe into the Eleian country ^ is crossed many times Scarthon twenty-five times, and the river that flows from the
:

concerning Zeleia as in the present passage). note {op. cit.), p. 67.

*
^

But see Leaf's

On

this river see Leaf,

work

last cited, p. 67.

Strabo does not mean that the Heptaporus was crossed The name itself means the river of " seven twenty times. fords" (or ferries).

The text is corrupt and " Scarthon," whether it applies to a river or a people, is otherwise unknown. However, this whole passage, "And the river that flows from Nicomedeia crossed seventy -five times," appears to be a gloss, and . is ejected from the text by Kramer and Meineke (see Leaf's Strabo and the Troad, p. 65, note 4).
*
;
. .

Iliad 12. 20. i.e. Elis, in the Peloponnesus.

VOL. VI.

"^

STRABO
TToWou?
Be Koi 6 K KoaKtriwif t?
*

AXd^avSa,

irevTe Be kol e^hojirjKovTa 6 k Tvavcov et9 XoXovf;

8ia Tov Tavpov. 11. 'Tnep Be tt}? K^oXrj<; tov Xlarjirov axeBov Ti . , .^ (naBioL<i Ko\wu6<; eariv, e<l> o5 rd4>o^ BeiKwrai Me/Ltroi^o? rov TiOcovov' TrXrjaiop 5' earl tov Be xila/jirov Koi tov Koi if M/xvovo<; Kco/ir].
ripidirov /jLcra^v 6

TpdpiKo^
e0'

pel,

to,

^ABpaaTela<;

ireBioVt

^AXe^avBpo^

iroXXd Bt* Tovf

Aai eiov crarpdTra'i dvd KpdTO<; eviKt]ae avfxiBaXdiv,

Ka\ traaav tt]v ivio^ tov Tavpov Kal tov Ev<f>pdTov TTapeXa^ev. eirl Be VpavUw ttoXl^; ^v Si3t;i/;, X^pf^v exovcra 7ro\Xr}v ofxdivvfxov, KareariraaTai Be vvv. ev Be tjj fieOopla r^? Kv^iKrjvi)^ KaX t^9 pLaTr7}vri<i eVxi tcl 'Apirdyia^ totto?, e^ ov rov

VapvfiyBijv fxvOevovaiv ijp-rrdxOar dXXoi Be irepl

AapBdviop aKpav,
12.
\l/jL7Jv'

irXt-jcriov

AapBdvov.

ri/ataTTO?

8'

eoTi iroXi^ enl OaXdrTTj xal

KTia/jLa B' OL fiev ^XiXtfaidyv (haaiv, olrrep

Kal "AlSvBou Kul WpoKQVvrjaov avv^Kiaav kuto, TOV avTOv Kaupov, ol Be Kv^lKt^VCOV TTWI>Vp.O<i 8' otI tov UpiaTrou TifKo/jiivov Trap avToh, e^

eW

\)pvo)p tQ)V irepl K6pti>6op (xerein)ve'yfxevov rov I'epnv, eiT T(p XeyeaOac Aiovvaov Kal vv^i<f)f)<: tov Oeov 6pfX7]crdpT(i)v eirl to tl/jlciv avTOv Ttiiv diOpd>rrcop, eTreiBrj
'

acpoBpa vdfnreX6<; eaTip

is

rj

^oopa xal
i

After

Ti

there

a lacuna in the MSS. except Ft,

;

read

'Apwdytia F, 'Apira*'Apit(iyia, the spelling in Stcphanns Xo (unaccented) D, 'A/>irax^a other MSS.

i

The number

of stadia has fallen out of the

MSS.

36

GEOGRAPHY,
many
11.

13.

i.

10-12

country of the Coscinii into Alabanda is crossed times, and the river that flows from Tyana into Soli through the Taurus is crossed seventy-five

times.

About

.^

stadia above
hill,

the outlet of the

where is shown the tomb of Memnon, son of Tithonus and near by is the village of Memnon. The Granicus River flows between the Aesepus River and Priapus, mostly through the plain of Adrasteia,^ where Alexander utterly defeated the satraps of Dareius in battle, and gained the whole of the country inside the Taurus and the Euphrates River. And on the Granicus was situated the city Sidene, with a large territory of the same
Aesepus River
is

name
is

but

it

is

now

in

ruins.

On

the boundary

between the

territory of Cyzicus and that of Priapus a place called Harpagia,* from which, according

to some writers of myths, Ganymede was snatched, though others say that he was snatched in the neighbourhood of the Dardanian Promontory, near

Dardanus.
12.

Some

Priapus* say that

is it

a city on the sea, and also a harbour.

was founded by Milesians, who

at

the same time also colonised Abydus and Proconnesus, whereas others say that it was founded by Cyziceni.

was named after Priapus, who was worshipped then his worship was transferred thither from Orneae near Corinth, or else the inhabitants felt an impulse to worship the god because he was called the son of Dionysus and a nymph for their country
It

there

is

abundantly supplied with the vine, both theirs

*

'

See Leaf, work last cited, p 70. The root harpag means "snatch away."

On

the site of Priapus, see Leaf, p. 73.

27

STRABO
avrt) Kal rj^ (l>^rj<; ofiopo<; tj t tcjp Kot r) tS}v AafjLyjraKrjvojp' 6 yovv Sep^rjt;

Uapiav&v r^ Sefxitr-

aireheix^'n vetorkpwv' ovhk ycip 588 'HcrtoSo? olSe UpiaTrov, aW* eoiKe TOt<; 'Arrf/cot? ^OpddvTj Kol K,ovt<ja\<p Kol TvX(iii^(' fcal Tot9
he
6eo<;

tokXcl

669 olvov eScoKe ttjv Ad/j,yfraKou.

outo?

vtto

riav

T010VT01<;.
^

13. 'E/taXetTo S* i^ Xcooa avrrj *ABpd<TTia xal Ahpaareia^; irehiov, Kara c0o<; rt, ourto XeyovTcop TO avTO x^P^o^ Blttox;, o)? kol Sij^rju Koi S^/3tj<; irehiov, Kal MvyBovlav Kal MvyBovCa^ ireBiov.
(f>T)al

Be

Ka\\taOvr]<;
Ne/xeo-eft)9

dwo 'ABpdcTTOV

jSaaiXioxi,

lepov IBpvaaro, KaXeladat 'ABpaaretav. tf fiev ovv 7roXt9 fiera^v Ylptdrrov Kal llaplov, exovaa uiroKei/xevov TreBiov iircovvfiov, ^ ^ iv cS Kal fiavrelov rjv AiroWwvo^ AKraiov Kal
09
7r/9ft)T09
*

Apri/jLiBo^; KarcLTrjV

'
.

et9 Be

Udpiov

fierrj-

* Karavex^V Traaa rj KUTaaKevrj kol XiOia (TTraadepro^ rov lepov, Kal mkoBo^iJOtj iv tw Flapty

y8a)/i09,

'Ep^OKpoiTO<; epyov, 7roW^9 fip^/xr)<i d^iov Kara to* /xeyeOo^; Kal ^a\\o9* to Be fxavrelov ivravOa ^ij\eL<pd7},^ Kaddirep Kal to iv ZeXeia. * fxev o^p ovBev lepov ABpaarela^i BeUvvrai, ovBk Brj
*

r],

Meineke

inserts.

iiai,

V)efore KaAXtfffltcTjj, Corais

and Meineke omit.

Hara
;

corrupt
a.v.

rijv TlvKdrvv (omitted by Cx), after *AfntfjuSos, id Karii r^v rvKanv Dhi ; /corck ^iraKrlay, conj. Voss

tV

on Scylax,
'Arr^
;

p.

85

Kark r^v
r^y

kKT-hv, conj.
;

(Kramer approving)
Karh.
T\aKTvr\v,

Karh
conj.

Berkel on Stephanas, r}iv wufidmr incrvv,

Groskurd
*

Meineke;

iroTck

r)ip

llirvaTiv, conj. Corais.

A,<fl/o,
'

Meineke emends to

\i9tla.
;

Instead of r6 moxz read t

so Corais

and Meineke.

28

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

12-13

and the countries which border next upon it, I mean those of the Pariani and the Lampsaceni. At any rate, Xerxes gave Lampsacus to Themistocles to supply him with wine. But it was by people of later times that Priapus was declared a god, for even Hesiod does not know of him and he resembles the Attic deities Orthane, Conisalus, Tychon, and others like them. " Adrasteia " ^ and 13. This country was called " Plain of Adrasteia," in accordance with a custom whereby"people gave two names to the same place, as " " Thebe and " Plain of Thebe," and " Mygdonia " Plain of aad Mygdonia." According to Callisthenes, among others, Adrasteia was named after King Adrastus, who was the first to found a temple of Nemesis. Now the city is situated between Priapus and Parium and it has below it a plain that is named after it, in which there was an oracle of But when the .2 Apollo Actaeus and Artemis. temple was torn down, the whole of its furnishings and stone-work were transported to Parium, where was built an altar,^ the work of Hermocreon, very remarkable for its size and beauty but the oracle was abolished like that at Zeleia. Here, however, there is no temple of Adrasteia, nor yet of Nemesis,
; ;
. .

^ *

On

the site of Adrasteia, see Leaf, p. 77.

Three words in the Greek text here are corrupt. Strabo " may have said that this temple was on the shore," or "in the direction of Pityeia" (the same as Pitya see 15 follow" in the direction of Pactye" (see critical note). ing), or ' This altar was a stadium (about 600 feet) in length
;

(10. 5. 7).
"

i^riXet^Of} is

emended by Miiller-Diibner and Meineke to

29

STRABO
Nfj,(TQ)<:, irepl

8e

Kv^ikov iaTiv* ASpaareia^ Up6v.

rj

eari Be rt? Neyueo-f? fieydXr) Oeo^,

7rpo<i

rdBe iravra
ol
eltaaTO

p^aKiipcop

eXa^x^ev

^(Ofxov

Be

"ABpyja-To^t TTOTafiolo

napa poop

Xlarj-noio,

pda

TTLp.r)Tal re koX

ABpijareia KaXelrai.
HpidTTov, Kal rjv^ijpiprj

14. "Eo-T* Be Kal to Ildptov TroXt? eirl OaXdrrrt,

Xip.Pa

e^ovaa

p^L^o)

Tr}<i

ye eK Tavrrjf;' depairevopre^i ydp ol T0U9 'ArTdXiKov<;, v<p' oh ereratcro

irrjpi],

Uapiapol
t)

Ylpta-

ttoXXtjp

avTrj<;

direjep^ovTO, irrnpeTToPTOtp

eKelpcop.

iprauOa

avyyheidp ripa e^^tP

p^vOevovat tou? *0(f)ioyi>L<i tt^oo? tou? o^et?* <f>a(Ti B

avrSiP rov^ dppeva^t roct ixi'oBj]KTOL<; uko^; elvai

i^airropevov^i, wcnep rov<; i-n-wBovi, avvex(>y's irpuiTOP pep TO TTeXlropu eL<i eavTov<; p,Ta(f)6popTa<;, elTa Kal rrjp (f>Xeyp,0P7jp 7ravoi>ra<i Kal top ttopop. p,vdevovaL Be top dpxvy^TV^ '^ov yepov^ ijptod Tipa

i^
7fp

6<f>(i)<;

pera^aXeLP' Tdxa Be tcop "^vXXwp

ti<i
rj

TCOP

At^vKWP,

6t9

Be

TO

yP0<i BieTcivep
8'

Bvvapi<i P'^xpi' TTOcrov.

eaTl to Wdpiop MtX;<Ttfoi; KaVEipvOpaioyp Kal Uapicop. 16. lliTva ^ B^ cctIp P VliTvovPTi ttJv napiap}}<{,
KTi(Tp,a
*

MSS.
'

Instead of niVwo, the Epitome, following the Homeric (see 10 above), reads niritia.
not

uncommon

Note the variant

*
">

appellation of the gods. spelling of the name.

"Serpent-born.'" * See 17. 1. 44. See Leaf, work last cit^d, p. 85. See Fraser, ToUmisin and Exogamy, 1. 20, 2. 54 and 4. 178. According to the Scholiast on ApoUonius Rhodius (1.

GEOGRAPHY,
to be seen, although there

13. i.

13-15

is a temple of Adrasteia near Cyzicus. Antimachus says as follows "There is a great goddess Nemesis, who has obtained as her portion all these things from the Blessed.^ Adrestus^ was the first to build an altar to her beside the stream of the Aesepus River, where she is worshipped under the name of Adresteia." 14. The city Parium is situated on the sea it has a larger harbour than Priapus, and its territory has been increased at the expense of Priapus for the Parians curried favour with the Attalic kings, to whom the territory of Priapus was subject, and by their permission cut off for themselves a large part of that Here is told the mythical story that the territory. * and Ophiogeneis are akin to the serpent tribe say that the males of the Ophiogeneis cure they snake-bitten people by continuous stroking, after the manner of enchanters, first transferring the livid colour to their own bodies and then stopping both the inflammation and the pain. According to the myth, the original founder of the tribe, a certain hero, changed from a serpent into a man. Perhaps he was one of the Libyan Psylli,^ whose power per: ; ;
'^
;

Parium was founded by Milesians and Erythraeans and Parians. 15. Pitya ' is in Pityus in the territory of Parium,
sisted in his tribe for a certain time.^
933), cited

by Leaf {Troy,

p. 187),

"

called Pityeia, or, as others spell it, Pitya. Some say that Phrixus stored his treasure there and that the city was named after the treasure, for the Thracian word for treasure
is 'pitye'" (but cf. the Greek word "pitys," "pine tree"). Strabo, however, places Pitya to the east of Parium, whereas Lampsacus lies to the west (see Leaf, I.e., pp. 185 ff. and his Strabo on the Troad, p. 87). In 18 (following) Strabo says that " Lampsacus was formerly called Pityussa."
;

Lampsacus was formerly

31

STRABO
vtrepKeiixevov e^ovaa nLTvoihe^t opo^' fiera^v S^ KclraL Wapiov kol Upid-rrou Kara Aivoif, ')((i3piov iirl OaXdrTT], oirov oi Atvovaiot, KO'xXiai apiaroi
TCdV

TrdvTWV dXldKOVTai,
'Ej-*

16.

5e

Tft)

TrapdrrXfa

t^

diro

Ilapiov et?

UpiaTTOu y T iraXacd UpoKovi/yjaof: iari Kal -q vvv UpoKovvrjcTOfi, ttoXlv e^ovaa kol p,TaX\ov C 589 /jiiya \evKov XiOov a4>68pa 7raivov/xi>ov' to, yovv KdXXicrra twv ravrrj iroXewv epya, iv hk rot? ^ ra iv KvClkm, Tavrrjf; earl r^<j Xidov. Trpcora
fxaaTrelcjv dXXo<i.
1 7.

iprevOev eariv 'Apfarea?,^ 6 noirjTTj^i rS}v 'Apt' KaXov/xev q)i> iirayu, dvi)p y6r}<i, et rt?

To

Be Tr}pl7](; iv
ol?

Spot oi
oi

fikv

oprj

(^acriv,

a e^ovaiv

K.v}^iKrivo\

ra iv Ueipcoa-aA rjj ZeXela

^aaiXiKrj Orjpa Karea-Kevaaro KOL Uepcraif: varepov' oi 3' diro rerrapdKovTa araBicov AafjLyjrdKov Seitcvvovat X6(f)ov, e<^' (u Mt/t/jo? OeMv iepov iariv dyiov,
irpoa-exPj,

Tot?

AvBoltf

'VTjpeurjfi

iTTiKaXovpevov. rj Aap/>^aKO<^ 5' iir\ OaXdrrr) noXtf iariv evXlf^vof fcal d^ioXoyo'^, avfifievovaa kuXox:, foairep kol i) "AySvSov" BLe)(L 3* avTri<t o(tov
18.

Kal

'

'
'

irpwray Corai.s, for rpuToy ; so the later editors. 'Apiartas, Casaul)on, for 'ApiffTa7os ; so the later editors. T7ipftr)i, in margin of E, for ^tirfs C, ttjs /Jc^tji other
TTjpiTji,

MSS.
*

the editors, for t^

translates,

^elris.

"hill shaped like a pine tree," (I.e.) " the resemblance to a pine tree, so far adding (p. 187) that as my personal observation went, means no more than that the hill slopes gently up to a rounded top." However, the Greek adjective probably means in the present passage
*

Leaf

32

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

15-18
;

1 and it lies lying below a pine-covered mountain between Parium and Priapus in the direction of Linum, a place on the seashore, where are caught the Linusian snails, the best in the world. the coasting- voyage from Parium to 16. On Priapus lie both the old Proconnesus and the present Proconnesus, the latter having a city and also a great quarry of white marble that is very highly commended ; at any rate, the most beautiful works of art 2 in the cities of that part of the world, and especially those in Cyzicus, are made of this marble. Aristeas was a Proconnesian the author of the Arimaspian Epic, as it is called a charlatan if ever there was one.^ 17. As for "the mountain of Tereia," * some say that it is the range of mountains in Peirossus which are occupied by the Cyziceni and are adjacent to Zeleia, where a royal hunting-ground was arranged by the Lydians, and later by the Persians;^ but others point out a hill forty stadia from Lampsacus, on which there is a temple sacred to the mother of the gods, entitled "Tereia's" temple.

18. Lampsacus,^ also, is a city on the sea, a notable city with a good harbour, and still flourishing, like Abydus. It is about one hundred and seventy " "pine covered (cf. the use of the same adjective in 8. 6. 22, where it applies to a sacred precinct on the Isthmus of
Corinth). * i.e. buildings, statues, and other marble structures (see " works of 5. 2. 5 and 5. 3. 8, and the foot-notes on art").

See

1. 2.

10,

and Herodotus,

4. 13.

The mountain mentioned in Iliad 2. 829. 5 Xenophon {Hellenicx 4. 1. 15) speaks of royal huntinggrounds, "some in enclosed parks, others in open regions.'*
'

Now

Lapsaki.

On

the

site,

see Leaf, p. 92.

33

B 2

STRABO
e/SBofi-^KOPTa

Trporepov
(f)aaLv'

KOL cKaTov (TTahiov<i' iKoXelro 8k TlLTUovaaa, KaOdvep xaX rrjv Xlou

Be

rfj irepaia^ Trjq ^eppovrjcrov ttoKaWiiroXi^i' Keirai S' eV aKTrj^:, eKKei/xevrj^ ttoXv tt/jo? t^i* 'Acrlav Karct, rrjv Aap,\lraKr)va>v ttoXiv, uxttc to Biap/ia /xtj TrXiov

iv

XiyvLov

(TTi,

elvai

TCTTapaKovra araStcov.

19. 'Ev Be T(p p,eTa^v AafMyjrdKOu koI Uaplov ^ B* Ilafo-o? ^p 7ro\9 Kul TTOTa/io?- KareairaajaL oi Be UaKTTjpol /jLerMXTjaav 619 Adfiyjrai) TToXt?'

Kov, MLXrjcTLQyv ouret; aTroiKOi /cat avroi, Katiairep Kal 01 AafjLyfraKTjvoi' 6 Be iroirjTr}^ eXprjKev ap^oT/3a>9,

Kal TTpoaOeU

rr}P TrpcoTtju

avXXa^rjv,

Kal

Brjp.ov

Airaiaov,

Kal

d(f>X(op,

09

ivl

Uaia^

vat TToXvKTTJp.ayp.

1(tI

Kal 6 TTOTapb^ vvv ovrco KaXelrai. MlXtjo-Imv S' Kal at KoXw^at at vrrep Aap^uKOV ev tJ
Aapy^aKt^vrj<i'

peaoyala t^?
T7J KT6<i

aXXac

B'

elalv eVi

'^XXrjaiTovTLa OaXdrrrj/lXlov Bie^ovaai araBiov^ rerrapdKovTa 7rp6<i rot? exarop' e^ wp TOP KvKPOP (paalp. Wva^LpepT}^ Be Kal ep if} 'EpvOpala (fiTjcrl XeyeaOai KoXcop^^t Kal ip rfj ^(okIBi Kal P SeTraXla' ip Be rff Tlapiapfj iarlv
^IXiOKoXwPTj. P Be rfj Aap,yfraKr)p^ totto? evdfA' TTfXo? Vepyidtop' r)P Be Kal 7roX.t9 VepyiOa, ix rSiP ip rfj Kvpuia VepylOcop' ^1/ yiLp KotKei ttoX*?
^

rtpala,

'

Xylander, for

ar*p4(f

SO the later editors.

moz read

iKKftuirns. Kariairaffrai Foz, Kariairaiaro CTihinoz,

34

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

18-19
it

stadia distant from Abydus ; and called Pityussa, as also, it is said,

was formerly was Chios. On

the opposite shore of the Chersonesus is Callipolis, a It is on the headland and runs far out small town. towards Asia in the direction of the city of the Lampsaceni, so that the passage across to Asia from
it is

no more than forty

In

stadia.

the interval between Lampsacus and Parium lay a city and river called Paesus but the The Paeseni changed their abode city is in ruins. to Lampsacus, they too being colonists from the But the poet refers Milesians, like the Lampsaceni. to the place in two ways, at one time adding the ^ and at first syllable, "and the land of Apaesus," another omitting it, "a man of many possessions, who dwelt in Paesus."^ And the river is now Colonae,^ which lies spelled in the latter way. above Lampsacus in the interior of Lampsacene, is and there is another also a colony of the Milesians Colonae on the outer Hellespontine sea, which is one hundred and forty stadia distant from Ilium and is said to be the birthplace of Cycnus.* Anaximenes says that there are also places in the Erythraean territory and in Phocis and in Thessaly that are And there is an Iliocolone in the called Colonae. In the territory of Lampsacus territory of Parium. ^ which is rich in vines is a place called Gergithium and there was also a city called Gergitha from Gergithes in the territory of Cyme, for here too
19.
; ;

'

Iliad 2. 828. Iliad 5. 612. On the site of Colonae, see Leaf [Strabo and the Troad),

p. 101.
*

King

of Colonae, slain

by Achilles
p. 102.

On

in the Trojan

War.
35

Gergithium, see Leaf,

STRABO
TrXrjOwTiK&f; Kol 9rfKvKw<^ Xeyoficirq at TepyiOe^, oOevirep 6 TepyCOiof; r)v K(f>dXcov' koI vvv Tt Belfcvvrav T07ro9 ev rfj Kvp^la Tepyldtov Trpo? ix Uapuov fjikv ovv 6 yX(Da<Toypd<f>ofi AapCcrar].
KKrjOeX'i rjv

^eoinoXefiO'i
6
prjrcap

fj,vi]/j.7)<;

d^io^,

i/c

Kov Be ^dp(ov TC
Ava^ifiev7)<!

<Tvyypa(fiif<i

KaV ASL/xavTO<i

Aap.'^dxal

^EiTTiKovpov

kralpo^y

xal MrjTpoBaypo^;, 6 rov koX avTO<i B* ^KirlKovpot

TpoTTOV Tivd Aa/xyjraKrjvbfi U7r^/)fe, BiaTpCyfra<i iv AafiyfraKq) xal ^t\ot? ^pijadfxepo^ rot? dpiaroL^i 590 T(i)v iv rfi iroXei ravTr), tol<; irepX 'IBofievea koX Aeovrea. ivTevOev Bk jJLeTrjveyKev ^Aypiinrafi tov
ireirrtoKOTa Xeovra, Avai'rrirov epyov' dvidrjKC Be iv T(fi dXaei tw fiera^v rf}<; Xl/jLvrjif kuI tov evplirov.
20.

Mera

Be AdfMyfraKov iariv "A/SuSo? xal

rd

fiera^if '^ayp^^* '^^pl a)v oinco<; ipr)K (rvXXa^cov 6 TTOirjTT)'; Kal rrjv Aa/JLyfraKTjvrjv Kal t^?

Uaptavrj^

Tivd {ovirm

yap

fjcav avrat at iroXei'i

xard rh

TpwiKd)
OL 5'

'

dpa UepKcoTTjv koI UpaxTiov

Xrjarov Kal ^Apia^rjv'

dfi<f>vefiovTO,

Kal

""A^vBov

exov

Kal

Blav

roiv avO' 'TpTaKLBr)<i r^p^* ''A<t<09,

il>r)ariv,

hv ^Apia-jdrjOcv

(f>pov

tmroi

al0Q)V<! fieydXoi, Trorafiov diro SeW^jex'TO?.

Alexandrian period author of works entitled Epiarams. author of Persian History and Annals of the Lampsacmi. Known only as courtier of Demetrius Poliorcetes. * See Frazer's note on Pausanias, 6. 18. 2.
Fl. in the
;

Olosses

and

(fn

Early historian

36

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

19-20

there was a city called Gergithes, in the feminine plural, the birthplace of Cephalon the Gergithian. And still to-day a place called Gergithium is pointed Now out in the territory of Cyme near Larissa. Neoptolemus,^ called the Glossographer, a notable * man, was from Parium and Charon the historian and Adeimantus ^ and Anaximenes the rhetorician * and Metrodorus the comrade of Epicurus were from Lampsacus ; and Epicuf us himself was in a sense a
;

Lampsacenian, having lived in Lampsacus and having been on intimate terms with the ablest men of that city, Idomeneus and Leonteus and their followers. It was from here that Agrippa transported the Fallen Lion, a work of Lysippus and he dedicated it in the sacred precinct between the Lake and the Euripus.^ 20. After Lampsacus come Abydus and the intervening places of which the poet, who comprises with them the territory of Lampsacus and part of the territory of Parium (for these two cities were
;

follows

not yet in existence in the Trojan times), speaks as " And those who dwelt about Percote and Practius, and held Sestus and Abydus and goodly Arisbe these in turn were led by Asius, the son of
:

who was brought by his large sorrel Hyrtacus, horses from Arisb6, from the River Selleeis.'' In ^ " The Lake" seems surely to be the Stagnum Agrippae
. .
.

mentioned by Tacitus (Annals 15. 37), i.e. the Nemus Caesarum on the right bank of the Tiber (see A. Habler, "The Stagnum Agrippae was Eervies 19 (1884), p. 235). apparently a pond constructed by Agrippa in connection with the Aqua Virgo and the canal called Euripus in the " (0. G. Ramsay, Annals of neighbourhood of the Pantheon
Tacitus, 15. 37), or, as Leaf (of. cit., p. 108) puts it, "The Euripus is the channel filled with water set up by Caesar round the arena of the Circus Maximus at Rome to protect the spectators from the wild beasts." Iliad 2. 835.

37

STRABO
ovrcD
S*

eiiTODV

oik

Tov

'Acrtou

T^z'
^

to ^aaiXciov airo^aiveiv ^Apia^yv, oBev ^KCiv avrov

hv Apia^-qdev <^epov ittttoi TTorafiov airo '^eWi^cvro^.

ovrco
3'

a<l)avrj

ra
fcal

Xa)/3ta

Tavrd iariv, ukttc

ol laropovvre^f ttXtjp

ovS'

6/xoXoyovaL irepl

avrwv

on

Adp^yfraKOP <tti, koI Hapiov, koI on i) TToXai UepKcoTT} ^ pLerwvofxdadr), 6 totto?. 21. Twv hk iroTafxwv tov fiev ^eXkijevTu <f)T}<Tiv 6 TTOirjTTjf: rrpo^ ttj Apicr^r) pelv, ctirep 6 "Aato? Apia^r^Oev re r^Ke koX iroTafiov dno ^t:\\i]VTO<i

irepl^A^vSop

Be npa/cTto? 7roTrt/Ao<f /xev <ttl, ttoXi? S' ovx eupL(TfCTai, c5? TLV<; eio/jLiaav pel Be koI 0VT0<i
6

fieTu^v

*A^v8nv KOL Aafx-^uKov to ovv

fCai

TlpuKTlOV
o)?

dfl(f>V/JiOVTO,

ovT(i)

BeKTeov,

Trepi

iroTafiov,

KaOdirep xd-

Kelva'

oX T

dpa

irdp iroTafiov Ki](f>i<r6v Blov evaiov,

dfji,(f>l

T IlapOeviov

iroTafiov

KKvTd epy
^<;

ive-

piOVTO.^

^p

Be

Kal v

AeajSw

TroXt?

'Aptc/Sa,

ttjv

exovai MyOvpvaloi' eaTi Be Kai iroTafxh^ "A/otcry^o? ev ^paKrj, wairep eiprjTaif Kal tovtov
')((i)pav
' After TltpKUTi] Ix^af inserts fitT^tt<T$n Koi TltpKairr) (see his Straho on the Tr>Hni, P. H, footnote 3 on p. 108, and

note on Percote, p. 111). Tims, according to him, "the old Percote was transplanted and tlie name of its aite changed
to

Porcop^"

38

GEOGRAPHY,
whence he
:

13. i.

20-21

speaking thus, the poet seems to set forth Arisbe, says Asius came, as the royal residence of Asius " who was brought by his horses from Arisbe, from the River Selleeis." But these places^ are so obscure that even investigators do not agree about them, except that they are in the neighbourhood of Abydus and Lampsacus and Parium, and that the old Percote,^ the site, underwent a change of name.^ 21. Of the rivers, the Selleeis flows near Arisbe, as the poet says, if it be true that Asius came both from Arisbe and from the Selleeis River. The River Practius is indeed in existence, but no city of that name is to be found, as some have wrongly This river also * flows between Abydus thought. and Lampsacus. Accordingly, the words, "and dwelt about Practius," should be interpreted as applying to a river, as should also those other words, "and those who dwelt beside the goodly " ^ Cephisus River," and those who had their famed estates about the Parthenius River." There was also a city Arisba in Lesbos, whose territory is And there is an occupied by the Methymnaeans. Arisbus River in Thrace, as 1 have said before,' near
^

i.e.

Arisbe, Percote,

and the

Selleeis.

Strabo himself

locates the Practius (13. 1. 4, 7, 8, 21) On the sites of these places, see Leaf's Troy pp 188 ff., his note in Jour. Bellevic Studies, (1917), p. 26, and his Strabo on the Troad,

XXXVII

pp. 108
2
*
/
r:.

ff.

Homer's Percote, on the

sea.
5

See

critical note.

^
'

as well as the Selleeis. fHiid 2. 854 (see critical note). Obviously in the lost portion of

xnad

2.

522.

Book VII.

Instead of epy' ivenovro the Homeric MSS. have Sdi/xar* and Strabo himself so cites in 12. 3. 5. Eustathius (note on Iliad 2. 835) cites as in the present passage.
tvaiov,

'

39

STRABO
woXXal S* ofio}' irX'qaiov ol Ke/Sptjvioi ^paK<;. vvfiLac Spa^l KoX TpcoaLu, olov 2<atot ^pdK<;
TLve^ Koi Zkuio^ rroraixo'; koI Xkuiov ret;^? fcal iv Tpola Xfcaial irvXar HdvOioi SpaK<;, Sdv$o^ KOTap.o<^ iv Tpoia' "A/jtcrySo? o fMj3dX\(ov et? rov
^

Apia ^7] iv Tpoia' 'Prjao'; TrorafMOf; iv Tpoia, 'Pr}cro9 Be Kal 6 ^aai\v<i rcov SpaKwv. eari he Kal r^ 'Aerteo 6fji(ovvp,o<i erepo^; irapa t^
K/Spov,
iroLTjTTJ "Ao-to?,

0? firji-pax; yv "VuKTopo^ iTrirohdixoio, avroKaaiyvT}TO<; 'E/va/S/;?, f/o? Be Avp,avTO<;, 09 ^pvyirjv vaieaxe pof)<; inl ^ayyapioio.
22. "A/SfSo? Be
TpyjravTO<i
iir
to,

MiXtjaioyi'

iarl Kriafia,
/^acrtXect)?'
rj

iiri-

Vvyov, toO
^aypi'a

AvBmv
fcal

^v yap
airaaat

ixeivrp

T/owa?

C591

ovo/xd^eraL Be Kal uKpMTr'jptov rt irpo^ AapBdvq) Pvya^' iiriKecTai Be rrp (nopuri rrj<i Ylpo7rovriBo<; Kal Tov 'KXXrjaTTovTov, Bie')(i Be to taov Aapyfrd-

Kov Kal 'iXtou, (rraStot? iTepl e^BofxtJKovra Kal eKarov. ivravOa B" iarl to e-jnaardBiov, oirep
e^ev^e He/jfv?. to Btopt^ov rrjv Evpfowrjv Kal rijv

^Aaiav.

povrfao'i Bia

KaXelrai B' rf dxpa ti)? livpcoTrrfii Xepro a-^rjiia, rj iroiovaa ra areva ra

^evy/xa'

Kara to
*A^vBay.

uvriKeiraL

Be

to

^eOyfia

rfj

* t(ov iv Xeppovtja-o) ^T/o-TO? Be dpicrTrj TToXetov' Bia Bk rrjv yeLJoavvqv vtto rat avr(p

'

For

ipiarr)

Meineke

conj. Kpor/crrij.

>

Iliad 16. 717.

On the

site of

Abydus, see Leaf, Strabo on

the Troad, p.

117.

40

GEOGRAPHY,
are

13.

i.

21-22

which are situated the Thracian Cebrenians.

many names common

;

to the Thracians

There and the

Trojans for example, there are Thracians called Scaeans, and a river Scaeus, and a Scaean Wall, and at Troy the Scaean Gates. And there are Thracian And Xanthians, and in Troy-land a river Xanthus. in Troy-land there is a river Arisbus which empties into the Hebrus, as also a city Arisbe. And there was a river Rhesus in Troy-land ; and there was a Rhesus who was the king of the Thracians. And there is also, of the same name as this Asius, another Asius in Homer, " who was maternal uncle to horsetaming Hector, and own brother to Hecabe, but son of Dymas, who dwelt in Plirygia by the streams of the Sangarius."^
22.

Abydus
;

was

founded
of
district

founded

by permission
his

Lydians for this Troad were under

tory

by Milesians, being Gyges, king of the and the whole of the

sway

and there

is

a promon;

named Gygas near Dardanus. Abydus lies at the mouth of the Propontis and the Hellespont
and
it
is

equidistant from Lampsacus and Ilium,

about

one

hundred

and

seventy stadia.^

Here,

separating Europe and Asia, is the Heptastadium,^ which was bridged by Xerxes. Tlie European promontory that forms the narrows at the place of the bridge is called the Chersonesus * because of its And the place of the bridge lies opposite shape. Abydus. Sestus^ is the best of the cities in the Chersonesus ; and, on account of its proximity to Abydus, it was assigned to the same governor as
^

i.e. i.e.

*
^

'*

" Strait of seven stadia." " Land-island or "Peninsula."

Oil its site, see Leaf,

work

la.st

cited, p. 119.

41

STRABO
Kal avrrj iriraKTO ovvto ral^ rjireipOL^ ovv rj /xev Btopi^ovTcov TOiv Tore ra<; rjyfiovLa<i.
rfyefMOVL

"A^vho^ Kol

T)

Xr]ar6<; Bi)(Ovaii^
Xt/xe/'O?

dW^Xtov

rpid-

Kovrd TTOV araBlovf; k

'

et? Xf/xei^a,

to Se

^evyfid earl fitKpov uTro

tmv iroXewv TrapaWd-

^avTi i^ A^vSov fiev co? iirl rrjv UpoTrovTcBa, k Be XijaTOV et9 rovvavriov' ovo^d^erai Be wpo^ ttj Sr;aT^ T07ro9 'Airo^ddpa, KaO* hv e^evyvvro t) eari Be rj St/o-to? ivBoTepco Kara rrjv axeBla' UporrrovTiBa virepBe^io^i rov pov rov ef avTi]<;' Bib KOL evTrerearepov eV r?}? 'E.Tjcrrov Bialpovai rov t^9 'Hpov<{ TrapaXe^dfxevoL^ ptiKpou eirl TTvpyov KUKeWev d(^ievr<i rdirkola avfiTrpdrTovTo^
irepaiwaiv' rol<i B' e^ ^A^vBov ^ irapaXeKreov earXv et? rdvavria OKroD TTOV <TraBiov<i eirl rrvpyov rivd Kar dvriKpv T^<? ^rjarrov, eireira Biatpeiv nrXdyiov Kal fxrj T\ew9 evavriov exovaiv rov povv. wkovv Be rr)v
TT/oo? rT)v

rov pov

7repaiov/jLevoL<;

"A^vBov /nerd rd VpcoLKd ^)paK<;, elra MiX'^crtoi. raw Be noXecou e/xTrprjadaiawv viro Aapelov, rov Hep^ov irarpo^y rcov Kara rrjv UpoirorrlBa,
eKotvcovTjae Kal t) "A/SuBof rrj<; avrr]<; avfjL(f>opd^. ereirprjae Be TrvOofievo*; pLerd rrjv drro ra>v 1,Kvd(av

(TrdvoBov,
fiaiveiv
c>eBiw<;

Tou?

vopiABas

Trapaa-Kcvd^eaOai Bia-

eir^
fjLT}

avrov Kara rtp-wpiav wv evaOor,

iropOfiela
tt/oo?

at TroXet?
avve/Sr)

irapdaxoLev

rfj

arparia.
jSoXalt
'

Be

ral^

dXXai^

fierarrj<i

Kal

ro)

')(^p6v(p

Kal

rovro

atriov

Kramer restores, for wap*\a^du*roi C, -KapaKt^dfifyot, irapaWa^dfitvoi no, Xylander, and other editors. Kramer restores, for wapaAKuKrioy, earlier irapa.\tKT(oy,
'

editoi-s.

42

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i. 22

Abydus in the times when governorships had not Now although yet been delimited by continents. Abydus and Sestus are about thirty stadia distant from one another from harbour to harbour, yet the line of the bridge across the strait is short, being drawn at an angle to that between the two cities, that is, from a point nearer than Abydus to the Propontis on the Abydus side to a point farther away from the Propontis on the Sestus side. Near Sestus is a place named Apobathra,^ where the pontoon- bridge was attached to the shore. Sestus lies farther in towards the Propontis, farther up the stream that flows out of the Propontis. It is therefore easier to cross over from Sestus, first coasting a short distance to the Tower of Hero and then letting the ships make the passage across by the help of the current. But those who cross over from Abydus must first follow the coast in the opposite direction about eight stadia to a tower opposite Sestus, and then sail across obliquely and thus not have to meet the full force of the current. After the Trojan War Abydus was the home of Thracians, and then of But when the cities were burned by Milesians. Dareius, father of Xerxes, I mean the cities on the Propontis, Abydus shared in the same misfortune. He burned them because he had learned after his return from his attack upon the Scythians that the nomads were making preparations to cross the strait and attack him to avenge their sufferings, and was afraid that the cities would provide means for the And this too, in addition to passage of their army. the other changes and to the lapse of time, is a cause of the confusion into which the topography of
*
i.e.

" Place of Disembarkation."

43

STRABO
<Ti>7;\;u<reft)9

rS)v tottcdv.

irepl Be ^rja-rov

Kal

rrj^
ttj^

0X779

Xeppop/jaov

TTpoevTro/jLev

iv roi^

irepl

%paicY)^ roTTOL^,^

(f)7)crl

Be rrjv ^rj<rTov SeoTTo/XTro^

^paxelav

/xev, evepKt) Be, xal aKeXei BtirXeOp^ crvvdirreLv irpo'i rov XLfieva, Kal Bia ravr otv Koi Bia Tov povv Kvpiav elvau ro)v irapoBayv.

23. 'TirepKetTai Be tt}^

iv

rfj

tmv *A^vBr]v&v yaypas TpwdBi ra "Aarvpa, ^ vvv fxev K^vor}vS>v

^

earl, KaTecrKafx/jievrj ttoXi?, irporepov Be

avrd,

Tfv Kad^ e^ovra, ol vvv airdvid eariv e^avaXfo/jieva, KaOdirep rd iv rep T/ztwXy ra irepl TOV WaKTOiXov, diTo *Aj3vBov 8' eVt Alar}7r6v irepl eTrTaKocriov; <f)aal crraBiov^, evdvirXoia Be

'x^pvaela

C 592

eKdrrov^;. 24. "E^ft) Be

*A^vBou rd irepl to "iXtoi/ iari, rd T rrapdXia ew? AefCTov koI rd iv tw TpaytK^ ireB rn Kal rd irapcopeia t^? "iBrjt! rd vvo r^ Alveia. Birra)<i Be ravr ovofxd^ei 6 Trotrjri]^, rore
ovTO) Xeywv'
*

fjLev

AapBavLcov dvr ^px^v ^^? Trat? Ayxiaao, ^apBaviov^ KaXwv, rore Be AapBdvov<iy

Tpwe? Kal AvKLOL Kal AdpBavoi dyxt^P^XV^^^*

Kramer suspecta that r6nois Bhould be ejected. Moineke oonj. \6yois, Imt retains r&irois in his text. Cp. Frag. 56a, Vol. Ill, p. 378.
*

See Vol.

Ill,

Frags. 51 (p. .373), 556 (p. 379),

and 51a,

52,

and 53

(p. .375).

t.<5. about 200 feet (in breadth). * According to Leaf {I.e., p. 1.35), the shortest course of a easel between Abydus and the mouth of the Aesepus measures just about 700 stadia. Hence Strabo's authorities for his statement are in error if, as tisual, the longer voyage

44

GEOGRAPHY,
the country has fallen. Chersonesus in general,
I

13. i.

22-24
Sestus

As

for

and the

have already spoken of them in my description of the region of Thrace.^ Theopompus says that Sestus is small but well fortified, and that it is connected with its harbour by a double wall of two plethra,^ and that for this reason, as also on account of the current, it is mistress of
the passage.
23. Above the territory of the Abydeni, in the Troad, lies Astyra. This city, which is in ruins, now belongs to the Abydeni, but in earlier times it was independent and had gold mines. These mines are now scant, being used up, like those on Mt. Tmolus in the neighbourhood of the Pactolus River. From Abydus to the Aesepus the distance is said to be about seven hundred stadia, but less by straight
sailing.^ 24. Outside

Abydus lies the territory of Ilium the parts on the shore extending to Lectum, and the places in the Trojan Plain, and the parts on the side The poet of Mt. Ida that were subject to Aeneias. names these last parts in two ways, at one time " The Dardanii in turn were saying as follows led by the valiant son of Anchises," * calling the inhabitants "Dardanii"; and at another time, " "
:

Dardani

"The Trojans and

close

Lycians and Dardani

that fight
is

in

combat."

And

it

is

reason-

a coasting voyage, following the sinuosities of the gulfs, as Leaf, however, against the shorter, or more direct, voyage. " " forces the phrase by straight sailing to mean "a straight " the course wholly over the land," adding that meaning must be that it would be shorter if one could sail straight," and that " the expression is singularly infelicitous as applied to a journey by land in contrast to one by sea."
*

Iliad. 2. 8i9.

45

STRABO
et/co9 S*
fjLcmjv VTTo

ivravOa IBpvaOai to iraXaiov Tov TTonjTov AapSavlav

rr)v

\eyo-

AdpBavov
Zev9,

av

vptoTov

tKto

v(j> eXtjy

epira

KTiaae Be AapBai^lrjv.
vvv
fiev

yap

ovS'

t^^^vot 7r6\(o<;

aco^erai avTodc.
fiera

tov? kuturpia TroXireia^ eiBrj avvLO-raadaL' irpuiTov p,ev to eirl ra<i uKpcopeia^; dirXovp ri Kol dypiov, BeBioTcov to, vBara eirLiroXd^ovTa uKfiyjv ev TOt? TreBioi^i' Bevrepov Be to ev Tat? viroypeiatfi, dappomnwv ijBy Kara p^iKpov, are Brj Kol Tcoif ireBlwv dp^o/xP(ov ai^a^/ry^eo'^af rpirop Bk TO P Toi? TreStot?. Xeyoi 8' du Tt? kol reraprov Kol Tre/jLTTTOp (Vft)? Kal irXeico, vcrarop Be to ev TTJ irapaXia kol cp Tal^j pi)aoL^, XeXvfiepov irapTOf TOV TOiovTOv (f)6^ov. TO ydp /xdXXop Kal ^ttop daXuTTrj irXeiov^ dp Oappelp 7rXy]aid^ip ttj v7roypd<f)oi Bia(l>opdfi iroXiTeiayp KaX tfdSiP, Ka25.

KIku^cl

Be

IlXdr(oi>

K\vap,ov<i

ddirep
7r&)9

7rl

TMP dyaOcop ^ t teal T(op dypiwp ^ti TO ijfiepov tmp BevTepayp vTTO^e^ij/coToap.
Tt?

eaTt

Be*

Bia^opd

Kal

irapd

tovtoi^ tCjv

peaaypoLKcop Kal ttoXitikcjp' d(f>' (OP y]Br) Kal eirl to daTeiop Kal dptaTOP ^6o^ eTeXevTyaep t) tcop opopdTcop KaT oXiyop /liTOdypoLKCiip Kal
so the later editors. Kaddirtp, Xylauder, for koI Ewtp iyadwy MSS., Leaf {op. cit. pp. 13, 140) reatorea, for a.n\ci>y, emendation of Oroskurd accepted by other later editors. Plato {Laws 679 (J) says iyaeol fxtf ick toCto {i.e. the absence of riches, poverty, insolence, injustice, and envy) t ^(ray Kod
;

ilk T))y Ktyofi^yriy tvi)$eicaf. ' fri wots, the editors in general, for iarl

wus moz, in rwj

46

GEOGRAPHY,
" At

13. i.

24-25

able to suppose that this was in ancient times the site of the Dardania mentioned by the poet when he
says,
first

for at cloud-gatherer, and he founded Dardania the present time there is not so much as a trace of a city preserved in that territory.^ 25. Plato ^ conjectures, however, that after the time of the floods three kinds of civilisation were formed the first, that on the mountain- tops, which was simple and wild, when men were in fear of the
;
:

Dardanus was begotten by Zeus the "

^

waters which still deeply covered the plains the second, that on the foot-hills, when men were now gradually taking courage because the plains were beginning to be relieved of the waters ; and the One might speak equally third, that in the plains. of a fourth and fifth, or even more, but last of all that on the sea-coast and in the islands, when men had been finally released from all such fear for the greater or less courage they took in approaching the sea would indicate several different stages of civilisation and manners, first as in the case of the qualities of
; ;

* goodness and wildness, which in some way further served as a foundation for the milder qualities in the second stage. But in the second stage also there is a difference to be noted, I mean between the rustic and

and civilised qualities and, beginning with these last qualities, the gradual assumption of new names ended in the polite and highest
semi-rustic
;

'

Iliad 20. 215. On the boundaries of Dardania, see Leaf {I.e., p. 137). * Laivs 677-679. See critical note,

other
Leaf.
*

MSS.

omitted by Corais

^h) vus, Groskurd

er4pcos

5^,

after ^o-n, Leaf omits.

47

STRABO
Karh ttjv tcop r^Owv ifrl to Kpelrrov /jLerdaracriv, irapa rc^i rmu tottcov koI riav jSlcjv
Xrj-^ii;,

/jLTa^o\d<i.
(fyrjal

ravTa<;
6

Bt) Ta<; 8ia(f)opa<;

v7roypd(f)etP

UXdrtop, t?}? fiep Trpcortj^ 7ro\iTia<; irapdSeiyfxa riOepra top tmp KvKXfOTrcop ^Lov, avrocfivelfi pepofxepwp KapiTov^ KaX tA? dfcp(opLa<; Karexoprtop eV airr^XaioL^ Tialp'
Troirjrrjp

rov

aWa
<f>rjaLP,

ra

aairapra

Koi

dpijpora

irdvra

(f)voprai,
avroL'i'
B'

Tolaip

ovfc

dyopal

^ovXrj(f)6poi,

ovre

dXX

opewp palovat Kdptjpa, ip (TireaaL yXa^vpolai, Oefxiarevet Be eicaaTO<t

iraiBwp
tJS'

6epLiaTe<i' 01 y vyjrrjXtop

aXo^Oiiv,
^

rov Bk Bevrcpov top eVt

rod AapBdpov
ipi]

C 593

KTia-ae Be /^apBapujp, inel oviro ''IX,to9 eV ireBitp TreiroXiaro, iroXi^ ficpoireop

TTOiP,

dp6pd>''J5iy9.

dXlC

eO' vircopeia^

wkcop^ iroXvwiBdKov

rov Bk rpirov iirl rov "iXov top ip rot<i TreSiot?. rovrop yap irapaBiBoaai rov 'iXiou Kriari)v, d<f> ov KaX ri}P e-movvijiiap Xa^eip ri)P ttoXip' 6t/co9 Be fcal Bid rovTO ev fxearp ra> TreBlo) reOdf^Oai
avroPy

on
rrjp

7rpa)T()<i

eddpprjaep

ep

rot?

TreBloi^

deaOai

fcaroiKiap'

01 Be Trap' "IXov arj/na iraXaiov AapBaplBao fieaaop kutt ireBiop irap epipeop iaaevopro,

48

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

25

culture, in accordance with the change of manners for the better along with the changes in places of abode and in modes of life. Now these differences,

according to Plato,^ are suggested by the poet, who sets forth as an example of the first stage of civilisation the life of the Cyclopes, who lived on uncultivated fruits and occupied the mountain-tops, living " " but all these he in caves

grow says, " things," "And for them. unsown and unploughed they have no assemblies for council, nor appointed laws, but they dwell on the tops of high mountains in hollow caves, and each is lawgiver to his children and his wives." ^ And as an example of the second
:
. .

" stage, the life in the time of Dardanus, who founded Dardania ; for not yet had sacred Ilios been builded

men, but they were living on the foot-hills of many-fountained Ida." ^ And of the third stage, the life in the plains in the time of Ilus ;^ for he is the traditional founder of Ilium, and And it was from him that the city took its name. it is reasonable to suppose, also, that he was buried in the middle of the plain for this reason that he was the first to dare to settle in the plains " And they sped past the tomb of ancient Ilus, son of Dardanus, through the middle of the plain past the wild fig tree." ^ Yet even Ilus did not have full
to be a city of mortal

Laws 3.

* *

680. 109, 112-114 (quoted by Plato in LaiosS. 680). Odvssey 9. 10 Iliad 20. 216 (quoted by Plato in Laws 3. 681). ' Laws 3. 682. Iliad 11. 166.

iwi,

Corals, for 4k so the later editors. Instead of ^Keoy, moz read tvaiov.
;

49

STRABO
ovB* ovTO<i 8e T\eta)9 idappijaep' ov yap ivravOa Xhpvae TT)V TToXiv, ottov vvv iarlv, dWh, (r^eSoi/ Tt TpiciKOVTa (TTahioL<^ di'corepo) 7rpo9 ew real tt/so?

Kol rrjv AapBaviav Kara Tr)v vvv ^Wiecov K(op,riv. ol Be vvv 'IX^et? ravTrjv rrjv (f)LXoBo^ovvT<; Kol OiXovTe^ elvai iraXaiav irapeayi^KacTL Xoyov rot? ix Trj<; 'Ofxijpov ov yap eoiKcv avTTj TToirjcrew'i r6Kp,aipo/j,evoi(;' elvai 7] Kad^ ''Op,7]pov. Kal dXXoL Be laropovai
TT)v

"ISrjv

KaXovfievrjv

TrX-ttof?

/xeTa^^X')]fcevai
B'

roirov^;

rijv

ttoXiv,

vcrraTa

evravda

av/ii/jLelvai

Kara Kpoiaov^

rd<; Brj roiavra^ p,eTaj3dai<i eit to, fidXiara. Kara) fxeprj Td<; rore avfx^aivovaa<; vTToXap.^dvoa Kal ^l(t)v Kal TToXiTeiMv v7roypd<piv Bia(f)opd^, dXXd ravra fiev Kal dXXore iTnaKCTTjiov, 26. T^i^ Be TMV 'IX.ie'wi' iroXiv twv vvv t6&)9 eyovaav Tr)<i fxev Kd)fi7)v elvai if>aat,, to iepov ^ \6r)vd<^ fXLKpov Kal evreXef;, WXe^avBpov Bk dvafidvra perd rrjv eVl VpaviKw vlktjv, dvadrjpaal re KOcrp,TJaai to Iepov Kal Trpoaayoperaai ttoXiv Kal oLKoBopiai^ dvaXa^eiv irpoard^at rot? eVtpeXr^raU eXevOepav re Kplvai Kal d^opov, vaTcpov

Be p,erd T7)v

KardXvaiv twv Wepa<av eTnaroXTjv

,

vttkt^i ovp.VOV itoXlv re TToiijaai p-eydXr^v Kal Iepov eiriai^poTarov, koI perd Be rrjv exeivov dywva dTroBel^CLv Iepov.
*

KaraTrep^yfrai (^iXdvO pwir ov

For Kpolaov x reads

fiiKpSv,

moz

xpriaii6v.

* Schlieniann's excavations, however, identify Hipsarlik aa the site of Homer's Troy. Tfence " the site of HniDer's Troy " at the village of Ilians is a mere figment (Leaf, I.e., p. 141).
'

'

50

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

25-26

courage, for he did not found the city at the place where it now is, but about thirty stadia higher up towards the east, and towards Mt. Ida and Dardania, at the place now called " Village of the llians." ^ But the people of the present Ilium, being fond of glory and wishing to show that their Ilium was the ancient city, have offered a troublesome argument to those who base their evidence on the poetry of Homer, for their Ilium does not appear to have been the Homeric city. Other inquirers also find that the
city changed its site several times, but at last settled permanently where it now is at about the time of
I take for granted, then, that such Croesus.2 removals into the parts lower down, which took place in those times, indicate different stages in modes of life and civilisation but this must be further investigated at another time. 26. It is said that the city of the present llians was for a time a mere village, having its temple of Athena, a small and cheap temple, but that when Alexander went up there after his victory at the Granicus ^ River he adorned the temple with votive offerings, gave the village the title of city, and ordered those in charge to improve it with buildings,
;

and that he adjudged it free and exempt from tribute and that later, after the overthrow of the Persians, he sent down a kindly letter to the place, promising to make a great city of it, and to build a magnificent sanctuary, and to proclaim sacred games.* But after
;

* *

King of Lydia, 560-546 B.C. The first of the three battles by which he overthrew the

Persian empire (334 B.C.). * But his untimely death e.g. like the Olympic Games. prevented the fulfilment of this promise.

51

STRABO
re\euTt)v hvalfiaxo^ fiaXLara t^? ttcXcci)? i^refieXijOr) Kol veoov KareaKcvaae kcu reixof Trepie^aXcTo ocTov reTTapcLKovra ajahicov, avvwKiae re eh avTrjv xa? kvkXu) TroXei^ ap)(aia<i rjhri ^ KeKaKcofieva^;, ore koI AXe^avSpeiat "^Br) eVc(TvvwKLapAvr)*; p,ev rjhr] vtt ^AvTiyovov Kol 7rpoar]yopevfiPr)<; A.vnyovia'i, p,Ta^aXovcrr)<: he Tovvofxa, eSo^e yap euae/Se? eipai Toi/f 'A\i(avBpov BiaBefafievov^t eKeivov Trporepop ktI^civ kol Btj koi eirwvvpLOv^ 7r6Xei<;, elO^ eavrwv. awefieive xal av^rjaiv a)(e, vvv Be Kal 'Voifiaiav Kal eari rdv eXXoylficov aiTOLKlav BeBcKTUL
fieXrjOrj,
^

TToXecov.

C594

27.

Kal to

"iX/oi/

B\ h

vvv eari, KayfioTroXif

t^9 'Atrta? eire^ijaav Kal e^elSaXov Kvrio)(Ov rbv fieyav k Trj<; evro^i Tov Tavpov. ^rj/xijrpio'; 6 2/c;>|rto9, (f>y]crl yovv
fietpaKiov 7nBrjfj,i]aa<i roixf oi/tw? Kaipov<i,

Tt9 ^v, ore irpoiTov 'Pay/naLOL ^

eh

rijv iroXiv

Kar eKcivov^
IBeiv

uyXiyayprj/xevrjv

r^v
ix
BicL

KaroLKLav,
rr}<:

ware

p,i]Be

KepapLwra.'^ ^x^iv Ta<; areya^'

^Hyrjcridva^ Be
Kvp(oTrr}<f

rov<;

VaXaTaf;
p,^v

irepai,(iidevTa<i
ei<i

ava/3i]vat

rrjv

ttoXiv

Beofievovi pvfiaTO<t,

vapaxpijpa

5'

eKXnrelv

* Either Strabo, or his authority, Demetrius of Scepsis, or the Greek text as it now stands, seems guilty of inconsistency " devoted in the passage special attention to the city and then cities bearing their own." Grote (Vol. I, chapter the (Irt-ek text in the following order: xv) rearranges "devoted especial attention to Alexandreia" (not Ilium), "which had indeed already been founded by and
.

called Antigonia, but changed its name (for it was thought to b . . then cities bearing their own name), and he built a
.

Antigonus

5a

GEOGRAPHY,
his

13. i.

26-27

death Lysimachus ^ devoted special attention to the city, and built a temple there and surrounded the city with a wall about forty stadia in circuit, and also incorporated into it the surrounding cities, which were now old and in bad plight. At that time he had already devoted attention to Alexandreia, which had indeed already been founded by Antigonus and called Antigonia, but had changed its name, for it was thought to be a pious thing for the successors of Alexander to found cities bearing his name before they founded cities bearing their own. And indeed the city endured and grew, and at present it not only has received a colony of Romans but is one of the notable cities of the world. 27. Also the Ilium of to-day was a kind of villagecity when the Romans first set foot on Asia and expelled Antiochus the Great from the country this At any rate, Demetrius of Scepsis side of Taurus. says that, when as a lad he visited the city about that time, he found the settlement so neglected that the buildings did not so much as have tiled And Hegesianax says that when the Galatae roofs. crossed over from Europe they needed a stronghold and went up into the city for that reason, but
forty stadia in circuit." He omits "at that temple time he had already devoted attention to Alexandreia," and so does Leaf {op. cit., p. 142) but the latter, instead of rearranging " the text, simply inserts "Alexandreia" after "city in the Leaf (p. 143) adds the following first clause of the passage. important argument to those of Grote: "There is no trace whatever of any great wall at Ilium, though remains of one 40 stades in length could hardly have escaped notice. But there is at Alexandreia such a wall which is exactly the length mentioned by Strabo, and which is clearly referred
.
.

to."

53

STRABO
TO

aTei^KXTOV varepov
Lt

ttoWtjv.

CKCLKcoaav

6' eiravopOwcriv avTTjv irdXiv oi

c\
/j,Ta

^Lix^piov 'Poy/xaloi, Xa^6vT<i k iroXiopKia^ iv Tfh MiOpiSaTiKO) Se 6 TToXe/M^. a-vv7rfi<f>dr)

^^(/jL^pLa<i

virdrcp

OvaXepiw

^Xclkkm

rafii,a<;,

Trpox^iptcTdivrL eVt rbv MtOpiSdrrjv Karaara(Tidaa<; Be Koi dveXoiv rov virarov Kara ^idvvlav

KareardOt} KvpLo^ Tt']<i arpaTid<i, koI irpoeXOwv eh "IXlov, ov Bexo/u.i'a)v avTOv rS)V ^ 'Wieoiv, ft)? XrjaTrjv, fiiav re Trpoa<^epL Ka\ ^ evheKaraiov^i h\ on, rjv alpel' Kav')((t)pLevov WyafiefjLvcov ttoXlv ScKdro) ereL fi6XL<: elXe tov aroXov exwv Koi rrfv avfitraaav )(^iXi6vavv

auTo?

'EWaSa
r)v

(TucTTpaTevovaav, ravryv avT6<i evBeKdrr)

rt? roiv

tovtov vTrepfiaxMV rijf; iroXeco^. eTreXOwv XuiVXa? xareXvae, Kal rov ixkv ovv yiiOpiBdrrjv Kara au/jL0d<Tei<; el<; rrjv OLKeiav ^' 'IXte'a? Trapefivdrjaaro TroWot? <'irreTTp,ylre, tou? eirai opdw/jiaai,. KaO^ r)fxa<; fxevroL Kaiaap 6 Seo*; TToXv rrXeov avroiv Trpovvoyae, ^rjXcoaa^ afia ^ Kal AXe^avBpov eKelvo<; yap Kara <Tvyyveia<; dvavecoaiv wp/jLijae irpovoelv avrcov, afia Kal
E/cTtop
o
(tuXo/j.yjpo';

rj/xepa x^ipcocraiTO, el-ne "

^XXiewv

Ov yap

wv.

(fiiperai
rf

yovv

Tt<?

Bi6pOui(Ti<i

t^9

'OfMtjpou

rov

eK rov vdpdrjKo<i Xeyop.ev7j, AXe^dvBpov p,rd rwv rrepl KaXXiaOevrj Kal

TTOtr/o-eft)?,

^Ava^apxou
*

eireXOovro^; Kal arjfjLeiroaafxevov rivd,

&iay re, conj. of Casaubon, for /*7jxoi'c{j t i, M^dxV ^^t ivdyKTiv z, omitted in 7/u>r, ^dyri other MSS. ; so Meineke. * For iyifKaralous the Kpit. has iv r]ft4pait i*Ka.
*

i.e.

p<[>ular

in 86 B.o. by Cinna the consul, the leader of the party at Rome.

54

GEOGRAPHY,
left it at

13. i.

27

later

once because of its lack of walls. But was greatly improved. And then it was ruined again by the Romans under Fimbria, who
it

it by siege in the course of the Mithridatic war. Fimbria had been sent as quaestor with Valerius Flaccus the consul when the latter was appointed^ to the command against Mithridates; but Fimbria raised a mutiny and slew the consul in the neighbourhood of Bithynia, and was himself

took

army and when he advanced Hans would not admit him, as being a brigand, and therefore he applied force and captured the place on the eleventh day. And when he boasted that he himself had overpowered on the eleventh day the city which Agamemnon had only with difficulty captured in the tenth year, although the latter had with him on his expedition the fleet of a thousand vessels and the whole of Greece, one of the Ilians said ^' Yes, for the city's champion was no Hector." Now Sulla came over and overthrew Fimbria, and on terms of agreement sent Mithridates away to his homeland, but he also consoled the Ilians by numerous improvements. In my time, however, the deified Caesar ^ was far more thoughtful of them, at the same time also emulating the example of Alexander for Alexander set out to provide for them on the basis of a renewal of ancient kinship, and also because at the same time he was fond of Homer at any rate, we are told of a recension of the poetry of Homer, the Recension of the Casket, as it is called, which Alexander, along with Callisthenes and Anaxarchus, perused and to a
set

up

as lord of the
I

to Ilium, the

Julius Caesar.

55

STRABO
eireira KaraOevrof; el^ vapdi-jKay hv tfifpev iv rfj Karea Kevaa fiivov, TroXureXw? TlepaiKfj ydl^jj,

rov rov Trocrjrov ^rfkov Kal Kara rrfv airo rtav AlaKihoiv rdv iv rr)v MoXoTTOt? ^aaiXevadvrcov, irap oh xai rrjv *AvBpofj,d^7jv laropovcrt ^aaiXevaai, rTjv^Kxropo^ yei'o/jievrjv yvpaiKa, i(f)i\o(f)povLro^ irpo^ rov^ 'IXtea? ^AXe^avSpo^' 6 he Kalaap Kal (piXaXe^avBpo^ wv Kal rrj<; tt/do? tou? 'iX^ea? (nryyeveiaf;
Brj

Kara re

(TiryyeveLav

jvoypifKorepa^ e)(Ci)v reKfi/jpta eTreppMo-dtj Trp6<! rrjv evepyeaiav VaviKO}<;' jpwpifioorepa hiyirponov Q^^bl^^v on 'Pft)/^a?09" oi he 'Pfofialoi rov^ Alveiav

dpxny^T"nv r^yovvrai' eireira ore 'louXto? dfro ^lovXov rivof rSiv ir poyovwv Klvo^ 5* dfro 'louXou* rijv TrpoGwvvpLLav^ <t')( ravrrjv, ratv
diToyopcov
hrj

el?

a)v

royv

diro

Alveiov.
rrjv

^((opav re

eXevdeplav Kal Tr)v dXetrovpyy^aiav avrolt; (TVV(f)vXa^, Kal on 8* ovk p-expi' v^v <xvfjLfXvov(Tiv ev rovrot,^. evravda Xhpvrai ro iraXaibv "IXiov Kad^ "Op,rjpop a-KOTrovcTiv, k rcov roKovhe rcK/ualpovrat,
TTporepov he vTroypairreov rov<; r6irov<i diro rrapaXiafi dp^afxevov<i, fl<^' ^(nrep eXlTro/xev,
'

irpoaeveifiev avrol^

Kal

rrj^

All MSS. except D/ii read ydp before irp6s. yv'piuwrtpa, Corais, for yyofpiuwraTa so the later editors. All MS\S except nrxz have r' before Alftlaa^. ijc read "'lAou instead of 'loi/Aou. F reads trpodtrfopiav instead of wpoawtfuniay. Dhi add yvy after ivratQa h reads Wpwro, and so CoraU.
;

According to Pltitarch {Alexander 8), "Alexander took with him Aristotle's recension of the poem, called the Iliad of the Casket, and always kept it lying beside his dagger

56

GEOGRAPHY,
certain extent annotated,
richly

13. i. 27

and then deposited in a wrought casket which he had found amongst the Persian treasures.^ Accordingly, it was due both to his zeal for the poet and to his descent from the

Aeacidae who reigned as kings of the Molossians where, as we are also told, Andromache, who had been the wife of Hector, reigned as queen that Alexander was kindly disposed towards the Ilians. But Caesar, not only being fond of Alexander, but also having better known evidences of kinship with the Ilians, felt encouraged to bestow kindness upon them with all the zest of youth better known evidences, first, because he was a Roman, and because the Romans believe Aeneias to have been and secondly, because the their original founder name lulius was derived from that of a certain lulus who was one of his ancestors,^ and this lulus got his ^ who was one of the appellation from the lulus Caesar therefore allotted descendants of Aeneas.

territory to them and also helped them to preserve their freedom and their immunity from taxation ; and to this day they remain in possession of these
favours.

But that
if

this

is

not the

site

of the ancient

one considers the matter in accordance with Homer's account, is inferred from the followBut first I must give a general ing considerations.
Ilium,

description of the region in question, beginning at that point on the coast where I left off.
" " the under his pillow, as Onesicritus informs us ; and " casket was the most precious of the treasures of Dareius
{ibid. 26).
*

i.e.

On

of the Julian gens. "lulus," or Ilus, see critical note.

VOL. VI.

57

STRABO
''

28.

"^(TTi Toivvv [XT

^<?

X^vhov ^

^apSavU

fiivpov^ TTporepov i/xp^aOrifiev, Koi 17 TToXi? *Ay8v^of 1) t?)? AdpBavo<;, hiixovcra ^hop,7]KOPTa crraSLOv;, /lera^v re 6 'PoSto? iKTTLTTTeL TTOTayLtO?, KaO'' OV V rfj XeppOV^atp TO

dxpa,

01

Kvv6<i arjfjLo, eariv, 6 (f^acrtv 'R/ca/Sr;? elpat Td<f>ov' Be rov 'FoBlop et? top Ata-yirop ifi^aWfip (fiaaip' fil? S' earl tcop vtto rov ttoitjtov Xeyo-

/jLCPCop /cal

OVT09*

'P^o-o<? 6^ 'E7rTa7ro/909 re.

T}

t KdpT]a6<; t 'PoBlo^
S'

Be

AdpBapof; Krlafia dpxo-lop, ovrco

ev/ca01

p,er(i)Ki^op

racppoprjrop, avrr}P el<; '^A^vBop, 01 TrdXip el<i ro dp-^alop Krlcrfxa.

wore ttoWukk:

ol

^aaiXeU
Bk

jxep

dpooKi^ov
Be

epravOa

avPTjXOov
r)<yend)Vy

^uWa?
Koi

re Koppij\io<;, 6 rdp 'Vcofialcov i0 pt.Bdrj]<f 6 KXrjOel^ Kvrrdrwpf

tt/qo?

Kal

crvp0T}(Tap

dX\tjXov<i

eiri

KaraXvaei

rov iroXefiov.
29. llXr)(TLOP
B'

ToO "K/cTO/309
^
(f)^rj<:

a\(To<;

earl rb 'O<f)pvpiop} <f>* ft> to ep 7rpi(f)apei tottod' xal

eiri

XifiPT)

YlreXedi^i.
X6(f>cp

30.

Etra 'Voireiop 7ro\f?

a-vpe^V'^

Ketfievrj
i(f>'

Kal
7J

r^ 'Poireiw*
^

Vio^v

dXir6Pj'j<i,^

Kal Upop ATai/TO? Kal dpBptd<;, op Apruypiov KO/Jia0epra et? Aiyvrrrop apaprO's aireBftiKe rol<i 'Poireievai^ irdXip, KaOdirep xal
fiPTJpa
^

moxz read
*0<pp{>viov
xC/it-Tj,

fxiKpw instead of fiiKp6v.

"

E and

Leaf

Calvert, whom * 'Pwr/y CFwwxat, '?oitI^ D, *Povt/v hi, 'Povrtltp other

Epit., 'O<ppovyiov other MSS. (see his note, Troad, p. 154), following he quotes fully, emends to \i/iV-

MSS.

5S

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

28-30

28. After Abydus, then, comes the Dardanian Promontory, which I mentioned a little while ago,^ and also the city Dardanus, which is seventy stadia distant from Abydus. Between the two places empties the Rhodius River, opposite which, in the Chersonesus, is Cynos-Sema,^ which is said to be the tomb of Hecabe. But some say that the Rhodius empties into the Aesepus. This too is one " of the rivers mentioned by the poet Rhesus, Dardanus Heptaporus, Caresus, and Rhodius."^ was an ancient settlement, but it was held in such contempt that it was oftentimes transplanted by some of the kings to Abydus and then resettled It was here again by others on the ancient site. that Cornelius Sulla, the Roman commander, and
:

Mithridates surnamed Eupator met and arranged the terms for the conclusion of the war. 29. Near by is Ophrynium, near which, in a conspicuous place, is the sacred precinct of Hector.* And next comes the Lake ^ of Pteleos. 30. Then come Rhoeteium, a city situated on a hill, and, adjacent to Rhoeteium, a low-lying shore, on which are a tomb and temple of Aias, and also a statue of him, which was taken up by Antony and carried off to Aegypt but Augustus Caesar gave it back again to the Rhoeteians, just as he gave
;

1
*

13. 1. 11.

See "Cynos-Sema" and foot-note in Vol. Ill, p. 377.

3 *
*

On

Iliad 12. 20. the site of

154,

p. " Harbour."
'

Leaf,

Ophrynium, see Leaf, p. 153. following Calvert, emends "Lake" to

'PtfiTcieSat,

AiavTeiov, after aXinviis, Jones deletes. the editors, for 'Pi;T*ei5(r.

59

STRABO
a\Xoi<i aXkov^,^ 6

^^aaro<i Kai<Tap.
k
tcov
Trj

rh ykp

KoXkLcrra
iepcov

avaOijfiara
fiev
rjpe,

irrKJiavea-rdTcov Xlyvirria x^P'-^^t^^^^^*

to ICyetov,^ KareaTraafievT] ttoX*?, Kal to vavaraOfiov xal 6 ^Axaifov XijjLrjv Koi TO *Axciifcov (XTpaToveBov Kol rj XTOfiaXifxpT) KaXovfievt) kol at tov Xfcafidv-

Se 6ol<; a7reS(*)K. 31. MT^ Bk TO ToLTetov^ iari

avfnreaovre^ yap o re Xtp,6i<{ Bpov eK^oXal. Kol 6 ^KcifiavBpoi; iv T<fi TreBitp, nroWrjv KoraIXvVy irpoaxovai Ttjv irapaXlav koX <f>povTfi TV<f>\ov (TTOfia T Kul Xi/xvoOaXaTTa^t xal iXrj KUTct Bk Tr}v '^lyeidBa* dxpav iaTiv iroLOixTL. iv TTj ^eppovqaw to UpoyreaiXdeiov^ Kal rj
'EXeoOo-o-a, irepX cjv elpijKafMev iv toU SpaKloi<i, 32. "EtTTA Be TO fjLrjKOf; t^? irapaXia^ Tavrrj^,
drrrb

tov

'VoLTelov

'

P'^XP''

S7tov

Koi

tov
/xkv

*A;)^(X\ec()9

/jLVi]fiaT0<i

evdvirXoovvToaVt

e^ijKovTa

G 696

(TTaBlcov vTroncTTToyKe Be

t^

^iXitp nracra,

t^

vvv fcaTd TOV

Biov<i

'A;)^atwz/ Xip,eva

oaov BcoBexa

crTa-

Biexovara, t^ Be TrpoTeptp TpuiKovTa dXXoi<i aTaBlot<! dv(i>Tp(p KUTd to tt/oo? ttjv "IBrjv fiipo^,

TOV p.h ovv ^AxiXXeto'i xal lepov

77/309

i<TTt
*

Kal

fxvijfjui

ry

^lyei^,

UuTpoKXov

Be Kal

AvtiXoxov

pivqpuTa, Kal ivayl^ovaiv ol *lXiei^ Traai Kal TovToi<i Kal T^ AlavTi. 'llpaKXea 8* ov Tip,a)atv,
(x reads so the later editors. 'Polrttoy, the editors, for 'Potrtor h, 'Firtop other MSS., except that D has oi over v. 2iyt,oy E, -iiyioy other MSS. * iiytidia , 2iyidSa other MSS.
*

iWovs, omitted by the MSS., Kramer inserts

;

4aXo)

6o

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

30-32

back other statues to their owners. For Antony took away the finest dedications from the most famous temples, to gratify the Egyptian woman,^ but Augustus gave them back to the gods. 31. After Rhoeteium come Sigeium, a destroyed city, and the Naval Station and the Harbour of the Achaeans and the Achaean Camp and Stomalimne,* as it is called, and the outlets of the Scamander ; for after the Simoeis and the Scamander meet in the plain, they carry down great quantities of alluvium, silt up the coast, and form a blind mouth, lagoons, and marshes. Opposite the Sigeian Pro^ montory on the Chersonesus are Eleussa and the of ProtesilaUs, both of which I have mentemple tioned in my description of Thrace.*
of this coast, I mean on a straight to Sigeium, and the monument of Achilles, is sixty stadia; and the whole of it lies below Ilium, not only the present Ilium, from which, at the Harbour of the Achaeans,
32.

The length
from

voyage

Rhoeteium

about twelve stadia distant, but also the earlier Ilium, which lies thirty stadia farther inland in the direction of Mt. Ida. Now there are a temple and a monument of Achilles near Sigeium, as also monuments of Patroclus and Antilochus ; and the llians offer sacrifices to all four heroes, both to these and to Aias. But they do not honour Heracles, giving
it is
*

Cleopatra."

"Eleussa

* " Mouth-of-the-marsh." " Eleus." appears to be an error for

Book VII,

Frags. 51, 54, 55.

0,

UpwreaiXieiov E, UpcoT^ffiKaiov orz, TlpuTeatXalaiy npcoreiTiXewy \)hi. *EKov<raa, Oorais emends to ^EXaiovatra. ' 'Poirlov Dh, 'Pvriov 0, 'Voireiov other MSS.

6i

STRABO
alria}^VOL ttjv
fiev,
<f>aL'rj

utt'

avTov
ovrco^;

TropOrjaiv.

a\V

Kivo<:

rt?

av,

iiropd'qdev,

war

atro-

XLirelv T0t9
fiP,

varepov iKiropdy^aovai KKaKCi>fievy]v iroKiv he' Bib xal ovrwf; etprjKev 6 7roir}ri]<;'
^(^jjpayae 5'

*1\lov i^akdira^e ttoXlv,

dyvid^,

ovk rt? <ttip, XeLTravhpia ovtol 8' i)(j>dvicrav reWo)?, d<f)avi<T/j,o<i reXeio?' oU ivayl^eiv d^cova-i kuI TLfxdv w? Oeov<i' el fir) TOUT Blotl ovtoi hiKaiov alridaaivTO, fxev
V

y^P

XVP^^^

Be dBiKov, ^ve^ tovto Be trdXiv dvriTideTai /jlv6o<;' ov yap evexa Xttttcdv, dWd fxiadou virep t^? 'Htrtoi'/;? koI tov K^TOv<i. ravra' et? yap fxvdwv dpa<TKvd<; edacofjLev
TToXe/jLOv
I'ttttcov

e^7]veyKap, AaofjL^Bovro^'

eVeti/o?

tt/jo?

dW

eKTriTTTei,'

rd-)(a Be
ot'
a<i

\ap6dpuval
rot?
fi^.

TiP<i

r)/Jid<i

alrlai

TTiarorepai,
fiep

^iXtevcrip

Tifidp,

Tov^

Be

eoiKe
iroKip

iirrjXde tou? Be 6 troiijrt)^

fxiKpdp *

dTTO(f}aipeLP

rrjp

ep

t^

irepi

HpaKKeov^i \6y(p,
If

et-nep

ot79 avv prjval KaX dvBpdai iravporepoiaip 'Wiov e^aXd-na^e ttoXip.

UpiafjLO<i rfo toiovtco Xoy^ fieya^ p,iKpou yeyoi'Ms^ Kal ^a(TiXv<i ^aaiXeayp, ci? (fiafiP. fiiKpov Be npoeXOovaiv diro t^9 irapafcal (f>aLPeTai o
ifc

Xia^ Tavrt}^ earl to ^A^aliop,

irepaia^ vnapxop.
1

ijBr]

rrj^

TepeBlcop

riiad 5, 642.

exposed his daughter Hesionfi on the promontory Agameia (see Stephanus s.r.) to be devoured by a sea-monster. Heracles promised to kill the monster and save Hesiond if Laomedon

To appease the anger

Iliad 5. 640. of Poseidon, Laomedon

6a

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

32

as their reason his sacking of the city.

But one

might say that, although Heracles did sack it, yet he sacked it in such a way as still to leave it a city, even though damaged, for those who were later to sack it utterly and for this reason the poet states "He sacked the city of llios and widowed it thus " her streets ;^ for "widowed" means a loss of the male population, not a complete annihilation. But
;
:

the others,
fices

whom

they think

fit

to worship with sacri-

and to honour as gods, completely annihilated the city. Perhaps they might give as their reason for this that these waged a just war, whereas Heracles waged an unjust one "on account of the horses of Laomedon."^ But writers set over against this reason the myth that it was not on account of the horses but of the reward offered for Hesione and the sea- monster.^ But let us disregard these reasons, for they end merely in controversies about
myths.

And

perhaps

we
it

fail

to notice certain

more

occurred to the Ilians to honour some and not others. And it appears that the poet, in what he says about Heracles, represents the city as small, if it be true that " with only six * ships and fewer men he sacked the city of Ilium." And it is clearly shown by this statement that Priam became great and king of kings from a small beginning, as I have said before.^ Advancing a little farther along this shore, one comes to the Achaeium, where begins the part of the mainland that belongs to Tenedos.
credible reasons

why

would give him

I

his

immortal horses.

Laomedon

agreed.

Heracles fulfilled his promise, but Laomedon refused to give up he horses, and hence the war.
*

Iliad 5. 641.

* 12. 8. 7, la. 1. 7.

63

STRABO
33. Toiovrcop B^
ovTcov,
v7rep/ciTat,

^^1
Kara

T^9 "IBrjt; rb Trpo? eo) ytte/jo?. tovtov 5* 17 fikv irapcopeio^; eari arrevr), Tjj fiev eVi rr^v p^earjfji^piav
Tra/xepy fiexpi' twv Kara XKTjyjrtv tottcov, ttj S* ivl Ta<; TtiXciav ap/CTOV<; P'^XP'' "^^^ Kara AvKLCov. TavTtjv 5* TTotT/T^? vn Klvela rdrTei Kol Tot9 ^Avri]vopLBai<i, KaXel Be ^apBaviav.
VTTO

rwv eVl t^ daXdrr'p Toirtop tovtcov to TptoiKov irehiov avrfKov 7rl ttoWou? tnahiovf;

Be

ravrt)
ttco?

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virovoel
5'

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771/

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o

Be Koi TroXt?

Ke^p^VT).

Ai]fii]Tpio<; p-^XP'-

Bevpo

Biajelveiv ttjv irepl to "YXlov VTTO T^ "EKTOpi, dvi]Kovaav diro rov

'

x^P^^

"^V^

P'^XP^

^^pT}VLa<;'
(prjaiv

Td<f)OV

re

yap

vavardO p.ov AXe^dvBpov

BeUvvaOai

xal Oivtavq^i, ^v iaropovai yvvaiKU yeyovevau tov ^AXe^dvBpov, Trplv 'EiXevr]v dpirdcrar Xeyeiu re tov Trovqrrjv^ Yie^piovTjv voOov vlov dyaKXtjo<i IIpidp,oio,

avTodt

C 597

oTTcp

ov tVo9 elvuL eiruivvpiov tt)? x^P^'* V ^^'' TroXeo)?, 7ndav(t)7pov' rr)v Be Ke^prjviav Bi^Keip

p^XP'' '^V^
p.e<Tov
*

^fcrjyjria^iy opiov 6' ehai tov ^Kdp,avBpov avToyv peovTW ex'dpo-v 5' del KaX iroXep.ov elvai ToU T Ke^prjvoU Kal toU ^Krjy^loifi, ^w?

AvTiyovo<i avTov<i awMKiaev eh tt)p t6t p^v *AvTiyoviap, pvp Bk 'AXe^dvBpeiav tov? p,P ovp ep Tot9 dXXoi<i avp,p^ivai Ke/Sprjvieaf;^ t 'AXe^auBpeia, tou? Be "EKrjyjriov^ eirapeXdelp el^
rrjv oixeiap, eiriTpey^avTO'i
*

Avaip.dxov,
\

re,
*

mm

\4yti T rhv TToiriT^jy F, \4y(t 6 iroirp-hs Kal X read t koS. Instead of KtfiprivUas imoxz read K*fipi\vovs.

GDAt omit

64

GEOGRAPHY,
lies

13. i.

33

Above these Trojan Plain, which extends inland for many stadia in the direction of the east as far as The part of this plain alongside the Mt. Ida. mountain is narrow, extending on one side towards the south as far as the region of Scepsis, and on the other towards the north as far as the Lycians of This is the country which the poet makes Zeleia. subject to Aeneias and the sons of Antenor, calling it Dardania; and below this is Cebrenia, which is level for the most part and lies approximately parallel to Dardania; and in it there was once a Demetrius suspects that the city called Cebrene.^ territory of Ilium subject to Hector extended inland from the naval station as far as Cebrenia, for he 2 is pointed out says that the tomb of Alexander there, as also that of Oenon6, who, according to historians, had been the wife of Alexander before he carried off Helen. And, he continues, the poet mentions "Cebriones, bastard son of glorious Priam,"* after whom, as one may suppose, the country was named or the city too, which is more plausible ; and Cebrenia extends as far as the territory of Scepsis and the Scamander, which flows between, and the Cebreni and Scepsians is the boundary were always hostile to one another and at war until Antigonus settled both peoples together in Antigonia, as it was then called, or Alexandreia, as it is now called now the Cebreni, he adds, remained with the rest in Alexandreia, but the Scepsians,
33. Such are the places on the sea.

the

by permission of Lysimachus, went back to their

homeland.
1

So the name
Paris.

is

" Cebren " in 52. spelled in 47, but Iliad 16. 738.

65

C 2

STRABO
*

34.

AtTO Bh

Tr)9 KUTCL
<f>r}(Tlv

TOVTOV<i

TOV<{ TOTTOU?

*l8ata9 opeivrjs Bvo

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reXeuTciv

/mev

ajKaypaf eKreiveaOai evOu 'Fotrelo",^ top Be

ypafi/xt/i/

"Ztyelov, 7roiovvTa<;
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i^

afX(f)OLv

r)fiiKVK-

iv

Ta>

ireBUp,

roaovTOV

airexovra^ t^9 6a\dTTi)<;, oaov to vvv "Wiov. rovTo fiev Brj fiera^v tt)? reXefT^? twi/ Xex^^mcov ajKcovcov elpaL, to Be iraXaiov Kriafia fiera^v ' 5' pto<; to tc fJLTa\a/ii^dpa6aL T/}? dpxv^' ttcBlop, Bl* ov 6 Styttoet? <j)perait Ka\ ^LfJLoeicnop tovto ro Xfca/idpBpiop, Bo' ov ^KdfxapBpo^ pel. Be KoX ihi(i3<i TpcjiKOP Xeyerai, kul rov<; TrXeierTOi;?
dya)pa<;
6
TroiTjTt]^
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Kal

evravda diroBlBcoai, irXarvtoi)? opo^a^ofxepov^ ronovi

6p(o/jiP,

ipravOa
(TYifJia,

BeiKPUfxepovt;
oi

top *Epipe6p, top

Tov AlavrJTOv
1,tP'6L<i,

Td(f>op, T7)p

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tc

Be TTOTa/jLol 6
fiep

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TrXya-idaa^,
6

T^
cZt'

'^lyeup
eirl

Be

T^
KoX

'PoLTCLM, fXLKpop
TTOLOvcTi
B*

e/xTTpocrdep

Tou pvp *IXlov

eKBiBoaat
KaXov/jLeptjp. TreBlcop dno

au/jL^dXXova-ip,
Bieipyei

to

^uyeiop

^T o fiaXi fipi)P exdTepop twp Xe')(dePT(i3P

TT)P

OaTepov fieyat t9 avxh^ "^wz/ elprj/jLepcop dy/cdopcop 7r* evdelat, diro tov pvp 'iXtou ttjp apxrjp ex<i>p,
a-vfi<iiVT]<;

avT(py TeiPOfxepo^

Kal diroTeXcbp to
dyK(Dpa<i.

8' e&)9 t?}9 K^p7)pla<! ypdfi/xa 7rp6<i to 1/9 eKUTepcodep

^ rovTovs, before rovs, Groskurd inserts so Miiller-Diibner, Meitieke, and Leaf. ^ 'PoiTtlou, the editors, for 'PoirlouCDVfii, '?vrlou other MSS. ' lxtTa\au0cLyf(T0ai, all MSS. except E, which reads /tero\d(T<Ta(r9at, Leaf rightly restores, instead of iixo\afifidy*adau Meiueke, ifoTaAo,u/3ai'<rdo Corais.
;

66

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

34

34. From the mountain range of Ida in this region, according to Demetrius, two spurs extend to the sea, one straight to Rhoeteium and the other straight to Sigeium, forming together a semicircular line, and they end in the plain at the same distance from the sea as the present Ilium; this Ilium, accordingly, lies between the ends of the two spurs mentioned, whereas the old settlement Hes between their beginnings and, he adds, the spurs include both the Simoeisian Plain, through which the Simoeis runs, and the Scamandrian Plain, through which the Scamander flows. This is called the Trojan Plain in the special sense of the term and here it is that the poet represents most of the fights as taking and here it is that w^e see place, for it is wider pointed out the places named by the poet Erineus,^ the tomb of Aesyetes,^ Batieia,^ and the monument of llus.* The Scamander and Simoeis Rivers, after running near to Sigeium and Rhoeteium respectively, meet a little in front of the present Ilium, and then
;

issue towards
called.

Sigeium and form Stomalimne,^ as

it is

The two plains above mentioned are separated

from each other by a great neck of land which runs in a straight line between the aforesaid spurs, starting from the present Ilium, with which it is connected, and stretches as far as Cebrenia and, along with the spurs on either side,^ forms a complete letter .'
1

"Fig

tree." Iliad 2. 813.

Iliad 6. 433.
*

^ Iliad 2. 793. Iliad 10. 415.

'

i.e.

See 13. 1. 31 and foot-note. These spurs forming a semi-circular line, as stated above. tlie uncial letter written backwards (9). See Leaf's
p. 175.

diagram,
*

BoTteioi',

Xylander, for BaTeicw

so the later editors.

67

STRABO
K(ofir)

36. 'T7r/> Be eariv, iv

rovrov fiiKpbv
fi

rf

rayp

*l\i,i(i)p

i/o/xt^erat

to iraXaiov
<TTaBCov<;

"iKiov
5te;^ov
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ihpvadai
OLTTO tt}?

irporepov,

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rj

vvp TToXeo)?.

virep Be rf;? ^iXiecov

KaWiKoXcovrj, \o<^09 Tt?, Trap' ov 6 St;toft9 pet, ireinaardBLOv Biex^^v-^ yiverai ovv evXoyop irpwrov fxev ro iirl tov
"A/oco?'

Beica araBloi^ earXv

&pTO

8* "Aprj^;

erepcoOev epefivfj Xaikain,

I<ro9,

o^v Kar aKpordTr)<i ttoXlo^ Tpcoeaa-i KeXevwv, aXXore Trap ^ifioevri Oetov cttI KaXXiKoXwvrj.

C 598

rrj<i

yhp

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^'tt*

''"V

avvjeXovnevrff;, inOavS)^ av 6 Ap-q^i aXXore fiev ttjv iyKXev(TLv dno rrj<; aKpoiroXeco'; ttoioIto, dXXoTC S* K Twv TrXrjalov tottcov tov re 2f/ioevT09 xal
rrj<i

"

%Kap.avBpL(p

ireBltp

KaXXtKoXcomjf;, fiexpi ov

et/co?

Kal

rrjv fidxf}v

rerrapaKovra Be <naBLov<i Bie'Xpvarjfi T^9 l^aXXiKoXtovrf^i diro tov vvv *I\tot;, tL 'Xfiyi<Tip>ov eirl ToaovTov fieTaXa/jL^dveaOat tou9
TraparerdcrOai.
T07rou9,
7r/309
e<^*

o(TOv

r)

BLdra^if: ov BlTiv

to re

v/x^prj^
ea-Ti

8*

eXaxov AvKtoi
iraXaic^ KTiapuTi,' irXfjcriov
rj

olKCiOTepov
picov

t^

ydp iaTi TO

ireBiov

Svfi^pa Kal

BC avTOv

ifi^dXXayv et9 top XxdfiapBpop KaTCL to Svfifipalov *ATr6XXa)P0<; Upop, TOV Bk pvp ^iXiov Kal TrePTTjKOPTa aTuBlov^
iroTafJLO^
Sv/jL0pio<;,

from conj. of Palmer, for Ifx**' ; ^^^ kIkXw ^-^^ bo Eustathius reads (note on Iliad 20. 47, 53). The scholiast (quoted by C. MQller, Ind. Far. LecL p. 1024) quotes Demetrius saying that this hill is "five stadia in
1

5^X' Ckirais,
fx<"*'*

after

68

GEOGRAPHY,
35.
Ilians,

13.
is

i.

35

little

above this

the Village of the

is thought to have been situated in earlier times, at a distance of thirty And ten stadia above stadia from the present city.

where the ancient Ilium

the Village of the Ilians is Callicolon6, a hill, past which, at a distance of five stadia, flows the Simoeis.^ It therefore becomes easy to understand, first, the reference to Ares " And over against her leaped Ares, like unto a dreadful whirlwind, in shrill tones cheering the Trojans from the topmost part of the city, and now again as he sped alongside Simoeis " o'er Callicolone ; ^ for if the battle was fought on the Scamandrian Plain, it is plausible that Ares should at one time shout his cheers from the acropolis and at another from the region near the Simoeis and Callicolond, up to which, in all probability, the battle would have extended. But since Callicolon^ is forty stadia distant from the present Ilium, for what useful purpose would the poet have taken in places so far away that the line of battle could not have reached them ? Again, the words, " And towards * Thymbra fell the lot of the Lycians," are more suitable to the ancient settlement, for the plain of Thymbra is near it, as also the Thymbrius River, which flows through the plain and empties into the Scamander at the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo, but Thymbra is actually fifty stadia distant from the
:

* i.e. a little farther inland than the country which has the shape of the letter in question. * Iliad See critical note. 20. 51.

Iliad 10. 430.

perimeter

., five stadia distant from the Simoeis, and ten stadia distant from the village of the Ilians."
.
.

69

STRABO
Tw
fitv

piveoi)B7)<;,

apxaicp /CTLC/xaTi

v7roTr7rTO)Ki',

ware to
Xaov
d/jL^arof
he arrjCTov irap 'Eyoti/eor, tvda fxaXtara iari TroXt? koI irrlBpo/xov evXero

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6

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36. Kal fjLr]v TO ye vavaradfxov ro vvv en Xeyofievov TrXijalov ovra)<i earl rfj<i vvv TToXeo)?, (oare dav^d^euv elKoroD^ dv riva rS)V /xev tt)?
diTOvola^, rS)v he Tovvavrtov tt;? dyp-vxLa<i' utto-

rocrovTov XP^^^ drelxiaTov voia^i fxeu, el ei<; avTo elxov, ttXijctlou ovaTjs T>y9 TroXewv xat roaovTOv 'rrXi')Oov<i, rov t' ev aurfj koI rov vewcrX yap yeyovevai (f>ij(Tl ro etr LKovpLKov'

T6t^o9
el,

(?;

ovh^
&)9

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he

7rXdcra<i

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(f>T]aii>)'

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et<?

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XOPTO raL<; vavaip, dreix^arop he exopre^y ovk eOdppovp irpoaiopres iroXiopKeiP, fxtKpov rov
*

Some

of the

MSS. read

Kryoiro instead of Kiyou

70

GEOGRAPHY,
present Ilium.

13.

i.

35-36

again, Erineus/ a place that is of wild fig trees, lies at the foot of the ancient site, so that Andromache might a|ipropriately say, "Stay thy host beside Erineus, where best the city can be approached and the wall 2 scaled," but Erineus stands at a considerable distance from the present Ilium. Further, a little below Erineus is Phegus,^ in reference to which Achilles " But so long as I was carrying on war amid says, the Achaeans, Hector was unwilling to rouse battle away from the wall, but would come only as far as the Scaean Gates and Phegus."* 36. However, the Naval Station, still now so called, is so near the present Ilium that one might reasonably wonder at the witlessness of the Greeks and the faint-heartedness of the Trojans witlessness, if the Greeks kept the Naval Station unwalled for so long a time, when they were near to the city and to so great a multitude, both that in the city and that of the allies; for Homer says that the wall had only recently been built (or else it was not built at all, but fabricated and then abolished by the poet, as Aristotle says) and faint-heartedness, if the Trojans, when the wall was built, could besiege it and break into the Naval Station itself and attack the ships, yet did not have the courage to march up and besiege the station when it was still unwalled and only

And

rugged and

full

See foot-note on "Erineus," 34 above. Iliad 6. 433. Oak tree.

di^fcTTTj/ce

Iliad

9.

352.
6.

433),
*

(the reading of Eustathius, note on Iliad Casaubon, for a-TreoiKe ; so Kramer and Meineke. 'iKavey, X> lander, for 'Ikovto ; so the later editors.
eh,

Kolt

Meineke omits. Meineke and Leaf, from

conj. of

Kramer,

for

i>s.

71

STRABO
SLaarijfxaTO^ 6vto<;' eari yap ro vava-ToOfWP Trpo? XiycLO), TrXrjaiov Be Koi 6 ^Kd/jLavBpo<; iKBlBayaL, Biexoiv rov 'IXtou crrahiovf; eiKoatv. el Be <f)i](TL Ti? Tov vvv Xeyofjievov 'A^atwv \i/jLva elvai to vavaraO/xov, iyyvrepo) riva Xe^ci

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rr)^ iroXew^i inl daXdrrr) ireBiov' uxrre, el BioBeKaardBiov eaTi vvv to pLCTa^v, tot Kal tc5 kol rj Bujyrjatf: 8' 17 yjpLcreL eXarrov virripxe. C 599 TT/oo? toi^ Kv/Jiaiov iiiro tov ^OBvaaew^i Bia<TKva<rOelaa pikya p,(f>ai'v6i to BidaTrj/jLa to fJi'^pi T^? TToXew? diro tov vavaTdOp,ov*

TTpo

<P7)(tI

ypoirj Xo^ov y'jyo/jLV yap VTTo^d^' Xir)v yap vrjcov e^a? fjXOoficv.

0)9 06^ VTTO

TTOTepov

T Trjv KUTaaKOTrrjv Tri/jLTTOVTai yvcocrofievoi, fxevovai irapa V7]V(tIv diroiTpodev iroXv dveaTraafievoi tov oUeiov Tet^oi;?, ^k TToXivBe
eiri

hy^ dvax(t>p^o'ov<Ti. Kal 6 TloXvBdpa<i,

dfi^X pidXa <f>pd^aO, eyeoye daTvBe vvv Uvai,
d>r}atv, ^

<f>iXot'

KiXofiat ycLp

Ka<: b
6'

airo TiX^o<; ei^v-

irapaTidrjaL

o /\rifxr)Tpio<; Kal ttjv *A\e^avBpivr)v

ttjv

^KaTialav pdpTvpa^
72

(Tvyypdy^aaav

rrepl

Trj<i

'Ofi7jpov 'lXidBo<i, trvvdavofiivrfv, el irepl

t^v vvv

GEOGRAPHY,
a slight distance

13.

i.

36

away ; for it is near Sigeium, and the Scamander empties near it, at a distance of only twenty stadia from Ilium. But if one shall say that
the Harbour of Achaeans, as it is now called, is the Naval Station, he will be speaking of a place that is still closer, only about twelve stadia distant from the city, even if one includes the plain by the sea, because the whole of this plain is a deposit of tlie I mean the rivers plain by the sea in front of the so that, if the distance between the sea and city the city is now twelve stadia, it must have been no more than half as great at that time. Further, the feigned story told by Odysseus to Eumaeus clearly indicates that the distance from the Naval Station to the city is great, for after saying, "as when we led our ambush^ beneath the walls of " for we went very Troy," he adds a little below, And spies are sent forth to far from the ships." find whether the Trojans will stay by the ships " far

away," far separated from their own walls, "or will And Polydamas withdraw again to the city." ^ says, "on both sides, friends, bethink ye well, for I, on my own part, bid you now to go to the city ; Demetrius cites also afar from the walls are we." ^ Hestiaea of Alexandreia as a witness, a woman who wrote a work on Homer's Iliad and inquired whether
1

Odyssey 14. 469.

Iliad 10. 209.

Iliad 18. 254.

t6, before
. .

M,

a-vnirpoa-rtecU,
iir\ '
,

Groskurd inserts so the later editors. Meineke, for vvu irpoaTideis ; Leaf omits
;

irpoffriQiis

Kramer

conj.

ovk eS after irpoarideis.

7rpJ<rx/to Crvjxz, irp6x(^i^cL

other

MSS.
73

STRABO
iroXiv
7roX,6/i,09

Trehiov, o fxera^v
7roir)Tr)<i

crvviaTrj /cal^ to Tpcottcbv t^? 7r6\6a)9 kuI ttj<; OaXdrTrj^ ro fiev yap Trpo rrj^ vvv <l>pd^et,'
'irp6<T')((oixa

TToXew^ 6pQ)fMvop

ehai

tcov Trora^ayv

varepop
37.

yeyovot;.

"O

T6 UoXirrj^,
7roBcoKLr}(Ti, TreiroiOco^i,

09 Tpaxop aKoiro^; I^e,

TVfi^(p iir aKpoTcircfi Alav7]rao <yepovTO<i,

fiaTaio^i r^v. aTTO ^ TToXif

kol yap
civ

cl

eV

aKpordro),

op,ci><i

eaKoirevep, i^

/xL^ovo<i {jylrovi t^}? aKpoiroXeax; tcrou ax^Bop tl hia(ni)p,aro^, firj

Beo/xevo^ firjBep t^? 7roBa)KLa<; tov da<^aXov<; yapiv' 7rVT yap Bie^fi araBlovi 6 pup BeiKPvfiepof; rov AlavyJTov rd(f)o<; Kara ttjp 6^9 'AXe^dvBpeiap oBop. ovB* 7) tov "^KTopo^ Bk TrepiBpOfjLTj 7; irepL Ti)p TToXip ex^t Tt evXoyop, ov ydp
(TTi TrepiBpofiOfi
rj

pvv, Bih t7]p avpexrj pdxtP'

ixpo<i

ij

Bk

iraXaid ey^i
38.

7rpiBpop,i]P.
B'

OvBep

(rdi^erai

rfj<i

dpxat^a^

7ro\ea)9'

6tVoTCi)9*

KVKXtp
TavTT)*;

TToXecop,

dT ykp eKTreTropOrjfiipcop Ta>p ov TeXeax; Bk KaTCcnraap^ipwp,

6' K ^uOpoyp dpaTTpafjiixpri<;, 01 XlOoi irdpTC^ 19 TTjp eKeivcop apdXrjylnp uT1]PX^V^^p*ApxaidpaKTa yovp (^aat top MiTvXr^palop ck Tcjp exelOep XiOcop to 'Hiyetop Tix^a ai. tovto Bk KUTcaxoP fifP ^AOyjvalnt, ^^pvpwpa top 'OXvfi-

TrioiLKrjp

Trip.yjraPTe'i,

Aecr^lcop

iniBiKa^ofMepcop
tap
Brj

ax^Bop
*

Tl
Kol

T^9 avfindtrr)^ TpmdBo^f

Oroskurd
,

koI

After

ri,

Meineke indicates a
.
.

rh TpoiiKhv irtiioy

or itrrl, una, and Leaf omits altogether Caitpoy y*yov6$.

conj. irov
Ijk

inseris irov

Kramer

74

geography;

13. i.

36-38

the war took place round the present Ihum and the Trojan Plain, which latter the poet places between the city and the sea for, she says, the plain now to be seen in front of the present Ilium is a later deposit of the rivers.
;

'' who was wont to sit as a 37. Again, Polites, sentinel of the Trojans, trusting in his fleetness of foot, on the topmost part of the barrow of aged ^ was doing a foolish thing, for even Aesyetes," he sat on the topmost part of it, still he might though have kept watch from the much greater height of the

acropolis, at approximately tlie same distance, with no need of fleetness of foot for safety ; for the barrow of

Aesyetes now pointed out is five stadia distant on the road to Alexandreia. Neither is the ^' clear running "2 of Hector round the city easy to understand, space for the present Ilium has no " clear running space," on account of the ridge that joins it. The ancient city, " '* however, has a clear running space round it. and 38. But no trace of the ancient city survives naturally so, for while the cities all round it were sacked, but not completely destroyed, yet that city was so utterly demolished that all the stones were taken from it to rebuild the others. At any rate, Archaeanax of Mitylene is said to have built a wall round Sigeium with stones taken from there. Sigeium was seized by Athenians under Phrynon the Olympian victor, although the Lesbians laid claim to almost Most of the settlements in the whole of the Troad.
;

Iliad 2. 792.

gee iHad

2. 812.

*
&7r<J,

before

iro\-6,

Kramer and Leaf

insert

and Corals inserts a<^' before v\^ovs.

;

so

Meineke.

75

STRABO
Kricfiard elaiv at TrXela-Tai tcoi; KarovKiSiv, ai S' fxev arvfjL/JLvovaai kol vvv, at '^(f>avi(TfiuaL.

C 600

ritTTaACo?

8*

o MiTv\rjvaio<;,

\yofjLPO}Vy 7r\vaa<i

eVt top

eU r&v kina <TO<f>S)v ^pvvwva arparrfyov

Trda^cop
/ca/ca>?,

BieiroXefiei

reox?,

Siari6el^ kol

ore

Kot 'AX/cato? (^y^aip 6

Aca/cw?

7rot>;T;9,

kavrop

ep

rtpt dycovt
<f)vy6LP'

(^epofiepop

rh oirXa plyjraPTa

Xeyet Bk npof riva KtjpuKa, Ke\V(Ta<t dyyeTKat roifi ip olKcp, 'AX/tato? aoo^ "Apei PTa 3' t OVKVTOP dXrjKTOplp ? TXaVKCOTTOV UpOP dpeKpefiaaap 'Attikol,^ varepop 6' ex fiovofia^ tov ^pupoyvo^, dXiev^ta?, TTpoKaXeaa/jiipov TtKTjp dpaXaBfop aKcvrjp avpiBpafie, kol ry /jlp
dfi(f>i^X7]aTp(p irepii^aXe, rfj Toiaiprj Be kol tl p,epoPTo<t ^i(f)tBLQ) eireupe koI dpclXe.

t^
tov
viro

TToXifiov,
d/jL(f>olp

UpLapBpo<i

BiaLTrjTT)<;

alpedeU

eXvae top

ttoXc/jlop.

laTopovpTa

39. Tifuiiop Be yfreuaaadal (f>r)(xtp 6 ^rjfi'qTpio^, e/c t&p Xidcop tcop i^ 'I\toi HeplapBpop

eTTiTeLX^aai^ to 'Ax^XXetop Tot<? 'A^T/j/aiot?, ^otjdovPTa Tol<i irepX tliTTaKOP' iTnTL-)(ia6f]pai fiep ydp virh TOiP ^i,TvXr)pai(M)P top tottop tovtop Ttp 'StiyeCtp, ov firjp ck Xl6u>p toiovtcop, ovB' vtto tov
of Kramer, ejects Srt . . . 'AKkoIos 'AttikoI, from crSot to ia'9Kp*fjLcurav, has been so badly mutilated by the copyists that it is impossible to do more in a translation than to give the general senfie of it. For conjectural restorations see Kramer, C. Muller {ItuI. Var. Lect. p. 102o), and Bergk (Vol. III. Frag. 32 of Alcaeus), who reads tveaV olnvrhv a\r)KMeineke and roplf is yKavKuirhi' itphv hy iKpinaaav 'Arrucoi.
*

Meineke,

following conj.

*AttikoI.

The passage

Leaf omit the whole passage. * wpoKa\t(rafi4yov F, other MSS.

^

wpo<TKa\t<rafi4vov. iTirnxlffcu, Ck>rais, for ireptrtixitrai ; so the later editors.

76

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

38-39

the Troad belong, in fact, to the Lesbians, and some endure to this day, while others have disappeared. Pittacus of Mitylene, one of the Seven Wise Men, as they are called, sailed against Phrynon the ^ general and for a time carried on the war, but with

poor management and ill consequences. It was at time that the poet Alcaeus says that he himself, being sorely pressed in a certain battle, threw away his arms and fled. He addresses his story to a
this

certain herald, the people at

home that " Alcaeus is safe, but his arms have been hung up as an offering to Ares by the
Attic
later,

whom

he had bidden to report to

^ army in the temple of Athena Glaucopis." But on being challenged to single combat by Phrynon, he took up his fishing-tackle, ran to meet him, entangled him in his fishing net, and stabbed and slew him with trident and dagger. But since the war still went on, Periander was chosen by both sides as arbiter and ended it. 39. Demetrius says that Timaeus falsifies- when he

informs us that Periander fortified Achilleium against the Athenians with stones from Ilium, to help the army of Pittacus for this place, he says, was indeed fortified by the Mitylenaeans against Sigeium, though not with such stones as those, nor yet by Periander.
;

32) of Alcaeus' poem, addressed to Melanippus (see Herodotus 5. 95), is preserved. But the text has been so badly mutilated by the copyists that none of the conjectural restorations can with certainty be adopted ; and hence the translator can give only the general sense of the passage. However, the whole reference to Alcaeus appears to be merely a note that has crept into the text from the margin (see critical note).

The Athenian general. Only this fragment (Bergk

77

STRABO
TTO)? yap av aipcOrjvai SiairyTTjv IlepidpBpov. Tov TTpoairoXeixovvTa ; 'A;^tXXfo/' 3* iaTiv o TOTTO?, v (V TO 'A^tWeo)? fivij/xa, KaTOtKia fuxpa. KareafcaTTTai Se kuI to Xlyeiov viro twi/ ^Wia>v

yap rjv varepov t) AapBdvov, xal vvv vn to Be iraXaiov vno toU AloXevaiv iKLV0L<; earl, ^v TO, TrXelcTTa, (oare ^K(l)opo<i ovk okvcl iraaav AioXCBa. Tr)i> diro ^A^vBov /JLe)(pt Ku/xt;? xaXelv SovkvBlBt]^; Be (f)T](Tiv d^aLpeOrjvaL ttjv Tpolav
cfceiuoif;

arreidovv'

vir

irapaXia

ndaa

rj

fJie'^pi-

'

VTTO

AOrji'ttiaw

TOV?

WirvXijvaiovf;

iv

r(p

rieXoTrovvTjaiaKfp iroXe^Ko T(p na;^r;Tiy. 40. Aeyovai B' ol vvv 'iXtei? kol tovto, o)? ovBe TeXe&)9 't](^avta6ai. (Tvve^aivev ^ Ttjv ttoXiv

Kara

ruiv 'A^a/wi^, oi/5' i^ai yovv AoAfpt^c? TrapOivot, ^iKpov varepov dp^d/nevai, eVe/xTro^To kut* eTO<:. Kal ravTa 5' oi);j^ 'OfirjpiKd' ovtc yctp rrj^
ti^v
^

dXayaLv

viro

XL<f>d^]

ovBeTTure.

Kaa-dvBpa^ (f)Oopav olBev

napdevo';
7r<f)V
Tjv

''O/xrjpo^,

aW' on

fiev

vir'

cKetvov rov ^povov Xiyci'

09

yap ^OOpvovija, Ka^rjaoOev evBov iovra, pa veov TrroXcfioio /xeTa kX0<; elXrfXovdei.

Cl)F/ari<v: read avfiBovvruv instead of iiWfiQovv. mz, and Coniis, read (Tvvt0r) instead of <Tvv4&aivtv.
iit\fl<peTt,

4lriKfi<l)dr]

Corais,

for

4^f\it<peri

CDF,

i^ri\-fi<peri

hi,

rnoxz.

'

See
i.e.

13. 1. 4.

the campaign of Pachea, the Athenian general, who in 427 B.C. captured Mitylenfi (see Thucydides 3. 18-49). ' To appease the wrath of Athena, caused after the Trojan War by the sacrilege of AiM the Locrian in her temple (he

78

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

39-40

For how could the opponent of the Athenians have been chosen as arbiter ? Achilleium is the place where stands the monument of Achilles and is only a small settlement. Sigeium, also, has been rased to the ground by the Ilians, because of its disobedience for the whole of the coast as far as Dardanus was later subject to the Ilians and is now In ancient times the most of it subject to them. was subject to the Aeolians, so that Ephorus does not hesitate to apply the name Aeolis to the whole of the coast from Abydus to Cyme.^ Thucydides says that Troy was taken away from the Mitylenaeans by the Athenians in the Pachetian part^ of the Peloponnesian War.
;

40. The present Ilians further tell us that the city was, in fact, not completely wiped out at its capture by the Achaeans and that it was never even deserted. At any rate the Locrian maidens, beginning a little But this too is nonlater, were sent every year.^ Homeric, for Homer knows not of the violation of Cassandra, but he says that she was a maiden at about that time, "for he* slew Othryoneus, a

sojourner in Troy from Cabesus, who had but recently come, following after the rumour of war,^ and he
dragged Cassandra away from the altar of the Palladium), the Locrians were instructed by an oracle from Delphi to send to her temple (as temple slaves) at Ilium two maidens every year for a thousand years. It appears that the servitude of the maidens lasted for only one year, each pair being released at the end of the year when the next pair arrived, but that upon their return home they were forced to remain unmarried (see Leaf, Annual of the British School at Athens,

XXI,
*

pp. 148-154).
;

Idomeneus, son of Minos and King of Crete one of the bravest heroes of the war. * Or perhaps in quest of war's renown " (Leaf).
' '

79

STRABO
^T66 8k Upid/ioLO OvyaTpcbv eZ5o9 apiarrjv, KaaadpSprjVf dvdehvov
/Sla^

Be

ovBe
iv
Tj

fip.vr)Tai,
rfj

ovB'

on

rj

^doph rov
*A6rjpd<!

AtavTO<;
auve^Tj,

vavayla

Kara

fjirjviv

direxOa601 vofievov fiev rfj 'AOrjva /card ro kolvov etprjxev (a-rrduroiv yap et? to Upov dae^rjardvroiv, diraaiv ifiijvieu), diToXeadaL Be viro \loaeLBoivo<; fxeyard^ Be AoKplBa<i 7re/j.(f)drjvai, \opp'qp,ovrj(Tavra.
Tlepaojv
41.
ijBrj

Kara TOLavrrjv aWiav,

aX,X*

Ovrw

fJLv

Kparovvrcov, avve^-q, Brj Xiyouo'iv ol 'iXte??, "0/xrjpo<;

Be prjr&^ rov

d^aviapov

rrj^ rroXeco^ etprjKev'

ecrcrerai ^/xap,

^ yap
^ovXfj

orav iror oXwXrj "IXio^i Iprj. Kal Ylpid/xoio ttoXiv Bienepaap^v alir^p Kal p,v0OLcri,.

irepOero Be Upid/wio TroXt? BeKdrw eviavr^. Kal rd roiavra Be rov avrou ridevrai rcKfirfpta, olov, ori, rrjf; 'AOr)vd<i ro ^oavov vvv fiku ecrrjKO^

opdrai, "OfiTjpo^ Be KaOjjfxevov ep/^aivei' rreirXov

yap KeXevet
^

OelvaL AOT]vairf<; eVl yovvacnv*

(09

Kai,
fit]

TTOre yovvacTiv olcnv (f>^eaOai (f>iXop vlov.

ot/ro)?,
rj

^eXriop ydp
^

w?

rti-f?

Bexoprat dprl rov

ahrhp hrt(, instead of >) yip, is the reading in the Odyssey. The MSS., except moz, which omit fiov\p Kcd /xiBoivi, have tXirfp before these words.
*

Iliad 13. 363.

Homer mentions Cassandra

11. 422.

in

only two

other places, Iliad 24. 699 and Odyssey

8o

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

40-41

was asking Cassandra in marriage, the comeliest of the daughters of Priam, without gifts of wooing/'^ and yet he does not so much as mention any violation of her or say that the destruction of Aias in the shipwreck took place because of the wrath of Athena or any such cause instead, he speaks of Aias as " hated by Athena," ^ in accordance with her general hatred (for since they one and all committed sacrilege against her temple, she was angry at them that he was destroyed by Poseidon all), but says because of his boastful speech.^ But the fact is that the Locrian maidens were first sent when the
;

Persians were already in power.

states that the city
us, but Homer expressly was wiped out " The day shall " * and " surely come when sacred llios shall perish we have utterly destroyed the steep city of Priam," ^ " " and " by means of counsels and persuasiveness ;^ in the tenth year the city of Priam was destroyed." '

41.

So the

Ilians tell

And

forth

other such evidences of the same thing are set for example, that the wooden image of Athena now to be seen stands upright, whereas Homer clearly indicates that it was sitting, for orders are " " " " put the robe upon Athena's knees given to "that never should there sit upon his (compare knees a dear child ").^ For it is better to interpret
;

it ^^ in this
'

way

than, as

some

do, to interpret
Odyssey Odyssey
4.
3.

it

as

Odyssey
Iliad
6.

4.

502. 448.

600

flf.

"

130.

This phrase is not found in the Eiad or Odyssey, but once before (1. 2. 4) Strabo has ascribed it to Homer (see critical
note).
'

Iliad 12. 15.

Iliad

6. 92,

273.

Eiad

9.

455.

the Greek preposition iiri, which more naturally means " upon " rather than "beside."

^^ i.e.

81

STRABO
TTapa

ToU

yovacn, delvai, TrapariOevTe^ to

17

5' rjarai, iir

iaxaprj iv irvpcxt avyrj

avTL Tov Trap e(rx(^pjj- T't? yap av voTjOelrj ireirXov avadeai^ irapa Toi<i yovacn ; koI 01 rrjv irpoatphiav 5e 8iaaTp6<f)OVT<i, yovvda-iv, 0)9 Ovidaiv, oiroTepCDf;

av Se^wvTai, air e pain oXoyovaiv,

T ^peva<;^

i6'

iKerevovrh
*AOi]vd<i iv

iroWa

Be

rwv dpy^aiwv
BeUpvrai,
'Pco/jltj,

rr]<;

^odvwv
^coKaia,
7r\Loatv.

KaOijpeva

KaOd-nep

MacraaXla,

Xl^,

dWai^

OfioXoyouac Be Kal ol veooTepoi tov d<f)aviapbv t^9 7ro\a)9, a)v iarl xai AvKovpyo^ 6 yap Trjf; 'IXiaov ttoXco)? pi'iTcop' /jLV7}a-0el<i
4>rjal'
rL<;

ovk

aKjJKoev,
Be
rov<;

o)?

("nra^

vtto
;

twv

EjWiJvo)v KareaKa^dr}, docKrjroi' ovaav

42. EtVafoi/o-t

varepov

dvaKTiaai

Btavoovpvov<; olcovLaaaOai tov tottov ixeivov, eiT Bl^ Ta<? crvpcfyopdf;, etre /cai KaTapaaa/xevov ^ tov Ayap/xvovo<; KaTCL iraXaiov e^o? {Kaddrrep Kal 6 KpoLao<; e^eXwv tt)v XiBtji'T]!', ct? t^v 6
Tvpavvo<; Karet^vye VXavKia<;, dpa^ eOeTO KaTh TMv Teixt^ovvTcov TrdXiv TOV ToTTov), eKeivov jikv
TrpcoToi

GUV dTroa-TfjvaL tov yoipiov, erepov B^ TeL\i<Tai. Ao-TfTraXatet? ot to ^PoiTetov fxev ovv

avvojKLcrav KaTa<j\ovTe^ irpof; t^ 'Ei/xoevTi UoXiov, o vvv KaXeiTai TloXiafia, ovk iv evepKcl

The words tlB' UfTfvovTts t Meineke emends to etO' iKtrftat

'
!

<ppiyas are unintelligible. ipfi-nptvotn-ts fr* ipp4yas ;

Leaf translates (with a question ninrk) "whether as supJones conj. that the words ^irl (or iv) rrj pliants or mind" ("in the ashes"), referring to in* iffx^PV* re hidden -^i<ppq. in T tppivas.

83

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

41-42

meaning "to put the robe 'beside' her knees/' " comparing the words and she sits upon the hearth in the light of the fire," which they take to mean
'^

beside" the hearth. For how could one conceive of the dedication of a robe "beside" the knees?

Moreover, accenting

changing the accent on yoiWo-tv,^ whichever of .* two ways they interpret it), talk on endlessly. There are to be seen many of the ancient wooden
others,,
it ^ (in yovvdartv,^ like Ovidcnv
. .

images of Athena in a sitting posture, as, for example, in Phocaea, Massalia, Rome, Chios, and several other Also the more recent writers agree that places. the city was wiped out, among whom is the orator Lycurgus,^ who, in mentioning the city of the Ilians, " Who has not heard that once for all it was says rased to the ground by the Greeks, and is unin:

habited
42.

"

surmised that those who later thought of refounding the city regarded that site as ill-omened, either on account of its misfortune or also because, in accordance with an ancient custom, a curse had
It is

been

as Croesus, Sidene, whither the tyrant Glaucias had fled for refuge, put a curse on any persons who should re-fortify the site ; and that they therefore avoided that place and fortified Now the Astypalaeans who held possession another. of Rhoeteium were the first to settle Polium, now called Polisma, on the Simoeis River, but not on a
laid

upon

it

by Agamemnon, just

after

he

destroyed

1 *

"Knees."

They obviously took yovvdffiv, if there ever was such a word, to mean "female suppliants." * ^ "Maenads." See critical note.
*

Against Leocrates, 62.

83

STRABO
TOTTft)'

Blo
rj

Avhwv
fjLrjV

irrl Se r&v KaTeairdaOf) Ta;j^e&)9. vvv iKTiaOrj KUTOiKia koI to lepov' ov

C 602 KaX Kar

TroWot? XP^^^^^ varepov, riv, oXlyov, w? eiprjTat, Tr)v av^rjaiv eax^v. 'Kk\dviKo<; he %a/9t^o/ii^o9 rol^ 'Wievaiv, olo<i CKctvov dvjJLo^} (TVPTjyopel TO rT]v avrrjv elvac ttoXlv rr)V vvv rfj totc. ttjv Be %ct)pai/, d<f)avtaOeiarjf; t^9 TroXect)?, ol to ^tyetov xal to 'VoiTeiov exovTd BieveifiavTO koI twv aWcov w? eKua-TOi
TToXt? 76

aWa

TO)v irXrjGioxd^pwv, aTrehoaav 5' dvoiKiadeiaij^. 43. TIoXviTLBaKou Be ttjv "IBtjv IBlco^ otovrai

XeyeaduL Bia to 7rX7)6o<i twv e^ auT^V peovTtov TTOTafMcov, KaO^ a fidXiaTa rj AapBaviKrj uttottcTTTWKev avTT} Kai fJLexpi' XK^yjretof; Kal tA frepl B^ "iXtov. tcov tottcov, o)? Av a)v e/JLTreipo';
7nxa)pio<i
av7)p,

Xeyei rrepl

avTwv

ot/TO)? Arjp,i]Tpio<; totc fiev ecrrt yap X6(f)0<; t<9 tt}? "IBtj^
5'

KoTuXo?*

vTrepKCiTat,

ovto<;

exaTov ttov koI

eiKoai (TTaBlov^ "ZKjjyjreco';, ef ov t ^KdfiavBpo<: pel Kal 6 VpdviKO'i KaX Atarjirof;, ol fiev 7rpo9 dpKTOV Kal Tr}v UporrovTlBa, k TrXeiovcov Tnjyayv (TvXXei^ofievoL,
TTfjyTJ^'

6 Be ^KdfiavBpo<; eVl Bvaiv k fud^ irdaai B'' dXXriXai<i nXijaid^ovaiv, iv etKoai aTaBiCDv Trepiexop-evai BiaaTt]fiaTi' irXelaTov S' d(f)aT7]KV avb t% dpx^j'i to tov Aiaijirov Te\o9, axcBov tl Kal irevTaKoaiov^i aTuBiov^.
fraxi
^
(f>rj(riv

Trapex^i Be Xoyov^
*

6 7rot;T/9*

evfi6s,
'

Xylander, for
;

iry,

Corais, for j

so the later editors. fivOos so the later editors.

;

i.e.

of Ilium.

MS.

1.

26.

84

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

42-43

well-protected site; and therefore it was soon demolished. It was in the time of the Lydians that the present settlement^ was founded, as also the It was not a city, however, and it was temple.

only after many ages, and gradually, as I have said,^ that it increased. But Hellanicus, to gratify the ^ Ilians, "such is the spirit of that man," agrees with them that the present Ilium is the same as the When the city was wiped out, its territory ancient. was divided up between the inhabitants of Sigeium and Rhoeteium and several other neighbouring
peoples, but the territory was given back when the place was refounded. " 43. The epithet " many-fountained * is thought to be especially applied to Mt. Ida because of the great number of rivers that flow from it, particularly in those parts below it where lie the territory of Dardanus even as far as Scepsis and the region of Ilium. Demetrius, who as a native was acquainted

with the topography of the country, says in one place as follows : There is a hill of Ida called Cotylus ; and this hill lies about one hundred and twenty stadia above Scepsis; and from it flow the

Scamander, the Granicus, and the Aesepus, the two latter flowing towards the north and the Propontis and constituting a collection of streams from several sources, while the Scamander flows towards the west from only one source ; and all the sources lie close
together, being comprised within a distance of twenty stadia ; but the end of the Aesepus stands farthest

away from
stadia.

its

But

it is

means when

beginning, approximately five hundred a matter of argument what the poet he says " And they came to the two
:

A quotation from Iliad 15.

94.

* Cf. 13. 1. 5.

S5

STRABO
Kpovvat S* ixavov KaXtppoo), evOa Be "mjyaC Boial dvatcraovai %Ka/j,dvBpov Sivrjevros'
rj

fiev

yap

6'

vBari Xiapw
Be'

peet,

eajL Oep/xo)' iirKpepeL

afKJH Be KllTTPOft

yiyveraL e^ avri)^, wael

r)

ttu/oo?.

3'

erepi) depei irpopeei eiKvla

^aXd^rj

rj

xiovi ylrvxpV'

ovre yap dep/xa vvv ev rw tottw evpla-Kerai, ovO^ rj Tov ^KafjidvBpov irriyt) evravda, dW' ev r^ oper Koi pia, a\X,' ov Bvo. ra pkv ovv depixa ekXe^ Xel<pOaL ecKOf;, to Be y^vxpov Kara BidBoaiv uireKpeov ck tov ^Kap,dvBpov /card tout dvareXXeiv TO ;^a)/3toi^, rj Koi Bid to TrXyalov elvai tov "^KapdvBpov Kol TOVTO TO vBoip Xeyeadai tov
TTijyai

XKap,dvBpov Trrjyyjv ovto) yap XeyovTUt TrXetow? TOV avTOv TroTUfiov. 44. ^VflTTLTTTeL 5' 64? UVTOV 6 "AvBipO^ dlTO TIJS
Kaprjarjvijf;, 6pivrj<i tivo^ iroXXah Kd}fxai<; avvotKovp^evr)<i fcal yecopyovp,V>]<i KaXax;, TrapaKCifiivrj^i

TT)

^apBavLKTJ

P'CXpi'

Twv

irepl

VjeXeiai'

xal

YliTveiav * TOTTCOV. ci)vopd<T0ai, Be Tr)v x^P^^ <f)aaip diTo TOV Kapijaov iroTapLov, ov (ovop^axev 6
7roLT)Ti]<;'

'P?;o"69 6' 'EiTTTd'Tropo'; tc Kdprjao^i tc 'Po5to9 T.

TT)V

Bk

TToXiv

KaTeaTrdcrOat

tijv

Ofiayvvfiov

t^

TrdXiv S' outo? d>r)(Tiv' 6 fiev 'P/Jco? TToTa^of vvv KuXeiTai 'PoetT?;?, el firj dpa 6 ft? TOV rpdviKOV p./3dXX(i)V 'Pr}<ro9 eaTtv. 'EiTTdTTOTUfio).

For

StdSofftv (all

MSS. and

Euatathius), Coraia,

Meineke

86

GEOGRAPHY,
fair-flowing streams,

13.

i.

43-44

where well up the two springs

;

for the one flows with soft with "hot water"), and the poet adds, "and rou nd about a smoke arises from it as if from a blazing fire, whereas the other even in summer flows forth cold as hail or chill snow," But, in the first place, no hot waters are now to be found at the site,^ and, secondly, the source of the Scamander is not to be found there, but in the mountain; and it has It is reasonable to suponly one source, not two. pose, therefore, that the hot spring has given out, and that the cold one is evacuated from the Scamander through an underground passage and rises to the surface here, or else that because of the nearness of the Scamander this water is called a source of the

of eddying Scamander

water "^ (that

is,

Scamander for people are wont to ascribe several sources to one and the same river in this way.
;

44. The Scamander is joined by the Andirus, which flows from Caresene, a mountainous country settled with many villages and beautifully cultivated it extends alongside Dardania as far as the It is said that the regions of Zeleia and Pityeia. country was named after the Caresus River, which is named by the poet, " Rhesus, Heptaporus, Caresus, and Rhodius," ^ and that the city of the same name as the river was torn down. Again, Demetrius says " The Rhesus River is now called as follows Rhoeites, unless it be that the river which empties
;
:

into the Granicus

1

is

the Rhesus.
* i.e. of

The Heptaporus,

Iliad 22. 147.

Troy.

Iliad

12. 20.

and Leaf, from conj. of Xylander, read SiiSvaiy but the emendation is unnecessary. so the later editors. UiriLiciav, Xylander, for Tlnvlav
;

87

STRABO
C 603
'^opo<t
5^,

8ial3aiv6/jiVO<;
')(wpi(i)v

hv Koi UoXvTTopov Xeyovariv, eTrraKt^ k twv irepi rrjv KaXrjp TlevKrjv iirl iovai xal to MeXaLvcLff /ccofj,rjv

'AaK\rj7rLiov, iSpufia Avaifidxov, irepX he t^? " Ka\^9 YlevKT}^; ArroKo^ 6 irp&ro^ ^aaCkevaaf;

ovTco^

ypd(f)L' TTjv fiev irepi^ieTpov (ftrjat TToBcov reTTiipcov kol eiKoai, ro Be v-dro^; diro p^v
pL^r]f;
el<i

elvai

dvUvai

iirl

e^rjKOVTa Koi kirra iroSat;, elr*

rpLa a^L^op,vrjv laov aXXi]\(ov BUxopra, elra irdXiv a-vvayop,Pr)v et? piav Kopvi^rjv, diroreXovaav TO ^ irdv v\fro<; Bvciv irXedpoiv kol irevTeKalBcKa 7rrj)(^(ov' 'ABpap-vrrlov Be Btexci "rrpoft dpKrov eKarov koX oyBorjKovra araBiov^. Kdprjcro^ S' aTTO M.aXovvTO<; pel, tottov Tivo<i Keip,evou /xrra^u koX HaXaiaKrjylrecof; t^9 Tcre^twi/ K')(auov 'Po5to<? irepaia^;' ifi/SdXXeL B^ 619 top Aiayjirov. Bk aTTO KXeavBpLa^; kul TopBov, & Biexei t?;<?
^

KaXrj(; HevKt)^ e^rjKOvra (XTaBiov<i'

t9

efx^dXXet

B*

TOP AlPlOP.^
45.

Tov

6'

avXcdPOff tov frepl top Aiarj'rrop ip

pvaecof;

'

avTov TrpcjTOP ecTi IT oXi^va, eiT* TCtx^pe? ^(oplop, eW^ 7) JlaXaL(TKr)yln>i, ^AXa^oPiop, TOUT yjBrj TreirXaa-p.epov Trpo? ttjp t<op AXi^(opQ>p vTTodeaip, irepl wp eLptjfcap,P' elTa K.dpT}cro<i epriprj koX 77 KaprjarjPT) xal 6fUt)Pvp,o^ TTora/Lto?, TTOLOiP Kal avTo^ avXaypa d^ioXoyop, iXdTTO) Be TOV ire pi top AiarjTrop. to. S' ^<f rjBrj TCL Trj<t ZeXelaf eVrl ireBia koX opoTreBia KaXa)^
dpiGTepa T^9
*

iviUat, Mcineke iay G, tus moz.

'

and Leaf, following

i,

for

idf

Vgh^

Instead of t6, CDFAt read t<Jt#. For Mvioy Kramer conj. Atcrvnov.

88

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

44-45

also called Polyporus, is crossed

seven times by one travelling from the region of the Beautiful Pine to the village called Melaenae and the Asclepieium that was founded by Lysimachus. Concerning the Beautiful Pine, King Attains the First writes as " Its circumference is follows twenty-four feet ; and its trunk rises to a height of sixty-seven feet from the root and then splits into three forks equidistant from one another, and then contracts again into one head, thus completing a total height of two ^ It is one hundred and plethra and fifteen cubits." stadia distant from Adramyttium, to the eighty north of it. The Caresus flows from Mains, a place situated between Palaescepsis and the Achaeium, the part of the mainland that belongs to the TeneThe dians;^ and it empties into the Aesepus. Rhodius flows from Cleandria and Gordus, which are sixty stadia distant from the Beautiful Pine ; and it empties into the Aenius.^ 45. In the dale of the Aesepus, on the left of the stream, one comes first to Polichna, a place enclosed and then to Palaescepsis and then to by walls Alizonium (this last name having been fabricated * to support the hypothesis about the Halizones, whom I have already discussed);^ and then to Caresus, which is deserted, and Caresene, and the river of the same name,^ which also forms a notable dale, though smaller than that of the Aesepus and next follow the plains and plateaux of Zeleia,
:

* See end of 32. About 225 feet. "Aenius" appears to be an error for "Aesepus," Kramer. See Leaf, p. 207. suggested by * 12. 3. 20-27. i.e. by Demetrius. ^ The Caresus, of course.
1

as

>

VOL.

VI.

STRABO
yecopyovfieva' iv 8efm he rod Alanjirov /jLera^v ^ Kw^rj YloXi^^^va^ re koI UaXaicrK^yjreax; t) Nea KOI Apyvpia,^ koX tovto ttoXlv irXdcrpu^ irp6<;
^

Tr)v avrrjv virodeaiv, o-nw'i acoOelrj

to

oOev dpyvpov iarl yeveOXij,

17

ovv 'AXv^rj TTOV,

;

rf

^AXottt)

rj

07ra>9

irapovo/j.d^eiv

ixPV^

y^P

^^^^

tovto
fijj

TrapaTpLyjra/jLevov^ to /jLerwTrou Koi

fcal eroifiov 7rp6<;

/SovXovrat irXdaai )((oX6p idv

eXey^ov dira^ 178?; diroTeToXfjirjTavTa /xev ovv evaTaaiv e_^et ToiavTtjv, KOTat;. TaXXa Be vTroXafx^dvop,ev rj rd ye frXeLOTa, Betv
,

7rpo<7-)(^eiv* o)?

dvBpl i/nrelpw kol evTOTritp, <f>povTi(Tavri re Toaovrov irepl tovtcov, wcrTe TpidKovTa

jSi/SXov^ avyypdyfraL CTLXfov ^jjy7)<Tii/ p-iKptp irXeioixov e^tJKOVTa, tov KciTaXoyov Ttav Tpdxov.
S' ovv Tr)V IlaXaiaKT)ylnv Trj<; p.ev Atrea?' Btex^iv Trevr/jKovra araBlovi, tov Be iroTafxov tov AlcrriiTov rpidKovra, utto Be t/)? UaXaiaKfjyfreo)^ ravryf; Biarelvai ttjv 6 p.(ovv fiiav Koi ei^t dXXov^ 7r\eiov<{ tottov^. eirdvifiev Be eVl TT)t> irapaXlap,
(f)7]al

odevnep

direXi-noixev.

C 601

46. "EcTTt Brj^ fieTCL ttjv ^lyeidBa

'A^^tWetoi*

77

dxpav koX to TeveBlmv Trepala, to ^Axaiiov, kou

* N^o appears to be an error for kivia, and Leaf so reads. This appears to be the same village mentioiieil in the same paragiaph below (Aaeos) and in 12. 3. 23 ('EWaK Kw^nv). ' '\pyvpla, Corais, for kpyvptta oxz, apyvpia other MSS. * After ir A fl((r^a, F adds rdyfiara i^-) 1)^10, CDAi rdyfxara tA ipyvpia, TaKTfov tA ipyvtJtia, x To>fTor. * Professor Capns rightly suspects that avr^, or Artnijrplif, has fallen out of the M8S before xpoaixtiv. ' Instead of AiVf'as, CFA rad Klvtlas, z Seijs ; Meineke reads N^aj.

90

GEOGRAPHY,
the Aesepus^ between

13.

i.

45-46

On the right of Polichna and Palaescepsis, one comes to Nea ^ Come and Argyria,^ and this again is a name fabricated to support the same hypothesis, in order to save the words, "where is the ^ Now where is Alyb6, or Alope, birthplace of silver." or however they wish to alter the spelling of the name ? * For having once made their bold venture, ^ they should have rubbed their faces and fabricated this name too, instead of leaving it lame and readily Now these things are open subject to detection. to objections of this kind, but, in the case of the others, or at least most of them, I take it for granted that we must give heed to him as a man who was acquainted with the region and a native of it, who gave enough thought to this subject to write thirty books of commentary on a little more than sixty lines of Homer, that is, on the Catalogue of the Trojans.'^ He says, at any rate, that Palaescepsis is fifty stadia distant from xAenea and thirty from the Aesepus River, and that from this Palaescepsis the same name was extended to several other sites. But I shall return to the coast at the point where I left off. 46 After the Sigeian Promontory and the Achilleium one comes to the Achaeium, the part of the
which are beautifully cultivated.
1

Leaf emends "

Silvertown.

Nea" ("New")

to

" Aenea"

(see critical

note).
2 *

Iliad 2. 856.

See
i.e.

12. 3. 21.

to

make them red and thus

of Scepsis.
*

conceal their blushes of

shame.
^ '

i.e.

Demetrius
2.

Iliad

816-877.
*
hi],

Old Scepsis.
so Meineke.

Corais, for

5'

91

STRABO
avrrj f} Tei^cSo?, ov irXeiov^ ra>v <TTaBl(ov Bt-)(^ovaa t^9 rfireipov
irepifierpov

rerTapaKOvra

e^

hk

ttjv

oaov oyhorjKovra aTaBlcov kuI ttoXiv AloXiSa /cat \ip,eva<s Svo koI lepov tov ^fitvOecof;
iroLtjrrj^;
Z</>t

'AttoWcdz/o?, Kaddirep kol 6

fxaprvpcl'

TeveBoLo re
X/jLipdev.

dvd<T<Ti^,

7rpLKLTai S* avrfj vqaia ttWcd, koI Btj koI Bvo, h KaXovai Ka\vBva<:, Keip-eva^ Kara tov iwl Xcktov

ttXovv koX avrijv 8e ttju TeveSov KdXvBpdv ripe^i eliTov, dXXoL he AevKOt^pvv} /jLvdevovai S' iv avTTJ ra irepl top Tepprjp, a<^' ov koI Touvofia ttj ra irepX top \\vfcvov, Hpd/ca to ycpo^:, prj(T<p, Kol irarepa S\ w? TiP<i, tov Tcppov, QaatXia Be
Bk T^ ^Kxadqi (Tvpe^h^ V "^^ Adpiaa KoX K-oXtopai, rri<i^ iLeveBltop irepala^ ovaai irporepop, Kal r) vvp ^pvaa, e<^' v'^ov<; ripo^ irerpdiBovq
'

KoXwpMP. 47. 'Hv

virep

TTj<;

6aXdTTr)<;

lBpv/j,prj,

Koi

rj

Afxa^ir6<;
77

17

T^ AcKT^

viroKei/xeprj <TVP)(ij<i'

pvp

5'

'A\efaV-

Bpeia avpexv'^ ean Tq> ^A)(ciu^' to. Be TroXiafxaTa eKelva <Jvv(pKiap.epa ruyx^dvei, KaOdirep Koi dXXa

AXe^dvBpeiap. cjp Kal Ke^prjPt} Kal NeapBpla eVrt, Kal tt)p X^P^^ e\ovaiv eKelvof o Be totto?, cV u> pvp Kelrai 17 'AXe^dpBpeia, Siyla eKaXelro. 48. 'Ei/ B^ rfi Xpvarj ravrrj Kal to tov
et? rrjv
^

irXeia)

twp ^povpiwp,

After AtvKo^pvy, moz add

tM

8i

icol

trrpa

rtiffla

irtpi

After TTJi there is a lacuna in DFA of about ten letters followed by Has ol<rai ktA. Corais writca T<'f8a>; but
'

93

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

46-48
;

mainland that belongs to the Tenedians ^ and to Tenedos itself, which is not more than forty stadia distant from the mainland. It is about eighty stadia in circumference, and has an Aeolian city and two harbours and a temple of Sminthian Apollo, as the poet testifies ''And dost rule mightily over Tenedos, O Sminthian." 2 Round it lie several small islands, in particular two, which are called the Calydnae and And some are situated on the voyage to Lectum. give the name Calydna to Tenedos itself, while In it is laid the scene of others call it Leucophrys. the myth of Tennes,^ after whom the island was named, as also that of Cycnus, a Thracian by birth
:

and, according to some, father of Tennes and king of Colonae.* 47. Both Larisa and Colonae used to be adjacent to the Achaeium, formerly being on the part of the mainland that belonged to the Tenedians ; and then one comes to the present Chrysa, which was founded on a rocky height above the sea, and to Hamaxitus, which lies below Lectum and adjacent to it. At the present time Alexandreia is adjacent to the Achaeium ; and those other towns, like several others of the strongholds, have been incorporated with Alexandreia, among them Cebrene and Neandria ; and Alexandreia holds their territory. But the site on which Alexandreia now lies used
to
l;e

called Sigia.
is

48. In this Chrysa

1

also the

temple of Sminthian
2

See end of

32.

Iliad

1.

38.

* *

For

myth, see Pausanias 10. 14. 1. On the myth of Cycnus, see Leaf, p. 219.
this
Trepo/aj,

Kramer, Meineke, and Leaf write Tei^eSfwy vincing conjecture of Groskurd.

the con-

93

STRABO
"^/jLivdeco^i

'AttoXXwi^o? iarLV Upov Koi to avfifSoXov ro TT]v irvfiorrjTa rov ovofxaTOf crw^ov, 6

VTT oKeirat, rfo irohl rov ^odvov. ^Koira 5' iarlv epya'^ rov tlapiov avvoiKeiovai Bk Kal rrjv iaropLav etre p,v6ov rovrcp rSt tottw ri]v irepX tS>v TOt? yap ck t^? K/d?;t7;? d(f>Ly/xivoi<i fivcov.
fMV<;,

TVKpoi<i (ov<;
eXeyela^;
')(^pr)cr p.0^

7r/Dft)T09

TrapiScoKC

KaWiuot
Be
p.ovi']v,

tt}<?

7rot?;T7;?,
rfv,

rjKoXovOrjcrap

ttoWoI)
oirov
5e

avToOi TToiijaaaOaL ryu

avrol^i

dv

oi

yr}yevL<i

eTTiOoivraf
'

av/j.^rji'ai

toOt' avroif <^aa\ irepl Afxa^irov vvKTcop yap TToXv TrXrjdo^ dpovpaicov fivwv i^avOijcrav him^ayelp oaa aKVTLva tcov re ottXcop koI tcov ')(pt}<ttt)plq)P' Toi'9 8e aiiToOi iielvar Tovrovt Be teal rrjv "'IBrjp H paKXlBr)<; aTTo tt)? V KptJTT} 7T poaovofidaai.^ B' 6 n.ovTLKo<i irXt-jd vovT d^ ff>t)(TL Tou? /iua? Trepl TO iepov vofiLaOrjvai re iepov<i Koi to ^oavov ovtcd KaTaaKevaaOrjvat ^e^riKO^ eVi t^ /jlv'i. dX7<X)t 5' K T/}? 'ATTf/C7}9 d<^l-)(dai Tiva TevKpov (f)aaiv k Brjfiov Tpdycov, o? vvv oi HfTrGTewfe?^ XeycTai, tt}? TVKpov<} Bk fxr)Beva<; iXOelv ifc t^? KpiJTr)<;.
'

Tou? *Attikov<; eTrnrXoKTJf; tcov Tpoioyv Kal to Trap* dfx<f)OTpoL<i *E/3tXeyovcri )(66vi6v Tiva yeviadaL twv dp^rfyerMv.^ fiev ovv ovTa)<i oi vecoTepoiy toI<; 8' 'Ofxrjpov fidXXov C60b eneai avp-^tovel tcl ev tm ^i]^i)<i TreBitp KaX ttj avToOi Xpi/arj IBpv/xevT} ttot^ BeiKvvfieva ix^
Be 7rp6<i

TiSeaaL

arrjfxeiov

Instead of (pya, Euatathius reads fpyov ; so Leaf. Instead of Trpoaovofitiffai, moz and Eustathius read irapovotlie editors before Kramer, KaTovoixdaai, udffai
*

'SvwfTfdiyfs, Meineke, Tzsohucke and Corals.

01

for

i^vwtrtuy

avxtrtwy,

94

GEOGRAPHY,
;

13. i.

48

and the symbol which preserves the Apollo etymology of the name/ 1 mean the mouse^ lies beneath the foot of his image. These are the works of Scopas of Paros and also the history, or myth, about the mice is associated with this place When the Teucrians arrived from Crete (Callinus the elegiac poet was the first to hand down an account of these people, and many have followed him), they had an oracle which bade them to '^stay on the " spot where the earth-born should attack them and, he says, the attack took place round Hamaxitus, for by night a great multitude of field-mice swarmed out of the ground and ate up all the leather in their arms and equipment and the Teucrians remained there and it was they who gave its name to Mt. Ida, naming it after the mountain in Crete. Heracleides of Pontus says that the mice which swarmed round the temple were regarded as sacred, and that for this reason the image was designed with its foot upon the mouse. Others say that a certain Teucer came from the deme of Troes, now called Xypeteones, in Attica, but that no Teucrians came from Crete. As a further sign of the close re; :

lationship of the Trojans with the people of Attica they record the fact that Erich thonius was one Now this of the original founders in both tribes. is the account of the more recent writers but more in agreement with Homer are the traces to be seen in the plain of Theb^ and in the Chrysa which was once founded there, which I shall soon
;

Sminthian means "Mouse-god."

Instead of rwy apxvy^Toip moz read apxnyir-qv.

95

STRABO
irepl

wv avTLKa

ipovfiev.

noWa^ov
KOL
ttj

B*

ia-rl

to

rov ^fiLvOiofi ovofia' kol yap irepl avrrjv tt)v 'Afia^iTOV ^w/j't? Tov Kara to iepov 'l^fiivdiov 8vo
TOTTOL

KaXoVVTai %/XLvOia'
Aapia-aia'
/ecu

dWot

5'

T^

Tlapiavr} 5' cVrt TCL ^fiLvOia KaXovfievou kol iv 'Vohrp xai ')((t}piov ev AIp8<p Koi aXXoOi Be jroXXaxov-^ koXovcti Be
TrXrja-LOv

ev

vvv
*

TO

AXr}(Tiov

x^'^P'-^ yovv kuI to iepov X/JilvOiov. " ireBiov ov /xeya evTOf ^ tov AexTov koi

TO Tpayaa-aiov dXoTTijyiov avTOfiaTov rot?

eirl Be 7rrfyvvp,vov tt/jo? 'A/xa^iTa. ^co/jLOf TOiv BayBeKa Oecov BeuKvuTai,
^

eTrjaiaLfi tu) Acktoo

KaXovai

ev eTroyjrei Be T<p 'iXto) eVrl TO. xcopla TUVTa, a)9 ev BiaKoaloK: (TTaBloi^ rf " /xiKpo) TrXeloatv ct)9 S' avro)? Kal to, irepX A^vBov
Ayafifivovo<i
iBpv/ia'

K OaTepov
"A/SuSo?.
49.

p,epov<i,

fiixpov B' o/x&x? eyyvrepeo

i)

KdfMyjravTi

Be

to

Acktov iXXoyi/JLWTaTai
'ABpa/j,VTTt]v6<: acoXtto?

TToXeif; Tcov

AloXecov

/cat 6

iKBex^Tai, iv oS T0v<i TrXeiof? t(ov Ae\e7wj/ kutoiKi^COV 6 TTOITJTT)^ (^aivTat, KoX TOU? Kt\t^a9, BiTTov<i 6vTa<i. evTovOa Be koI 6 tcov MiTvXr)valo)v eaTiv alyLaX6<t, fcco/xa't Tivd^; e\(t)v t(ov * xaTO, Trjv
ipreipov twv \\iTvXT}vaicov, KOL 'IBalov Xeyovaiv i)

tov Be auTOV koXttov

yap

diro

tov Acktov

dvaTcivovaa Trpot TMV TrpCOTOiV TOV KoXlTOV

paxt-^i
TOv<{
^

tt)v "IBrjv,
p,pOiV'

vTrepKeiTui V ol? TTpcOTOV

Ae\eya<; lBpvfxevov<; 6

7roir]T7j<: TreiroiyjKev.
.
. .

Leaf omits the words KaKovai

yovy,

and indicates a

lacuna.
*
''

'AX^crjov K and the editors, 'AKiaiov DCFfix, 'AKvaiov moz. so the later editors. ivr6s, Tyrwhitt. for iv rois
;

riiv,

before Kori., hi. Corals and Leaf omit.

96

GEOGRAPHY,
discuss.

13.

i.

48-49

places, for

of Smintheus is used in many the neighbourhood of Hamaxitus itself, apart from the Sminthium at the temple, there are two places called Sminthia and there are others in the neighbouring territory of Larisa. And also in the territory of Parium there is a
in
;

The name

place called

Sminthia, as also in Rhodes and

in

Lindus and in many other places. And they now call the temple Sminthium. Apart, at any rate,^ lie
both the Halesian Plain, of no great
size,

and inland

from Lectum, and the Tragasaean salt-pan near Hamaxitus, where salt is naturally caused to conOn Lectum is to be geal by the Etesian winds seen an altar of the twelve gods, said to have been founded by Agamemnon. These places are all in sight of Ilium, at a distance of about two hundred

and the same is the case stadia or a little more with the places round Abydus on the other side, although Abydus is a little closer. 49. On doubling Lectum one comes next to the most notable cities of the Aeolians, and to the Gulf of Adramyttium, on which the poet obviously places the majority of the Leleges, as also the Cilicians, who were twofold.^ Here too is the shore-land of the Mitylenaeans, with certain villages^ belontjing to the Mitylenaeans who live on the mainland. The same gulf is also called the Idaean Gulf, for the ridge which extends from Lectum to Mt. Ida lies above the first part of tlie gulf, where the poet represents the Leleges as first settled.*
;

*
2 *

The Greek

for these four words seems to be corrupt. See 13. 1. 7, 60. Coryphantis and Heracleia are named in 51.

Iliad 10. 429.

97
2

STRABO
50. l^tprjraL Sk irepl avrcov xal irporepov Kai vvv hk 7rpo(T\T)7rTOV, OTL Hi)8aa6u Tiva \eyei TTokiv avT&v vnro "AXttj rerayp,evr]V'^

"AXreo),

h<i

AeXeyeaat (fnXoTrroXefioiaiv dvda-

UijBaa-ov alinjeaaav

eywv

iirX

'^arvioevTi.

Kol vvv 6 TOTTo? heiKwrai t)? 7ro\e<w<? eprifju)^. ypd(f>ovaL Be riv<; ovk ev vtto 'Earvioevrif 609 vno 6pi SarvioevTt /ctfxVTj<; t>)9 TroXcft)?* ovBkv 5' iarlv opo^ ivravOa '^arvioei'; irpaaayopevo/jievov, 7roTa/xo9, i<p^ a. iBpvrat j} TroXt?' vvv 5' iarlv iprjfir}. 6vo/id^L Be rov irorapiov 6 ttoii]-

dWa
T?y9'

'Zdrviov

ydp^ ovraae Bovpl

OlvottlBtjv,^ hv dpa vvp.<f>rj reVe Nijl^ dfiv/jLoyv OivoTTi* ^ovKokeovTi trap o^Bai^i Xarvioevro^'
fcal

irdXiv

C 606

vale Be l,aTvt,6evT0<i ivppeiTao Trap 6x0ai<{

B' varepov elirov, oi Bk "Za^vtoevra. eart Be ')(eipappo<; p.eya<i' d^tov Bk fxvi]/x7}<i ireTrolr)ovtol 8' 01 roiroi KGv ovo/jid^(ov 6 7ruLrjTT]<; avrov. L<Ti TTj AupBavla Kol Tfj ^KTjyjrLay (ocnrep <Tvv)(U

H/jBaaov SuTvioevra

alireLV-qv.

dWrj
Trj<:
*

Tt9 AapBavla, raveivoTepa Be. 51. 'Aaalcov 8' earl vvv xal Fapyapeoov

rd ^
rfj

^o)?

KUTct

Kea^ov

daXdrrrj^i

nepiexofieva

re

Instead of t^raytiiviivt GDhix read rtrayniwv, after l.i.Tvio", omitted by other editors. Instead of Oi'oir(57ji', the editors before Kramer, following the MSS. of Iliad 14. 443, read 'Hvowiiriv.
*

7<p,

98

GEOGRAPHY,
I

13. i.

50-51

50. But I have alrccady discussed these matters.^ must now add that Homer speaks of a Pedasus, a
:

city of the Leleges, as subject to lord Altes Altes, who is lord over the war-loving Leleges, who hold steep Pedasus on the Satnioeis." ^ And the
site

"Of

of the place,
write,

now

deserted,

is still

to be seen.

though wrongly, "at the foot of Satnioeis,"^ as though the city lay at the foot of a mountain called Satnioeis but there is no mountain here called Satnioeis, but only a river of that name, on which the city is situated but
;
;

Some

The poet names the deserted. " he wounded Satnius river, for, according to him, with a thrust of his spear, even the son of Oenops, whom a peerless Naiad nymph bore unto Oenops, as he tended his herds by the banks of the Satthe
city
is

now

";* and again "And he dwelt by the banks of the fair-flowing Satnioeis in steep Pedasus." ^ And in later times it was called Satnioeis, though some called it Saphnioeis. It is only a large winter torrent, but the naming of it by the poet has made it worthy of mention. These places are continuous with Dardania and Scepsia, and are, as it were, a second Dardania, but it is lowernioeis
:

lying. 51.
all

To the Assians and the Gargarians now belong the parts as far as the sea off Lesbos that are sur1

13. 1. 7.

Iliad 21. 86.

^ *

for itri in the Iliad 14. 443.

i. e.

vir6

Homeric passage quoted.

^

Iliad

6. 34.

* Instead of OXvovi, CDF and the editors before Kramer, following Iliad 14. 444, read "Rvovt. ' Leaf inserts ra. before ?j.

99

STRABO
'Afia^iTcov.
ttj Ke/3pr)vL(i)v Koi NeavSpteayv xal T^9 /iiev yap 'Afia^LTov NeauSpiel^; V7repKLVTat, kuI avroX 6vTe<; ivrof Acktov, /jbeaoyeiOTCpoi Be^ koI TrXrjcrLalrepoi r^ 'I\ty hiixovcri rovrayv he yctp KaTov KOL rpiaKOvra arahiov^.
*

AvTavBpla kol

KaOvnepOe Ke^pyjvioc, tovtcov

""

Be

AapBdviOL

fiexpi'

XlaXaKTKijyjreo)^ teal avrrj^; tt}? XKrjyfreco^.

rrjv Be

AvravBpov 'AXAcato?
irpwra
eKiriTrrot,
^
"

fiev

Kokel AeXeycov iroXiv

AeX-eya)!^ TroXt?.

fiev

AvravBpo^

o Be ^KTi-y^LOf; iv

raU

av eh

rrjv

TrapaKeifievai^; TiOrja-iv, rtov KiXUayp' ovrot

war
yap

elai a-vve')(el^ toI? Ae'Xeft,

p,aW6v

ircof;

to votlov

irXevpov ttj^ "XB-q^i a<f)opL^oPTe<i' raTreivol 5* oytio)? Kal ovTOi Kal^ rfj irapaXla avvd-movre^ fidWov fierd yap to Acactoi; to Tjj Kara ^ABpafivTTLov. UoXv/xt^Btop iaTc x'opiov ti eu rerrapaKovTa
<TraBioL<i, elr
rryt
*

iv 6yBoi')KOVTa "Acrrro?,* fiiKpbv vnep 6aXdTTr}<;, elr iv etcarov Kal reTTapuKovra

8^, Coraia, for rt.

* For xpura, Leaf, as his translation (p. 253) shows, must have intended to read wpdra drp-Jorri). * so Kramer, Meineke, and ol, before rfi, Corais rejects
;

Leaf.
'A<rroj, Tzschucke, from conj. of Mannert, for i\<ro$ the later editors.
*
;

so

Antandros, first Frag. 65 (Bergk). Leaf translates: city of the I^eleges" (see critical note). Leaf translates "But Demetrios puts it in the district adjacent (to the Leleges), so that it would fall within the territory of the Kilikes"; and in his commentary (p. 255) lie says "As the words stand, Strabo says that Demetrios places Antandros (not at Antandros but) in the neighbourhood of Antandros.' That is nonsense however we look at
*
:

"

'

lOO

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

51

rounded by the territory of Antandrus and that of the Cebrenians and Neandrians and Hamaxitans for the Antandrians are situated above Hamaxitus, like it being situated inside Lectum, though farther inland and nearer to Ilium, for they are one hundred and thirty stadia distant from Ilium. Higher up than these are the Cebrenians, and still higher up than the latter are the Dardanians, who extend as far as Palaescepsis and Scepsis itself. Antandrus is " " called by Alcaeus " city of the Leleges First, Antandrus, city of the Leleges" ;^ but it is placed by the Scepsian among the cities adjacent to their territory,^ so that it would fall within the territory
;
:

of the Cilicians for the territory of the Cilicians is continuous with that of the Leleges, the former, rather than the latter, marking off the southern flank of Mt. Ida. But still the territory of the Cilicians also lies low and, rather than that of the Leleges, joins the part of the coast that is near Adramyttium.^ For after Lectum one comes to a place called Polymedium, at a distance of forty stadia; then, at a distance of eighty,* to Assus, slightly above the sea and then, at a distance of one hundred and
; ;

it."

Yet the Greek cannot mean that Demetrius transfers Antandrus, "a fixed point," to "the adjacent district," as Leaf interprets, but that he includes it among the cities (rais irapaKeifxfvais) which he enumerates as Cilician.
of the
Cf.

' The interpretation somewhat doubtful.

Greek

for this last sentence

is

translation

Leaf (pp. 254-255),

*
i.e.

regards the text as corrupt. eighty stadia from Polymedium, not from Lectum,

who

and commentary

of

by Thatcher Clark {American Journal of His interpretation, Archaeology, 4. 291 fF., quoted by Ijeaf). neither accepted nor definitely rejected by Leaf (p. 257), is not in accordance with Strabo's manner of enumerating distances, a fact apparently overlooked by both scholars.
as

thought

STRABO
Vdpyapa' Kelrat
arjf;

8e to,

ABpa/nvTTrjvov KaXovfJLevov koKttov, Xeyerat yap koI irdaa rj airo Acktov fjUxpt Kavwv irapaXia rw avTw rovrm ovofiart, ev o5 KaX 6 'EXatTt/co? 7repikap,^dveTaL' IBl(o<; p,einoL tovtov * <f>a<Tiv ASpa/jLvrTrfvov, rov k\l6/jLvoi/ viro Tavrrj^ T T7)9 dKpa<i, 60* y TO, Vdpyapa, KaX Tri<{ Uvppd^ dKpa<i TTpoa-ayopevofxeprj^;, i(f>^ fj Kal 'A(f>poBL(Tiov irXdrof; Be rov arofiaTo^ iariv aTro t^? Xhpvrai. dKpa<; cttI tt)v oLKpav Biapp.a ifcarbv Kal ciKoai aTaBiwv. ivTOf Be 17 re "ApravBpo^ iariv, xrwepIBiayf;

top

Tdpyapa eV

ciKpa^ ttolov-

KeifjLevov

e^ovaa

6po<i,

KaXovcnv ^AXe^dvBpeiaVt

OTTOv rd^ dea^i fcpiOrjvai <f)a(Tiv viro rov TldpiBo^^ Kal 6 ^Aairavevf;, rb vXoto/jliov 'IBaCa^ vXrj<t' ivravOa yap BiarldevraL KardyovT<; rot? Beo-

t%

fivoi<;.

eZr'

"Aarvpa,
^

k(o/jlt}

Kal

dXcof;
8'

rij^

*A(TTvpr}vi]<; *ApT/jLiBo<i dyiov. ^

TrXtjaiov

evOv^

TO AOrjvaiwv diroLKO'^ troXt^, ABpa/jLvmoVy exovara fcal Xifxiva Kal vavcraOp-ov e^co Be rov C 607 koXttov Kal rrj<; Ilvppd<i aKpa^ rj re KiaOtjvtj earl
tt6Xi<; e/37;/i,09,

e^ovaa
re

Xip,eva.

virep avrrj<; ev

r^

p,(ToyaLa

to

rov
rf}

x^Xkov
Kal

TiepTrepTjvTj^

Kal Tpupiop
ev Be

peraXXov Kal dXXai roiavrat

rfj <f)^rj<; ai rtav ^XiTvXrfvaiwv K(op,aL " Kopv(f)avTl<; re Kal 'HpdKXeia, Kal fierd ravra Arrea, elr *Arapvev<: Kal Thrdi'Tj Kal ai rov KatAcou eK^oXal' ravra S* Kal eariv ev rfj rov *KXairo!)v koXttov ijBrj

KarotKLai.

irapaXia

nepirfpTjyf},

Meineke, from conj. of Kramer, for

'

Tlrpirtpiira.

See preceding foot-uote.

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

51

twenty/ to Gargara, which lies on a promontory* that forms the Adramyttene Gulf, in the special sense of that term for the whole of the coast from Lectum to Canae is also called by this same name, in which is In the special sense also included the Elaitic Gulf
;

of the term, however, only that part of it is called Adramyttene which is enclosed by that promontory on which Gargara lies and the promontory called Pyrrha, on which the Aphrodisium^ is situated. The breadth of the mouth across from promontory to promontory is a distance of one hundred Inside is Antandrus, above and twenty stadia. which lies a mountain called Alexandreia, where the Judgment of Paris is said to have taken place, as also Aspaneus, the market for the timber from Mt. Ida; for here people bring it down and sell it And then comes Astyra, a to those who want it. a precinct sacred to the Astyrene village with And quite near Astyra is Adramyttium, Artemis. a city colonised by the Athenians, which has both a harbour and a naval station. Outside the gulf and the promontory called Pyrrha lies Cisthene, a deserted city with a harbour. Above it, in the interior, lie the copper mine and Perperene and Trarium and other settlements like these two. On the next stretch of coast one comes to the villages of the Mitylenaeans, I mean Coryphantis and Heracleia ; and after these places to Attea, and then to Atarneus and Pitane and the outlets of the and here we have already reached Caicus River the Elaitic Gulf. On the far side of the river lie
;

So Clark

or

"on

a height," as Leaf translates (see his

note).
'

Temple

of Aphrodite.

103

STRABO
nepaia
/voXtto?.
17

*EXata^ KaX 6 Xoltto^

H'^XP'^

Kav<av

CKaara

Xeyco/jLev Be dva\a/36vT9 irepl rcov Kad^ trdXiv, ri TrapaXeXenrrai fivyfirj^; d^iov, irepl tT/V Xfojyjrefof;,
5'
17

Koi TTpoiTOv
52. "licrrt
K.0prjvo<;
n.oXLxi'7]<i'

pev

IlaXaiaKr]\ln<;

eiravm

Kara to perecopoTarop t^?

eKaXeLTO he rore
'^Krjyjri';,

"I^?;? eyyi)^

etr dfXXo)?,

rov tottov, el Bel rd Trapd rots 0ap0dpoL^ ev tw totc ovopxira rat? *KkXrivLKal<; eTupoXoyelaOat, <^wvaW varepi'V Be " Kaj(OTp(o araBioLs e^/jKoi/ra et? tt]v vvv '^k^i'^^iv " vtto ^KapaiBpiov re rov EtKropof; pertpKiaOrjaav Kal W(T KavLov Tov Aiveiov 7raiB6<;' Kai Bvo yevrj Tavra ^aaiXevaai rroXvv y^povov ev rfj ^KTjyjrei
LT diro

rov TrepiaKeinov

elvai.

Xeyerar pera ravra

5' 619 oXiyapxiCLV p^rearrjaav, elra MiXijaioi^ a-vve-TroXnevOyaav avTOt?* fcai Bi}poKpaTiK(b<{ (pKovv 01 B' aTTo TOV yevov<i ovBev yrrov ^KaXovvro /:?acrt\et9, e^ovre^ rtva^

Tipd<;'

elr

6t9

TT]v'A\^(h'Bpiav (TvveiroXiare tov<;

^Avjiyovo^i, elr direXvae Afcrt/xa;;^? Kal 7ravt]X0ov et? rtjif olKeiaV'

"^Krjyjrlovf;

53. OUTai B" 6 XKyyjrKXi Kal ^aaiXeiov rov Alveiov yeyovevaL rtjv -Kfixfriv, pea-rjv oixrav tt}? re VTTO r(p Alveia Kal Avpvi^aaov, el<: r)v <^vyelv
elp-qrai BuoKopevo^i vtto 6 ^A^i'XXev^'

tov 'A^tWeo)?" ifyrjalyovp

* 'EAoi'a, Tz-schucke, from conj. of Casaul>on, for M\a/a CFrxz, MA^a I). lAtKha /', VifKta i. * After araSiois, Leaf inHcrts StuKOfftois koI {i.e. aralHoura^

instead of
*

arraSioKr^').

MjA^moi, Corais, following AM., for Mi\ri<rloi$. For avrois, moz and Corais rcinl ai/roL

104

GEOGRAPHY,
Elaea and the rest of the
let

13.

i.

51-53

But Canae. back and again discuss in detail the several places, if anything worthy of mention has been passed over and first of all, Scepsis. 52. Palaescepsis lies above Cebren near the highest part of Mt. Ida, near Polichna and it was then called Scepsis (whether for another reason or from
irulf as far as

me go

the fact that the place

is

visible all round, if it is

right to derive from Greek words names then used by barbarians),^ but later the inhabitants were removed sixty stadia ^ lower down to the present Scepsis by Scamandrius the son of Hector and Ascanius the son of Aeneias and their two families
;

are said to have for a long time.

;

held the kingship over Scepsis After this they changed to an oligarchy, and then Milesians settled with them as fellow-citizens ^ and they began to live under a But the heirs of the royal family none democracy. the less continued to be called kings and retained Then the Scepsians were incertain prerogatives. corporated into Alexandreia by Antigonus and then
;

they were released by Lysimachus and went back to their home-land. 53. Demetrius thinks that Scepsis was also the royal
residence of Aeneias, since it lies midway between the territory subject to Aeneias and Lyrnessus, to

which latter he fled, according to Homer's statement, when he was being pursued by Achilles. At
*

The Greek word "scepsis" means "a viewing," "an

Leaf emends to

inspection."
*

"two hundred and

sixty stadia" (see

critical note). See 14. 1. 6.

lOS

STRABO
ri

ov fJii/Jivr}, ore iovra

vep ae ^ocav

ciiro

fiovvov

creva Kar ^IBalcov opecov raxeecyai TroBeaai, KcWev 5' 9 AvpvTjaaov V7rK(l)vy<;' avrap iyw
rr)v

Trepaa, fieOopfiTjOei';.

ovx

o/iioXoyel

Be

tw

Trepl

roiv

ap^vy^T^^ "^^

^Krjy^ew^ Xoyo) Ta> \e)(devrL vvv ra Trepl tov Kiveiov dpvXovfxeva. Trepiyeveadai yap Brj rovrov <haGLv eK TOV TToXefiov Blcl ttjv 7rp6<; Yipiafwv
ovajxeveiav'
aeX

yap Upidfiqi

iirefi-qvie Bl<p,

ovvK

ap eadXov eovra

fier

dvSpdaiv ov

ri.

rieaKe'

(TVPupxovTa^ 'AvTrji/opiBaf; Ka\ avrov rov Kvrrjvopa Bid ttjv MevtXdov Trap* avrrp ^evi'av. C 608 Xo<f)OKXi]<; yovv ev Trj dXcocrei rod ^iXiov irapBaXeav (t)r)crl irpo Trj<i dvpa^ tov \\vrrjvopo<i 7rpoTe6P]uai av/jL^oXop TOV aTTopOrjTov eadrjvai ttjv olfclap, TOP /JLP ovp Apt I'jpo pa Kal tol/? TralBa^i /xcTa tcop ^ ^KpeTMP et? tt)p SpaKrjp irepiTrepLyepofxepcop KUKtWep Bianeaelp t? TtjP XeyofiePTjp (Tco6i}pai,^ KaTa TOP 'ABplap 'Epctikjjp' top Be Aipeiap fxeT ^Ayxi'O^ov TOV 7raTp6<i Kal tov TratB6<; 'AafcapLOV Xaop dOpoiaaPTa TrXeOa-ai, Kal ot pep olKrjaai Trepl TOP MoKeSopLKOP *'0\vfX7r6p (fxiaip, oi Be Trepl MapTLPciap t^<? 'ApKnBla<; KTiaai KaTTi^a?, aTTO KaTTfo? Oepiepop Tovpopa T(p TroXlafiaTi, oi
Toi'9 he
^

5'
'

etV

AiyecTTap KUTapai

t?;?

XiKeXla^; avp 'EX,t5editors, for vapaytyo'

irfpiytvoaivof, Eustathius

and the

io6

GEOGRAPHY,
:

13. i.

53

" Dost thou not remember any rate, Achilles says how from the kine, when thou wast all alone, I made thee run down the Idaean mountains with And thence thou didst escape to swift feet? Lyrnessus, but I rushed in pursuit of thee and sacked it." ^ However, the oft-repeated stories of Aeneias are not in agreement with the account which I have just given of the founders of Scepsis. For according to these stories he survived the war because of his enmity to Priam " For always he was wroth against goodly Priam, because, although he was brave amid warriors, Priam would not honour him at all"*, ^ and his fellow-rulers, the sons of Antenor and Antenor himself, survived because of the hospitality shown Menelaiis at Antenor's house. At any rate, Sophocles ^ says that at the capture of Troy a leopard's skin was put before the doors of Antenor as a sign that his house was to be left
:

and Antenor and his children safely unpillaged escaped to Thrace with the survivors of the Heneti, and from there got across to the Adriatic Henetice,* as it is called, whereas Aeneias collected a host of followers and set sail with his father Anchises and and some say that he took up his his son Ascanius abode near the Macedonian Olympus, others that he founded Capyae near Mantineia in Arcadia, deriving the name he gave the settlement from Capys, and others say that he landed at Aegesta in Sicily with
; ;

3 *

Iliad 20. 188. Iliad 13. 460. Frag. 10 (Nauck). in Paphlagonia (see As distinguished from that

5. 1. 4).

fiivwv Dhi, Kiyou-ivav rwx,

voixivwv

C word
;

omitted by

wnz.
*

For

irepia-wdTjyai

Corals reads

irepaiwd'nvai.

107

STRABO
fi(p^ Tpcol

Kal "EpvKa Kal XiXv^aiov Karaa-veiv, Kol TroTa/xov<; irepl Aty earav irpoaaiyopevaai Z/cafiavhpov KOL ^ifioevra' evOev B* et<? ttjv Aarlprjp iXOopra /xetvai Kara ri Xoyiov to KcXevor fieveiv, OTTOV av rrjv rpdire^av KaTa<f)dyT)' ovfx^TjvaL Se ^ AaTLvr)<; Ttjf; TvepX to Aaoviviov tovto, aprov
fieydXou redevro'^ dvrl Kol a/xa dvak(odivro<i
Tpa7r^r)<{
tol<;
67r'

Kara diropiav^
avTO)

Kpeaaiv.

"Opj}po<i fievroL arvprjyopeiv ovBerepoif; eoiKCV, ovBe Tot? Trepl rwv dp-)(i]yeTSiv t>}? 2?;\/re&)9 \e;^^?<rti/*
fM<f)avvt,

yap

fxe/nevrj/cora

tov
rrjv

Alveiav
'^O'^

iv

rfj

TpoCa KOL BiaBeBeyfxevov

BeBoDKOTa
TTaial
iralBcov
iq(f>aviar/xevov
riBt)

rr)v

dpxv^

irapaavrrj^,

^iaBo)(^i)p

tov tmv IIptap,iBa)v yevov^'

yap Upid/xov yeverjv tjX^^P^ KpovLcav vvv Bk Bt) Alveiao ySt?/ Tpcoeaaiv dvd^ei Kal iraiBwv 7rat39, toi kv p^Toiriade yiV(ovTai.

ovtco B ovB' rj TOV ^KafiaiBpLOv BiaBo^h <tq>^oit' dv. TToXv Be /iidWov Toi<i eTpoL<i Bia^xovel toi^
P'^xpi Kal ^iTaXla^
Tti/9

avTOV

Trjv

ttTuivtjv

Xiyovffi

Kal avToOi TrniovcTL ttjv KaTa(TTpo(f)T)if tov l3iov.

Be ypd(f)ovaiv

Alvetao yevo<i TtavTeaaiv dvd^ei, Kal TtaiBc^ TraiBfov,

T0U9

'Pft)/Ltatou9 XeyovTe^;.

54.

'E/c

Bk

Trj^

iKtjyjreto';

oX tc ^lOKpaTiKoi

'EX-Vv F, 'EAu^i'y other MSS. Instoa*! of rr)s Aariyris, D(pr. man.)tVM> have rois Aarlyois,
iv
TJ)

mnz

Aartyjf.

io8

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

53-54

Elymus the Trojan and took possession of Eryx and Lilybaeum, and gave the names Scamander and Simoeis to rivers near Aegesta^ and that thence he went into the Latin country and made it his abode, in accordance with an oracle which bade him abide where he should eat up his table, and that this took place in the Latin country in the neighbourhood of Lavinium, where a large loaf of bread was put down for a table, for want of a better table, and eaten up along with the meats upon it. Homer, however, appears not to be in agreement with either of the two stories, nor yet with the above account of the founders of Scepsis for he clearly indicates that Aeneias remained in Troy and succeeded to the empire and bequeathed the succession thereto to his sons' sons, the family of the Priamidae having been wiped out " For already the race of Priam was and now verily the hated by the son of Cronus mighty Aeneias will rule over the Trojans, and his
; : ;

sons' sons that are hereafter to be born."^ this case

And
is

in

one cannot even save from rejection the

succession of Scamandrius.^

And Homer

in far

disagreement with those who speak of Aeneias as having wandered even as far as Italy and make him die there. Some write, " the family of Aeneias will rule over all,^ and his sons' sons," meaning the Romans. 54. From Scepsis came the Socratic philosophers
greater
1

Iliad 20. 306.

The son
i.e.

of Hector,

who, along with Ascanius, was said

( 52).

to have been king of Scepsis

^

aiv) in

they emend "Trojans" the Homeric passage.

(Tpwccro-iv) to

"all" {Ttivna-

airoplav,

Casaubon, for avupiav

so the later editors.

109

STRABO
yeyovaaiv "l^paaro'; xal Kopla-Ko<i koX 6 rov Kopla-Kov u/69 N?7XU9, dvrjp koL ApiorroriXovi
*

rjKpoaiivo<;

rrjv ^L^XiodrjKTjv
17

%eo^pd(nov, BiaSeheyfievo^ Be rov ^eo^pdarov, iv 17 ^1/ xal rov ^Api<TTOT\ov<;- 6 yovv ^AptaTOTeXrjf! ttjv
TrapeBoy/cev,
u)v

kol

iavrov Secxfypdarq)
<j'xp\r)v

ojTrep

kol

rr}v

(Tvvayaycbv ^t^Xia Kal BiBd^afi tout iv AlyvTrrw ^aaiXia^i C 509 ^Ll3Xio0t]K7](; avina^LV. %e6(^paaro<; Be N;X6t
nrpuiro^;,
tcTfiev,

direXiTTe,

TrapeBwKev 6 B^ eh ^fcr/ylnv Ko/xicra<i rot? /ter' avTOv TrapiBojKev, lBia>Tai<i dv0p(O7roi<{, ol KardKXetcrra elxov rd ^u^Xia, ovK eirifjLeXSxt Keip^va' eTreiBt) Bk rjadovro rrjv gitovBt^v rtov ArraXtKOiV ^aavXidiv, vcf)' oU ^v 7) 7roX,t9, ^Tjrovvrayv ^i^Xla
^

6t9 Tr)v Karaaicevrjv

rrj^i

ev

Ylepyapw

^L^XioOf'jKT)^,

Kara
rov

eKpvxjrav ev Btdjpvyl rivi' vtto Be voTua^ Kal arjrcov Ka/cwOevra oi/re ttotc direBovTO ol aTro
yrjt;
*

yevov<i

ATreXXiKcovri

rm

Tr}i(p

iroXXcov

dpyvpicdv ^eo<f)pdarov
^LJSXofi

rd

re

ApiaToreXovi
7jv

kuI

rd

rov

^i^Xlw

pidXXov rj eiravopOwaiv rcov Biaffpcofidrcov eh dvriypa<^a Kaivd p,eTrjveyKe rrjv ypa<f>i]v, dvaTrXyjpwv ovk e^, Kol ^eB(OKv dpaprdBcov 7r\ijpr) rd ^i^Xla. <Tvve0t] Be TOt? K TOiv Trepnrdrcov roh pev irdXai Toi<; psrd Seoefypaarov ovk exovaiv 6X(o<i rd ^L^Xla ttXtjv oXiywv, koX paXia-ra rayv e^coTepi/CMV,
p.tjBev
e)(t.v

Be 6 ^ATreXXifccjv <f>iX6Bio koI ^tjtcjv <f)LX6(TO<Po<;'

(fiCXoaoc^elv

dXXd
ov
*

6e<Tei.<;

XrjKvOl^eLv'

rd

^tjSXia

ravra

TTpayp.ariKm, varepov, dffi* TrporjXOev, dpeivov pAv

rot?
S'

Strabo refers to Eumenes

II,

who

reigned 197-159 B.C

no

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

54

Erastus and Coriscus and Neleus the son of Coriscus, this last a man who not only was a pupil of Aristotle and Theophrastus, but also inherited the library of Theophrastus, which included that of Aristotle. At

Theophrastus, to whom he also left his school and he is the first man. so far as I know, to have collected books and to have taught the kings in Egypt how to arrange a library. Theophrastus bequeathed it to Neleus; and Neleus took it to Scepsis and be;

any

rate, Aristotle

bequeathed his own library to

queathed it to his heirs, ordinary people, who kept the books locked up and not even carefully stored. But when they heard how zealously the Attalic ^ kings to whom the city was subject were searching for books to build up the library in Pergamum, they hid their books underground in a kind of trench. But much later, when the books had been damaged by moisture and moths, their descendaats sold them to Apellicon 2 of Teos for a large sum of money, both the books of Aristotle and those of Theophrastus. But Apellicon was a bibliophile rather than a philosopher and therefore, seeking a restoration of the parts that had been eaten through, he made new copies of the text, filling up the gaps incorrectly, and The result was published the books full of errors.
;

that the earlier school of Peripatetics

who came

after

Theophrastus had no books at all, with the exception of only a few, mostly exoteric works, and were therefore able to philosophise about nothing in a practical way, but only to talk bombast about commonplace propositions, whereas the later school, from the time the books in question appeared, though better able
*

Died about 84 B.a

til

STRABO
CKelvcov ^l\o(to<^Iv kol dpiaroreXl^etv,

^eaOai
7r\rjOo<i
r]

fxevTOi,

dvajKard iroWd elKora Xeyeiv Sid to

ttoXv
Be t9 tovto kuI
/nerd
rrfv ttjp

Tcop d/xapriMV.

evOut ydp ^A7rX\iK(ovTO<; reXevTrjv Su\\a<? rjpe

'P(Ofi7}

TTpoaeXd^ero'

'AweX-

^i^XioO/jKTjv 6 rd(; 'AOt]va<i eXcov, Bevpo Be KO/jLiaOelaau TvpavPLfov re 6 ypafifiartKO^ Bie^eiplaaro (f)iXapiaroTXr)<i mv, depa-nevaa^i top iirl Ty]<: ^i0Xio6i]KTj<i, kol /Si^XioircoXal rive^i xal ovk uvtlf>/pa^evcn (f)avXoi<s 'x^pcofxevoi ^dXXovT<i, OTTcp KOL 7rl TOiv dXXcov crvfi^aivei riav t9 irpdaLv y()a(f>o^ei>(i)v f^L^Xiiov koX ivOdBe KoX iv \Xe^avBpeia. irepX jxev ovv rovToyv utto^PV' 55. 'E/c Be T?}? S/cr;\/r6a)9 xal 6 Ay/xtJTpi6<i eariv, ov fi/jLV7]p^6a ttoXKuki^;, 6 rov TpcoiKov BtaKoafjLOv i^ijyrjad/xevo'i ypa/j.fiari.K6<i, Kard rov aVTOV ypOVOV 76701/0)9 KpUTTJTl Kul Api<TTdp-)(^<fi' Koi tovto rov fxerd >)Tp6B(opof{, dvrjp ex eirl top ttoXitikov (f>iXoa6(f>ov fXTa/3e^\.>jfCQ)<; ^iov Koi pi]TopVQ)v TO ttXcov v TOt? (TvyypdfiXiKoyvTo^i
'

fiacTtV expfjcrciTo Be (ppucreux: rivi Kaiv(o KUL KUTeTrXyj^aTO ^ 7roXXov<;'

yapaKTi)Di
did Be rijv

C 610

Bo^av ev XaXKtjBopi yd^ov Xafx-rrpov 7rpr}<; wp eTv^e KUL exP'IP-dTi^e XaXKi]^6pio<t' MiOpiBuTTjp Be Ofpairevcra^ top EvTruTopa avpaTrPipep 6i9 top HoPTOi' eKLP(p fjerd t^9 yvvaiKh<i KaX eTifitjOrj
Bia<l>p6vr(i)<{,
779

ouK

TOP
*

* Ta\6e\^ tVt tt}? BiKaioBoala<;, a0* KpiOivTi dva^oXr)^ rTj<i Blkt}^ eVi ov fiePTOt Birjvrvxnaep, dXX' fiaatXea.
i)p

T(p

Instead of xaT*ir\^{oTo,

reads

Kartir\-{]^avro,

moxz xaW*

TAr?{t (so Corais,

who

inserts toiJj before iroXAoiij).

iia

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

54-55

to philosophise and Aristotelise, were forced to call most of their statements probabilities, because of

the large

number of
;

errors.^

Rome

also contributed

much

immediately after the death of Apellicon, Sulla, who had captured Athens, carried off Apellicon's library to Rome, where Tyrannion the grammarian, who was fond of Aristotle, got it in his hands by paying court to the librarian, as did also certan booksellers who used bad copyists and would not collate the texts a thing that also takes place in the case of the other books that are copied for However, selling, both here^ and at Alexandria. this is enough about these men. 55. From Scepsis came also Demetrius, whom I often mention, the grammarian who wrote a commentary on The Marshalling of the Trojan Forces, and was born at about the same time as Crates and and later, Metrodorus, a man who Aristarchus changed from his pursuit of philosophy to political life, and taught rhetoric, for the most part, in his written works and he used a brand-new style and On account of his reputation he dazzled many.
to this
for,

succeeded, though a poor man, in marrying brilliantly in Chalcedon and he passed for a Chalcedonian. And having paid court to Mithridates Eupator, he with his wife sailed away with him to Pontus and he was treated with exceptional honour, being appointed to the judgesliip from which there was no However, his good fortune did appeal to the king.
; ;

* *

i.e.

i.e.

errors in the available texts of Aristotle. at Rome.

a<p\
^

apafioA-fi,

Casaubon, for 6<^* so the later editors. Casaubon, for $ov\^ so the later editors.
;

113

STRABO
i/jLirecoyv

et?

')(jdpav

dBL/ccDTepeop
rr]v
7rp6<i

av6 pcairoov

Tiypdvrjv Tov *ApfievLov Trpea-^elav 6 B' cLKovra dveire^'^ev avrov Tip Kvirdropty (ficvyovri ijSy] ttjv Trpoyopix^v, Kara Be ttjv oBou Karearpe'^e tov ^lov eW vtto rod l3aai\60}<;, elB* vtto vocrov Xeyerai yhp dfK^orepa. irepl fxev rcov '^Krjy^lwv Tavra. 56. Mera Be ^kt^s^lv ''XvBeLpa ^ koX UiovCai Kul 1] Vapyapl<i. eaxL Be Xi6o<i irepl la "XvBeipa,
09 Kaio/xevo^ (rlBrjpo^ ylveTar elra fMcrd yrj<i rivo<; diroaTd^et, yjrevBdpyvpov, rj irpocrXa^ovaa -x^oXkov to KoXovfievov yiveTai Kpdfjui, 6
KafxivevOeXf;

aireaTTj rod

^acnXew^ Kara

Ttve^ 6pei-)(aXK0V KaXovar yiveTai Be yjrvBdpyvpo<{ Kul irepl TOV TfxcoXov. TavTa B' eVri to, ')((opia,

a ol A.eXeye's KaTl')(ov' &>? 8' avT(iy<i Koi rh irepl "Aaaov. 57. "Eart Bk t] "Xaao^ ipv/jivr} kuI euret^i;?, diTO 6aXdTTr}<i Kal tov Xip,evo<; opdiav koI pa/cpdv
dvd^acriv exovaa' coctt eV avTrj<; olfceico^ elprjcrdai BoKcl TO TOV ^TpUTOVlKOV TOV Kl6apl(TT0V'

"Aaaov

lO',

w*

Kev

Odaaov oXeOpov

ireipaS*

'iKrjai.

y^MfxaTL KaTeaKevacTTai peydXw. yv KXedvOr)<^\ 6 (Ttcoiko'^ (f>iX6(ro(f>o<; 6 BiaBe^dfievci tv,v Zfjv(i}VO<i tov Ktr/ew? (T)(oXi]V, KaraXiTTcov Be Xpvaiirirro tm '^oXel- evTavda Bk Kal 'Api(TT0TeX7]<; BiTp(\fre Bid Tr)V irpo^ 'Epfielav TO/' TVf avrov KrjBecav. rjv Be 'Rp/i^ia? evvovxo'i,
6

Be

Xi/xr)v

ei'TevOev

'

rpaire^LTOv

tivo^: oiKeTtjs' yev6p.evo<i B'

A0 ijvrja-iv

Instead of "ApStioa, DE/ji and Epit. read

"Ayiripti.

114

GEOGRAPHY,
just than himself

13. i.

55-57

not continue, but he incurred the enmity of men less and revolted from the king when he was on the embassy to Tigranes the Armenian.^ And Tigranes sent him back against his will to Eupator, who was already in flight from his ancestral realm but Metrodorus died on the way, whether by order of the king^ or from disease; for both accounts are given of his death. So much for the Scepsians. 56. After Scepsis come Andeira and Pioniae and the territory of Gargara. There is a stone in the neighbourhood of Andeira which, when burned, becomes iron, and then, when heated in a furnace with a certain earth, distils mock-silver ; ^ and this, with the addition of copper, makes the "mixture," which some is called " mountainas it is
;

called,

by

copper."* These are the places which the Leleges occupied and the same is true of the places in the neighbourhood of Assus. 57. Assus is by nature strong and well-fortified ; and the ascent to it from the sea and the harbour is very steep and long, so that the statement of Stratonicus the citharist in regard to it seems appro" Go to Assus, in order that thou mayest priate more quickly come to the doom of death."^ The harbour is formed by a great mole. From Assus came Cleanthes, the Stoic philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as head of the school and left it to
;
:

Here Chrysippus of Soli. because of his relationship Hermeias tyrant Hermeias. of a certain banker * and on
;

too

Aristotle

tarried,

by marriage with the was a eunuch, the slave his arrival at Athens he

* For the story see Plutarch, LiccuUus 22. Tigranes. ' * i.e. zinc. The Latin term is orichalcum. * A precise quotation of Iliad 6. 143 except that Homer'a diaaov (("nearer") is changed to'Ao'o-o*' ("to Assus").
*

Eubulus.

115

STRABO
rJKpodaaro
iinOefievfp
'Xcopiot^'
fcal

Il\dTcovo<;

xal

kpicnojeKov^'
fcal

eTraveXOcov Be rat heairorr) avveTupdwrjcre, irpoyrov

roL<i

irepX

'Arapvea

"Kaaov

BieSe^aTo eKelvov, koX fxereTrifjLyjraTO top t 'ApiaroreXr/p koI "E-evoKpar-qv Kal 7r/jL\i^0r} avroiv' t&> 5' 'AptaroreXei xai Mep,pa)p B' 6 OvyaTpa dB\(f)Ov avvwKKre. 'PbSfo? vTTTjpertov rore to?? Hpaai<; teal arpaTf}y(ov, 7rpoaTroir)ad/j,epo<i ^ikiav KoXel 7rpo<; eavTOV ^ xal irpayfidrcov irpoanroiTjTMV ^via<i re dpa ydpiv, avWajScov 5' dveTre/jLyfrep a)s top ^aatXea, KUKCL Kp/jLaaOei<i dncoXero' oi B' (f>i.X6(TO<f)oi
eireira
iacoOrjcrap,
(f>evyopr<:

rd

')(^cDpia,

oi

tlepaai

Karea^op.
Bk MvpfftXo? MrjOufxpalcop Kxiafia "Aaaop, [iXXdpifc6({ re Koi AloXlBa <^r}aiPy (ticnrep^ teal rd Vdpyapa Kal r) AafJLirwpia AloXewp. Aaaiwp ydp iari KTia/xa rd Vdpyapa, C611 ovK v <TVPOiKovp,pa' 7roLKov<; ydp oi ^aaiXeU
58. ^r}a\
rT]p
'

elpai

ia/}yayop k MiXr)T0V7r6X(i)<;,
pr)p,

pr]/xu)(TaPT<i eKcl-

y)fxi^ap^apov<i yepiaOai (f)r]al ^Tjp,^Tpio<{ Ka6' "Op.r}pop avTOv<i 6 "^K^-^jno^ uptI AtoXecop.
fiipTOL

ware

ravra Trdpra
dirocfyali

r)P

AeXeyiop,
Be

ov<i

tiv<;

fxev

Kdpaf

ovaip,

''Ofxrjpofi

^(^aypL^fi.

7r/309 fjLP dXb*;

Kape? Kal Ualove^ dyKvXoTo^oi Kal AeXeye? Kal KavKwpefi.

erepoi fxkp toipvp

twp Kapfop

vTrrjp^ap' toKovv Bk

Instojid of
&airfp,

fi/itt. moz read ofSfxan. Meincke, for &s rt others omit

;

rt.

The

historian

of

Methyinna,

who appears

to

have

Ii6

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

57-58

became a pupil of both Plato and Aristotle. On his return he shared the tyranny witii his master, who had already laid hold of the districts of Atarneus and Assus ; and then Hermeias succeeded him and sent for both Aristotle and Xenocrates and took care of
daughter to of Rhodes, who was at that time serving the Persians as general, made a pretence of friendship for Hermeias, and then invited him to come for a visit, both in the name of hospitality and at the same time for pretended business reasons ; but he arrested him and sent him up to the But king, where he was put to death by hanging.
;

them

and he

also married his brother's

Aristotle.

Memnon

the philosophers safely escaped by flight from the districts above-mentioned, which were seized by the
Persians.

says that Assus was founded by and Hellanicus too calls it an ; Aeolian city, just as also Gargara and Lamponia belonged to the Aeolians. For Gargara was founded by the Assians ; but it was not well peopled, for the kings brought into it colonists from Miletopolis when they devastated that city, so that instead of Aeolians, according to Demetrius of Scepsis, the inhabitants of Gargara became semi-barbarians. According to Homer, however, all these places belonged to the Leleges, who by some are represented to be Carians, " Toalthough by Homer they are mentioned apart wards the sea are the Carians and the Paeonians of the curved bow and the Leleges and the Cauconians." 2 They were therefore a different people from the Carians and they lived between
58.

Myrsilus

the

Methymnaeans

flourished about 300 B.C.

only fragments of
*

his

works

remain.

Iliad 10. 428.

117

STRABO
^era^v rwv
viro

t^ Alveia Kal t&v

et?

KaXovfievayv

viro Tov iroLrjTOv KiXi/ccoV eKTrop9r)devT<i he viro

Tov 'A^LkXeo)^

fjiT(7rrj(rap

rr)v

Kapiav, xal
xoiipia.

Kareay^v ra
59.

vvv ifcXeKfydeiaa vir avTWv Tr6\i% earlv' iv Be rfj /xeaoyaLa tmv Y{rjha<TO<!: ovKr AXiKapvaaecov^ to, HijBacra utt' avTcov ovofiaadevra r/v 7ro\t9, Kal rj vvv X^P^ HrjSaaU 5' iv avrfj kol okto) 7ro\et9 XeyeraL. (jyaal toKicdai viro ruiv AeXeycov rrrporepov evavSprjadvTwVt ware Kal Trj<; Kapia^; Karaa^j^lv tt)? fiexpi' MvvBov Kal BapyvXlov, Kal T779 IlL<TiBia<;
fjLevToi

irepX ttjv

vvv 'AXiKapvaaov^

aTTOTeiikadai ttoWiJv.
aTpaTv6/JLvot

EiXXdBa

vcrrepov B' ap,a rol^i Ka/so'l et? KarefiepLa-dTjaav oXijv rrjv Kal r)<paviaOrj ro yevo^, rayv 5* 6ktq>
'

TToXecov TO?

ef Mai;<7Ct>\o9 et? fiiav rrjv AXiKapvaaov^ Gvvr\yayev, KaXXiadh'tj^; laropei' ^vdyyeXa* Be Kal MvvBov Biet^vXa^e. rolft Be

eaeaOai Kal toU TrepioUoi^;, rrjv lepeiav t% 'A^T/m? jrcoycova i<r)^iv'^ rpt? Bk ^ av/j./3r]vai tovto avroU. Ili]Baaov Be xal ev TJ vvv '^rparoviKecov iroXixyt'Ov eariv. ev oXjf Be
dveirLrrjBeiov
*
'
'

YlriBaaevcTL

rovToi<;
^

(f>r](Tlv

'Hp6BoTO<; ore /xiXXoL

AAiKapyaa6v,
' '

\)/iJrz,

A\tKapva<T(r6v other
'

MSS.
;

WkKapvaaiwv other MSS. h\iKa,i/a<Tff6i>y all MSS., but see two preceding notes also see 8. 6. 14 (where all MSS. have KKiKapvaar6y) and
AKiKapvaaa^wy
;

CF

14. 2. 16.

2u(77Xo. Kramer, for awaytKa CDr, <rhv i,y4\ai hmotoz, V {l,ovdyt\a TrAchxic.ke and Corais. from conj. of Casaubon) ; so Muller-Diibner, Meineke, and Leaf. * ivT^8ior, Xylander, for hrirfiStior ; to the later editors. * so the later editors. f(rxe<*'f Corals, for <rx<<''

avyayfXas

118

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

58-59.

the people subject to Aeneias and the people whom the poet called Cilicians, but when they were pillaged by Achilles they migrated to Caria and took possession of the district round the present Halicarnassus.^ 59. However, the city Pedasus, now abandoned by them, is no longer in existence; but in the inland territory of the Halicarnassians there used to be a city Pedasa, so named by them and the present
;

It is said that as many territory is called Pedasis. as eight cities were settled in this territory by the Leleges, who in earlier times were so numerous that

they not only took possession of that part of Caria which extends to Myndus and Bargylia, but also cut off for themselves a large portion of Pisidia. But later, when they went out on expeditions with the Carians, they became distributed throughout the whole of Greece, and the tribe disappeared. Of the eight cities, Mausolus^ united six into one city, Halicarnassus, as Callisthenes tells us, but kept Syangela and Myndus as they were. These are the Pedasians of whom Herodotus ^ says that when any misfortune was about to come upon them and their neighbours, the and that priestess of Athena would grow a beard
;

happened to them three times. And there is also a small town called Pedasum in the present territory And throughout the whole of Caria of Stratoniceia.
this
^

Cf. 7. 7. 2.

On the variant spellings of " Halicarnas(s)u8 "

The
first
'*

see critical note.

2

King

so

named
1.

of Caria 377-353 B,c, after him. 175, 8. 104.

Mausoleum " was

'

Instead of n-qdaaov, moz have TliiSaaos (see Stephanus,

s.v.

STRABO
iv MfXi/rw XeXeywv Td(f>oi koI ipv/xara kcu iy^tj fcaToiKiow BeiKwrai,. 60. Mera Se tov<; AeXeya^; rrjv e^?}? irapaXiav Q)fcov}j KlXik's Ka9' 'O/xrjpov, rjp vvv e')(pv<TLv 'ABpa/xurrrjioL re Kni ATapveirai Kal Hiravalot
'

Kapla Kal

T^? K^o\r](; Tov KatKOV. Bi^prjvTO 5* 6t? Bvo hvva(TTe(a<; ol KLXiK<i, KaOdirep etnoficv, rrjv T viro r(p 'WeTiwvL Kal ti^v utto M.vin)TL. 61. Tov fiev ovv 'Hertcoi/o? Xeyei ttoXlv S^^rjv
/J'XPi'

ft);^o/xe^'

e? S^j3rjv ieprjv ttoXlv 'HcTtwi/oy.

TOVTOV he Kal tt]v Xpvcxav Trjv exovaav^ to iepov TOV '!^fxiv6e(i}<; 'AttoWcoi^o? fi(f)alpi, etirep T) Xpvarjlfi CK T^9 H^'ySv? edXoy
rpyop-eOa yap, cf>r](7lv, e? ^tj^i]v, TTjv he hieirpdOoixev re Kal ffyop,ev evddheirdvTa, Kal rd fxev ev hdaaavro /jLTd cnfiiaiv,

C 612

eK

6'

eXov ^Arpelhrj Xpvayiha.

ttjv

rov he MvvrjTO<{

Avpvrfaaov

etreihr)

\vpv7]<Taov hia7ropdij(Ta<i Kal rcu^ea Sjj0rj<i TOP TC Mvvrjra Kal top ^\i-niaTpo<^oi' dpelXep
'A;!^tXA.U9*

wcne, orap

<f>fi

rj

Hpia-rjU,

aaKe<;, 6t dphp^ efiop a)Kv<; 'A;^tWi>? KreiPP, irepaep he ttoXiv Oeioio Wvprfjo^i,

ovhe

fx

ov

ri)P

('d7)^rjp

Xeyoi dp (avrrj yap

5'

aWrt

TTjp

AvpprjacroP' dfi^orepaL

'Hertaii/o?), 7}<Tap ep t^

KXr)6ePTL ixerd

Tavra

W;;/^?;?

vehirp,
<f>a(Tl

hid

rrjp

dperrjp irepi,p,dxrjTOP yeveadai

*

Mvaol^

fiep

tV MiAt'jtc^,

omitted by

Y>hi,

I20

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

59-61

and in Miletus are to be seen tombs, fortifications, and traces of settlements of the Leleges. 60. After the Leleges, on the next stretch of coast,
lived the Cilicians, according to Homer ; I mean the stretch of coast now held by the Adramytteni and

Atarneitae and Pitanaei, as far as the outlet of the Tlie Cilicians, as I have said,^ were divided Caicus. into two dynasties,^ one subject to Eetion and one to

Mynes.
61.

calls Thebe the city of Eetion into Thebe, the sacred city of Eetion" ;2 and he clearly indicates that also Chrysa, which had
:

Now Homer

"We

went

the temple of Sminthian Apollo, belonged to Eetion, if it be true that Chryseis was taken captive at Thebe, for he says, " We went into Thebe, and laid it waste and brought hither all the spoil. And this they divided aright among themselves, but they chose " * out Chryseis for the son of Atreus and that to Mynes, since Achilles "laid Lyrnessus belonged waste Lyrnessus and the walls of Theb6"^ and slew both Mynes and Epistrophus so that when Briseis says, "thou wouldst not even let me,^ when swift Achilles slew my husband and sacked the city of divine Mynes," ^ Homer cannot mean Thebe (for this belonged to Eetion), but Lyrnessus. Both were situated in what was afterwards called the Plain of Thebe, which, on account of its fertility, is said to have been an object of contention between the
;
;

1 8
s
'

13. 1. 7, 49.

But
sc.

cf.
1.

13. 1. 70.

Iliad 1. 366. Iliad 2. 691. Iliad 19. 295.

'

Iliad

366 S.

"weep."

Trjv

(xovaav,

added from moz,

VOL.

VI.

^*'

STRABO
Koi Ai8o?9 To^ TrporepoVy toc<; 8* ^'FtWrjaiv varrcpov eiroiKijaaatv itc rrjf; AtoXi^o? xal t^9 AicT^ov, * xov(Tt. Be vvv ABpa/j.vTT'Tjvol TO wXeov ivravOa KoX rj &/j$t) koI 77 Avpurj<T(T6<;, ipvfxvbv yap
rots'

^(oplov
Kol OKTU)

pr)fxoL

K
'

fjLVTTiov crTaBlov<i
7rl

ap,(f)6Tpar BiixovcTL Be ABpaBe oyBorjKOvra T) fxev e^rjKOVTa, ij

ddrepa,^

62. *Ei^ Be rfi ABpafMVTTTjvrj eVrl kuI 1) Xpvaa KoX T) KlWa' irXrjaiov ovv tT;? St]^r)^ eri^ vvv ^ Tt9 TOTTO? Xeyerai,* ev a> KiXXaiov 'AttoX.-

KlWa

\(ov6<;

ecTLv

iepov

irapappel

3'

avT^ i^

''IBtj<;

Kara rrjv AvravBpiav Koi to KlWaiov'^ dno Tuvrrj^; tt)? KtWrj^ wv6p,acnaL'
ecTTL Be fcal
^

(f)p6fivo<; 6 ^

KtWato?^

7roTafji6<;'

Taitra S' eVrt ev Aea^cp Be

KiWaiov
(f)r)(Tl

6po<;

fiera^v Vapydpcdv Kal

6
Ko\a)V(iev<;

AvTCLvBpov.

Be

Adrj<i

ev

KoXcovah IBpvOfjvaL irpoyrov vtto tmv ck rf}<; 'EWaSo<? irXevcrdvTwv AloXecov ro rov KiXXaiov
'

ArroXXcDvof iepov Kal ev Xpvar} Be Xeyovci KiXXaiov ^ATToXXcova IBpvaOat, dBijXov, erT top avrov Tcu '^fXLvOel, e\0* erepov. 63. 'H Be Xpvaa tVl OaXdrry 7roXi')^viov ^v

exov Xipeva, irXi^aiot' Be VTrepKenai 1) ^tj^rj' evjavda B' rjv Kal to iepov rov ^p,ivOeii><i 'AttoX*

r6, before wp6Ttpov,

Meineke, for

roir.

Coraia omits the

ro7s,
'

and so Leaf.

Leaf omits the words koI oktu irl ddrtpa (see his critical note on text. p. .30).
*
*

Uri,

Mcineke, for

fffn.

Instead of kiytrat, vwz read \ty6iitvot. KiWaiov, Casaubon and later editors, for KiWtols C, KiKhiovi Dhrv, Ki\\t6s F, KiWiov moxz. KfvXaioj, Kramer and later editors, for KiAAtiJi F, KiAAof other MSS,

123

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

61-63

Mysians and Lydians in earlier times, and later between the Greeks who colonised it from Aeolis and Lesbos. But the greater part of it is now held by the Adramytteni, for here lie both Thebe and
Lyrnessus, the latter a natural stronghold ; but both From Adramyttium the former places are deserted. is distant sixty stadia and the latter eighty-eight, in opposite directions.^ 62. In the territory of Adramyttium lie also Chrysa and Cilia. At any rate there is still to-day a place near Thebe called Cilia, where is a temple and the Cillaeus River, of the Cillaean Apollo which runs from Mt. Ida, flows past it. These The places lie near the territory of Antandrus.
;

Cillaeum in Lesbos is named after this Cilia; and there is also a Mt. Cillaeum between Gargara and Antandrus. Daes of Colonae says that the temple of the Cillaean Apollo was first founded in Colonae by the Aeolians who sailed from Greece it is also
;

said that a

temple of Cillaean Apollo was established at Chrysa, though it is not clear whether he is the same as the Sminthian Apollo or distinct from him. 63. Chrysa was a small town on the sea, with a harbour and near by, above it, lies Thebe. Here too was the temple of the Sminthian Apollo; and
;

^ The site of ThebS has been definitely identified with that of the modern Edremid (see Leaf, p. 322). But that of Lyrnessus is uncertain. Leaf (p. 308), regarding the text as corrupt, reads merely "eighty" instead of "eighty-eight," and omits "in opposite directions" (see critical note).

' KiWaiov, Tzschucke and later editors, for KiWeov ; and so in the three subsequent instances the MSS. have e instead of ai.

123

STRABO
X,a)i/o?

Kol

rj

XpvaTjL^' ypijficoTai

B^

vvv ro 'xwp^ov

TcXeo)?* 19 Be rrjv vvv X.pi)aavTTjv Kara' Afjut^iTov ^eOlBpvrai to Upov tcov KiXlkcov tmv fiev el<; rrjv

UafjL<pv\lav K7rcr6vTcov, tmv Be 6t9 'Afia^irov. ol 8' direipoTepoi tmv iraKaioiv laropiiav evravOa

rov y^pv(T7)v KaX rrjv XpvarjiBa yeyovevai <l>aal Kol Tov '^Ofjirjpov rovTov Tov roTTOv /xefjLvrjaOat. a\X' ovre Xijirfv iariv evravOa, eKelvo^i Be (f>i]<Tiv
oi
3'

ore

Brj \l/jlvo<;

iroXv^evOeo^

ev7o<i Ikovto,
B* iirl

ovr

Oakdrrrj to Upov eariv, eKeivos daXcLTTTj TTOiel TO lepov

7rl

K Be

XpvarjU
H'^v

vr]6<i /St)

TrovTOTTopoio'

C 613

T^i*

eireiT

eirl

/3co/jl6v

dycov

noXvfirjTt^

^OBv(T(TV<i

irarpl

<f)LX(p

ev x^P^^ rlOer

oifBe /;/8/9 TrXrjaLOv, eKelvo^i Be irX'qaiov'

exeWev

aW* ovBe Xpva-qiBa. KtWa ToTTO? ovBeX^ ev rfj ^AXe^avBpecov x^P"BeLKwrai, ovBe KiXXaiov 'AttoXXwi'o? Upov 6
yovv dXovaav Xeyei
rrjv
"TTOtT/T?;?

Be crv^evyvvdiv

09 Xpvarjv d/jufiifie^ijKa^

KiXXav

re ^aderjv

iv Be T(p Srj^rj^ 7reBiq> BcLKwrai ttXtjo-lop* 5 re irXovf diro fxev t^9 KiXiklov Xpvar)^ evl to eirraKoaioiiv ttov (TTaBicov iarlv vavcrradfiov
Ti^pij(Ti6<i 7r(i)9, ocrov

(pniverai 7r\6ua-a9 o ^OBv<t-

aev<^,

K^d<i
Ki^l

yap evOv^^
T/}9

irapicrr^ai rrjv Ovaiav

eairlpa^t 7nXa^ova-r)<; fievet avToSi, irpun Be dTroirXel' d-rro Be 'A/xaftTov ro

TO)

6e^

124

GEOGRAPHY,
;

13.

i.

63

here lived Chryseis. But the place is now utterly and the temple was transferred to the deserted present Chrysa near Hamaxitus when the Cilicians were driven out, partly to Pamphylia^ and partly to Hamaxitus. Those who are less acquainted with ancient history say that it was at this Chrysa that Chryses and Chryseis lived, and that Homer mentions this place but, in the first place, there is no harbour
;

here, and yet Homer says, ''And now arrived inside the deep harbour"

when they had

^
;

and, secondly, the temple is not on the sea, though Homer makes it on the sea, "and out from the seafaring ship stepped Chryseis. Her then did Odysseus of many wiles lead to the altar, and place in the arms of her " ^ dear father neither is it near Thebe, though Homer makes it near ; at any rate, he speaks of Chryseis as having been taken captive there. Again, neither is there any place called Cilia to be seen in the territory of the Alexandreians, nor any temple of Cillaean Apollo but the poet couples the two, " who dost stand over * Chrysa and sacred Cilia." But it is to be seen near by in the Plain of Thebe. And the voyage from the Cilician Chrysa to the Naval Station is about seven hundred stadia, approximately a day's voyage, such a distance, obviously, as that sailed by Odysseus ^ for immediately upon disembarking he offered the sacrifice to the god, and since evening overtook him he remained on the spot and sailed away the next morning. But the distance from Hamaxitus is scarcely a third of that above
;

Cf. 14. 4. 1. Iliad 1. 37.

1

Iliad 1. 432. See Iliad 1. 430 ff.

Iliad

1.

438.

^vdvs xz, tv0v other

MSS.

"5

STRABO
TpLTOv /xo\t9 rod \xOevTO<! BiacTTijfjLaTo^ itrriv, &(TT iraprjv tw ^Ohvaael av6rj/xp6u dvaTrXeiP inl TO vavarad fJLOv reXeaavri rrjv Ovaiav. ecrrt Be Kol KiXXov fivijfia irepl to lepov tov KiWcUov *A7roXX&)i/o?, xwfjLa ^ya' -qvioxov he tovtov IleXo7ro9 <\)acriv rj-yrja-d/nevov rcov tottcop, d(f)* ov t(ra><; i)

KlXckIu
64.

?;

efXTtaXiv.

Ta

ovv TrepX rov<; TevKpov<; kol rov<;

^

fMva<i,

d(f

oiv 6 ^jjiLvdev^, eireihri afiivOoi

ol five^,

Bevpo

fxereveKTeov.
i7rLK\r)(7iv

irapafivdovvrai Be KaX TOLOVTOL<; Tiai'

01)9

ti]v diro fxiKpoyv yap oltto ra>v

TrapvoTTcov,

01

Oiraioi,

Kopvoiraf:
Klvol<;

Xeyovai,

KopvoTTLcova^

Ti/jidadaL

irap

'Hpaxkea

diraXXayrj'; aKpiBwv x^ipiv ^Yttoktovov Be irap ^EpvdpaLOL<i TOLf rov Ml/xapra* OLKOvaiv, on <f)0apTLKOf; T(OV dfji7re\o(f)dy(M)V Ittmv' kol 67; Trap*
KLVOl<i /jl6vOI<{
fjit)

TMV *\ipv6paio3V TO OripioV TOVTO ^VoBlol Be ^EpvOi,6iov WiroWcovo^; ^wpa lepov, jrjv epvaijStjv KaXovvre^i epvdL/Sijv' Trap AloXevat, Be roU ev Wala /xei9 T/9 KaXdrai VlopvoTTLcov, ovtco tou? Trdpvoira^
yiveadaL.^ expvaiv ev rfj

KaXovvTfov

\\oL(tiTOiv,

fcaX

Ovaia
rj

avvTeXelrai

TlopVOTTLCOVL WttoXXcOVI. 65. Mvala fiev ovv e<Triv

Tiov,
1JV

irepl ro \\Bpap.xrT-

Be

TTore

viro
*

AvBoU, KaX vvv llvXai

ABpafMVTTtrp,

AvBtat KaXovvrai ev
'

AvBcov,

a>9

(TulvBoi, Meiiieke, for trialvBioi. ' Oiraioi E, 'Ortoi other MSS. ' K inserts nva before TiuuaOat. * MlnayrUf Corals, for Vl(\tovyTa (see later editors.
*

14.

1.

.33);

so the

yivtaOai,
*

^ivtit Tj

vwz and Corais and Meinekc, for ytv4adai. EF, ^lis rit Djnorz, fiinrw t hi, nians C.

126

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

63-65

mentioned, so that Odysseus could have completed the sacrifice and sailed back to the Naval Station on the same day. There is also a tomb of Cillus in the neighbourhood of the temple of the Cillaean He is said to have been Apollo, a great barrow. the charioteer of Pelops and to have ruled over
this

region;

Cilicia

and perhaps was named, or vice

it

was

after

him that

versa.

64. Now the story of the Teucrians and the mice whence the epithet " Sminthian," ^ since "sminthi" means "mice" must be transferred to this place.

And

writers excuse this giving of epithets from small It is creatures by such examples as the following
:

they say, which the Oetaeans call "cornopes," that Heracles is worshipped among the Oetaeans as " Cornopion," for ridding them of locusts ; and he is worshipped among the Erythraeans who live in Mimas as " Ipoctonus,"^ because he is the * and in fact, they destroyer of the vine-eating ips add, these are the only Erythraeans in whose country this creature is not to be found. And the Rhodians, who call erysibe^ "erythibe," have a " " temple of Apollo Erythibius in their country and among the Aeolians in Asia a certain month is called Pornopion, since the Boeotians so call the locusts,

from

locusts,^

and a
65.

sacrifice is offered to

round Adramyttium is was once subject to the Lydians and to-day there is a gate in Adramyttium which is called the Lydian Gate because, as they say, the
the
territory

Now

Apollo Pornopion.
;

Mysian, though

it

i.e.

the "Sminthian" Apollo {/Had

^

1.

"Parnopes." A kind of cynips,

"

39).

Ips-slayer.**

"Mildew."

127

STRABO
<l>a<Ti,

TTjv ttoXlv eKTiKOTfov.

Mv(TLa<i Se

"Aarvpa
"^ori, iv aXaei,

rrjv irXrjalou kco/jltjv <^aaiv. '

yv Se ttoXlx^V

iv

rj

TO

T779 ^A(TTvpr}vi]<i

Aprefit8o<i

Upov
^

TrpoaraTOv/jLevov ixera ayiareia^i vir AvTavBplcDV, oU fiaWov yeLTPid- Siexec Be rij^j TraXam? Xpu(Ti]<; eLKoat araBLOv<i, koX avrrjf; iv dXaet to Upov avTov Be Kal 6 'AxlXXio<; yapa^' ev iXov(rr]<;. Be Tjj /jLeaoyaLU dno TrevTijKovra <TTaBi(ov icrrlv

C 614

7;

St'i^r] eprjfjLo^,^ rju (fiyaiv 6 7roi,T}T7)<; vtto

TlXaKtp

vXr](T(TT]'

ovre Be nX,a/co?

17

ovO' vXrj VTrepKenai, fcatToi Tryoo? Trj "IBr). A<nv5' ^ Sij^r} BiXv et9 e^BofiiJKOVTa araBiov^, pcov iravra Be ravrd iari AvBelpcov^ Be e^rjKovTa.

IlX-af eVet rt Xeyerai, ^

Ta ovofiara
rj

roircov epjjfiayv

rj

(f)avX(D^ oIkov fxevwv

TTOTafjLcbv

x^^/^PP^^'

TeOpvXrjTat

Be

Bid

t^?

TraXaidf laropta^.
*ABpafj,vTTiov.
a-<f)a^e

66. rioXet? S' elalv d^ioXoyoi "Acrtro? re xal ' rjTvxv<^^ Be ro ABpa/jLvmov iv
TToXefjLM'

T^ MiOpiBaTtKq)
twv

Tf)v

yap ^ovXrjv

dtre-

ttoXltwi' Ai6o(opo<; cnpaTrjyo^, xcipt^ojievo<i rip ^aaiXei, Trpoa-iroLOv/jievo^ 8' djxa twv re ef *A/ca57;/xia9 <f>LXoa6(f)o)v elvai, Kal SiVa? Xeyeiv Kal (To(f)i<jT6veiv Tu prjTopLKa' Kal Brj Kal <TvvaTTrjpev 69

Be

Tov Wovrov Tw ^aatXel' KaraXvOevTO^ TOV fiaaiXeaxi, cTtae BiKa<i T0t9 dBiKrjdeia-iv

yap eTrevexO^vTcov dfia TToXXayv, direKapTepTjaeu aicrxpo)<i, ov <^epo>v ttjv Bvar<f>rfiyKXrjfiaTfov

filav, iv T7J
^

r)fiTpa iroXet.

dvrjp Be ^ABpafivr-

ipTjUos,
'

mo2 omit.

For

*AvS9lp<t>y,

DEi

read 'Ay^pcty, in

corrected to

'Ayilpwv.

GEOGRAPHY,
city

13.

i.

65-66

was founded by Lydians. And they say that the neighbouring village Astyra belongs to Mysia. It was once a small town, where, in a sacred precinct, was the temple of the Astyrene Artemis,
which was superintended, along with holy rites, by the Antandrians, who were its nearer neighbours. It is twenty stadia distant from the ancient Chrysa, which also had its temple in a sacred precinct. Here too was the Palisade of Achilles. And in the interior, fifty stadia away, is Thebe, now deserted, which the poet speaks of as " beneath wooded " " in the first the name " Placus Placus
;^ but,

and, secondly, it is near Mt. Ida. Thebe is as much as seventy stadia distant from Astyra and sixty from Andeira. But all these are names of deserted or scantily peopled places, or of winter torrents ; and they are often mentioned only because of their ancient history. 66. Both Assus and Adramyttium are notable But misfortune befell Adramyttium in the cities. Mithridatic War, for the members of the city council were slaughtered, to please the king, by Diodorus^ the general, who pretended at the same time to be a philosopher of the Academy, a dispenser of justice, and a teacher of rhetoric. And indeed he also joined the king on his journey to Pontus but when the king was overthrown he paid the penalty for his
all,

or

'^

Plax

"

place,
it,

is

not found there at

lies

no wooded place

above

though

misdeeds for many charges were brought against him, all at the same time, and, being unable to bear the ignominy, he shamefully starved himself to death,
;

in

my own
1

city.

Another inhabitant of Adramyttium

is

Iliad 6. 396.

"

This Diodorus

otherwise unknovrn,

129

E 2

STRABO
fiP
f)7JT(op iirKpavrj^; yeyivrjTai B.POK\rj^, rov *A<Tiavov yapaKTr}po<{, aywviaTrjf; Be, et t9 a\Xo9, Kal Lpr)KQ)<i vwep t^9 'Atria? eVl rrj^ (TvjKXrJTov, Ka6' hv Kaipov air lav et;^e MiOpi-

rrjvo<;

Bariafiov. 67. 11/909

Be

rotf;

""AaTvpoi^;

\1/jlvtj

KaXeirai

X(i7rpa 0apaOpa)B7}^, t9 paxicoSij ttj<; OaXaTrrj^ vtto 8e rot? alyiaXov TO eKprjyfia exovaa. ^ApBelpoi^ lepov eari M7;t/oo9 dewv ^AvBeLprjvrj^

ayiov Kal avrpov vttopo/j^ov /ixp(' IlaXata9. eart 8' 17 IlaXaia KaroiKia T19 ovto) KaXov/xevrj, Bl' Xovcra Twv AvBelpwv CKarop Kal TptdKoura
araBlovf;' eBet^e Be rrjp vTrovop.rjv ^t/iapo9 e/jLireacov 669 TO arofxa Kal dpeupeOeU ttj varepaia

Kara
cttI

AvBeipa^ vtto rov iroifxepo^ Karh rvx^rjv dvalap tjkopto^. *Arappv<; S* earl ro rov
^

**

Tvpavvelov, elra Wirdprj, 7roX,t9 AloXiK^, Xifiha^, Kal 6 rrapappewv avrrjv 7roTa/xo9 Kvy]vo<i, e^ ov ro vBpaycoyelop TreTTolrjrai roh 'ABpa/xvrTr)voL<s. K Be t^9 Hirdpr)^ iarlp ^ ^ApKecrlXao<i, 6 k ri)'; AKaBi)fila<i, Zi]P(opo<i rov
'Epfielov

Bvo

exovaa

Be

KtTtea)9 (TvaxoXaart]^ traph WoXefxwpi. Kol p rjj UiravT} ri<; roiro^ eVl

KaXtirai

OaXdrrrj

^Arapvevf: vtto rfj II irdprj, pijaop 'EXeovaaai'.^ <f)aal

Kara
6'

ri]p KaXovfxepr^p

eV

t^ Uirdprj r^^

rrXipOov^ eTrnroXd^eip ev
if

roU vBaai, KaOdrrep Koi

P rfi Tvpprjvla yrj ri<;^ ireirovde' Kov^orepa yb,p yr) rov iiriaoyKov vBaro^ earip, aurr irroxGladai,
^

Instead of 'Arfcipo, CD/j read "Avlipa. '.^)^>.fiov F, 'Zpulvov other MSS. 80 later editors, except *E\oi/(r<ruv, Palmer, for ^x'"'<^' Meineke and Leaf, who read *EKcuov<r<rw.
*

'

130

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

66-67

was the famous orator Xenocles,^ who belonged to the Asiatic school and was as able a debater as ever lived, having even made a speech on behalf of Asia before the Senate,^ at the time when Asia was accused of Mithridatism. 67. Near Astyra is an abysmal lake called Sapra, which has an outbreak into a reefy seashore. Below Andeira is a temple sacred to the Andeirene Mother of the gods, and also a cave that runs underground as far as Palaea. Palaea is a settlement so named,^ at a distance of one hundred and thirty stadia from Andeira. The underground passage became known through the fact that a goat fell into the mouth of it and was found on the following day near Andeira by a shepherd who happened to have come to make sacriAtarneus is the abode of the tyrant Herraeias ; fice. and then one comes to Pitane, an Aeolic city, which has two harbours, and the Evenus River, which flows past it, whence the aqueduct has been built by the From Pitane came Arcesilaiis, of the Adramytteni. Academy, a fellow-student with Zeno of Citium under Polemon. In Pitane there is also a place on the sea called '' Atarneus below Pitane," opposite It is said that in Pitane the island called Eleussa. bricks float on water, as is also the case with a certain earth* in Tyrrhenia, for the earth is lighter than an equal bulk of water, so that it floats. And
^

This Xenocles is otherwise unknown except for a reference

91).
i.e.
'*

to

him bj' Cicero {Brutus 2 The Roman Senate.

*

Old Settlement."

"Rotten-stone."

yrt Tis,

Corais, for

vjials

so Leaf.

'3>

STRABO
iv ^l^Tjpia Be ^rjaiv ISetv Ilo(Ti8(ovio^ ex rivo^ ra dpyvp(o/j.ara e/c/LtaTTerat, rj 615 irXivdov^ 7r7]yvvfiva<i Koi einTTXeova-a^. fiera hk
7779 apyL\(oBov<i,

Y\ndvT]v 6 Kafc/co? et? rov ^FXatrriv koXov^cvov koKttov iv TpicLKovra aTaSloK; eKhlhwcnv. iv Be T^ irepav tov KatKov, BcoBcKa Stevouo-a tov iroTa/jbou (jTaBiovf; 'liX^ia ttoX,*? XloXikt) koI avTf] Hepya/jLTjvcov iiriveiov, exarov Kal cLKoai
rr}v

(TTaBiov<i

68. EtT* iv

BUxovcra tov Tlepydiuov. eKarov (TTaBioi,<; 7) Kavrj, to dvTalpov

aKpCOTTJpiOV T(p Ae/CTW Kal 7T010VV TOV \\BpafAVTTijvov KoXirov, ov jJLepo^ Kal 6 'EX,amAC09 <7Tt. Kdvai Be TToXl'x^viov AoKpoiv twv ix Kvvov kuto.

rh d-Kpa t^9 Aea^ov T^ K.avaia' avTrf Be

voTccoTaTa Keipuevov iv twv ^ApytvovacTcav ^ Ttve^ BLrjKei Koi T^9 u7repKeip,vr)<; dxpa^, r)v Alyd
to,
/J'e)(pL

6vop,d^ov(Tiv 6pL(ovvp.(o<;
Ttjv
*

tw

^<w^'

Bel

Bk /xaxpcj^

BevTepav avWa^rjv ix^epeiv Alydv,^ a)9 Aktclv Kal ^Ap^dv ovTco yap /cal to opo^ oXov vvv Kdvrjv xal Kara? Xeyovai. wvofxa^eTO, kvkXw Be irepl to opo^ tt^o? votov /mv Kal Bvaiv
Tj

OdXaTTa,
iKava)<i

Trpo? eo)

Be to
rj

KatKov

ireBiov

trrro-

KCiTat, 7rp6<;

dpKTOv Be

*E\ai.Tt9' ai^To Bk KaG"

avTo

avvecrTaXTai, irpocvevet,

Be

iirl
^

Aiyalov ireXayo^, 66ev avT(p Kal Tovvofia'

^

to vct-

Instead of A770,
Alydy.
;

reads Ai7o, hot Alyav, Epit. Af^o,

Meineke

Alydr Ez 80 Meineke and Leaf. Leaf brackets the words varepov

Kivat.

i.e.

All,

"goat."

13a

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

67-68

Poseidonius says that in Iberia he saw bricks moulded from a clay-like earth, with which silver is cleaned, and that they floated on water. After Pitane one comes to the Caicus River, which empties at a
distance of thirty stadia into the Elaitic Gulf, as it is called. On the far side of the Caicus, twelve stadia distant from the river, is Elaea, an Aeolic city, which also is a seaport of the Pergamenians, being one hundred and twenty stadia distant from

Pergamum.
68. Then, at a distance of a hundred stadia, one comes to Cane, the promontory which rises opposite Lectum and forms the Adramyttene Gulf, of which the Elaitic Gulf is a part. Canae is a small town of Locrians from Cynus, and lies in the Canaean territory opposite the southernmost ends of Lesbos.

This territory extends as far as the Arginussae Islands and the promontory above them, which some call Aega, making it the same as the word for the animal ^ but the second syllable should be
;

pronounced long, that

is,

"Aega,"

like

Acta and

Archa, for Aega used to be the name of the whole of the mountain which is now called Cane or Canae. The mountain is surrounded on the south and west by the sea, and on the east by the plain of the Caicus, which lies below it, and on the north by the territory of Elaea. This mountain forms a fairly compact mass off to itself, though it slopes towards the Aegaean Sea, whence it got its name.^ Later
*

It

is

not clear in the Greek whether Strabo says that the

its name from Aega or vice versa. Elsewhere he speaks of "Aegae in Boeotia, from which it is probable that the Aegean Sea got its name."

Aegean Sea got

(8. 7. 4)

STRABO
^ KeKXrjaOai,^ pov Bk avTO TO aKpwrrjpiov Alyh TO Be XoiTTOv K.dvrj Kal 0)9 lEaTTC^w ^iicTLV^ Kdvai. 69. Mera^v Be 'i^Xaia^ re kuI Unavr]^ koI *ATappecD<i kol Ylepydfxov TevOpavla earl, BU-

')(ov(Ta ovBe/jLta<i

avrwv

virep e^Bo/xiJKovra orTaBiov^;

rod KaiKOv, Kal 6 TevOpas KiXUcou koX ISAvawv laroprjraL ^aaiXevf;. EvpLirlBTjt B viro *AX,eoL'* <f)r](TL, rov t% Ai^7;9 Trar/jo?, et<? XdpvaKa
eVro?
TT}v

Avyqv Karamdelaav

d/xa

ra

ttulBI TT)Xi<l><p

Kara7rovr(o6i]vai, (fxopdaavrof; rrjp ef 'HpaKXeov^ (fidopdv ^AOt]vd<i Be irpovoia rrjv XdpvaKa rrepaio)Oelaav eKireaelv eh ro aropia rov KaiKov, rov Bk

aMfiara, rfj fiev to? eavrov rraiBi. rovro ovv p,vdo^, dXXrjv Be riva Bel yeyovkvai avvrvfiev %iav, BC fjv r) rov ApKdBo^ dvydrrjp rat Mvautv ^aaiXel avvrjXOe Kal 6 ef aurrj<; BieBe^aro rrjv iKelvou ^aaiXeiav. TreTTiarevrai S' ovv, on Kal 6 TevOpa^i Kul 6 Ti]Xe(f)o^ e^aaiXevaav tj)9 X^P^^ T779 TTcpl rrjv Tevdpavlav Kal rov KdiKOv, 6 Be
yafierfj ')(^p7]craa9ai, ru) B' 009
^

TevOpavra, dvaXa^ovra

ret

7roir}rT}(: eirl

roaovrov

/M/ivt)rat pLovov t/}9 iaropi.a<i

Tavrrjf:'

dXX* olov rov TifXe^iBrjv Karevt'jparo ^o-Xko) ripw XivpvTTvXov, TToXXol B* dp.(f>' avrov eraipot
iLyjretoi

Kreivovro yvvaiwv eXveKa Bwpcov

r^puv /.iciXXov
rj

C 616

atvtyfia rideU

X^ywi^ ri aa(f>e^.

Alyi, Meineke, for Alya I)E, Alya other

MSS.

KtKKva-eai MuUer-Diibner write iK\i)e-q. tp-naif, after Xainpd, moz insert ; but Meineke, following of Kramer, omits its Sair^c6. conj.

For

'

34

GEOGRAPHY,

13. i.

68-69

the promontory itself was called Aega, as in Sappho,^ but the rest was called Cane or Canae. 69. Between Elaea, Pitane, Atarneus, and Peris at no greater lies Teuthrania, which distance than seventy stadia from any of them and is this side the Caicus River ; and the story told is that Teuthras was king of the Cilicians and ^ Mysians. Euripides says that Auge, with her child Telephus, was put by Aleus, her father, into a chest and submerged in the sea when he had detected her ruin by Heracles, but that by the providence of Athena the chest was carried across the sea and cast ashore at the mouth of the Caicus, and that Teuthras rescued the prisoners, and treated the mother as his wife and the child as his own son.^ Now this is the myth, but there must have been some other issue of fortune through which the daughter of the Arcadian consorted with the king of the Mysians and her son succeeded to his kingdom. It is believed, at any rate, that both Teuthras and

gamum

Telephus reigned as kings over the country round Teuthrania and the Caicus, though Homer goes " But only so far as to mention the story thus what a man was the son of Telephus, the hero Eurypylus, whom he slew with the bronze; and round him were slain many comrades, Ceteians, on account of a woman's gifts." * The poet thus sets
:

ment
^
2

before us a puzzle instead of making a clear statefor we neither know whom we should under;

A fragment otherwise
Fray. 696 (Nauck).

unknown (Bergk
Cf. 12. 8. 2, 4.

Frag. 131). Odyssey 11. 521.

'k\4ov, Xylander, for ^kXAvov F, 'KXaiov other

MSS.

so

the later editors.

STRABO
ovre yap tov? Kyrelovf; ta/neV; ovariva^ Be^aaOat Sel, ovT TO yvvalcov e'lvcKa Baopayv aXXa /cal oi
ypafifiariKol

/xvOdpia 7rapa^dX\ovr<: evpeaiXorj

y over I fxdWov
70. ^Eida-Oo)

Xvovai rd
St)

^TjTon/ieva.

ravra, CKelvo V, oirep earl fiaXXov iv <j>avep(i), Xa^6vr<i XeyatpLCv, on iv Toi^ irepl TOP KdiKOP tottol^; <f>aLVTai ^e^aaiXevKco^i KaO^ "Opi)pov o Evpv7rvXo<i, oiar tatot KUL roiv ^^lXikwv ri pepo<i rjv VTi avru), kuI ov Bvo hwaarelai povov, dXXd KaX rpeU vTrijp^av iv avTOL<i. rd) Be Xoyw roincp (Tvvtjyopel to iv
rfj

^EXa'LTiBi

')(eLpapp(tiBe'!{

irordpiov
t?

Be'iKvvadai
Kai/coi^*

YirjTeLov ip,7rL7rTi B' outo? elr dXXov, Karacnpi<^ov(ri Be

Be KaiVco?

dXXov op^tov,
o

eh rov

ovk dnrb t^?

"I^r;? pel,
^

BaK)(^vXLBrj<{, ovB' 6pOa)<{

(prjal

Kaddtrep etprjKe \LvpnrLB7](i rov Mapavav

rh<i Bt,(i)vop,aap,va<i

vaieiv KeXaivd<i iaxdroi^i "12;;? tottoi?*

TToXv ydp T^9 "I St;? dnrdydev al KeXaival, iroXv Be KaX al rov KaiKOv Tnjyal' BeUvvvrai ydp iv TreStft). Trjpvov^ B^ iarlv opo<i, h Biopi^ei rovro re fcal rb KaXovpevov 'ATrta? neBiov, o vtrepKeirai iv rfj peaoyaia rov ^t)0r)<; ireBiov pel 5' ix rov Tijpvou^ irorapo<s Muo-fo?, ip^dXXwv el<; rov l^diKov vrro ral^ TTT/yat? avrov, d(f) ov BexovraC
Jones, for ouxJ F, oC^ other (Jroskurd conj. oCt' hXridui. omit the negative before it.
obi' opBuft,
*

conj.
*

Meineke

MSS. o6t' hp9mt Kramer would

;

Trtuvof,

Xylander, for

Tr\Kvov.

'

rov Tiinvov, Xylander, for rov T^kvow Dhitnoz, tAv Tl^Kvaiv

GFrwx.

136

GEOGRAPHY,
stand the poet to

13.

i.

69-70

mean by the "Ceteians" nor what he means by "on account of the gifts of a woman" ;i but the grammarians too throw in petty myths, more to show their inventiveness than to
solve questions.
70.

However,

let
is

taking that which

to

us dismiss these and let us, more obvious, say that, according
;

the

clearly reigned in the region of perhaps a part of the Cilicians were subject to him, in which case there were three dynasties among them and not merely two.^ This statement is supported by the fact that there is to be seen in the territory of Elaea a torrential stream called the Ceteius this empties into another like it, and this again into another, and they all end in the Caicus. But the Caicus does not flow from Ida, as

Homer, Eurypylus
Caiciis, so that

in

^ neither is Euripides * correct Bacchylides states saying that Marsyas "dwells in widely-famed " for Celaenae, in the farthermost region of Ida (^elaenae is very far from Ida, and the sources of the Caicus are also very far, for they are to be seen in a plain. Temnus is a mountain which forms the boundary between this plain and the Plain of Apia, as it is called, which lies in the interior above the Plain of Thebe. From Temnus flows a river called Mysius, which empties into the Caicus below its
; ;

sources

and

it

was from
myths
l,c.)
;

this fact, as

some interpret

^ On the variant thius (note on Od.,

of AugS and Telephus see Eustaalso Leaf's note and references (p.

340). 2 Cf. 13.

'
*

1.

A fragment otherwise unknown

Frag. 1085 (Nauck).

7, 67.

(Bergk 66).

137

STRABO
Tiv<!

elirelv

iv MvpfjLtBoai
Icb

AI<txv\ov Kara TrpoXoyov

ttjv

ela^oXrjv rov

KaiKe MvaiaC
injycop

r* iirippoai.

iyyv<;
i)v

Be roiv

Kco/xrj

TepyiOd

iariVj

eh

/jLerwKiaev

"ArTaXo?

Tov<i iv ttj

TpeodSt, to

X^pi'Ov e^eXoiv.

II
rfj irapaXla ttj diro Aefcrov p-^xpi' KavSiV avTvirapareTarai vyjao^ rj Aea/3o<;, Xoyov d^ia TrXeuarov {rrepLKeLTai Be avTrj fcai vrjaia, ra
1.

*E7ret^ Be

/xev e^coOeu, ret, Be koX ev rSi^ fiCTa^v avTrj<^ re Ka\ rr]<; rjirelpov), Kaip6<: i)Bt) Trepl tovtcov elirelv' Kai yap ravrd eariv AloXiku, arx^Bbv Be ri kuI tmp AloXifCwv fir)Tpo7roXi(t rj Aecr/3o? VTrd p^(^i TToXerov. dpKreov 8' dcpi* iivirep Koi rrfv irapaXiav
7n')X0o/j,eu rr}v Kar 2. 'Atto AeKTov

avrrjv.

Toivvv

^PX^

'^^'>

A6fT/9ia9 earl

iirl "Aaaov irXeovaiv Kara ^iypiov ro rrpo^i

evravOa Be trov KaX avrrj<i dxpov. Mi)6vfMva 7roXt9 Aea^Uov earlv diTo e^tJKotn-a araBlrov t?}? k llnXvfMijBLOv irpo^ rtjp "Aaaop Be tt}? rrepi/xerpov araBicav ov(Ty]<{ TrapaXlaf;. XtXlwv eKarov, rjv rj avfiTraaa eKrrXripol VT](TO<i,
dptcrov

rd KaOeKaara ovrM<; exec teiro Mt)Ov/^Lvr)t els MaXiap TO voricorarop dxpop ep Be^td e^ovat
'

'pytOa, CoraiH, for r^pyi)$a,

;

'

iwfl oz

iici

other

MSS

r^, Corals, for rp.

38

GEOGRAPHY,

13.

i.

70-2. 2

the passage, that Aeschylus ^ said at the opening of thou Caicus the prologue to the Mymiidons, " Oh and ye Mysian in-flows." Near the sources is a village called Gergitha, to which Attalus transferred the Gergithians of the Troad when he had destroyed
I

their place.

II
1. Since Lesbos, an island worthy of a full account, lies alongside and opposite the coast which extends from Lectum to Canae, and also has small islands lying round it, some outside it and some between it and the mainland, it is now time to describe these for these are Aeolian, and I might almost say that Lesbos is the metropolis of the Aeolian cities. But I must begin at the point whence I began to traverse the coast that lies opposite the island. 2. Now as one sails from Lectum to Assus, the Lesbian country begins at Sigrium, its promontory
;

on the north. 2
also

In this general neighbourhood is city of the Lesbians, sixty stadia distant from the coast that stretches from Polymedium to Assus. But while the perimeter which is filled out by the island as a whole is eleven hundred stadia, the several distances are as follows From Methymna to Malia, the southernmost ^ promontory to one keeping the island on the right, I

Methymna, a

Frag. 143 (Nauck).

But Sigrium was the westernmost promontory

of the

island.
'

More

' '

accurately,

southwesternmost."

139

STRABO
617 Tr)v vrjaov, fcaO^ h at Kdvai /idXiara dvTiKetvrai ry vqacp /cat avvaTrapTL^ov(ri, ardBiol CLtri TpiUKoaLoi TerrapaKOvra' ivreitdev 5' eVl ^iypiov, oirep earl Trj<t vijaov to /j,rjfco<:, TrevraKoa-ioi
iirl BiaKoaioi rrjv e^ijKOPTa' iT MrjOvfivav heKa. M.iTv\r)vri he Kclrai /xera^v MrjOvfivrji: koI
^

T^9

MaXta<?

77

/jLeyiarr)

ttoX*?,

Bi)(^ova-a

Tfj<t

MaXta?
CKarbv
TTJ

^SufjL7]KovTa (TTaSLov<;, tmp Be Kavwv eiKoaiv, ocrov^ kol tmv ^Apyipovcracov, at

Tpel<i fiev

ri7relp(p,

elaiv ov p.eyaXai vijaoi, TrXrjaid^ovai Bk ev Be TrapaKelfMepai^ rah KaVat?.

T<p fjuCTa^v MltvXijvt)'!

kul

t%

M7}6vfivy]<{

kut^

KWfirjv

T^9

MrjOvfivala^;,

arevcordTrj

iarlv

tj

Uvppaiojp iBpvTaL B' r) Ylvppa ev T(p kcnrepi^ TrXevpcp t7]<; Aia^ov, Biexovaa rri<; MaXta? eKarov. c^ei B' t) ^nvXrjvr) Xi^eva<i Bvo, a)v 6 voTia KXeiaro*; ^ vaval TreprrjKovra, 6 Be ^6peio<; fieya^ TpLTjptKot; KaX ^adv^, ;^a)/xaTt aKeira^opevo^' npoKeirai 6' afi(f)0Lv vrjalnv, p.epo<; rrj^ TroXew? exov avTodi KaTeaKevaarai Be Tol<i wdai avvoiKovfievoV
KoXco^.
3. "Ai'Spa? B' eax^v ipB6(ov<;, to TraXaiov fih HiTTaKov, eva ruyv kind ao<f>(i)P, koI top ttoitjttjp

eU

TOP

Kokov^ievqv Aiyeipou, vfjao^i, virep^aaiv e-)(pv(Ta Kvptirov <naBiu)v elKoaiv,

AXkuiop Kal TOP

*AXfcaio^

dBX<f>bp

ApTtfiepiBap, op

<f>t]a'ip

Ba^vXtoPLOtf;

avfi/xaxovPTa

TeXeaat

M^Owwvav, Kramer, for

Tii,

Vl-nOvnyalav.

after iraoaKtlfitvai, omitted by Corais and later editors. rpiripiKSsf Meineke, for rpt^iptiKai.

moz and ejected by

Wesseling
oonj.

140

GEOGRAPHY,
mean
at the point opposite the island

13. 2.

2-3

where Canae lies most directly and precisely corresponds with it, the distance is three hundred and forty stadia thence to Sigrium, which is the length of the island, five hundred and sixty and then to Methymna, two hundred and ten.^ Mitylene, the largest city, lies between Methymna and Malia, being seventy stadia distant from Malia, one hundred and twenty from Canae, and the same distance from the Arginussae, which are three small islands lying near the mainland In the interval between Mitylene alongside C^anae. and Methymna, in the neighbourhood of a village
;
;

called Aegeirus in the Methymnaean territory, the island is narrowest, with a passage of only twenty stadia over to the Euripus of the Pyrrhaeans. Pyrrha is situated on the western side of Lesbos at a distance of one hundred stadia from Malia. Mitylene has two harbours, of which the southern can

be closed and holds only fifty triremes, but the northern is large and deep, and is sheltered by a Off" both lies a small island, which contains mole. And the a part of the city that is settled there. city is well equipped with everything. in early 3. Mitylene has produced famous men times, Pittacus, one of the Seven Wise Men and the poet Alcaeus, and his brother Antimenidas, who,
:

according to Alcaeus, won a great struggle when fighting on the side of the Babylonians, and rescued
*

The

total, 1110,

being ten more than the round number

given above.

TpirjpiKhs Kot yaiKTradnov,

2. 15.

the complete phrase found in 14.

141

STRABO
fM^yav

aBXov koX k

TTovoiv

avrov^ pvaaadai,
^

KTeivavra

avBpa fiaxairav, ^aaCKrjLov iraXaarav ^ (w? (prjaL) CLTToXeiirovTa

*

'

fiovov

/xlav
Traxeo)!/ olttv irlfiTrmv.^

avvrjKfiaae Be tovtoi<; koX 17 "^arrrcfxt), Oav/jLatrrop TL ')(^prifia' oh yap icr/j-ev ev rw roaovrq) ')(^p6v(p t^ /jLvr)/jiovVO/jLvrp (Pafeiadv Tiva yvpalfca ivdfuXXou, ovBe Kara fxiicpov, eKeivr) iroi/jaeax: )(^dpiv. irvpavvyjOrj Be 17 ttoX/? vTTo irXeiovoiv Bia

Kara
Ta<i

tov<; ')(^povov<;

tovtov^
teal
tcL

BiyoaTa(Tia<;,

(naaicdTLKCL Ka\nv/j.eva rov hXKaiov vonj/xaTa ire pi Tovrwv eariv iv Be toI<; Tvpdvi/oi<i Kal 6

'A\KaLO<; /xev ovv Ofiolo)^ HiTTa/co? eyevero. iXoiBopeiTO Kal tovtm Kal roU d\XoL<;, MvpaCX^ Kal MeXdyxpfp^ Kal tol<; KXeavaKTiBai^ Kal aXXoi^: Tialv, ovB' avr6<; KaOapevwv rwv Toiovjoav
IltTTaAco? B' ct? fiev Trjv ruiv BwaueodTepicr/xMif. (TTeiayv KardXvaiv e^pfjaaro rfj fLOvap)(La Kal

avTo^, KaraXvcra^ Be direBcaKe rtjv avTOvopaav rt) varepov 8' eyevero ypovot^ TroXXot? Ato(f)dv7j<; 6 pjjTcop' Ka$' i)/JLa<; Be llordfitov Kal A6o-^o/cXr;9 Kal Kpivayopa^ Kal 6 (Tvyypa<l>ev<i
TToXei.

ovTo<; Be Kal 7roXiriKO<; dvijp vTrqp^e ^0(f>dvr)<:. Kal WofXTn^rp rfo ^\dyv(p Kaiearri ^LXo<i, fidXiara Bid 7r)v dperijv avrtjv, Kal irdaaf avyKariopOcoaev
*

ea(ri\i]tny,

O,

MiiUer (quoted by Bergk,

(iraAtiffTai'

who
;

prefers

fia(riKr}('xv),
*

for fiiaiK-fiuy.

waKaardv \)Vhi and Kramer

other

Meineke)

va\ai

<rray

MSS.

14a

GEOGRAPHY,
them from
their toils

13. 2.

by

killing

"a

wrestler" (as he says), five cubits in height."

flourished also Sappho,
all

"who was but one short of ^ And along with these a marvellous woman for in
;

warrior, the royal

the time of which we have record I do not know of the appearance of any woman who could rival Sappho, even in a slight degree, in the matter of poetry. The city was in those times ruled over by several tyrants because of the dissensions among the inhabitants and these dissensions are the subject of the Stasiotic^ poems, as they are called, of Alcaeus. And also Pittacus^ was one of the Now Alcaeus would rail alike at both tyrants. Pittacus and the rest, Myrsilus and Melanchrus and the Cleanactidae and certain others, though even he himself was not innocent of revolutionary attempts; but even Pittacus himself used monarchy for the overthrow of the oligarchs, and then, after overthrowing them, restored to the city its indef)endence. Diophanes the rhetorician was born much later but Potamon, Lesbocles, Crinagoras, and Theophanes the historian in my time. Theophanes was also a statesman and he became a friend to Pompey the Great, mostly through his very ability, and helped him to succeed in all his achievements j
; ; ;

1 3

Fraq. 33 (Bergk).

Seditious.

Reigned 589-579
Miiller,

B.C.

'

iLTroKeiiroyra,

for

a'iro\nr6yTa

so

Kramer and
so

Meineke.
*

fxlau,
*

Miiller, for aviav

Tre'uTTa'j/

so

Kramer and Meineke.

Miiller,

avu

{oLTruir^/jLTrwy

F),

for airoire fiirwv

Kramer and Meineke.

*

MeKciyxpV^ Groskurd and other

editors, for

MeAavSpy F,

MeyaXoyvpcp other

MSS.
143

STRABO
aifT^

T^9

eKOCfMrjae

ra

d)v rrfv re waTplBa a<j> frpd^eif;' fieu 8c ifcelvov, rk Se Bi eavTOv, koI

C 618 kavTOv trdvTwv

tojp 'EtWijvcov ein^aveiTTaTOV dveBei^ev viov re d-rreXnTe MdpKOv llofnr^iov, ov Tr)9 'Atrta? eirirpoiTov Karearrjai ttotc Kalaap 6 X^a<Tr6<:, xal vvv iv roU Tr/jwrot? efera^JeTat Tcov Ti^epLOv <f)ik(i)v. *A0T]valoi 5' eKLvhvvevaav

fiV

dvTjKeaTQ)

yjroyw

Trepnreaeiv,
t)p,pa

ylrT)<f)iad/xi'oi

M.iTv\r}i>aiov<i ^^)}Bop d7ro(r<f)ayrji>aL, ficTeyvoyaav

hi,

KaX

<f)6r}

fjLLa

Oclttov

d(f)LyfjiPOv o)? TOV<; <TTpaTr}yov<: irpiv

17

to -^rii^Lafia irpa^ai to

TrpoaTax0v. 4. 'H ^6 Ylvppa Kariarpa-rrrai, to Se irpodaTiov OLKeiTai Kal e)(t Xifiepa, 66 ev eh MirvXi]vqv V7rep/Saai<; (xraBuov oyBoyjKOvra. cIt 'Epeo-<ro9 <TTi fxerd rrjv Ylvpi^av Xhpvrai 5' cVl X6<f>ov KaOrjKet, re eirX OdXarrav elr* en) to Xiypiov evTevdev (ttuBiol clfcocrioKTco' e^ ^Rpetraov 5' r^aav e6<^pa(TT6<; Te KaX <\>avia^, oi ck t&v pier tot eXov<i yvuipip.01,. TrepnrdTcov (^iXoao^oi, TvpTapo<i 5' eKaXeLTo efiirpoaOev 6 ^e6(f>pa<rT0^t

fiTCDp6/xa<T B'
a/j,a

avTov

^Apt(TT0TXrj<;

fiev

<pvy(ov

ttjv

tov

^e6<ppa<TT0Vt irporepov ovofuiTO^;

KaK0(f>a)ViaVy
7roir}(T

dfMa Be top ttj<; <f)pdaeci)<; avTOV ^fjXop e7n(xy/iiaip6fxPO<;- diraPTa^i p^p ydp Xoyiov^
TOv<; fjiaOr}Td<i 'AptaTOTeXrjf!,

XoyKOTUTOV
eaTi

Be

^e6<f>paaT0P.
7roX,t<?,

"ApTiaaa

B'

<p^rj^

t^

Xifxeva' eireiTa Mi]Ovp,pa, ipTCvOep 5' tJi/ Apcayp 6 eirX T(p BeXiplvi pvOevovTTo TUiP irepX 'VipoBoTOP eh Taipapov /levo^
%i.ypt(p

e^ovaa

acoOijvai, KaTa7roPTQ)0X<; viro

twp

Xrj<rT(OP'
Tf]<i

ovto^
avTi]^

fiepovv KiOap^B6<;. 144

Kal TepTrupBpop Be

GEOGRAPHY,

13- 2.

3-4

vrhence he not only adorned his native land, partly through Pompey and partly throui^h himself^ but also rendered himself the most illustrious of all the He left a son, Marcus Pompey, whom Greeks. Augustus Caesar once set up as Procurator of Asia, and who is now counted among the first of the The Athenians were in danger friends of Tiberius. of suffering an irreparable disgrace when they voted that all Mitylenaeans from youth upwards should be slain, but they changed their minds and their counterdecree reached the generals only one day before the order was to be executed. 4. Pyrrha has been rased to the ground, but its suburb is inhabited and has a harbour, whence there
is

a passage of eighty stadia over

hills to

Mitylene.
;

Then, after Pyrrha, one comes to Eressus it is situated on a hill and extends down to the sea. Then to Sigrium, twenty-eight stadia from Eressus. Both Theophrastus and Phanias, the peripatetic philosophers, disciples of Aristotle, were from Eressus. Theophrastus was at first called Tyrtamus,
but Aristotle changed his name to Theophrastus, at the same time avoiding the cacophony of his former name and signifying the fervour of his speech ; for Aristotle made all his pupils eloquent, but TheoAntissa, a city with a phrastus most eloquent of all. And harbour, comes next in order after Sigrium. then Methymna, whence came Arion, who, according to a myth told by Herodotus and his followers, safely escaped on a dolphin to Taenarum after being thrown into the sea by the pirates. Now Arion played, and sang to, the cithara; and Terpander,

145

STRABO
/lovtTiKtj^i

TcyyiT'qv 'yeyovhai <f)a<Tl koI t?}? avrrj^ vqaov, TOP irpSyrov avrl Tf)<; Terpa^opBov Xvpa^ 7rrax6pSa) ')(^pr)adfxvov' Kaddirep Koi iv rot? dva(f>6po/xepoLf: eireariv et? avrov Xiyerai'

aol

S' r)/jLLS

kinaTovcp
Kol

<f>6p/j,tyyL

TTpdyr)pvv d7ro(TTpiy\ravTe<; aoihrfv^ veovt KeXaBi^aofiev vpvov^.

Be
Aetr/Sto?

'EWa'wACO?

KaWta?
ad/j,vo<;.
*

ttjv '^a-rrcpd)

xal avyypa<f)v<; xal rov ^AXkuIop i^yyijfiCTa^v

ire pi

5. Karh Se top iropO/xop top Acria^ koX t^? Aea/Sov pyjala eVrl

t^?

eiKoaip,

0)9 Be 'VLp.oa6epi}<; (f)i]ai,

h*

'llKaTOPPyaoi KaTo. 6^09 Tt Tov

T0t9 ToiovTOi^, 0)9
'

TCTTap^KoPTa' KoKovPTai cvpOeTw^, o)? Ylekoiropp-qao^i,

ypdfip,aT0<i irXeopd^oPTO^ tp

Mv6j'pt]ao<;

koI

II poKOPprja-o^

XeyeruL

xal

olop claip, 'AttoAXo)!/'

'KKaTOPPija-ol 'AiroXXwpopprjaoi, ''EfcaTo<; yhp 6

AX6ppi]<ro<i,

&(n

TavTi)p
"XfinSevf;

iraph iraaap yap Btj ttjp irapaXiav 'AttoXXwi/ iKTCTL/jLrjTat fiexpt^ TeveBov,
rj

KtWato?

fcaXovp,vo<:

rj

Vpvpev^

r;

Tipa dXXyjp iirttyvvpiaP e%a)v. irXiiaiop Be tovtwp iaTL Kalrj ilopBoa-eXijp)},^ iroXip 6pi(opvfxop e^ovaa C 619 ip avrfj' kol irpo 77)9 7ro\ft)9 TavTTj<; dXXyj pfjao<i^
uel^fop
avTi'j'i ofJiOiPVfio^, eprj/xo^,

Upop dyiop ex^ovaa

Av6XX(opo<i.
6. Trt? Be Bva(f>7jfjiia<i
TLPe'i

twp

opofiurayp <f)vyopT^^

ipTavOa

TO
'

8'

Xeyeip <f)aal, AaTTopBrjpop o/?o9 to Trepl Uepya/JLOP, Tpa')(y

ixev Xlopo(TXi)P7)p Belv

Instead of l\op^oa(\-f\vi\, Wiirwxz read napiofffK-ffyrj. -kSkis {roKvi F) after vrjaos, Jones ejects, following conj.

of Kiiuner

and C. MuUer.

14b

GEOGRAPHY,
said to have

13. 2.

4-6

been an artist in the same also, is music and to have been born in the same island, having been the first person to use the sevenstringed instead of the four-stringed lyre, as we are " For thee told in the verses attributed to him I, having dismissed four-toned song, shall sing new hymns to the tune of a seven-stringed cithara."^ Also Hellanicus the historian, and Callias, who interpreted Sappho and Alcaeus, were Lesbians. 5. In the strait between Asia and Lesbos there are about twenty small islands, but according to Timosthenes, forty. They are called Hecatonnesi,
:

a compound name like Peloponnesus, the second letter n being customarily redundant in such compounds, as in the names Myonnesus, Proconnesus, and Halonnesus and consequently we have Hecatonnesi, which means Apollonnesi, for Apollo is for along the whole of this coast, called Hecatus
;
;

as far as

Tenedos, Apollo is highly honoured, being called Sminthian or Cillaean or Grynian or by some Near these islands is Pordoseother appellation. lene, which contains a city of the same name, and also, in front of this city, another island, larger and of the same name, which is uninhabited and has a

temple sacred to Apollo.

6.

Some

names, say that in

selene,"

writers, to avoid the indecency of the " Porothis place we should read

rocky

and that we should call Aspordenum, the and barren mountain round Pergamum, *^ Asporenum," and the temple of the Mother of the
1

Frag. 5 (Bergk).
SO the later editors.

<p%iyovTS, Corals, for tpvyovres

STRABO
'

xal to Upop to Tt o^u ^rjaofxev rrjv Ylop^aXiv kol rov XairipBrjp Kal top YiephiKKav KoX TO ^ifioovihov
Xvirpov
6v,

Kal

Aairoprjvov,^

evravda rrjt;

M.r)Tp6<; rSyv 6eo)v ^Aa7roprjvrj<:.^

avv TTopBaKolaiv eKTreaovre^

avrX

e'lfiaaiv^
ap-)(^aia

rov

Bia/3p6xoi';,

Kal ev

rfj

ttov

KCoiKphia

irophaKov TO x^plop,

TO XifjLPa^ov ; Bi\l S* 77 Aeo-ySo? to laov dvo T?;? TepeBov Kal Aij/ivov Kal Xtou a)(^eB6p ri ra>v TrepraKoaiwp ipBoripQ) araBlcop.

Ill
1. 1l otavrri^ Be t^9 Trpo? tol*? Tpwa? oIki6' t7;to9 V7rap)(0vat]f; toI<; re AeXe^t Kal roU KlXt^i,

^rjrovaLP airiap, BC rjv ov (TvyKaraXeyoprai xal ovroi v ra> KaraXoyrp, cIko^ Be Bia rijp rS>p
rfyefiopoup

Bia^dopap

Kal

rrjp

rotp

iroXewp

eKTTopOriaLP 6Xlyov<i viroXei<^6epra<t to 1)9 KtXt/ca? viro r(fi "EKropL rdrreadai' o re yap 'Hericop

Kal OL TralBe^ avrov Xeyovrai irpo rov KaraXoyov

Bia^Oaprfpai'
rjrok

fiep

trarep

dfxop

dneKrapc

Blo^

*A;)^iX-

Xeu9, iK Bk TToXip iripa-ep KtXtACwi^,

Sij^rjp vyjriTTvXop.
Instead of 'K(nr6pnpop,
'Ke-rotupvs o*.

reads 'A<nrpdKrop, ox 'Aairopirop.

148

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 2. 6-3. 1

" " Asporene mother.^ gods there the temple of the shall we say of Pordalis and Saperdes What, then, and Perdiccas, and of the phrase of Simonides,

"

banished,

'

'

pordacian

clothes and all," instead of

in the early comedy, "the place is 'pordacian,*" that is, the place that " " is marshy ? Lesbos is equidistant from Tenedos and Lemnos and Chios, one might say rather less than five hundred stadia.

"wet"

clothes, and,

somewhere

Ill
1. Since the Leleges and the Cilicians were so closely related to the Trojans, people inquire for the reason why they are not included with the Trojans But it is reasonable to suppose in the Catalogue. that because of the loss of their leaders and the sacking of their cities the few Cilicians that were left were placed under the command of Hector, for both Eetion and his sons are said to have " been slain before the Catalogue ^ Verily my father was slain by the goodly Achilles, who utterly sacked the city of Cilicians, Thebe of the lofty gates.
:

1 i.e. they avoid "pord," which, as also "perd," stem of an indecent Greek word.

is

the

* i.e. before the marshalling of the troops as described in the Catalogue. *

*

etfjiaa-iv,

&/i4Jv,

Tyrwhitt, for 'luaaiv so the later editors. Xylander, for 4fx6v ; so the later editora
',

149

STRABO
OL Be fiOL kirra KacrlyvrjTOi eaav iv fieyapoKTiv, ol fjLv Trdvr<i Iw klov tj/xari "A/ ^09 elaw

'rrdvras

yap

KaTeirecjive

TroBdpfcrj*;

Blo<!

*A^X-

X6U?.
ct)? 8' ai/Tft)9 Kal 01 VTTO MvvrjTi uTTo^e^XrjKaaL Kal rrjv ttoXiv

rov<i re r)ye/x6va<{

KuB* Be Mvi/ryr' e/SaXe kol *E7riaTpo<pov, rrepaev Be ttoXlv Oeloio Mui't^to?.

Tou? Be AeXey a<i

TOL<i

/xev

dya>ai irapovja^i

troiel,

orav ovTO)

Xeyij-

dX6< Kdpe<i kol Ylaiove^ dyKvXoTO^oi Kal AeX.e7e9 Kal KavKcovci'

7r/309 p,v

Kal

ndXiv
'S.dTPiov ovracre Bovpl

OlvoiriBy^v, ov a pa vvik^tj rcKe N/;t9 d/jivp,(ov OivoTTL ^ouKoXeovTi Trap' 6^0 a^ "^arvioevTo^i.

ov yap ovT(o<i e^eXeXoiTreaav reXeax;, ware p,r) Kal KaO^ avrov<i e^eiv ri avarrj/ia, are rov /SaatXecof; avrcov en rrepioprofj,
"AXtco), 09 AeXeyeaai <l)LXo7rroXe/xoiaiv dvdaa-ei,

Kal

rrj^ TToXeo)?

ov TeXe&x?

7)<f>avia/xi'7)<{'

eiTK^epei,

yhp
Xl}]Baaov aLTTijeaaav e^cop eVt
*

Xarvioei'ri.
avrov^i, ev

C 620

ev

/.Lcproi

rw KaraXoyo) irapaXeXoLtrev
r)yovpepo<i

ovx

i/capop

ro

a-vcmjfia,

axrr

KaraXoyw rdrreaOai,
rovrovf;

Kal^ virb to) "EiKropi Kal 1) avyKaraXeycop, outcd? 6vra<i olKeiov^. ykp AvKacop f^rjaip, dBeX<f>h<: &p "EKropof

GEOGRAPHY,
And

13. 3. i
all

the seven brothers of mine in our halls,

these on the same day^ went inside the

home

of

by swift-footed, goodly Achilles." ^ And so, in the same way, those subject to Mynes lost both their leaders and their city "And he laid low Mynes and Epistrophus, and sacked the city of godlike Mynes." ^ But he makes the Leleges present at the battles when he says as follows " Towards the sea are situated the Carians and the Paeonians, with curved bows, and the * And again, " he pierced Leleges and Caucones."
: :

Hades, for

all

were

slain

with his spear Satnius, son of Oenops, whom a noble Naiad nymph bore to Oenops, as he tended his herds beside the banks of the Satnioeis" ;^ for they had not so completely disappeared that they
did not have a separate organisation of their own,
since their king
still

survived,

"of

Altes,

who

is

lord

over the war-loving Leleges," ^ and since their city had not been utterly wiped out, for the poet adds, "who holds steep Pedasus on the Satnioeis."^

However, the poet has omitted them in the Catalogue, not considering their organisation sufficient to have a place in it, or else including them under the com-

mand
1

of Hector because they were so closely related

2

3
6

i.e. with Eetion. * Iliad 2. 692, 19. 296. Iliad 21. 86. Iliad 14. 443.

j^i^d 6. 414. Jliad 10. 428.

'

Iliad 21. 87.

ivl, Corals, for virS.

Ka(j

before vv6, omitted by 0.

151

STRABO
/jiivvvOuBtov Bi fie fiyJTrjp

yetvaro AaoOorj, Oujuttjp'' AXrao yepovTo^, "AXreo), 09 AekeyeaaL ^LKoTnoXefiotaiv avda'

aei.

ravra

fieu

ovv roiavTrjv riva ex^c

rrjv

cIkoto-

Xoyiav. 2. ElKOToXoyelv h' early kclv et rt? tov tiKpi^i) opou, p-^XP^ tIvo<; ol ^rjrel Kara top Troirjrrjp KlXik<; BUreivov Kal ol YleXaayoi kol ti ol p.Ta^v TOVTCov KjjTeioi Xeyopevoi ol viro r^ irepl pev ovv tcov KlXikwu kul tcoi/ KvpvTTvXq). VTT FiVpvTTvXq) ra evovra etprjrai, Kal Bioti iwl ^ Tci toi)? Be irepl TOP KuIkov pdXLcna Treparovvrai.

UeXaayov^; evXoyov TovTOi<i

ra>v v(f
laropLa<i.
6 fxev
5'

<^e^7;? ridevai,

etc

re

'Oprjpov Xeyopepcov

Kal eK r^? dXXij^

yap
dye

ovro) (^rjariv

'ImroBoo^
pdypiov,
rCiv, OL

<^vXa

YleXaayutv

eyx^ai-

TCOV

Adptaav ipi^coXaKa vaicrdaaKOv' ^px 'Itttto^oo? T IlvXai6<i T* o^of; "A/oi/o?,

UeXacryov TevraplSao.
re

vie BvQ) AyjSoio

b)v

TrXt/Oof: ep<l>aivi d^ioXoyov ro t&p e^ UeXaa-ycov {ov yap <f)vXov, dXXd <f>vXa e^r)) Kal voXXal fiev ovv rr)v oiKtjaiv ev Aapiarj (f>pd^c. al Adpiaai, Bel Be r(oi' eyyv<i Tiva Be^aaOai,

pdXiara
opOtofi'

Kvprjv vvoXd^oi ri<; pev KaB* Apa^irov ev oyjreL reXeox: earl rw 'IXiw, Kal e'TYj)? a^oBpa ev BiaKoaLOi<i ttov araBioi<i, uiar ovk civ Xeyono
5'

dv

ttjv

irepl

'

rpiwv yap

ov(to)v,

i)

*
t-Kl,

Meineke

inserts.

15a

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 3.

1-2

for Lycaon, who was a brother of Hector, says, " to a short span of life my mother, daughter of the old man Altes, bore me Altes who is lord over the ^ Such, then, are the probawar-loving Leleges." bilities in this matter. 2. And it is also a matter of reasoning from probabilities if one inquires as to the exact bounds to which the poet means that the Cilicians extended,

and the Pelasgians, and also the Ceteians, as they are called, under the command of Eurypylus, who lived between those two peoples. Now as for the Cilicians and the peoples under the command of Eurypylus, all has been said about them that can be said, and that their country is in a general way bounded by the region of the Caicus River. As for the Pelasgians, it is reasonable, both from the words of Homer and from history in general, to place them
as follows

next in order after these peoples ; for Homer says " And Hippothoiis led the tribes of the Pelasgians that rage with the spear, them that dwelt
:
;

these were ruled by Hippothoiis and Pylaeus, scion of Ares, the two sons of Pelasgian ^ Lethus, son of Teutamus." By these words he clearly indicates that the number of Pelasgians was " " tribe " and considerable, for he says tribes," not he also specifies their abode as " in Larisa." Now there are many Larisas, but we must interpret him as meaning one of those that were near and best of all one might rightly assume the one in the neighbourhood of Cyme for of the three Larisas the one near Hamaxitus was in plain sight of Ilium and very near it, within a distance of two hundred stadia, and
in fertile Larisa
;

therefore

it

could not be said with plausibility that

Iliad

2L

84.

Iliad

2.

840.

VOL. VI.

153

STRABO
TnOav(t)<i

'Itttto^oo?

nsaeiv iv t^

virep

Ua-

TpoxXov dyayvi

T^V
yap

OTTO Aapiar}^,

TavTrjff ye,

TTOv

Kw/jLTj

fiaWov tj}? Trepl Kvfxijp' "x^lXioi crrd^ioi fxera^v' rpiTrj 8' earl hapia-a, T?}9 'E^eo-i'a? P T(p Kava-TpLO) irehirp, rjv

aWa

(f>aa-L TToXiv virdp^ai rrporepov, )(ovaav Kal Upov 'AttoWcoi^o? Aapiai]vov, TrXT^auL^ovaav T(vT/j.(o\(p fiaXkov ri rf) 'E(/)ecr^* Tavrr}<; yap eKarov kqX (xxne vtto roif; oySorjKOi'Ta Bie)(^6L ara^iovi,

M^oaiv dv
av^t}OevTe<i
ov<;

ri<i

rdrToi
<}>a/xEV,

ravTtjv,
tT;?

'K(j>(noi

5'

varepov
ra)P

TroWijv

ra)V

^Irjovayv,

vvv

Avhov<i
Tf

direjep-ovTO,

war

ovh'

avTi]

dv

eKelvyj fidXXov.
AapL(Tr}<i
r]8r]

TleXaaycov Adpiaa Lr], dXX' Koi yap tt}? /jlv iv ttj Kavarpiavfj

Tore'

ovBev exop-ev TKp.rjpLOv lax^poi', 009 rjv ovhk yap rr}? 'Ecjbeo-ou* t/;? hk Trepl ttjv

C 621

Kvp,t]v p,apTvpL6v ecTTt irda-a 1) AIoXik?) icnopia, pLiKpov varepov roov TptoiKcov yevofievrj.

yap tov<; k tov ^piKiov rov vrrep (^eppovvXayv AoKpiKOV 6pov<; 6pp,rjdvra<i fcarapai Kvp,ij icni, pev eU TOV roTTOv, ottov vvv
3. <I'a<Tl
rj

KaTaXa/36vTa<i Be tov<; T[Xa(Tyov<i KeKaKwfxevov; VTTO TOV TpcoiKou TToXepov, KaTexovTa<; 8' o/xo)?
Ti
TTJV

Adpiaav

Biexovaav

t?}?

KvpT)<:

oaov

e^Bop^/jKOvra araBiovf;, e'mTei\i(Tat, avTol<^ ro vvv eTi, Xey6p.evov Neov Ttxo<i diro rpidKovra araBi(ov

Kal Trj<t AapL<Trj<;, eXovra'i'^ Be KTuaat rrjv Kvptjv T0U9 irepLyevopevovfi dvdpd>7rov<i eKelae dvoiKlaar
^ in TOV ^piniov, Tyrwliitt, for iv editors.

r^ pif/y

so the later

GEOGRAPHY,
away from
is

13. 3.

2-3

Hippothoiis"

fell

in

this

"

the fight over Patroclus "far Larisa," but rather from the

Larisa near Cyme, for the distance between the two about a thousand stadia. The third Larisa is a village in the territory of Ephesus in the Cayster Plain ; it is said to have been a city in earlier times, containing a temple of Larisaean Apollo and being situated closer to Mt. Tmolus than to Ephesus. It is one hundred and eighty stadia distant from Ephesus, and might therefore be placed under the

Maeonians.
territory

But the Ephesians, having grown

off for

in

{)ower, later cut

of the call Lydians, so that this could not be the Larisa of the Pelasgians either, but rather the one near Cyme. In fact we have no strong evidence that the Larisa in the Cayster Plain was already in existence at that time, for we have no such evidence as to Ephesus either; but all Aeolian history, which arose but shortly after the Trojan times, bears testimony to the existence of the Larisa near Cyme. 3. For it is said that the people who set out from Phricium, the Locrian mountain above Thermopylae, put in at the place where Cyme now is, and finding the Pelasgians in bad plight because of the Trojan War, though still in possession of Larisa, which was

much of Maeonians, whom we now

themselves

the

about seventy stadia distant from Cyme, built on

frontier what is still to-day called Neon Teichos,^ thirty stadia from Larisa, and that, having captured Larisa, they founded Cyme and settled there the survivors. And Cyme is called Cyme

their

^.1
^

"

New

wall."
for iKdovras
;

(Kovras,

Corals,

Kramer/^aad^ Meineke,
^''--

kviXeoyras GroBknvdi

155

STRABO
Se rov AoKpiKov opov<; rr)v re Kufitjif ^piKwviha Ka\ov(TLV, 6/xoia)s' Be koI ttjv Adpiaav' on 8' ol WeXaayol fiiya ^p pi]fir) 5' icrrl vvv.
arro
edvo^;,

peladal

aWrji; i(TTopLa<; ovrax; eKfiapru6 'EXatrrj^; ev rol<i irepX KTuaecov cfyrjal ttjv irapaklav rrjv vvv 'Iq)Vlk7]V Trdaav, diro MvKaXrj<; dp^afxivr^v, viro WeXaaySiv OLKelaOdt, rrporepov Kai ra? TrXrjalov Aea^ioc 8' viro UvXal^ rerdxOai \evrjaov<;.
tt;?
^

Koi ck

^acn'

Mei/e-/)aT?7? yoifv

yovai a^a^t T(p viro rov ttoitjtou Xeyofievtp ra)v rieXaa-yMV ap)(OVTL, d<f>' ov kcu to irap avToU

UvXaiov KaXeladai. Kai Xtot he oiKLara^i eavrcjv YleXaayoix; (paai toi/<? k tT/? HTTaXla<i. TToXvirXavov Be kol Ta;^u to eOvo'i Trpo? dirattoXu kol ddpoav va(rTd<rei<;,^ rjv^^dtj re eVl eXa^e Tr}v eKXeiyjnv, kul pidXiara Kara rT)v TU)V AloXewv KoX ru)V 'Imvcov rrepaiaxriv ct9 rrjv
6po<i Ti
*

Tt TOt<? AapiaaLOi<i avve/3ij tol<; re Kab(rTptavol<; ^ kol to?? OpiKcovevai kol rpiroi^ Tols ev ScTTaXia' dwniTe^ yap 'JTorap,6")((oaTOV

Act lav. 4. "[SiOf Be

ea^ov, ol fiev viro tov Kavarpov, ol Tou "Ep/jLov, ol 8' UTTO ToO Htjveiov. iv Be rf) OpiKoyvlBi Aaplarj reri/jirjaOat Xeyerai Ulaaof, 6v <l>a<Tiv dpxovra lleXaayojv ipaadrfvat, T/)? 6uyaTp6<i Aaplar]<;, ^taadfievov B' avrrjv
TTjv
8'

')((opav

VTTO

TLcrai

tT/v

ttlOov
/jLvt}v

oivov

v^pew^ BUrjv eyKvyjravTa yhp el^i KaraixaOovaav r&v atceXtov Xa^o-

rd

fxkv

e^dpai Kai KaBelvai avrov et? rhv trlOov. ovv dp^ala roiavra.
* '

V)hi read rovro ^Kfiaprfpriirat. airayaoTaafts, Coiaia, for iwai^aaTdatts.

156

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 3.

3-4

Phriconis after the Loerian mountain ; and likewise Larisa is called Larisa Phriconis but Larisa is now deserted. Tliat the Pelasgians were a great tribe is said also to be the testimony of history in general Menecrates of Elaea, at any rate, in his work On the Founding of Cities, says that the whole of what is now the Ionian coast, beginning at Mycale, as also the neighbouring islands, were in earlier times inhabited by Pelasgians. But the Lesbians say that their people were placed under the command of Pylaeus, the man whom the poet calls the ruler of the Pelasgians,^ and that it is from him that the mountain in their country is still called Pylaeus. The Chians, also, say that the Pelasgians from Thessaly were their founders. But the Pelasgian race, ever wandering and quick to migrate, greatly increased
; :

and then rapidly disappeared, particularly at the time of the migration of the Aeolians and lonians to Asia. 4. A peculiar thing happened in the case of the Larisaeans, 1 mean the Caystrian and the Phryconian
Larisaeans and, third, those in Thessaly they all held land that was deposited by rivers, by the It Cayster and by the Hermus and by the Peneius. is at the Phryconian Larisa that Piasus is said to have been honoured, who, they say, was ruler of the Pelasgians and fell in love with his daughter Larisa, and, having violated her, paid the penalty for the outrage for, observing him leaning over a cask of wine, they say, she seized him by the legs, raised him, and plunged him into the cask. Such are the ancient accounts.
: ;

Iliad

2. 842.

Instead of KavarpiayoTs,

CBEhimoz read

Kavarp-nvoTs,

Fx

KavaTpivo7s.

STRABO
5.
'

Tat? Bk vvv AloXiKal^ TroXeatv

^

ctl koL

t^?

Alya<;

TrpoorXrjirTeou xal rr)v Ti^fivov, odev ^v Ep/jLay6pa<i 6 ra? pr)TopLKa<i T)(ya<; (Tvyypdylra<i'
6'

tSpvprat
Tr)v

al

TroXei*;

avrat Kara
T

rrjv

opeivrjv

v7repKi/jLi^tjv

T^9

Ku/xata?
fjv

xal

tt}?

^coKaewp Kal
pel.
f)

ovK

^/jLvpvaicDV yrj<;, trap cLTTwOev he rovrcov r&v

icrrlv
t)

6"E.pfj,o<;

iroXewv ovB*

Mayvrjala

vtto

SiTruXo),

eXevdepa

Kal ravTr)v 5' TToXf? VTTO 'F(OfjLaLO)V /CKpifivi]. eKciKcoarav ol vecoarl yevo/xevoi aeia-p-oL el<i 8k 622 Tavavria rh, eVl rov Kulkop vevovra airo AaplaTj^i
fiev

Bia^dvTL top Ep/iop et? Kvfiijp e^BofMi^KOPra ardBioi, iprevdep 6' et? ^vpipap rerrapaKOPTa (jTaBioi, TO B* taop eprevOep et? Vpvpiop, KUKeWev
et?

'

'EXataf

&><?

8'

^AprefiCBaypof:,

diro

t^<?

Kv/jLi]<;

elalp "ABat, elr

uKpa

fierd

TerrapdKOpra

araBlovi, rjp KaXovaip "TBpap, 17 Troiovaa top koXttop top ^RXaiTiKOP tt/jo? tjjp dTrevaPTVop aKpap Ap/xaTOVPTa. rov fiep ovp aTop.aTO'i to
'

7r\aT0? Trepl oyBoyjKOPra (TTaBlov<; ia-rip, iyKoXTri^OPTL Be Mvpiva ev e^rjKOPTa aTaBioL^, AloX\<i 'rr6Xi<i exovaa Xt/xepa, lt 'Axaicop Xi/xrjp, ottov ol ^(ofjLol TO)P BdiBeKa Oecou, elra rroXl^viop Tpvviop Kal lepop 'AttoWwz^o? Kal fiaPTeiop dpyalop Kal peo><; iroXureXij^i XiOov XevKov,
(TTuBioi
6'

Kovra
fiop

i9

'VjXaiap, Xifxeva
'

eV* avTTjP rerTapdKovTa' eW^ e^Bofjn')e^ovaap Kal pavaTad-

Tcjp

KTicr/xa

Kal

AjToXiKuiP twp avp

'

/Saa-iXiayp,
'

avT(p

MeueaOea)^ A6r)paUop twp

o-vaTpaTevaupTCDP inl rd TTf/ol llirdprjp Kal

TaVTT).
*

*'lXiop.

rd B' ff ^9 eiprjTai Arapvia Kal rdXXa rd

158

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 3. 5

5. To the present Aeolian cities we must add Aegae, and also Temnus, the birthplace of HermaThese cities goras, who wrote The Art of Rhetoric. are situated in the mountainous country that lies above the territory of Cyme and that of the Phocians and that of the Smyrnaeans, along which flows the Hermus. Neither is Magnesia, which is situated below Mt. Sipylus and has been adjudged a free This city city by the Romans, far from these cities. too has been damaged by the recent earthquakes. To the opposite parts, which incline towards the Caicus, from Larisa across the Hermus to Cjma^, the distance is seventy stadia thence to Myrina, forty stadia thence to Grynium, the same and from there to Elaea. But, according to Artemidorus, one goes from Cyme to Adae, and then, forty stadia distant, to a promontory called Hydra, which with the opposite promontory Harmatus forms the Elaitic Now the width of the mouth of this gulf is Gulf. about eighty stadia, but, including the sinuosities of the gulf, Myrina, an Aeolian city with a harbour, is at a distance of sixty stadia and then one comes to the Harbour of the Achaeans, where are the altars of the twelve gods and then to a town Grynium and an altar of Apollo and an ancient oracle and a costly shrine of white marble, to which the distance is forty stadia and then seventy stadia to Elaea, with harbour and naval station belonging to the Attalic kings, which was founded by Menestheus and the Athenians who took the expedition with him to Ilium. I have already spoken of the places that come next, those about Pitane and Atarneus and the others in that region.
;
; ;

Myas Bh.

STRABO
6.
'Kvfj.r)

Meyiary] Be ia-rt t(ov AioXtKwv kolX aplarr) Koi (T'xehov /jii)Tp6Tro\t<i avTrj re teal rj
apiOfjLov,

AecTySo?

Twv dWcov TToXcfou, Trepl TpuiKovrd ttov MP iKXekoLiraaiv ovk oXiyat. aKaiirrerai B' et? avaiadrjaiav rj Kv/xtj Kara roiavTTjv TLvd, W9 <f>a(Tip evioL, Bo^av, on rpiaTOP
Koaioi<i

Tov \ip6vo<;

ereaiv varepov rr)<i KTL<Tco<i direBomo TO, reXr}, Trporepov 5' ovk i/capTrovro BP)po<;' rrfv TrpoaoBop ravrrju 6 icaTe(T')(ev ovv Bo^a, 0)9 oylre rjaOrj/xevcoVy otl eVl OaXdrTrj ttoXiv eart Be koI d\Xo<i X6yo<i, on BavcKTaoLKolev.

elr fievoL ;\^p?;/xaTa Brjfxocria ra<i a-Tod<i vTredepjo,

OVK

aTToStSoi/re?

Kara

rrjp

wpiapLepr^p

rjfiepap

eipyopTO rcop TrepnraTcop' ore fieproi, o/n^pof; eirj, Kar alBco npa KrjpvTToiep oi Baveiajai, KcXevopre^
VTTO rd^ (XToa? vTrepx^crOar rod Bij Ki)pvK0<i ovrro " (pdeyyo/ievov viro ra? aTod<; vireXOere,'* iKiretrelv &)? Kvpaicov ovk aiaOapopevoup, w? iv rot? Xoyov, 6fjL^poL<; VTTO rd<; aTod<; vireXOereop, dv /x?; (rrjfj,dprj Tt9 avTol<; Bid Kr]pvyfiaro<;. dprjp B' d^io<; fiptjfirj^

T7)<j5e

rij<;

TroXew?

dpaPTLXKTQ)<;

fiep

earip

TOiP ^\aoKpdTov<i ypcopipayp rov pijropo^i, ''K<f>opo<;, 6 rrjp IcTTopiap avyypdyjra^; Kai rd irepl rSiP
evprifjudruyp-

kcu
at'Tcxv

en
ydp
ci?

Trporepov
eiprfxep,

6 7roiy]Ttj<i'

^lo^

p,eT(i->Ky]aep

rovrov 'HaioBo^i o irarrjp avrou Botwroy?, Kvfirjp AloXlBa

on

TrpoXiTTcop'

vdaaaTo

5' dy-)^ 'EXt/fwro? o'i^vpy epl kw/jltj "AaKpt), \elp.a KaKJj, Oepei dpyaXerj, ovBe it or

eaOXjj.

C)23

'O/xTipo^

8'

ov')(^

6fioXoyovpP(o<i*

ttoXXoI

ydp

i6o

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 3. 6

6. The largest and best of the Aeolian cities is Cyme; and this with Lesbos might be called the

metropolis of the rest of the cities, about thirty in number, of which not a few have disappeared. Cym6
is

some

ridiculed for its stupidity, owing to the repute, as say, that not until three hundred years after

the founding of the city did they sell the tolls of the harbour, and that before this time the people did not reap this revenue. They got the reputation, therefore, of being a people who learned late that they were There is also another living in a city by the sea. report of them, that, having borrowed money in the name of the state, they pledged their porticoes as security, and then, failing to pay the money on the

appointed day, were prohibited from walking in them when it rained, however, their creditors, through a kind of shame, would bid them through a herald to go under the porticoes; so the herald would cry out the words, " Go under the porticoes," but the report went abroad that the Cymaeans did not understand that they were to go under the
;

porticoes when it rained unless they were given notice by the herald. Ephorus, a man indisputably noteworthy, a disciple of Isocrates the orator, and the author of the History and of the work on Inand so was Hesiod the ventions, was from this city
;

poet, still earlier than Ephorus, for Hesiod himself states that his father Dius left Aeolian Cyme and migrated to Boeotia "And he settled near Helicon in a wretched village, Ascre, which is bad in winter, oppressive in summer, and pleasant at no time."^ But it is not agreed that Homer was from Cyme, for
:

Works and Days, 639-40 (quoted

also in

9. 2. 25).

161

F 2

STRABO
afi(l)i(T^r)T0V(7tv

avTou.

TO

5'

ovofia airo *AfjLa-

^ovof;

rfj

TToXei

reOeiaOai,

KaOdirep
TTeBi^

KaX

rfi

MvpLVTJ aTTO T^9 iv vrro TJj Barieia'

Tr}v rjTOL

T^ TpcolK^

Klfll/rj^

dv^pa BaTieiav
Koi 6

KLK\i]afcovcriv,

addvaTOL Be t
(TK(M>TTTTaL Bk

afj/xa iroXvaKapOfioio Mvplvr)^.

''K(f)opo<:,
^

epya ovk

e^^tyv

cppd^eiv iv
firjp

rfj

BioTi T^9 TTarpLBo'i BiapLdfirjcreL tcop

dWcov
elvat,

Trpd^ewv, ov

ovS'

dfxv7)^i6vVTOV avTrjv

deXcov,

avTov Kaipov
Be

Kara Be top iiTK^oivel' Kv^aloi Ta<i rj(Jv\La<^ t]yov," eVel

ovT(o<i tt}v

"

BiXi]\v0afjLv

TpcoLKtjv

dfia

koi

Ttjv

AioXtKT]V irapaXiav, <f)e^T]<; av ehj tjjv /jLcaoyaiav iviBpa/xetv p-expi rov Tavpov, (pvXdaaovra^ ttjv
avTTjv
Trj<;

ecpoBov rd^iv.

IV
1. ''E;^6 Be riva 7)y/j,ovLap irpb^ Toi/^ tottov^ TOinov<i TO Uepya/xov, 'm(papr}<; TroXt? Kal froXifV trvpevTvxw^^^ XP^^^ "^^^^ ArraXiKol^ fiaai-

XevaL'
OTToOev

teal

Btj

koI

iprevOep dpicreop
irepX
L<i

Try;

e^i]^

TrepLoBela^,

Kal

irpuirop

wpixrjSi^crav

Koi
tjp

jSaaiXeoyPt KaTecrrpeylrav, ev
Btj

rcop

^pax^cn
*

BrjXfoTeop.

p.P

to

Tlf)ya/j,op

Av<Tip,dxov ya^o(f)vXdKiop rov *AyaOoKXeov<;, v6<i ruiP AX^^dvBpoii BiaBoxdyv, avrijp rrjp uKpap rov 6pov<{ avi oiKOVfievrjv exop' ecni. Be aTpo/3iXoeiBe^ TO 6po<i et? o^elap Kopv<f)T]P diroXriyov. e-neiriarevTO Bk rrjp ^vXaKi]v rov pvp,aTO<i tovtov koI
T(op
1

XfiVH-"-"^^^

i^^

^^

rdXaPTa evpaKiaxiXia)

6a

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 3. 6-4.

many peoples lay claim to him. It is agreed, however, that the name of the city was derived from an Amazon, as was Myrina from the Amazon who lies in the Trojan plain below Batieia, "which verily men call Batieia, but the immortals the tomb of ^ much-bounding Myrina." Ephorus, too, is ridiculed because, though unable to tell of deeds of his native land in liis enumeration of the other achievements in
history, and yet unwilling that it should be unmen" At about the same tioned, he exclaims as follows time the Cymaeans were at peace." Since I have traversed at the same time the Trojan and Aeolian coasts, it would be next in order to treat cursorily the interior as far as the Taurus, observing
:

the same order of approach.

IV
kind of hegemony is held over these places by Pergamum, which is a famous city and for a long time prospered along with the Attalic kings indeed I must begin my next description here, and first I must show briefly the origin of the kings and the end to which they came. Now Pergamum was a
1.
;

treasure-hold of Lysimachus, the son of Agathocles, who was one of the successors of Alexander, and its people are settled on the very summit of the mountain the mountain is cone-like and ends in a sharp peak. The custody of this stronghold and the treasure, which amounted to nine thousand talents,
;

Also quoted in

12. 8. 6.

All

MSS. except Ft

insert hv after ouS'.

163

STRABO
<l>t\Tat/)09,

dvrjp

Tiav6<;,^
Ta(f>fj

B\L^ia<i
ovaTj<:

avve^rj yap ev rivt

^ea?

k TratSo?. koI iroXkSyv

tw o^\<p Ttjv KOfiirov ^iXeraipov ert vyj-mov avv6\i^t]vaL /Ji^xpt' rocrovSe, ware 7r7]pco6T]vat rov
frapovrcov, aTTo\7)(i>6laav iv

^ovaav

Tpo(fi6v

iralha.
t<f>dv7}

rjv

/xev

St)

evvovxo<:, Tpa(f>\<:

^e

xaXw^
ovv

T^9

Bieve^OeU Be 7rp6? Apaivorjv rrji/ yvvaiKU avrov Sifi^dWovcrav avTov direcTTrjae rb j^wpiov koX Trpb^ toi9 Kaipovi 7ro\iTVTO, opoiv iTTiTrjBelov^i 7rp6<; ve(oTpL(Tp,6v' 6 re ydp AvalfjLaxo^ kukoU oUeioif Treptireaoov TjvayKuadr} rov viov dvekelv *AyaOoKXea.'ZeXeuKO'; re eVeX^coz/^ 6 NiKuroyp iKclvop re KareXvae KaX avro^ KareXvOr], BoXo<f)OV7)0\f: VTTO UroXefxaiov rov roiovrwv Bh Kepavvov. Oopv^cov ovrcdv, Bieyevero fievayv enl rov epv/xaro^:
evvov<t
6

TTtO-TecW? TUVTI]^ d^lO<i. T(o Avai,fidx<p, St,/jLiv6^

Tf>9 fiev

evvov^o^ Ka\ iroXirevopevo^

Bl ^

vvocr^eaecov

rov iax^ovra eyyi)^ irapovra' BiereXecre yovv erfj ciKoai Kvpio<s uiv rov (f)povpLov Kol rwv ;)^/Of?/iaTa)v. C 624 2. ^Uaav 5' avr^ Bvo dBX(poL, irpea-^vrepof: fxev Kvfievrjf;, ved>repo^ B' "ATraXo*?" etc fiev ovv rov l^vfievov<i eyevero 6p.(ovvfxo^ rOt narpl KvfxevT}^, oawep Koi BieBe^aro ro Wepyap.ov, koX rfv tjBij Bvvdart]<; r(ov kvk\(o x^pnov, ware xal irepl
rrj^ dXXr)<; Oepaireia^i del 7rp6<i

Kul Koi

Sap^et? ivLKtjae P-dYj) avfiBaXcov Wvrioyov rov 'S.eXevKov' Bvo Be Kal clkoctiv dp^a<{ errj eV Bk ^ArrdXov Kal ^AvreXevra rov ^iov.
*

*
*

Tvartit mnz. C]lrz and Corais read iiifuv, iitavfKddiv muZ, instead of iirtKOww.
'Viavv6$ C,
r,

TvavSi

Instead of

iUfitivt,

164

GEOGRAPHY,
;

13. 4. 1-2

was entrusted to Philetaerus of Tieium, who was a eunuch from boyhood for it came to pass at a certain burial, when a spectacle was being given at which many peo})le were present, that the nurse who was carrying Philetaerus, still an infant, was caught in the crowd and pressed so hard that the child was incapacitated. He was a eunuch, therefore, but he was well trained and proved worthy of Now for a time he continued loyal to this trust. Lysimachus, but he had differences with Arsinoe, the wife of Lysimachus, who slandered him, and so he caused Pergaraum to revolt, and governed it to suit the occasion, since he saw that it was ripe for a change for Lysimachus, beset with domestic troubles, was forced to slay his son Agathocles, and Seleucus Nicator invaded his country and overthrew him, and then he himself was overthrown and treacherously murdered by Ptolemy Ceraunus. During these disorders the eunuch continued to be in charge of the fortress and to manage things through promises and courtesies in general, always catering to any man who was powerful or near at hand. At any rate, he continued lord of the stronghold and the treasure for twenty years. 2. He had two brothers, the elder of whom was Eumenes, the younger Attalus. Eumenes had a son of the same name, who succeeded to the rule of Pergainum, and was by this time sovereign of the places round about, so that he even joined battle with Antiochus the son of Seleucus near Sardeis and
;

conquered him.

He

died after a reign of twenty263-241

B.C.
5i*,

two years.^ Attalus, the son of Attalus and Antiochis,

*
/tetf'

mot, instead of

165

STRABO
Tiox^^o<;,

^aro

TTjv apxj]v,

viKr]<ra<;

^Axatov, yyov(o<i "ArraXo? BieS^Kal dvrjjopevOr) I3a(n\v<; TrpwTO?, Ta\dTa<i fJ'O'XV fJ'^jdXrj. outo? Be Kal
Trj<;

'PwyLtatot? Karearr) ^tX,09 /(at a-vvcTroXefirjae 7r/309

fierd rod 'PoBiayv vuvtikov' yrjpaio'i ireXevra} ^aatXevaa^ tr-q rpia koI rerrapuKovra, KaTiXiire Be TeTxa/ja? vlov^ ef 'AttoXXwviBof; Kv^iKy]V)]<! yvpaiK6<;, ^v/jLevr}, "AttuXov, ol ficp ovv veciirepoi Bie^LXiraipov, *A6^vaiov. reXeaav iBtMrai, twv 6' dXXoiv 6 TrpeajSvTcpo^ i^aalXeuae' avveiroXfJL7)ae Be ovro<i FiV/xvr]<; 'Vcoixaioi^i 7rp6<i re Aviioxpv rov fiiyav koX tt/oo? Hepaea, Kal eXa^e irapa rSyv 'Paypaicov diraaav rr porrjp utt' ^Avri6)((p rrfv eWo? rov Taupou. re pov S' rfv ra nepl Hepyafiov ov TroXXd ;^/)ta OaX(irrr}(i t% Kard rov *EXatrrjv Tr]<i p.expi' KoXiTov Kal rov WBpafivrrt-jvov. KareaKevaare B* ovro^ ri]v iroXiv Kal rb NiKijcPopiov aXaet
Be
^

^iXnnrov

Karecjivrevae,

Kal dvaOrifxara
roaoi'Be

Kal

ri)v

7rl

KaroiKi'av

Kal $il3Xiodi]Ka<; rov Vlepyd/JLOv

rrjv ivv ovcrav Kivo<; 7rpoae(f)iXoKdXr}(T' /Saai^ Xeixra^ Be err) rerrapdKovra Kal evvea diTeXnrev vlu) rr)v dpxyv 'ArrdXtp, yeyovort k ^rparouiKtji;

rov Ka-mraSoKcov Kareartjae Kal rov Kal tj}? dpx^]t rov ^v Be Kal etKoaiv errj fiacndBeX(f)6v ""ArraXov. Xevcra^ yepcov ovro^ reXevra, Karopd(i)aa<i iroXXd'
ri]<i

'ApiapdOov

6vyarpo<;

^aaiX(i)<;. eirlrpoiTOv Be 7raiB6<: veov reXeco^ ovro^

^TeAuT7j(r moz, instead of ^t\uto.

64,

"

before

^tt;,

inserted by x

moz have

rt.

241-197

B.O.

i66

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 4. 2

daughter of Achaeus, succeeded to the throne and was the first to be proclaimed king, after conquering the Galatians in a great battle. Attains not only became a friend of the Romans but also fought on their side against Philip along with the fleet of the
Rhodians. He died in old age, having reigned as ^ and he left four sons by king forty-three years Apollonis, a woman from Cyzicus, Eumenes, Attalus, Now the two younger Philetaerus, and Atlienaeus. sons remained private citizens, but Eumenes, the elder of the other two, reigned as king. Eumenes fought on the side of the Romans against Antiochus the Great and against Perseus, and he received from the Romans all the country this side the Taurus that had been subject to Antiochus. But before that time the territory of Pergamum did not include many places that extended as far as the sea at the Elaitic and Adramyttene Gulfs. He built up the city and planted Nicephorium with a grove, and the other elder brother,^ from love of splendour, added sacred buildings and libraries and raised the settlement of Pergamum to what it now is. After a
;

reign of forty-nine years Eumenes left his empire to Attalus, his son by Stratonice, the daughter of He appointed Ariathres, king of the Cappadocians. his brother Attalus * as guardian both of his son, who was extremely young, and of the empire. After a reign of twenty-one years,^ his brother died an old man, having won success in many undertakings ; for
*

Others make

iKflyos refer to
it

Eumenes, but the present

is

translator
corrupt.
'

must make

refer to Attalus, unless the text

But he died in 159 B.C. (see Pauly-Wissowa, " Eumenes," p. 1103), thus having reigned 197-159 B.C.
*

s.v.

Attalus Philadelphus.

159-138

b.c.

167

STRABO
fcal
fit)(TV

yap Arjfi^Tpiov top XekevKov avyKaTeiroXe'AXe^dvBpw ray Kvrioxov koX (Twe/jLcixv^^

^

Tou '^evho<l>i\LTnrov, i")(eip(o<TaTO *Vo)/j.aLoi<{ Se Koi AttjyvXiv rbv Kaivcav^ /SacriXea crrparevcra? et? rrjv ^pcLKTjv, dvelXe Be koI TlpovaiaVf iTL(Jvarrj(Ta<; avrw NiKop^TjBrj rbv viop, KaTeXirre Be^ rrjv upxh^ '^^? eTmpoTrevdevTL *ATTa\^' ^acriXcvcra^ Be ovto<; er^ irevre KaX acX?;^619 (t>LXofjij]T(op ereXevra v6a(p rbv fiiov, KareXiTre
eVl
S' eirapxiav drreTrpoaayopevaavre^, o/jLcovvfMOP rfj rjTrelp(p, irapappel B' 6 KaiVco? to UepyafMOV, Bid rov KaiKov ueBiov Trpocrayopevo-

Be KXrjpov6/jiov<i 'PwyLtatou?'

oi

Bet^av

TTjv

x^P^^'

'A(rtai^

fxei'ov

Ti Koi Tt]v dpla-TT]v

C G25

3.

a<p6Bpa evBalpLova yiju Bie^tayv, ax^Bbv Be TTJf; Mvalafi. "Ai'^pe? 8' eyevovro iXXoyip-oi KaO* ^fid^

Ilepyaprjvoi, }^\t,OpiBuTy]<; re MrjvoBorov vib<i fcal 'A ^0^0710)^09, 09^ rov rerpapx^Kov row VaXarayv ^ * nraXXafcevcrai rw /SaaiXct yevov; rjv, ijv kol

MiOptidrr}
OecrOaL

<f)a<Tiv'

odev koi

rovvofia rro

iraiBX

rov<;

7rtT>;8etoi/9.

Trpoairoi'qcTfievov^

ToO

ovro^ yovv ficKTiXew^; avrbv yeyovevai,. KalaapL ra> Hero yev6p.vn<; <^iXo<; 19 roaovBe

irporiXOe rip,rj<;, oicne koX rerpdpxv^ dTreBeixOr) dirb rov fjLrjrproou yevov^ koX paaiXev^ dXXoiv

re KOL rov Woa-rropov KareXvOtj B' virb ^Kadv' Bpov rov Koi ^npi dKrjv dveX6vro<; rbv jSaaiXea Kal Karao'xovro'i rbv lioanopov. ovros re Br)
*

Katyof Kpit.

'

The MSS., except

tKtivwv CDhimoricxz, ^Kuyor F, so the later editors. Fs, have xal after 8. 'ASojSoyjwcof, 8f, the editors, for 'A^oBoylwr, 5$,
Kau'ii', Tzschiicko, for
;

168

GEOGRAPHY,
to defeat in

13. 4.

2-3

example, he helped Alexander, the son of Antiochus, war Demetrius, the son of Seleucus, and he fought on the side of the Romans against the Pseudo- Philip, and in an expedition against Thrace he defeated Diegylis the king of the Caeni, and he slew Prusias, having incited his son Nicomedes against him, and he left his empire, under a guardian,
to Attalus. Attains,

surnamed Piiilometor, reigned

the Romans his the country a province, calling it Asia, by the same name as the continent. The Caicus flows past Pergamum, through the Caicus Plain, as it is called, traversing land that is very fertile and about the best in Mysia. 3. Pergamenians have become famous in my time Mithridates the son of Menodotus and of Adobogion. Menodotus was of the family of the tetrarchs of the Galatians, and Adobogion, it is said, was also the concubine of King Mithridates,^ and for this reason her relatives gave to the child the name of Mithridates, pretending that he was the son of the king. At any rate, he became a friend to the deified Caesar and reached so great preferment with him that he was appointed tetrarch from his mother's family and king both of the Bosporus and other He was overthrown by Asander, who territories. not only slew King Pharnaces but also took possession of the Bosporus. Mithridates, then, has been
five years,^ died of disease, and left heirs. The Romans proclaimed
:

138-133

B.C.

Mithridates the Great.

*
6

'

inserted by the editors. before iraWaKevaai, ejected by the editors. so the later editors. aTr6, Casaubon inserts 'Aadi/Spov, Casaubon, for AvadvSpov ; so the later editors.
Tjj/,

ov,

169

STRABO
ovofiUTO^ rf^iayraL fxeyciXov, Kal *A7ro\Xo5a)/)o? o prjTwp 6 Ta? rexvcL'i (Tvyypd-^afi Kal ttjp 'AttoXXoScapeLov aLpeaiv Trapayaycov, ^rt? ttot' eVrr TToWa yap iireKpaTei, fiei^ova ^e fj nad' riyJoM * eyovra rrjv Kplaiv, oiv earl teal rj ATToWohaypeio^ alpeaL<; Kal rj SeoScopeio^;. fioKLara he i^r/pe rov ATToWoBoypov 7} Toif KaL(Tapo<; <f)i\la tov
^

1,^a(XTov,
p,aOrjTT}i'
S'

BtBdaKaXov
crxV

roiv

Xoywv yevop-evov
Aiopv(Ttov rov avTOv, koI yctp xal avyypacpev^
ti;? ttoXco)?

d^ioXoyov
Kal

iiriKXTjOiuTa 'Attikov, TroXiTrjv

(TO(f)i(Trr)^

rfv

LKavo^
8* cLTrb

\oyoypd(f)0(;.
4.

YlpoiouTL

rov ttcBlov Kal

*

iarlv ATToXXcovla, fiTMpoi<; iirLKei/jteprj roiroi^' eVl hk rov vorov 6ptvr} pd-)(i^ iarlv, rjv virep^aai Kal ^aBl^ova-iv iirl '^dphewv TroXi? earlv iv dpLarepa ^vdreipa, KaroLKia MaKcSovcov, rjv Mi/cro)/' ia^drriv rive^
iirl p,V
7rpo<i eco fiepr) wcitXtf;

ra

<f>aaiv.

if he^ia 6' ^AttoXXwvU, hii)(ovaa

8'

UepydKal rwv

p,ov rpiaKO(Tiov<; arahiov^;, rov<; Be iaov<{

l^dpBecov, iiroovu/jio^
X(i}viBo<i'

iarl

ri]<i

Kv^iKr]vr]<i 'AttoX-

iKBexcrai to "EpfMov veBiov Kal ra Bk rrpoaapKrua r(p Ylepyd/xtp ra "EapBei^i' irXelara vwo Mvaa)v ex^rat ret iv Befia rtov
cIt'

'A/SaetTWi/^
KTr]ro<;

'Xey^p.ivwv,

ol?

avvdnrei

rj

'Etti-

nixP' ^tOvvlat.

5. At Be !a/7^6t9 TToXf? icrrl p,ydXij, vewrepa pev roiv TpwtKMV, dp\aia 5' oyuwv, aKpav exovaa ^aaiXeiov 8' vTrfjp^e rcjv AvBcov, ot><; 6 rsuepKT]'
*

'A$\lTti>y

'ABatnwv, Kramer, from conj.of Kiepert, for 'AfiKtrAr E, other MSS.

170

GEOGRAPHY,
a

13- 4.

3-5

great name, as has also thought worthy of Apollodorus the rhetorician, who wrote the work on Rhetoric and was the leader of the ApoUodoreian sect, whatever in the world it is; for numerous philosophies were prevalent, but to pass judgment upon them is beyond my power, and among these But are the sects of Apollodorus and Theodorus. the friendship of Caesar Augustus has most of all exalted Apollodorus, who was his teacher in the art of speech. And Apollodorus had a notable pupil in Dionysius, surnamed Atticus, his fellow-citizen, for he was an able sophist and historian and speecli-writer. 4. As one proceeds from the plain and the city tovi^ards the east, one comes to a city called Apollonia, which lies on an elevated site, and also, towards the south, to a mountain range, on crossing which, on the road to Sardeis, one comes to Thyateira, on the left-hand side, a settlement of the Macedonians, which by some is called the

farthermost city of the Mysians. On the right is Apollonis, which is three hundred stadia distant from Pergamum, and the same distance from Sardeis, and it is named after the Cyzicene Apollonis. Next one comes to the plain of Hermus and to The country to the north of Pergamum is Sardeis. held for the most part by the Mysians, I mean the country on the right of the Abaeitae, as they are ^ called, on the borders of which is the Epictetus as
far as Bithynia.
5. Sardeis is a great city, date than the Trojan times, is has a strong citadel. It was Lydians, whom the poet calls
1

and, though of later nevertheless old, and the royal city of the

Meionians

and

later

Phrygia Epictetus (see

12. 3. 7, 12. 4. 1,

and

12. 4. 6).

171

STRABO
jroiTjrrjf;

KaXel M^ora?,
Toi'9

ol

5'

varepov Motoi/a?,
ol
S*

ol fikv

avTOv<;

Toi<i

AvBoU,

erepov^

a'iTo^aivovre<i, rov<i B' avrov's d/xeivov eari Xiyetv. vrrepKeiraL Be rcov ^dpBecov 6 T/xft>\o9, evSaifiop
6po<:,

ev

TTJ

aKpcopcia

crKorrr)!/

exov,

i^eBpav

XevKou \l9ov, Hepacov epyov, d(f>' ov Karoirreverai rd kvkXo) TTcBla, kol fidXiaTa to K^aCarpiavop' irepLoiKOvai Be AvBol Kal Mvcrol kol MuKcBove^. pel B' 6 T\aKT(o\6<; diro rov T/j,<t)\ov, KaTa<f)pcov
ro TToXaiov -y^rfyfxa XP^^^^ iroXv, d<f>* ov rov C 626 Kpolaov \ey6fievov ttXovtov kol ruiv irpoyovcdv avrov BLOVoixaadrjvai cjiaai' vvv 3' eKXeXoLire
TO Tov
yjrrjyfjLa,

"Fip/xov,

KaTatfiipeTai 5' o IIaACTa)\o9 t9 et? OP Kal 6 ''TW09 ifJL^dXXeit

KaXov/xepo<i'
darj/jLorepoL

avpureaoPTG^ 5' oi avp avTol^ el^ KUTa OoKalap exBiBoaai OuXuttup, Tr]P 'HpoBoTo^ (f>y]<np. dpx^Tat B' K Mvaia<; 6 "Ep/xo?, ^ 6pov<i lepov t>}? AipBij/xt]pjj<;, koI Bid
^pvyio<i
T/?et9

vvpl

Koi

dXXoL

T% KuT a KGKavfxipT]^
Tai

et9

ttjp

^apBLavrjp
q}<:

<l>p-

Kal Td

avpexv

TreBla,

eiprjTai, fiexP^

VTTOKeiTat Be t^ iroXet to T T^9 OaXdTTt]^. "^apBiavov TTcBlop Kal to tov Kvpov^ Kal to tov "Ep/jLov Kal TO Kai'aTpiapop, a-vpeyij re opTa Kal TrdpTcop dpiaTa TreBlayp. ip 0^ aTaBioi<i TeTTapdKOPTa (Itto t/)9 TroXeai? eaTip t) Vvyaia fJLP VTTO TOV TTOltJTOV XyOp,PTJ, KoXot] 8' CffTCpOP lieTopofjinad LTa, ottov to lepov t/'}9 Ko\o;i'^9
*ApTp,iBot, /xydXi]p
*

dyLaTeiap e^op*
(coTck

(f>aal

B*

ifol TO.

Eiz, Ka-rd CF"',

rd 'Dh7nnz.
4. 13),

Kvpov (see Ktipov wtdlov, 13.

Tzschucke, for nSpov;

KaUov, Corais.

172

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 4. 5

writers call them Maeonians, some identifying them with the Lydians and others representing them as different, but it is better to call them the same Above Sardeis is situated Mt. Tmolus, a people. blest mountain, with a look-out on its summit, an arcade of white marble, a work of the Persians, whence there is a view of the plains below all round, And round it dwell particularly the Cayster Plain. Lydians and Mysians and Macedonians. The Pactolus River flows from Mt. Tmolus in early times a
;

quantity of gold-dust was brought down in it, whence, it is said, arose the fame of the riches of Croesus and his forefathers. But the gold-dust has given out. The Pactolus runs down into the Hermus, into which also the Hyllus, now called the Phrygius, empties. These three, and other less significant rivers with them, meet and empty into The the sea near Phocaea, as Herodotus says.^ Hermus rises in Mysia, in the sacred mountain Dindymene, and flows through the Catacecaumene country into the territory of Sardeis and the contiguous plains, as I have already said,^ to the sea. Below the city lie the plain of Sardeis and that of the Cyrus and that of the Hermus and that of the Cayster, which are contiguous to one another and are the best of all plains. Within forty stadia from the city one comes to Gygaea,^ which is mentioned by the poet, the name of which was later changed to Coloe, where is the temple of Coloenian Artemis, which is characterised by great holiness. They say that at the festivals here the
large
1

1.

80.
2. 865.

Cf. 13. 1.

Lake Gygaea, Iliad

173

STRABO
ivravOa
0/3Ta9,

ovK
rj

Karh t^9 tou? /ca\(Wov<{ ')(opevLv olB' OTTO)? TTOTC 7rapa8o^o\oyovifr<;

aXrj$evovT<;.
8'

fidXkop
6.

Kei/jLev(oi^

ol/to)

ttq)?

twi/

eVwy

7ra/)'

'Ofii]p<p'

Myocriv av M.cdXr)<; re kol "Ai/rt^o?

(tOtjv,

rjyrj<Td'

vie Ta\ai/xevOf;,^
o'l

tm Tvyair) reKC Xifxvrj, KOL M.rjova<; rfyov viro T/xtoXw yeyacora^;,

7rpO'jypu(f)ovai rive^t rovro riraprov eTTO?* ^ V TTLOVL Stj/X^. T/JLCOXW VTTO VL^OeVTl, ''TBl]<i

ovhefiia

Kal

8' evplaKerai "TBrj iv rol<; Au^ot?. oi 8k TOP Tv)(iov ivdevhe iroiovatv, 6v <f>y]aip 6

(TKVToroficov

6^

apiaTO<i ''TSt;

evi,

TrpoaTiOeaai, Bk Kai, Siotl BpvfxcoBijfj 6 T67ro<i fcal

Kpavp6^oXo<;, Kal

on ipravOa
Tix^weo?

ol "Apiao^'

kuI

yap

T(p
e/x/xei/at

elp ^hpifjiOL<;, odi (f)aal

iret.(T(f>epovai

vvd^

X<^P^

^^^^

BpvoepTt, "'TSi;? ip ttIopi

B^/jlo),

P KiXiKLa, riP<t 5' p ^vpia TrXdrrovat, TOP fjLvOop rovTop, oi S' ip Hi6tjf(o<janai<;, oi xal
5'

dWoi

xaXelaOar
oi
'

T0v<i Tndj]fcov(; (fiaal irapa rot? 'Vupprjpolf; apip.ov<i ol Be Ta<; Sa/jSfi? "XBrjp opofiu^ovaip,

Bk rrjp aKpoTToXip avrrj^.

wiOiiKovs

ynOapayTaTOV^
;

B'

Instead of Ka\d9ovs, rtr read Ka96Kov

;

CasAubon
KaKanovs,

mz, Aid., and Lobeck conj. iriOdKyas and certain othera

174

GEOGRAPHY,

13, 4.

5-6

baskets dance,^ though I do not know why in the world they talk marvels rather than tell the truth. 6. The verses of Homer are about as follows " Mnesthles and Antiphus, the two sons of Talaemenes, whose mother was Lake Gygaea, who led also the Meionians, who were born at the foot of Tmolus";^ but some add the following fourth " At the foot of verse snowy Tmolus, in the fertile land of Hyde. But there is no Hyde to be found in the country of the Lydians. Some also put " far the Tychius there, of whom the poet says, best of workers in hide, who lived in Hyde." ^ And they add that the place is woody and subject to strokes of lightning, and that the Arimi live there, for after Homer's verse, "in the land of the Arimi where men say is the couch of " in a wooded * Typhon," they insert the words, But others lay place, in the fertile land of Hyde." the scene of this myth in Cilicia, and some lay it in Syria, and still others in the Pithecussae Islands, who say that among the Tyrrhenians " ^ " are called " arimi." Some call Sardeis pitheci But Hyde, while others call its acropolis Hyde.
:

'

^ Thought to be the baskets carried on the heads of maidens at festivals. * Iliad Iliad 2. 864. 7. 221.

Ihad

2. 783.

i.e.

monkeys.

TaXaifxeueos,

Corais, for UaXaiixeyeos Dhriw,

UvKat/jieveos

CEFxz.
3

"TStjs

Emoz, "TArjj

CDFhirwx.

Thus the MSS. vary in the

following "rSij. * Instead of "TSp, h{hy covT.)orx read'TAp. * T^ E (so Meineke) ; oStws other MSS.

175

STRABO
rfyeiTai tou? iv tt} KaraKeKavfievrf ttj^ riOevTa^i. 'A/ji/aoi;? IlLvBapo<; Be (TVPOiKeioi rols ev rfj KlXiklo, to, iv TlidrjKov(T(Tai<;,
'^Krjyjnof;

Mv(7La<;

Toi)?

airep cVtI

tt/oo

t?}? Kv/u,aLa<i,
(f>T}<Tlv

Kol

yap

TTj

Altvtj

koI to, ev XifceXla' viroKeiaOai tov Tv(f)cova'

Tov TTore
l^iXiKiov Opeyjrcv iroXvmvvfiov fiav

avrpov vvv ye

C 627

ral

ff virep Ky/xa? a\ifpK<{ 6x0 ai XiKcXla T avTov TrU^ei crrepva Xa)(vd6VTa,*

KOL TrdXiv
KLvcp fiev

AXrva

Seafio^; vTrepcfylaXo^:

dfJL<f)lKtTai..

Kal irdXiv

aXV
^

olo'i

airXarov Kepdlt^e Oe(ov

'

Tv(f)a)va

7rVTi]Koi>TaKe<f)aXov

dvdyxa

Zeu?

Trarrjp

iv Aplfioi^ TTore.

*Apafiaiov<;

Bexovrai, oh<i vvv Be KlXlku^; rov<i iv Xiyovat, Vpoia p,eTava(Trdvra^ 64? ^vpiav dvayKicr^ievovi, dtrorefieadaL irapd tcov Svprov rijv vvv Xeyofxevrjv KiXiKLav. KaXXiadevr]^: o 6771)9 tov KuXvkuBvov Kol Trj<i ^ap7rT}B6vo<i dfcpa<; trap avTo to
oi Bk TOv<i ^vpov<t
*ApLfj.ov<;

tov?

KojpvKiov dvTpov elvai

iyyv<; oprj

TOV<i 'Apt/zof?,

^'

d)V

TCi,

XeyeaOai "Apz/xa.

7. YlepLKeiTUL Be TJj Xip,vr} ttj KoXotj t^ P-vr)tt/oo? Be Tai<: "S-upBeaiv p,aTa tS>v ^aaiXecjv. eaTL TO TOV *AXvdTTOv inl KptjTrlBo^ vyjrrjXTpi 176

GEOGRAPHY,

i^. 4.

6-7

the Scepsian^ thinks that those writers are most plausible who place the Aiimi in the Cataeecaumene But Pindar associates the country in Mysia. Pithecussae which lie off the Cymaean territory, as also the territory in Sicily, with the territory in Cilicia, for he says that Typhon lies beneath Aetna " Once he dwelt in a far-famed Cilician cavern
: ;

shaggy breast is o'er-pressed by the sea-girt shores above Cymae and by Sicily." ^ And again, *^ round about him lies Aetna with her '^ haughty fetters," and again, but it was father Zeus that once amongst the Arimi, by necessity, alone of the gods, smote monstrous Typhon of the fifty heads." ^ But some understand that the Syrians are Arimi, who are now called the Arimaeans, and that
now, however,
his

the Cilicians in Troy, forced to migrate, settled again in Syria and cut off for themselves from Syria what is now called Cilicia. Callisthenes says that the Arimi, after whom the neighbouring mountains are called Arima, are situated near Mt. Calycadnus and the promontory of Sarpedon near the Corycian cave
itself.
7. Near Lake Coloe are the monuments of the At Sardeis is the great mound, on a lofty kings. base, of Alyattes^ built, as Herodotus* says, by the
1

Demetrius

of Scepsis.

Pythian Odes,
1.

1.

31.

Frag. 93 (Bergk).

93.

1
*

Instead of

fxav rai

0*,

CDFA

have

fiavTevO'.

XaxvaevTa, the editors, for Kaxv^^vra. TreyrriKovTaKecpaKou, Bergk, following Hermann and Boeckh, reads eKarovraKoipavov (see Pindar, Pyth. 8. 16 and 01. Meineke emends to irfVTrjKoyTaKdpayov. 4. 7).
8

For

'Aplfiovs,

Casaubon, for

'Apifiovs.

177

STRABO
^w/ia /leya, epyaadev, w? (f)tja-iv *H/3oSoto9, vtto Tov irXrjOovf; rr}? TroXeo)?, o^ to TrXelarov epyov
ai iraiSiaKai crui/eriXea-av
TTopvevecrOaL Tracra?,
Tfi'es"

Xiyei
8e /fat

8'

e/cetvo?

Acal

7r6ppr}<;

fjLvfjfia

Xeyovcrt rov Td<^ov.

Pioi

'x^etpoTrolrjrov Se ttjv Xlfiprju

laropovai

rrjv

KoX6r)v

tt/qo?

ra? KBoxO'<i tS)v

7rXY)/ji/xvpLB(i)u,

TrXrjpovfievfov.
irehiov.

crvfi^aipovai tmu irorafiSiv "Tiranra he ttoXl^ iarl fcara-

at

^aivovaiv diro rov TfKoXov Trpo? to tou Kavarpov

^r]a\ hk KaXXLaOevr]<; dXcovai to? XdpBi<i Kififxepicop TrpcoTov, eld^ vno Tprjpwv xal Av Kirov, oirep kol KaXXivov BrjXoup, tov t^<? iXeyeia<; ttoiijtjjv, vcrraja Be ttjv eirl Kvpov Kal Xeyovro'i Bk rov Kpoiaov ycpecrOai dXaxriv. KaXXlvov rr]v (f)oBov roiv Ki/ifieplcov eVi rov<i *HaiovTja<i yeyovevai, KaO' rjv at ^dpBei^ edXoxrav, elxd^ovaiv ol Trepl rov 'E.fCTjyjriov laarl XeyeaduL
8.

VTTO

l\aiovt<i
(f>r)alv,

TOL/9

Waiovet^'
eXeyero,

rd^a yap
KaO'
b

rj

^\r)ovLa,

*A(Tla

Kal

"0/xr)po^

etprfKCV
*A<TLfp ev Xet/jLtovi

Kavarplov

dp<f>l

peeOpa.
Bia
rrjv

dvaXr](pOetaa

B*

dperifv rrj<i '^copa<; XeiTrofievt] roiv darvyeiroi'tov, veroarl viro aeia/jLMv direfSaXe ttoXXtjp tT/? KaroiKLas. tj Be rov Ti^eplov rrpovoia,

d^ioXoyeo^ varepov Kal ovBep.(d<; rj iroXi^i

rov KaO'

'>)pd<s

yjyefxopof;,

av)(pd<; dpeXafie Tat? evepyeaiai^,

Kal ravrrjp Kal r(op dXXcop oaai irepl rop

avrop Kaipop iKoipcovrjaap rov avrov nd6ov<i. 9. "ApBpe^ 5' d^ioXoyoL yey opaai rov avrov

C 628

yPov<; ^toBcopoi Bvo ol pijrope<;,

wp

6 vpea-jSvrepo'i

178

GEOGRAPHY,
common
all

13. 4.

7-9

people of the city, most of the work on which was done by prostitutes and he says that
;

of that country prostituted themselves ; and some call the tomb of Alyattes a monument of Some report that Lake Coloe is an prostitution. artificial lake, made to receive the overflows which take place when the rivers are full. Hypaepa is a city which one comes to on the descent from Mt. Tmolus to the Cayster Plain. 8. Callisthenes says that Sardeis was captured first by the Cimmerians, and then by the Treres and the Lycians, as is set forth by Callinus the elegiac poet, and lastly in the time of Cyrus and But when Callinus says that the incursion Croesus. of the Cimmerians was against the Esioneis, at the time of which Sardeis was captured, the Scepsian ^ and his followers surmise that the Asioneis were by Callinus called the Esioneis, in the Ionic dialect ; for perhaps Meionia, he says, was called Asia, and accordingly Homer likewise says, ''on the Asian mead about the streams of the Cayster." The city was later restored in a notable way because of the fertility of its territory, and was inferior to none of its neighbours, though recently it has lost many of its buildings through earthquakes. However, the forethought of Tiberius, our present ruler, has, by his beneficence, restored not only this city but many others I mean all the cities that shared in the same misfortune at about the same time. 9. Notable men of the same family were born at Sardeis the two Diodoruses, the orators, of whom

women

Again Demetrius

of Scepsis.

179

STRABO
Ka\iTO
f.uvo<i

Zcovafi, av))p 7ro\\ov<; ayS)va<; ^ytopia-virep T^9 'Acr/a9, Kara Be ri]V MiOpiSdrov
ra<; 7r6Xi<i,

e^ohov air Lav eV;^i;ACW9, o)? a^i<rT^9 a-nekvaaro ra<; Bia/3o\a<i aiToKo'yrjadfievo'i' rov Be vecorepov (piXov r)filv yevofihov koI laropiKO, cru<yypdp,fiard iari koI
y9a(7tXeft)9

Tou

Trap*

avrov ^

fxeXr)

Kal

dWa

e7rL(f>aLvovra

iKav(t)<;.

rroLijfiara, ryu upx<^^(^v ypa(f>T)V Be. o ira\aio<s 'S.dvBo'i

avyypa(f)eu<i AvB6<; fxev Xeyerai, el Be eK zdpBeeov,

ovx

la-fieu.

Merd Be AvBov'i elatv ol Muaol Kal voXi^ ov yap BiaXelOtXaSeX-fieta aetafxtiiv rrXrjpr^f;, TTOuaip ol roLxot Bitardfj,evoi, xal dXXor' dXXo KaKOiraOovp' oiKOvaiv ovp 7roX,e&)9 rrj(^ fiepoff oXiyoi Bid rovro rijP ttoXip, ol Be rroXXol Kara^LOvcTLv P rij X^P9 ycopyovpr<i, exovre^i evBal10.

fiova yr)P' dXXd Kal rayp oXlywp davpd^eip ea-rlp, on ovrco <pLXo-yw paver iv, 7n(T(f)aXi<f rd<{ olKrjdei^ eri, c dp rL<t fxciXXop dav/judaeie r<ap e'xpvre<i'

Knadvrwp avrrjp. 11. Merd Be ravr earlp KaraKe/cavpepyj XeyofiepT} X^P^ P'^)K0^ p.ev Kal TrepraKoaicop araBlwp, TrXaTo? Be rerpaKOtrlwv, eire Mvalap XPV KaXeiP, etre Mrjoplap (Xeyerai yap dix^orepo)<i), dnaaa
r/

dBepBpo<;
(f)epova7j<i

TrXrjV

dfiiriXov
ovBei>o<i
77

rov KaraKCKavfxepiryjp
ra>p

oipop,
5'

eXXoyip-rop

dperfj

Xenro/xepop.
ireBicop,
*

ecrri Be

7rL(f>dpia re^pcuS?;? ra)p

ircrpooByj^i fieXaiva, o)?

rj

opeiprj

xal

Av

trap*

and
'

ii6\tit

avrov, Xylander changes from a position so the later editors. ;

between tA

i.e.

" burnt " country, situated about the upper course

180

GEOGRAPHY,
;

13. 4.

9-11

the elder was called Zonas, a man who many times pleaded the cause of Asia and at the time of the attack of King Mithridates, he was accused of trying to cause the cities to revolt from him, but in his defence he acquitted himself of the slander. The younger Diodorus, who was a friend of mine, is the author, not only of historical treatises, but also of melic and other poems, which display full well the ancient style of writing. Xanthus, the ancient historian, is indeed called a Lydian, but whether or not he was from Sardeis 1 do not know. 10. After the Lydians come the Mysians; and the city Philadelphia, ever sui)ject to earthquakes. Incessantly the walls of the houses are cracked, different parts of the city being thus affected at For this reason but few people live different times. in the city, and most of them spend their lives as farmers in the country, since they have a fertile soil. Yet one may be surprised at the few, that they are so fond of the place when their dwellings are so insecure and one might marvel still more at those who founded the city. 11. After this region one comes to the Catacecaumene country,^ as it is called, which has a length of five hundred stadia and a bread tii of four hundred, whether it s'lould be called Mysia or Meionia (for both names are used) the whole of it is without trees except the vine that produces the Catacecaumenite wine, which in quality is inferior to none of the notable wines. The surface of the plains are covered with ashes, and the mountainous and rocky country
;
;

of the

Hermus and

its tributaries.

p. 136),

quoted by Tozqv {SelectioTis,

Hamilton {Researches, II, p. 289), confirms Strabo's

account.

181

STRABO
^
iTTiKavaeo)^.

eiKa^ovaL

jjikv

ohf

rvvk^

iK

Kepavvo^oXiwv kol TrprjaT'qpcov Koi ovK OKvovcn ra irepl rbv

/jLvdoXoyelv. TOiv Toircov
VTTO
'S>dv6o<i

avfi^rjvai, tovto,

rovTwv

Tv^payi/a evravOa Be Kal ^Api/uLovv ripa Xiyct ^aatXea. ovk evXoyov Be

rrjv

roiovTQ)v

7ra66ov

Toaavrrjv

')(^u)pav

/jL7rpT]a6rjvaL adp6(o<;,
TTUyoo?, eKkLirelv he

aXKa /xdXkop
<f)V(Ta<;

vvv Ta?

vtto yr)yvov<i 7r7jyd<;' Beitcvvvrai Be

Kal

^66 pot

rpet?, ou?

KokovaiVy oaov rerra-

puKoi'Ta aXk7]\cov BL(TTa)Te<; aTaBiovi;' vTrepKeivrai Be \6(f)0L rpa^el^, ov^ elKh<i ex rcov dva(f>v(Tr}to 8' evd/xireXop 9evT(ov aeawpevcrOai fxvBpwv. rr}v TOiauTijv vvdpxciv yrjv, Xd^ot Tt9 civ Kal k * rf;? ')((t)(TBeL(Tri<; rfj (TttoBco Kal vvv Trj<i KaravaLa<i olvov BayjriXT] Kal KaXov. aTToBiBovarjf; da-re'i^opevoL Be rive^sy elKorw^i Trvptyevrj rov Aiovvaov XeyeaOai (fiaaiv, K tmv tolovtwv '^wpieov TCKfiat'
popevoi.
12.

Ta

S*

^^9 cVl T^ voria peprj

e;^ef

roU
"^ov

roirot^

rovToi<i

/x7r Xo/ca 9

P-^XP''

'^P^'i

Tavpov,

(oare Kal

to, ^pvyia Kal rd KapiKa Kal rd AvBta Kal Tt ra rwv yivaoov BvaBidKpira eivai, rrapa-

TTLTTTOvra ei9 dXXyjXa' el^ Be ttjv avyxva-iv raimjv ov piKpd (TvXXap^dvet to T01/9 'Vo)palov<; pij Kara (f>vXa BieXelv avTOV'i, dXXd erepov rpoirov

Biard^ai

rd<;

BioiKtjarei^,
^

ev

al<;

rd<^

TTOLovvrai Kal Ta9 BiKaioBoaia^.

dyopaiov^ pev ye TyitftiXo?

tKaiM^ crvv7]KTai

avroh

d<l)opi^6pevo<;
^

Kal 'jrpiypa^r)v ex^i perplav, ev T0t9 AvBlot'; pepeaiv, rj Bk

ffvyriKTai

Karatatas, Xylander, for Karaylas. E, truv^xTai other MS8.

" Fire-born."

182

GEOGRAPHY,
is

13. 4.

11-12

black, as

though from conflagration.

Now some

conjecture that this resulted from thunderbolts and from fiery subterranean outbursts, and they do not hesitate to lay there the scene of the mythical story of Typhon and Xanthus adds that a certain Arimus was king of this region but it is not reasonable to suppose that all that country was burnt all at once by reason of such disturbances, but rather by reason of an earth-born fire, the sources of which have now been exhausted. Three pits are to be seen there, which are called " bellows," and they are about forty stadia distant from each other. Above them lie rugged hills, which are reasonably supposed
; ;

to have been heaped up by the hot masses blown That such soil should be well forth from the earth. adapted to the vine one might assume from the

land of Catana, which was heaped with ashes and

now produces excellent wine in great Some writers, judging from places like this,
remark that there
"
Pyrigenes."
^ is

plenty.
wittily

good reason

for calling

Dionysus

12. The parts situated next to this region towards the soutli as far as the Taurus are so inwoven with one another that the Phrygian and the Carian and the Lydian parts, as also those of the Mysians, since they merge into one another, are hard to distinguish. To this confusion no little has been contributed by the fact that the Romans did not divide them according to tribes, but in another way organised their jurisdictions, within which they hold their popular Mt. Tmolus is a quite assemblies and their courts. contracted mass of mountain and has only a moderate circumference, its limits lying within the territory of the Lydians themselves ; but the Mesogis extends

183

STRABO
Meacoylf; ct? to avriKeifxevov fi4po<i hiarclvei fie-ypi MuAfaX?;?, airo KeXaiva)v ap^d^vov, a>9 (^r^ai,
SeoTTo/jLTToii'
*

ware ra

fieu

avrov Opvye^ Kare^

^(ovai, ra irpo^ rai<i KeXati^at? tcaX rfi ATrafiela, 629 ra Be Mvaol xal AvBoi, ra Be Kape? koI "Icore?.

ovTQ) Be KoX

01 TTora/iol, teal fxciXiara 6 MatarSpo?, Biopi^ovre^ tmv eOvcov, Bi (ov Be fxeaoL <f}ep6/xevoL, BvaXrjTrrov Troiovai ruKpi^e^;' koI ire pi Twv ireBioiv Be twv ecf)* eKarepa t/}? t6 6peLvP]<; koI ovB' ^ fjfx'v t(T&)9 eirl T/}? TTOTafiLa<i 6 avTO<; X0709.

ra

fiev

rocrovTOV ^povTuajeov, w? dvayKaiov^ xaypofxer-

roaovTov fxovov vTroypaiTTeov* poifcTiv, KOL 01 irpo t)iJiwv irapaBehdiKa<TL.

13. Tro
tt}?

dWa

oaov

Br) Kav(TTpiav(p irehicp fiera^v ttltttovti t MearoyiBof;^ kol TouTfKoXov, a-vvex^f ecrri 7r/309 0) TO KiX^iavov ireBioVy iroXv re Kal (tvvoi-

"TpKaviov

Kov/iievov ev Kal ^topa/^ ^^'^v (TirovBaiav elra ro ireBiov, YlepaMv eTTOVOfiaadvTwv Kal 7roLK0v<; dyayovrwv CKeWev (6/j,oi(o<i Be Kal to

Kvpov

ireBiov^
ireBiov,

UeXrivov

Ylepaai Karoypo/jiacrav)- elra ro -ijBrj ^pvyiov, Kal ro KiXXdviov

"^

Kal ro 'Va^qvov, e^ovra 7roX.t;^va? ^.t^ocppvyiov^, ixpvaa'i ri Kal HiaiBiKov, a^' wv avrd KaroavopidaOrj. 14. "TirepSdXXovai

Be rr)v ^leawyiBa rrjv fiera^v Kapcov re Kal tT^v NvaaiBo<i, ^ eari x^P^
*

yiffftayls,
* '

Palmer,

ovi\ Meineke, for

ii/o7coro',
Ktyfi.

intrrSyaioi F, fjitfftiytios ode'.

Other

MSS.

Kramer,

for Spa xcfp, all

MSS. except F, which

later

has iyayKaiov
*

Instcail of v-KoypaiTTiov, T)hi have trtpiyp^wTtof. * MfauyiSos, Casaubon, for fitaoyfifiiiiios ; so the editors.

184

GEOGRAPHY,

13.4. 12-14

in the opposite direction as far as Mycale, beginning And thereat Celaenae, according to Theopompus. fore some parts of it are occupied by the Phrygians,
I mean the parts near Celaenae and Apameia, and other parts by Mysians and Lydians, and other parts by Carians and lonians. So, also, the rivers, particularly the Maeander, form the boundary between some of the tribes, but in cases where they flow through the middle of countries they make accurate And the same is to be said of distinction difficult. the plains that are situated on either side of the mountainous territory and of the river land. Neither should I, perhaps, attend to such matters as closely as a surveyor must, but sketch them only so far as they have been transmitted by my predecessors. 13. Contiguous on the east to the Cayster Plain, which lies between the Mesogis and the Tmolus, is the Cilbian Plain. It is extensive and well settled and has a fertile soil. Then comes the Hyrcanian Plain, a name given it by the Persians, who brought Hyrcanian colonists there (the Plain of Cyrus, likeThen wise, was given its name by the Persians). come the Peltine Plain (we are now in Phrygian territory) and the Cillanian and the Tabene Plains, which have towns with a mixed population of Phrygians, these towns also containing a Pisidian element and it is after these that the plains themselves were named. 14. When one crosses over the Mesogis, between the Carians and the territory of Nysa, which latter is
;

'
'

5,

after ireSloy, the editors eject. ^xo^To, Corais and Meineke, for

^x'''''os

^h} ^X"" rds

other

MSS.

VOL. VI.

STRABO
Karh, TO rod

paTiSa Kol

irepav /jlcxpI' t^? Kil3vKaf3a\L8o<;, 7roXei9^ eieri, tt^o? fxv rfj MecrcoyiBL KaTavTLKpv AaoBiKeLa<i '\epd7roX.i9, OTTOV TOL OepflCL vhara Koi to Y\.\OVT(i>VLOV,

MaidvBpov

T%

tlvcl e)(0VTa. to fiev ykp dfjL<f>(o TTapaSo^oXoyiav vBoyp ouTO) paSL(i}<; etV ircapov /xeTU^dWei ttz/ttofievov, Mcrr ox^rov^i e-rrd-yovTe^ (ppayp,ov<i direpyd^oPTai fiovoXlBovi, TO Be YlXovToyviov vir 6(f>pvi fxiKpa T?)? V7rpfcifjivr)<; opeivi)^ aTop-iov eaTi avfificTpov, oaov dv6p(07rov Be^aa-Bai Bvvdfiepoi', fie^ddvTai S* inl ttoXv- irpofceiTai Be tovtov

TeTpdycdvov, ocrov rjfinrXeOpov Tr^v 7rX7]p<; eariv 6p.L-\(Xd}Bov<t TraxeLWi d^Xvof;, oxttc fioyi^ TovBa(f)0<i Kadopdv. TOi? p.ev ovv KVKXrp 7rXrj(Tid^ov<Tt 7r/309 top Bpv(f)aKTov dXvno^ eaTiv 6 drjp, KaOapevoiv eKelvrjf;
Bpv(f)dKTO}p,a

TTeplfieTpov

TOVTo Be

C 630

T%

d^Xvot; iv

Tal<; vr^veiiiai^'

crv/xfievei

ydp ifTO^
Odvaro^

elaa^OevTe^i TrivTovai Koi e^eXKOVTai, veKpoi, i)fxels Bk crTpovdla eK-Kvevaavra' oi 8' iTrefi-^lra/jLev kol eireaev evOut diroKOTTOi TdXXoi irapiacnv diraOeU, ayare xai
/Mexpt'

Tou irepL^oXov tco 8' eto-w irapiovTi irapaxptjp-ci uTravTa' Tavpoc yovv

^corp

Tou (TTO/jllov TrXTjaid^eiv koI eyKviTTeiv Ka\ Karahvvetp p.e\pi, tto&ov avve)(ovTa<i ti? etrX to TToXv TO TTpevfia {(op(op,i> yap ex t^? oyjreeo^ &)? &p TrpiycoBovt Tti/69 Trd6ov<^ efx^aaip), etre
*

8',

after T6\tts, omitted

by x and the

later editors.

the " Plutonia," see Vol. II, p. 442, footnote 1. road overlooks many green spots, once vineyard* " and gardens, separated by partitions of the same material
*

On

"The

186

GEOGRAPHY,
to Cibyratis
First,

13. 4. 14

a country on the far side of the Maeander extending

and
the

Cabalis,

one comes to certain

cities.

Mesogis, opposite Laodiceia, to Hierapolis, where are the hot springs and the Plutonium,^ both of whicli have something marfor the water of the springs vellous about them so easily congeals and changes into stone that people conduct streams of it through ditches and thus make stone fences^ consisting of single stones, while the Plutonium, below a small brow of the mountainous country that lies above it, is an opening of only moderate size, large enough to admit a man, but it reaches a considerable depth, and it is enclosed by a quadrilateral handrail, about half a plethrum in circumference, and this space is full of a vapour so misty and dense that one can scarcely Now to those who approach the see the ground. handrail anywhere round the enclosure the air is harmless, since the outside is free from that vapour in calm weather, for the vapour then stays inside the enclosure, but any animal that passes inside meets instant death. At any rate, bulls that are and I led into it fall and are dragged out dead threw in sparrows and they immediately breathed But the Galli,^ who are eunuchs, their last and fell. pass inside with such impunity that they even ap{)roach the opening, bend over it, and descend into it to a certain depth, though they hold their breath as much as they can (for 1 could see in their countenances an indication of a kind of suffocating
;

near

attack, as

it

were),

whether

this
I.

immunity belongs
quoted by Tozer

(Chandler, Travels in Asia Minor,

{op.cit., p. 290).
8

p. 288),

Priests of Gybel^.

187

STRABO
rovro, etre fiovov koI eire deia irpovoia, iepov, Kaddirep iirl rcov v0ov<Tiaa-p.(op ik6<;, etre dfriBo"jrdvTOiv
7r7r7}pa)fj,evcop

ovTco

TMV

ire pi

TO

TOi<;
rrj<;

rial Bvvdfieai rovrov^ avfi^aivomo<;. to hk aTToXi^wo-ew? Kal eirl nrSiv ev AaoSiKCLa ttotu<f>a<Tl

fiwv

crvfi^aiveiv,

KaitTep

ovtwv

ttotl/xcov.

Kal Trpo? ^a<f)?)v epiwv Oav/j,aaTU}<i avfifierpov TO Kara ttjv 'lepdiroXiv vBcop, uxttc rd ck T(ov pi^cov ^aiTTOf-Leva ivdp.tX\a elrai toi? ^ e/c T^? KOKKOv Kal TOt? dXovpyecTLV' ouTQ) B* earlv d<fiOovov TO TrXtjOo^; rov vBaro<;, ware r) 7ro\t?
<TTL Be

fieaTT) rcov avro/xdrcov

^aXaveiwv
'lepdiroXiv

iari.

rd irepav rov MaiduBpou, rd /xev^ irepl AaoBtKeiav Kal ^A<j>poBiaidBa Kal rd fiexpi' Kapovpwv eipt)rai, rd S* 6^% ia-rl rd fiv irpo^i Bvaip, i) rcov Avriox^MV TToXt? rcov errl MaidpBpfo, t/}? Kapta? rjBrj' rd Be 7r/309 porov 77 KlfSupd earip 7) /xeydXr) Kal rj XipBa
15.

MeTa

Be

rijp

'

ixe^pi, rov Tavpov Kal ri}^ AvKLa<i. ovp Aprioxj^ia fierpia ttoXl^; earlp eV avro) KcipePTj r^ MaLavBpw Kard ro tt/do? rfj <PpvyLa

Kal

T)

Ka^aXU*
^

Tf

/jLp

fj,po<;,

TToXXr^v
fiopa,

Bk ye^^vpa' X(opap 8* l;^e* eKurepa rov TTorafiou, TrciTap* evBatrrXeiarrjv Be (fyepei rijp KaXov/xeprjp Aprio-

eTre^evKrai
(f>^

X^f^V^ 1<^X^^^> '^V^ ^^ auT/;!/ Kal rpi<^vXXov opo/xd^ovaip' evaeiaro^ Be Kal ovro^ eariP 6 roTTO^;, qo(f)iaTT)<; Be irapd rovTOi<; epBo^o^ yeyeptjInstead of rovrov, Dhi and Corais read othtt, other MSS. After fjL4y, E and Meineke read olv. * the editors, for Kafia\aU, all MSS. except DA, Ka&aKls, which read Ka/3aXAati.
*

* '

TOii Fxs, Toij

i83

GEOGRAPHY,
to

13. 4.

14-15

all who are maimed in this way or only to those round the temple, or whether it is because of divine providence, as would be likely in the case of divine obsessions, or whether it is the result of certain physical powers that are antidotes against the The changing of water into stone is said vapour. also to be the case with the rivers in Laodiceia, The water at although their water is potable. Hierapolis is remarkably adapted also to the dyeing of wool, so that wool dyed with the roots ^ rivals that dyed with the coccus ^ or with the marine And the supply of water is so abundant purple.^ that the city is full of natural baths. 15. After Hierapolis one comes to the parts on the far side of the Maeander; I have already described * those round Laodiceia and Aphrodisias and those extending as far as Carura. Tlie next thereafter are the parts towards the west, I mean the city of the Antiocheians on the Maeander, where one finds himself already in Caria, and also the parts towards the south, I mean Greater Cibyra and Sinda and Cabalis, extending as far as the Taurus and Now Antiocheia is a city of moderate size, Lycia. and is situated on the Maeander itself in the region that lies near Phrygia, and there is a bridge over the river. Antiocheia lias considerable territory on each side of the river, which is everywhere fertile, and it produces in greatest quantities the "Antiocheian" dried fig, as it is called, though they also name the same fig " three-leaved.'' This region, too,
is

much
*

subject to earthquakes.
^

Among these people

Madder-root.

Using

Kermes- berries. this particular water, of course.

12. 8. 13, 16, 17.

189

STRABO
rat
Aiorp<f)r]<!,

ov hirjKOvaev
8'

"T^peaf,

KaO^

16. XoXvfiov^i
rrj<;

elval <paat, tov<;

Ka^aXeU'^

yovv TepfMrjcraecov^ aKpa^ 6 virepKeifievofi \6<^o^ KaXelrai 1,6\vfio<;, kol avTol Be ol Tepp-rjaaet<;^ '^oXv/ioi KoXovvrai. nXiiaiov 8' cVtI koX
6 l^eWpo(f)6vTov X"P^^ '^^'' ^ lleLadifBpov Td<f>o<i Tov vlov, 7r(T6vro<; ev ry 7rpo<: ^o\vp,ov<i P-^XV' ravra Be kol to??* vtto tov ttoitjtov XeynpAvot^;

6/jio\oyLTar
(l)rj(Tlp

TTcpl

p.v

yap rov BeWepoipovTOV

KvBaXlfioKTi*

Ol/T&)9*

BevTcpou au
irepl Be

"EoXv/jlokti, p^ax^o'craTO

rov

TratBo^;

avrov'
"

C 631

YieiaavBpov^ Be ol vlov \pri<i aTO<; nroXip^LO p,apvdpLvov XoXv/xoiai KareKTavev,

Tf

Be Tepfirjacoi; eVrt UiaiBiKT] 7r6Xi<i ; pLdXtara KOL eyyiara VTrepKeip^vrj Trj<; Ki8vna<;. 17. AeyovruL Be aTToynvut. iWtoiv ol Ki^vparai TOiV KuracrxovTiov rijp Ka^aXlBa,^ varepou Be UktiBmv to)v op-opoiv oUiadpTcov ^ Kal p^raxri' advTcov 649 erepov tottov evepKeaTarov ev kvkX^ (TTaBlwv TTcpl CKarov. yjv^tjOyj Be Bia rrjv evvop.iaVt KoX al Ktapui irape^iretvav utto IltcrtSta? xal t^9 ofiopov MiXvdBo<;^ eoxt Avxla^ Kal TTj<i *Po8tW
*

Ko/3oAj X, Ka$aK\(is other MSS. Ttpfirjaaicnv, Coraia, for T*pfjiria4<s

CDFmoxx,
TA/uTj<rrr,

TtXn^iVfftatt

no, Tt\ixi<raiuv E. ' Instead of T(pix7\<Tatis, CDF/ux read

<rfs,
*

rw
8'

T*X^Tj<r-

Ki' TtXfutTr^s.

Hal ToiS, Corais, for 5' iKaarott TOis X, 8' (Koo-ra toij , ht raiit moz.
Si

CDVhirto,

ixdiaroit

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 4. 15-17

arose a famous sophist, Diotrephes, whose complete course was taken by Hybreas,who became the greatest orator of my time. 16. The Cabaleis are said to be the Solymi ; at any rate, the hill that lies above the fortress of the Termessians is called Solymus, and the Termessians themselves are called Solymi. Near by is the Palisade of Bellerophon, and also the tomb of his son Peisander, who fell in the battle against the Solymi. This account agrees also with the words of the poet, for he says of Bellerophon, "next he ^ fought with the glorious Solymi," and of his son, *'and Peisander 2 his son was slain by Ares, insatiate of war, when he was fighting with the Solymi." ' Termessus is a Pisidian city, which lies directly

above Cibyra and very near it. 17. It is said that the Cibyratae are descendants of the Lydians who took possession of Cabalis, and later of the neighbouring Pisidians, who settled there and transferred the city to another site, a site very strongly fortified and about one hundred
its good extended alongside it from Pisidia and the neighbouring Milyas as far as Lycia and the Peraea * of the Rhodians. Three bordering

stadia in circuit.
its

It

grew strong through

laws; and

villages

1
*

Iliad

6. 184.

The Homeric text reads "Isander"

Iliad 6. 203.
*

(see 12. 8. 5). territory.

Mainland

* Instead of Ueiaav^pov, E reads Uiffav^pov. text has "laa.vdpov. KaaaAfSa, the editors, for Ka^aWlha. '

The Homeric

\Whorz read

oiKTiaavrfav,

'

MtAudSoj, Tsschucke, for MwXiaSoy.

191

STRABO
TTf/oata?* -rrpocryevo/ievcDV Be rptayv iroXecav ofiopayv,

BouySwi/o?,^

Ba\l3ovpci)v, Olvodvhwv,^ rerpaTroXt?

TO

<TuaT7)/j.a i/cXyjOr], /xlav Kd(TTrj<; y^fj<^ov

ixov-

<Tr](;,

Svo

Be

T/79

Ki^vpa^'

ecTreWe yap avrrj

Be Biaxi-Xiov^'

ire^MV p,v rpeU pvpidBa<;,

'nrrreaf;

TvpavvLTo 6' dcL, (Tdx^povw^ 8' 0/xft)?' eVl Moayerov 8' r) rvpavvXf; reko^ ^^X^ f(ciTaXv(TaifTo<; avTrjv Mouprjvd /cal AvKLOt^ 7rpo<TopL(TavTO<; to, BdX^ovpa Kal rrjv Bof/Swra' ovBev 8' ^ttov iv
rait; peyi(TTai<i
17

i^erd^eraL BLOt-K/jaeaL

t?}? 'A<7ta?

KL^upariK/].

TTTapai Be yXd)TTaL<: expwvro

ol Kt^updrai, rfj HktiBlktj, ttj loXv/xrov, rfj AvBwp^ Be ovB' tx^o^: ^EXXrjviBi, rfj AvBo)V' earlv ev AvBia. tBiov 8' ccttIv ev Ki^upa to tov

t%

(TiB-qpov
17

TopeveaOaL

pa8tft)9.

MiXva*

8'

earlv

T&v Kara Tepp^rja-arov arrevSyv Kal tt)? t9 to cVto? toO Tavpov virepdea-eax; Bi' avro)v eVi
ttTTO
^

"laLvBa Trapareivovaa opeivrj pe^pi %ayaXa<T<TOv Kal rrj<; A7rap.(i)v x^P^^

Bov$covosy
Oivod'Scov,
Tjji

Tzschucko, for Bovfiovywv C, BovBwpoh' other

Tzschucke, for OlvodvSfwv.
Miillcr-Diibner insert; ivv
i,

MSS.

Ai/Sit',

ravrris certain

editors.

199

GEOGRAPHY,

13. 4.

17

cities were added to it, Bubon, Balbura, and Oenoanda, and the union was called Tetrapolis, each of the three having one vote, but Cibyra two for Cibyra could send forth thirty thousand footsoldiers and two thousand horse. It was always
;

ruled by tyrants; but still they ruled it with moderation. However, the tyranny ended in the time of Moagetes, when Murena overthrew it and included Balbura and Bubon within the territory of But none the less the jurisdiction of the Lycians. Cibyra is rated among the greatest in Asia. The Cibyratae used four languages, the Pisidian, that of the Solymi, Greek, and that of the Lydians ; ^ but there is not even a trace of the language of the Lydians in Lydia. The easy embossing of iron is a peculiar thing at Cibyra. Milya is the mountain-

range extending from the narrows at Termessus and from the pass that leads over through them to the region inside the Taurus towards Isinda, as far as Sagalassus and the country of the Apameians.
* See A. H. Sayce, Anatolian Studies presented IVilliam Mitchell Ramsay, p. 396.

to

Sir

Instead of MtAvo, I)E read Mv\ia,

oz MiKia.

G 2

BOOK XIV

AotTTOv 8' iarlv elTrelv irepl *I&>i;ri)i; Kai C 632 Kapwp Kol T^9 e^di rov Tavpov irapaXLa^, fjv exovai, AvKioi t kol T[d/ji<i>v\oi^ kol KtXfAce?*
1.

re\o<; rj iracra t^? )(ppovrj(Tov ^9 laO/xov e<j)afjLv ryv virip^aaiv rrjv Trepi-qytjcTif:, ix T% Y[ovTiKrj<; OaXaTTT}^ eirX rr]v ^laaiKijv,

ovTO)

yap av exot

2. "Eo-Tfc

Be

tT;?

'IcDi/ta?

fiV

7rpL7r\ov<;

Trapct yrjv

aTahiwv
hia
ttl

ttov Tpicr^iXlayv

rerpaKoaiwv

rpLCLKOvra
povrjai^eiv
evOela^;

tol'9

koXttov^
rrjv

irXelov

fjLrjKO^i

ov ttoKv.

hia to X^P' rb 5' evr' avro ovv to e^ ^E<f>aov

')(^(opav,

koX

fiexp^ ^P'Vpvr)<i 6Bo<; fxiv icrriv eV evdeia^ Tp(aKoaioi eiKocTL ardBLOi' 619 yap }^\y]Tp67ro\iv etcarov Kul iKO(TL (TTuBioi, 01 Xoifrol Be ei9 "^/JLvpvav,

TrepLTrXov; Bk fiiKpov diroXeLTTcov rwv Bt.d'^iXiaiv eari 8' ovv diro rov WoaeiBiov Kai BiaKocTLMV.

rov MiXrjalcdv kuI twp YiapiKMV opcov^ H'^XP'' ^(i)Kala<; koX tov "Kp/xov to Trepan; tP]<; *Io)VIktj^
7rapaXla<;. 3. TavTTj<; Be
(f>T]<n <t>pfcvBy]<i

Mvovpra xal ra vepl MvkoXtjp

*

MlXtjtov /jlcp kuI kuI ^E(J><top

niin<f>v\oi

DF

ifwv,
*

Groskurd, for

nan<pv\ioi other MSS. so the later editors. 6pi>r

;

For map of Asia Minor, see Vol.

(at end).

196

BOOK XIV
1.^ It remains for me to speak of the lonians and the Carians and the seaboard outside the Taurus,

occupied by Lycians, Pamphylians, and way I can finish my entire description of the peninsula, the isthmus of which, as 1 was saying,^ is the road which leads over from the Pontic Sea to the Issic Sea. 2. The coasting voyage round Ionia is about three thousand four hundred and thirty stadia, this distance being so great because of the gulfs and the fact that the country forms a peninsula of unusual extent but the distance in a straight line across the For instance, merely the isthmus is not great. distance from Ephesus to Smyrna is a journey, in a straight line, of three hundred and twenty stadia, for the distance to Metropolis is one hundred and twenty stadia and the remainder to Smyrna, whereas the coasting voyage is but slightly short of two thousand two hundred. Be that as it may, the bounds of the Ionian coast extend from the Poseidium of the Milesians, and from the Carinn frontiers, as far as Phocaea and the Hermus River, which latter is the limit of the Ionian seaboard. 3. Pherecydes says concerning this seaboard that Miletus and Myus and the parts round Mycale and

which

last is
;

CiHcians

for in this

12. 1. 3.

197

STRABO
Kapa? ex^tv rrporepov, rrjv 5' ef?}? TrapaXlap pexpt ^(OKaLa<; koX Xlov koI Xd/xov,^ ^9 'AyKaLO<i
rjpx^t AeXeja^;' eK^Xr^Orjvat, 5' ap.(j>OTepov<i viro TOiv ^Xoivdiv, Kol eU ra Xolttcl fieprj t/}? Kapia^

ap^ai Be (f)Tj(riv "AvBpoKXou Trj<; rSyv varepov t/}? Alo\tKr]<;, vloi' yvi](nov K.6Bpov tov \\6rivoiv ySatrtXeo)?, yevecrOai C 633 Be TOVTOv ^K(fieaov KTicrrr^v Bioirep to fiaaiXeiov
K7rcrLU.

'Iwi^wi^

d7roiKLa<;,

^Icovoyv ifccL GvaTrjvai (f)aar kol etl vvv ol K TOV yevov^ ovo^d^ovTai ^acnXl<i, exovTe<; riva^ TLfJid^y irpoeBpiav re iv dyoxTi Koi irop^vpav itriarj/jLOv TOV ^a<TiXiKov yevov;, aKLTrwva vlvtX aKriirkoI Tpov, KoX TCL lepa TTJ<; *EXV(TivLa<; Ai}fj,i]Tpo<;. MlXtjtov 8' CKTLaev NrjXev^i eK WvXov to 761/0? Mv oi T Meaa-tjviOL kul 01 YIvXloi avyyeveidp Tiva irpocr'jroLovvTaL, Kad^ f]v xal Weaajjviov tov

TMV

Nea-Topa

ol veanTepoi ^acn TroirjTal, ftal toU irepX ^eXavOov tov KoBpov iraTepa TroXXov^t icaX to)v
^

YlvXitov avve^apai (f)aaiv 64? TUf;

Bt)

AOrjva^' tovtov
(TTclXat

irdvTa tov Xaov

fiCT^, rcov *\(ovq)v koivtj

TT}v dtroiKLav.
^(ofj.o<i

tov Bk NrjXifof; iirl T(p YloaeiBicp KvBprjXo<i Bk v60o<i YBpvfia BeUvvTUL.

'

vto<i

KoBpov MvovvTa

KTil^ei'

AvBpoTrofjLTro^;

Bk
real

Ae^eBov,
Mifivep^o^i

fcaTaXa^ofxevo^i
iv

tottov

TLvh

"ApTtv
<l>'rj<Ti

KoXo(f)(Jl)va 6'

^AvBpatficov^ llvXio<;,

w?

NavvoL'
^

NrjXeco^i, elO' vaTepov dyayfov Tea) Bk AOdixa^ fiev irpoTepov, Bioirep AOafxavTiBa KaXel avTr)v 'AvaKpeayv, kut^ Bk
'

Upirjvrjv B' AtirvTO^ 4>4\a>Tas" eV ^T)fia>v Xaov

For Xlov and

'AySptfio/y
*

J.dnov

Kramer

conj. Xioy

and

Idpiov.

CFsxz.
10) otherwise

fragment (Bergk

unknown.

198

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i. 3.

He says that Androclus, legitimate parts of Caria. son of Codrus the king of Athens, was the leader of the Ionian colonisation, which was later than the Aeolian, and that he became the founder of Ephesus and for this reason, it is said, the royal seat of the Ionians was established there. And still now the descendants of his family are called kings and they have certain honours, I mean the privilege of front seats at the games and of wearing purple robes as insignia of royal descent, and staff instead of sceptre, and of the superintendence of the sacrifices in honour of the Eleusinian Demeter. Miletus was founded by Neleus, a Pylian by birth. The Messenians and the Pylians pretend a kind of kinship with one another, according to which the more recent poets call Nestor a Messenian and they say that many of the Pylians accompanied
;

Ephesus were in earlier times occupied by Carians, and that the coast next thereafter, as far as Phocaea and Chios and Samos, which were ruled by Ancaeus, was occupied by Leleges, but that both were driven out by the ionians and took refuge in the remaining

Melanthus, father of Codrus, and his followers to Athens, and that, accordingly, all this people sent forth the colonising expedition in common with the There is an altar, erected by Neleus, to Ionians. be seen on the Poseidium. Myus was founded by Cydrelus, bastard son of Codrus; Lebedus by Andropompus, who seized a place called Artis Colophon by Andraemon a Pylian, according to Mimnermus in his Nanno ^ Priene by Aepytus the son of Neleus, and then later by Philotas, who brought a colony from Thebes Teos, at first by Athamas, for which reason it is by Anacreon called Athamantis, and at
;

199

STRABO
TTjv ^IcoviKrjp

airoLKiav
"

NaO/cA-o?

vio<i

KoSpov

Koi fiera tovtov XiroiKO'i ^ koX Ad^aao^ ^AOrjvaloi Koi Teprj*;^ K BotwTWj/* ^EpvOpa<; Be Ki^wTTO?, Kal OUT09 f/o? KoBpov v66o<i' ^(DKaLav
v66o<;,

ol

pera

<t>i\oyevov<;

Be llupa\o<;'
Y\poK\r]<;.^

Xlov Be

y6pevo<i 7r\t]0ofi'
4.

KXa^opPCt<; avfxpiKTov eVaXcipov Be Tep^plcop,^ eW^ varepov

AOrjvaloi'
'Fjy6pTio<;,

AvTui, pev BcoBeKa ^hoviKal iroXei*;, irpoaeBe )(p6poi<i varepov kcu ^pvppa, t<? to ^IcopiKOP epayayovTcop ^K(f>eaL(op' ^jaap yap aifTol^ avpoi/coL TO TraXaiop, i)pLKa kol Ipvppa exaXelro Kal KaXXti'o? ttov ovT(o<i ODPopaxep 7) "Ei^eao?* avnjp, ^p,vppaLOv<i tou? 'E^6(7tof9 KaXtop ep r^ TT/oo? TOP Ala Xoyro'
\7)(f>0rj

^pvpvaLOV<i Kal TrdXiv'

ppTjaaL
5'

5'

eXerjaop'

etKore toi prjpla

KaXh ^owp

^pvppaloi KareKT/ap.^
'^pvppa
il^'
ft)?
T)<{

3' rfp ^Apa^CDP 77 Kajaa^^ovaa rijp ''E<f>a'OP, Tovpopa Kal Tot? dp0p(O7roi<i Kal rfj TroXet,

^K<f)aL(OP

"Ziavp^iTai riP<i r&p 1ia-vp^7j<; eXeyopro' Kal totto^ Be ti<{ tt}? 'E^<tov 'S.pvppa eKaXelro, o)? BtjXoI 'iTnrayva^'
Kal
diro
fpKCL

OTTiaOe

Trj<i

ir6Xi}o<i ep

^pvpprj

pera^u Tprj^eLT]<i re Kal Aeirprjfi uKTri^. eKaXelro yap Aenprj pep aKrr) 6 Ylpitop 6 vrrepKcCpepo^
avrys;'
*

rt}<;

pvp rroXeo)^,
Tzschucke, for

)(0)P

ra yovp omcrOep rov

TlolKtis

pepo^ rov rei^ov^ l\pioiPo<i Krtjpara

'Airoiwoi,

F, TliKy-ns x, no/c7ji other

MSS. 200

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

3-4

the time of the Ionian colonisation by Nauclus, bastard son of Codrus, and after him by Apoecus and Damasus, who were Athenians, and Geres, a Boeotian Erythrae by Cnopus, he too a bastard son of Codrus Phocaea by the Athenians under Philogenes Clazomenae by Parahis; Chios by Egertius, who brought with him a mixed crowd; Samos by
; ;
;

Tembrion, and then later by Procles. 4. These are the twelve Ionian cities,^ but at a later time Smyrna was added, being induced by the Ephesians to join the Ionian League for the Ephesians were fellow-inhabitants of the Smyrnaeans in ancient times, when Ephesus was also called
;

Smyrna. And Callinus somewhere so names it, when he calls the Ephesians Smyrnaeans in the prayer
to Zeus,

pity the Smyrnaeans"; and again, ever the Smyrnaeans burnt up beau^ tiful thighs of oxen in sacrifice to thee." Smyrna was an Amazon who took possession of Ephesus and hence the name both of the inhabitants and of the called city, just as certain of the Ephesians were Also a certain place beSisyrbitae after Sisyrbe.

"and
if

"

remember,

longing to Ephesus was called Smyrna, as Hipponax plainly indicates: "He lived behind the city in Smyrna between Tracheia and Lepra Acte";'* for the name Lepra Acte was given to Mt. Prion, which lies above the present city and has on it a part of the Prion city's wall. At any rate, the possessions behind
1

8. 7. 1.

Frag. 2 (Bergk).

Frag. 44 (Bergk).

* ^
* 8.

Tip-r]s,

TenfipicDv,

the editors, for yap ^v. the editors, for TriuBpiov. Instead of npoK\?]s, moxz read UarpoKXTis (op. Etym. Mag.
S/twpvajo/ Kar^K-riav,

v.).
*

Jones inserts, from oonj. of Corais.

201

STRABO
C 631
\iyTaL iv rfj 'OwiaBoXeTrpLa' Tpax^ia iKuXelro rj irepi rov Kop^jaerov napcopeioff. 17 Be TToX-f? ^v TO iraXaiov irepl to ^AOtjvaiou to vvv ^(o rrj<; TToXew? 6v Kara tvjv KaXov/jLCurjv "TireXaiov, axTTe rj Xfivpva ^v Kara to pup yvfjLpdaiop oTTiaOep fiev t^? pvp ^ TroXew?, ficTa^v Be Tp7]-)^i7j<i T Koi Aeirprjt; ^ aACT?}?. (i7r\06vT<;
3'

TL vvvl

Be irapa rcop ^K<f)aLcop oi "E/ivpvaioi arparevova-ip inl TOP TOTTOP, P c5 PVP eaTiP rj ^/ivppa, AeXeywi;

KUTexoPToyp' K^a\6pT<i B' avTov<i eKTiaap ttjv iraXaiap "Z/jivppap, BL)(ovaap tt)? pvp irepl cifcoai
araBlovf;,

vaTepop Bk
el<;

viro

AloXewp

eKireaoPTe'i

KaTe(f)vyop
e7rtoi/T9

KoXo(f>(i)pa,
(T<f)Tepap
TTJ

Kal

ficTO, rayp

ipOepBe

TT]P

aireXa^op'
cfypd^ci,

Kaddirep Kal
fiprjaOeU t/}?
Xi7r6pT<;

Mi/jLvep/iof;
X/xvppi]<i,
r)fjLL<i

NappoL

on

TrepifidxVTOf; del'

alirv^

WvXov^
^

N^)Xi]iop

ugtv

i/xepTrjp ^Aalrjp prjvalp

i'i

B^

epuTTjp
.xoPTe<s

d^tKofxeda. KoXo(P(OPa fiii)P virepoirXop

e^ofieO'

KeWep
TovTa

'

8'

dpyaX^T]^ v^pio<i rjyefiope^, A<TTi]ePT0^^ diroppvpepoL iroTa/jLolo

'

0(op ^ovXfi '^fjLvppap e'iXofiep

p,P irepX
rrjp

AloXlBa,

tovtmp' ecfioBevreop Bk irdXiP rh

Ka0' exaaTa,
*

dpx^^
F

diro ro)P rjye/xopiKayrepcop

;

Instead of
AirpTJj,

viiv,

reads wort
t<Jt.

whence Kramer

conj.

xoTt
*

and Meineke reads

the editors, for

Aeirp^Tjf.
;

' Instead of aiirv, F reatls ^ir{ rt, after oJiru, the editors since Hopper omit, except Meineke, who writes vn*is Zriiirt for alrv rt. * nv\ov Bergk, for UOxoy, which latter Meineke retains.

3oa

GEOGRAPHY,
are
still

14.

i.

4
"

opistholeprian territory/ and the country alongside the mountain " Tracheia." ^ The round Coressus was called city was in ancient times round the Athenaeum, which is now outside the city near the Hypelaeus,^ as it so that Smyrna was near the present is called gymnasium, behind the present city, but between Tracheia and Lepra Acte. On departing from the Ephesians, the Smyrnaeans marched to the place
;

now

referred to as in the

''

where Smyrna now is, which was in the possession of the Leleges, and, having driven them out, they founded the ancient Smyrna, which is about twenty But later, stadia distant from the present Smyrna. being driven out by the Aeolians, they fled for refuge to Colophon, and then with the Colophonians returned to their own land and took it back, as Mimnermus tells us in his Nanno, after recalling that " After Smyrna was always an object of contention we left Pylus, the steep city of Neleus, we came by ship to lovely Asia, and with our overweening might settled in beloved Colophon, taking the initiative in grievous insolence. And from there, setting out from the Asteeis River, by the will of the gods we took Aeolian Smyrna." * So much, then, on this subject. But I must again go over the several parts in detail,
:

i.e.
i.e.

in the territory " "

"behind Lepra."
*

Rugged

country.
Frag. 9 (Bergk).

fountain.

^ ^

ipaT-i}t>,

S'

'Ao-T^ti/Toj is
;

p. 1028)
8'

VVyttenbach, for &pa t4\v so the editors. doubtful (see C. Miiller, Ind. Far. Led. CF02 read Siaar-fievros ; the editors before Kramer,
;

'AarvfVTOs.
cJfAo/tej',

Clavier^ far ftSofifv

so the editors.

203

STRABO
TOTTfov 7roirjaafivov<;, ^'
ktI(T1';

iyevoPTO,

Xeyco

Koi
5.

"E^eo-ov

avrai

koX irpoyTOV ai irepX MtXi;TOP yap apiaTai ttoXcl^ koX

oivrrep

Be

ratv

ipBo^orarai.

Mera Be to UoaelBiov to MiXrja-icop ef% * TO fxavrelov rov AtSu/xeco? A7r6W<opo<; to cV B/)a7%/Sai9, ava/3duTi o(top oKTonKaiBeKa araBlov^' epeirprjaOr} 5' i^Tro cep^ov, Kudd-Kep kol to. lepa 7r\r)p rov ip ^E(f)aa>- ol Be J^payx^'Bai toi)? Orjaavpovfi rov 6eov irapaBopre^; rm Ilepa-rj <f)evyoprt avpairrfpap, rov firj riaai BLKa<{ t^9 UpoavXta? Kul ri]<i TTpoBocia^i. varepop B' ol Mt\7j<rtot
e<rTl

aWa

pAyiarop
Be
Xft)/ot9

pecop rS)P Trdprcop

KareaKevaaap,

Bicfieipe

/cco/x?;? yovp 6po^ri<i Bia ro fieyeOo^;' KaroiKLap 6 rov arjKov rrepi^oXo^ BeBcKrat, koi Be d\ao<; Pr6<i re kul 6acto? TroXuTeXe?*

dWoi

ro fxavrelop kol rd lepd avvexovaiP' epravOa Be fjLvdeverai rd rrepX rop B/jayvoi/ koi rop epcara rov 'AttoWwi'o?* KCKoa/xJirai B dvaO^/iaai rwp dp^alwv re^voiv iroXvreXearara' eprevdep B* eVt rr)P TToXtP ov iroXXr) 6B6<i earip, ovBe ttXoD?. 6. ^rjal 3' "K^opo^ ro rrptarop Krlcrfxa elpai
<rr)Kol

KprjriKOPfVTrep rrj<i 6aXdrrr)<i r^reixicr/xepop, onov PVP rj TrdXai MtX?;T09 eari, '!S,ap7rr]B6po<i K MiXip-ov rrj<; KprjriKrj<i dyayopro^ OLKi'^ropa^ kcu 635 Oefievov rovpo/na rfj iroXei t^9 i<L 7r6\eco<; eirwPV' fiop, Kare-)(ovr(t)P irporepop AeXeywp rop ronop* TO 1/9 Be ire pi f^rjXea varepop rrjp vvp reix^cai TToXip. ex^t Be rerrapa<; Xifiepa<: rj pvp, ojp ?pa

KaX aroXtp ixapop.

'

TroXXd B4

rrj<:

iroXeo)^

epya

i<p\

Corais, for 4^*.

204

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

4-6

beginning with the principal places, those where the foundings first took place, 1 mean those round Miletus and Ephesus for these are the best and most famous cities. 5. Next after the Poseidium of the Milesians, eighteen stadia inland, is the oracle of Apollo Didymeus among the Branchidae.^ It was set on fire by Xerxes, as were also the other temples, except that at Ephesus. The Branchidae gave over the treasures of the god to the Persian king, and accompanied him in his flight in order to escape punishment for the robbing and the betrayal of the But later the Milesians erected the largest temple. temple in the world, though on account of its size it remained without a roof. At any rate, the circuit of the sacred enclosure holds a village settlement ; and there is a magnificent sacred grove both inside and outside the enclosure and other sacred enclosures contain the oracle and the shrines. Here is laid the scene of the myth of Branchus and the love of Apollo. The temple is adorned with costliest offerings consisting of early works of art Thence to the city is no long journey, by land or by sea. Miletus was first founded and 6. Ephorus says fortified above the sea by the Cretans, where the Miletus of olden times is now situated, being settled by Sarpedon, who brought colonists from the Cretan Miletus and named the city after that Miletus, the place formerly being in the possession of the Leleges but later Neleus and his followers fortified the present city. The present city has four harbours, one of which is large enough for a fleet. Many are
; ;
:

i.e.

at Didyma.

On

this

temple see Herod.

1. 46, 5. 36,

6. 19.

205

STRABO
rauTr]<i,

6 re

^ fiiyi<nov Bk to ttXtjOo'; t&v airoiKiStv ttopto^ vtto tovtcdv avpa>Ki(jTai yap Kv^eivof:
tj

Tra? Kal

WpoTTOvrl^ kuI dXKoi TrXetou? roiroi.

^Ava^ifieur}<;

yovv

6 Aa/jL\J/aKT]v6<i

ovrw

<f>r]<Tlv,

on

Kal "iKapov ri)v vrjaov fcal Aepov ^liXijaioi <TVv<pKiaav Kal Trepl 'EWt^ctttoi/tov iv fiev rfj Xeppovrjcrrp At/ui^a?, ev he rfj

Uataov
rjixel*;

iv
ev

he
roi<;

ttj

^Aaua "A^vBov, ^'Apia^av, Kv^iKtjvMv vtja^ ^ApraKrjv,

'^Ktjyfrip'

K-V^iKov ev he
8'

ttj

fiea-oyaia T779 T/jtwaSo?

kuO^ etcaara Xeyo/xev Kal rk^ OvXiov aXka<; ra^ vtto tovtov TrapaXeXei^fxeva^. V 'AiroWcova KaXoval rtva Kal MiXTjaioi Kal AtjXioi, olov vyiaarfKov Kal iraccoviKov to yap ovXeiv vyialveiv, a<p' ov Kal rb ovXrj Kal to

ovXe Te Kal fiiya

^

xatpe*

AiroXXctiV Kal rj "Aprefxt'; airo tov dprefiea'i iroLelv Kal 6 "YiXio^ he Kal 17 ^eXrjvrj avvoiKeiovvrai tovtol^, otl tt}? irepl tov<; depa^ evKpaaia'^ aXnoL' Kal rd Xol/hikcl he trdOrj xaX T01/9 avTOfiarovti davdTOV<; tovtol<; dvdirTOvaL toI^ Oeoh.
laTLKO^

yap

7.

"Aphpa

5'

d^ioi

p,vrjfir)'i

eyivovTO
Kal

iv

TJj

MiXfJTfp aX?)?
(f>V(7ioXoyLa<;
fiaTiKT}<;,

T, el? rcov eiTTa (to4>(>v, 6

TrpwTO?
/xadr}^

dp^a^i
6

iv toI<; "MXXriai.
'

Kal

tovtou

p.adrjTr}<i

Ava^ip,avhpo^

Kal 6 TOVTOV ttuXlv 'Ava^tfiivt]^, TL 8' 'EAcarato? 6 Ti]v laTopiav avvTa^a^i, Kad' f}pid^ he Ala-)(ivrj';
*

kiroiKiu>y,
*

X and the

The Homeric text has

i.e. i.e.

editors, instead of iirolKoiv. /xd\a instead of fitya. "

;

* *

a "healed wound '* "safe and sound,

also a

scar."

The Sun-god.

206

GEOGRAPHY,
the achievements of this
city,
;

14. i.

6-7
is

but the greatest

the

number of
also

has been the Propontis and several other regions. At any rate, Anaximenes of Lampsacus says that the Milesians colonised the islands Icaros and Leros ; and, near the Hellespont, Limnae in the Chersonesus, as also Abydus and Arisba and Paesus in Asia ; and Artace and Cyzicus in the island of the Cyziceni and Scepsis in the interior of the Troad. I, however, in my detailed description speak of the other cities, which have been omitted by him. Both Milesians and Delians invoke an Apollo " Ulius," that is, as god of "health and healing," " for the verb " ulein means "to be healthy"; whence the noun "ule"^ and the salutation, "Both " health and great joy to thee ; for Apollo is the god of healing. And Artemis has her name from the fact that she makes people " Artemeas." ^ And both Helius^ and Selene^ are closely associated with these, since they are the causes of the temperature of the air. And both pestilential diseases and sudden deaths are imputed to these gods. 7. Notable men were born at Miletus: Thales, one of the Seven Wise Men, the first to begin the science of natural philosophy^ and mathematics among the Greeks, and his pupil Anaximander, and again the pupil of the latter, Anaximenes, and also Hecataeus, the author of the History, and, in my time, Aeschines the orator, who remained in exile
;

colonisations for the Euxine Pontus colonised everywhere by these people, as

its

The Moon-goddess.
Greek
2).

of

Literally "physiology," which again shows the perversion scientific names in English (cf. Vol. I, p. 27, foot-

note

207

STRABO
6 prirayp, S? eV <^f75 ^t^TeXecre, 7rappr)<Tiaa-dfjLvo<;
7rpb<; Uofnrrjiov Mdyvop. rjrvdiroKkeicraaa ^AXe^avSpov xal \ia ^: X7j<f)6i(Ta, Kaddirep koX A\iKapvaa6<:* en Be irporepov vtto Wepcrttiv Kai (^-qai ye KaWiaOevri^,

irepa tov fierpiov

'-qae
5'
17

TroXt?,

'

^AOrjvaiwv x^^^o,^** hpaxP-aU ^r}fi(a)6fjvai. <PpvVLXov rov TpayiKov, Biori Bpafxa iiroLyjae MiXijtov aXwaiv VTTO Aapelov. TrpoKeirai 5' 7) AdBtj vrjao^ Koi rd^ vepX Ta? Tpayala<i vrjala, TrXrjcTLOV
v(f)6pfiov<;

VTT

e^ovra
rj

Xr]<TTal<i,

8. 'Ef>)9

WpuKXeia
vcfiopfiov
6ficovvp.(D<;

<ttIv 6 AaTfjitKo^ ^ koXtto*;, ev vtto Adrp^rp Xeyo/jLevrj, iroXixviov

exov GKaXelro Be frpojepov Adrfio^ ry vTTpKLp,ev(p opei, oirep 'E/caralof;

TO avTo
eii'tti

fiev /jL<f)aiVL

vofiii^wv rtp

viro

rov

^OcLpoiv opet Xeyofiep^ (vTrep yap tt;? AdTp,ov <l)r]<TL TO <t>Oeipa)v opo^ Kelardat), Tivk^ C36 Be TO Vplov (fyaaiv, &>? &v TrapdXXrjXov r^ Adrp-fp dvrJKOv aTrb t% MiXrjala^i 7rpo<; eo) Bta T^9 KapLa<i p^e^pi Evp(op.ov xal XaXKTjTopoov' vTrepKeirai, Be ravrr)^ ev yy^et,^ /xixpou 5' dirwdev Bia^dvTL TTorapucrKOP irpo^ to3 Adrp^tp BeiKwrai EvBvp,la)vo<; ev riPi anrjXal^' elra d<pi' Td<po<i 'llpafcXela^; eirl Uvppap iroXixvr)p irXov^ eKarop
TToirjrov

nov
9.

(TTaBlcov.

MiKpop

Be

irXeop

to

citto

MlXtitov
B'

'HpdKXeiap eyxoXTri^oPTi, evdvirXola

* '

et?

eU Hup-

rd,

AaTfAiKSs,

omitted by MSS. except E. Xylander, for Arrrofji7)K6t

L\^ti,

F,

Aaroumxis
reads.

i,

AarofiiK6t other M8S. * For Z^ti Groskurd conj.

and Meineke so

908

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

7-9

to the end, since he spoke freely, beyond moderaBut the city was tion, before Pompey the Great. unfortunate, since it shut its gates against Alexander and was taken by force, as was also the case with and also, before that time, it was Halicarnassus taken by the Persians. And Callisthenes says that Phrynichus the tragic poet was fined a thousand drachmas by the Athenians because he wrote a play The entitled The Capture of Miletus by Dareius. island Lade lies close in front of Miletus, as do also the isles in the neighbourhood of the Tragaeae,
;

which afford anchorage for pirates. 8. Next comes the Latmian Gulf, on which is situated " Heracleia below Latmus," as it is called, It was at a small town that has an anchoring-place. first called Latmus, the same name as the mountain that lies above it, which Hecataeus indicates, in his opinion, to be the same as that which by the poet ^ is called ^'the mountain of the Phtheires" (for he that the mountain of the Phtheires lies above says Latmus), though some say that it is Mt. Grium, which is approximately parallel to Latmus and extends inland from Milesia towards the east through Caria This mountain lies to Euromus and Chalcetores.^ At above Heracleia, and at a high elevation. ^ a slight distance away from it, after one has crossed a little river near Latmus, there is to be seen the sepulchre of Endymion, in a cave. Then from
Heracleia to Pyrrha, a small town, there is a voyage of about one hundred stadia. 9. But the voyage from Miletus to Heracleia, including the sinuosities of the gulfs, is a little more
1

Iliad 2. 868.

Or rather, perhaps, "and

a See 14. 2. 22. in sight of it" (see critical note).

209

STRABO
ifc rocravrqv e)(i MiXtjrov rpiiiKOVTa' avdyxTj S* /MaKpoTToplav 6 irapa yfju ttXoi)?. 7ri TMV ivBo^eov tottchv vnofieveip to TreptaKcke^

pav

T^9 roiavrr)<; y(oypa<pLa<i, 10. 'E/c 8e Ylvppa^ eVl tt)v ck^oXtjv too Maiciphpov irevTrjKOVTa' rPay(oBr]<; 5' o totto? al X(oBr]<;' dvaTrXevaavri 5' v7rr]peTiK0L<; axd<p<rL

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rwv ^Idhwv
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rSiv BcoBeKa,

vvv hi

oXcyavSplav
Xe-

av/jLTre7r6Xi<TTac.

ravTTjv

yerat ^efiicrroKXel Bouvai Sep^?;?, dpTOV Be MayvTjaiav, olvov Be Ad/jLyjraKov. 11. ^EvOev iu araBioL^ rerrapai Kcofxrj Kapticrj
%VfJL^pia, Trap' y)v''Kopv6v iari, ain^Xaiov lepov, Xapdyviov Xeyojxevov oXeOpiov^ ^01/ d'iro<\iOpd<;. MaidvBp^t irpo<; vTrepKeirai Be ^iayvrjcria 97
yi.ayvrjr(Jdv diroiKLa tq)i> ev

SerraXia Kai KprjrAv,

irepX 779

avTLKa

epovfiev.

Kara

K^oXd<; rov MatdvBpou 6 earlp alyLaX6<i, virep avTov S' 17 Upi^pr) teal MvKdXrj to 6po<;, evOrjpop koI eveTrLKeirai Be rfj ^apla koI iroiel tt/oo? BepBpop.
12.

Mera

Be rd<;

Ilpf^vyjv

avTTjp eireKeiva rrj^

T pfuyiXiov
TTopdjxop,

KaXovpeprj<;

oaop
ripcjp
S' T]P

eTTTaardBiop

Xeyerat

6'

dxpa^ vwo

OtXfiira? o UpiTjprj T) KdBfxrj, eTreiBi) eTTLKrlaaf; uvttjp Botcorto? virrjp^ev' ck Uptijprj^

Bta?,

tU TMP kind

ao^(tiP, irepl ov (prjaiv

ovr(o<;

'Imrcopa^'

Koi

BiKdaaaaOat
Kpeaawv.

Blapjo^

too

llpi7jPQ)<i

210

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

9-12

than one hundred stadia, though that from Miletus to Pyrrha, in a straight course, is only thirty so much longer is the journey along the coast. But in the case of famous places my reader must needs endure the dry part of such geography as this. 10. The voyage from Pyrrha to the outlet of the Maeander River is fifty stadia, a place which consists of shallows and marshes and, going inland in rowboats thirty stadia, one comes to the city Myus, one of the twelve Ionian cities, which, on account of its sparse population, has now been incorporated into Miletus. Xerxes is said to have given this city to Themistocles to supply him with fish. Magnesia to supply him with bread, and Lampsacus with wine. 11. Thence, within four stadia, one comes to a village, the Carian Thymbria, near which is Aornum, a sacred cave, which is called Charonium, since it emits deadly vapours. Above it lies Magnesia on the Maeander, a colony of the Magnesians of Thessaly and the Cretans, of which I shall soon speak.^ 12. After the outlets of the Maeander comes the shore of Priene, above which lies Prien6, and also the mountain Mycale, which is well supplied with wild animals and with trees. This mountain lies above the Samian territory 2 and forms with it, on the far side of the promontory called Trogilian, a strait about seven stadia in width. Priene is by some writers called Cadme, since Philotas, who founded it, was a Boeotian. Bias, one of the Seven Wise Men, was a native of Priene, of whom Hipponax says "stronger in the i)leading of his cases than Bias of

Priene."
1

39-40 following.
'

The

isle of

Samos.

Frag. "B

Bergk).

STRABO
13. T779 Be

TpwycXlov TrpoKeiTat

vrjaLov ofuo-

vvfjLov' ivTCvdev he to eyyvraTO) Blapfid eirl ^ovvLov aTahiwv ')(i\icov e^aKoalwv,

ap')(a<i

eariv Kar*

Be^ia e^ovrL koX ^iKapiav Tou? he MeXavTtof<:^ dKOTreXov^ e^ evcovv/jLcov, to Xoittov he hid fieaeop tcou KvKkdhcov vrjatov. xal avrrj h* rj TpcoylXio^
fiev

'^dfiov ev

Koi

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dicpa

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S'

ti<;

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el<{

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rj

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aTpe^ei.
14. 'Atto

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C 637

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evravOa Keifievujv TrivdKCJV dXXai irivaKodrjKai koL vatcKoi Tive<; elai irXijpei^ twi/ dpxaidiv rex^ftiV to re vTraiOpov 6/xoi(o<f fxearov dvhpidvrcov earl rcov dpiarrayV tov rpla Mvpcovo^
TrXrjdovf; rcov

epya KoXoaaiKU
*

thpu/xeva

enl fiid^

/Sdaco)^,

Kap<rlas

9iovi

F ; Tzschucke emends to Ko^mnaias. MtKayriovs, Tzschucko, from conj. of Vosa^ for McXarso the later editors. ;

212

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

13-14

13. Off the Trogilian promontory lies an isle ot the same name. Thence the nearest passage across

to Sunium is one thousand six hundred stadia; on the voyage one has at first Samos and Icaria and Corsia on the right, and the Melantian rocks on the left; and the remainder of the voyage is through the midst of the Cyclades islands. The Trogilian promontory itself is a kind of spur of Mt. Mycale. Close to Mycale lies another mountain, in the Ephesian territory, I mean Mt. Pactyes, in which the

Mesogis terminates.

The distance from the Trogilian promontory Samos ^ is forty stadia. Samos faces the south, both it and its harbour, which latter has a naval
14.

to

station. The greater part of it is on level ground, being washed by the sea, but a part of it reaches up into the mountain that lies above it. Now on the right, as one sails towards the city, is the Poseidium, a promontory which with Mt. Mycale forms the seven-stadia strait and it has a temple of Poseidon ; and in front of it lies an isle called Narthecis and on the left is the suburb near the Heraeum, and also the Imbrasus River, and the Heraeum, which consists of an ancient temple and a great shrine, which latter is now a repository of tablets. 2 Apart from the number of the tablets placed there, there are other repositories of votive tablets and some small chapels full of ancient works of art. And the temple, which is open to the sky, is likewise full of most excellent statues. Of these, three of colossal size, the work of Myron, stood upon one base Antony
; ; ;

^
-^

i.e.

the

city

Samos.
paintings, or both, the translator does

Whether maps or

not know.

213

STRABO
^pe fiev *AvTwvio<:, aveOrjKC Bk iraXiv 6
'Ee/3aarTo<:

Kalcxap 6t9 T^i/ avrrjv ^daiv to. hvo, tt]P ^AOrjvdif KOI TOP 'HpuKXea, rbv Be Ata 6t9 to KaireTcoXiov fjLri]VyK, KaraaKevdaa^i avTcp vataKov.
earl rrjf; ^afjLLcov vijaov iKoXelro he Ylapdevia TTporepov oIkovvtcov Kapwi', elra 'At'^e/x.oOs",* elra MeXdfMipvWo';,^ CLTa ^d/jLO<;, lt' utto rtvo<; e'm-)(wpiov 7)p(t)0<i, etr' e^ ^l$dKr]<; Ka\ Ke^aXX^i/ux? KaXelrat, fiev ovv koI dicpa Tt9 u'TroiKrjaavro'^.^ "AfxireXof; ^Xeirovcrd ttw? irpo^i ro tT;? 'I/ca/Jia? ^peiravov, dXXa koI to 6po<: cnrav, o nroiel rrjv
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ttXTt 5'

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TOv<i

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evoivovacov
ri,

rwv kvkXw

vtjacov,

real T?}? TjTreLpou

a\eh6v

Tij<i

7rpoa)(^ov<i irdarj^i

dpiarovi eK^epovarf^ OLvov<i, olov Xlov koI Aea-^ov /cat K&).* fcal fi7]v kgI 6 'E(/)eV/09 /cat MijrpoTToXir-q^ dyaOoi, rj re Meawyt? koI 6 T/iwXo? Kol rj KaTaKCKavfiipy] /cal KviBo'^ xal "^/xupva Kal dXXoi dayj/jLoTepoL tottol Bia<p6p(i)<f y^priaTOipovaiv 7) Trpo? a7ro\auo-ti/ 17 irpbt BiaiTa<i larpioLvov<i ov irdvv evTV^el Kd<i. rrepl fieu ovv^ %afxo<i, rd 5' dXTui evBaifiwv, cu? BrjXov K re tov TTCpipdxvTOV yi>aOai Kal ck tov rov'i eir a ivovvr a^
fiTj

oKvelv

<f>apfi6rTiu
<t>pt

avrfj

Ty]v

poi/xlav,
1

OTt

Kal

opviBcav

Xeyovaav iraydXa, KuOdirep

For 'AvBtfiovs, Corais, following Eustathius (note on Dionys. 533), reads 'AyBfuls. Uy some writers the name is
spelled '\v6(nov(Ta. M(\d(x<pu\\o$, Meiiieke, for Mt\dix<pv\os, ' 6,iroiK-l]aayrot , iiroiKliravTOf other MSS.
oToy
.
.

K, Meineke ejects.

314

GEOGRAPHY,
took these

14. i.

14-15

statues away/ but Augustus Caesar restored two of them, those of Athena and Heracles, to the same base, although he transferred the Zeus to the Capitolium, having erected there a small chapel for that statue. 15. The voyage round the island of the Samians

when it was was called Parthenia, then Anthemus, then Melamphyllus, and then Samos, whether after some native hero or after someone who colonised it from Ithaca andCephallenia.^ Now
is six

hundred

stadia.

In earlier times,

inhabited by Carians,

it

in

Samos there

is

Drepanum

in Icaria

a promontory approximately facing which is called Ampelus, but

the entire mountain which makes the whole of the island mountainous is called by the same name. The island does not produce good wine, although good wine is produced by the islands all round, and although most of the whole of the adjacent mainland produces the best of wines, for example, Chios and Lesbos and Cos. And indeed the Ephesian and Metropolitan wines are good; and Mt. Mesogis and Mt. Tmolus and the Catacecaumene country and Cnidos and Smyrna and other less significant
places produce exceptionally good wine, whether for enjoyment or medicinal purposes. Now Samos is not altogether fortunate in regard to wines, but in all other respects it is a blest country, as is clear from the fact that it became an object of contention in war, and also from the fact that those who praise " it it do not hesitate to apply to it the proverb, that
1

See
'

13. 1. 30.

See

10. 2. 17.

oSv, before otyovsy

Meineke

inserts.

215

STUABO
irov
*

Kol

MivavBpof;

(f>r}.^

rovro he koX ra>v

Trj<i

rvpavvC?)Ci}v

atriov avrfj Karearrj, kol

Tvpavvih<i
6

tt/oo?

Adrjvatov^ ^Opa<!. 16. At fiev ovv

TloXuKpaTT)

yjKfiaaav

Kara

ixdXiara
rjv
8'

^vkoGtovra'
Xa/xirpo^i,

koI rov aheK.<^bv avrov p.v kol tv^tj kuI Svvdfiei

a>(TT

kql

OaXaTTOKparfjaaL'

t^?

S'

C 638

VTVX^ci<i

avTOv

arj/uLCLOv

eU
Koi

Tjp'

OuXarrav

riOeaaip, oti 'piy^avro<i eVtTTySe? rov SafCTvXtov \l6ov

avtjveyKe puKpov KaraTrutPTa Ixdvp evpeOi] 6 ZaKrvXto^'

7roXvTXov<;, y\v/x/jLaTO<i vaTcpop T(ji)v dXie'cov Tf? top

avrov'
(Paal

Trvdofierov
^pa-^^el reXo<i 6
Btj

dvarpLiiOevro^ 8' Be rovro rov

Alyvirrttov

^aatXea
a>9

fxaprLKO)<i

ttw?

U7ro<f)0ey^aa-6at,

ev

KaraarpeyjreL rop ^lop el<i ovk vrv)(k^ roaovrop i^iipfievos ral^ evrrpayiai,^' koX Kal (TVfjL^i]vai rovro' Xr](f)0Pra yap i^

rov aarpdirnv roip Wepaoyv Kpe(tup/3lo)(Tp ^AvaKpeuip 6 /LteXoTTOto?* Kal Bt) Kal irdaa 7) iroir]ai<; 7rXj]pr}<i <rrl ri)<i eVt rovrov 8^ irepl avrov fipi'j/j,r)(;. Kal IlvOayopap laropovaip iBopra <f)V0/jLPT]v rrjv rvpapviBa eKXtireip ryp iroXip Kal direXOelp ei?
dirdrrif;

vwo

fiaaOrjraL.

rovrtp

AtyvTrrop
iirapiopra
rrjv

Kal
B'

Ba^vXcova
CKeldep,
(Siov.

(piXofiaOeias

X^P^^
exel
fiev

opcopra
rrepl

en
et?

avp-fiepovaav

rvpavvLda, BiareXeaac rop ravra. 17. XvXoacjv

irXevaavra

^IraXiav

UoXvKpdrovi
viro

S* d7rXL(f>07] fiep iBi(t)rrf<i

rov

dBX(pov, Aapetfp Be rip 'Tardairt'o

^

;^a/7(0'ayL(^of

KaOdiffp

t<pri,

Meineke

ejects.

216

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

15-17

produces even birds' milk," as Menander somewhere Thiis was also the cause of the establishment says.
of the tyrannies there, and of their enmity against the Athenians. 16. Now the tyrannies reached their greatest height in the time of Polycrates and his brother Polycrates was such a brilliant man, both Syloson. in his good fortune and in his natural ability, that he gained supremacy over the sea and it is set down,^ as a sign of his good fortune, that he purposely flung into the sea his ring, a ring of very costly stone and engraving, and that a little later one of the fishermen brought him the very fish that swallowed it; and that when the fish was cut open the ring was found and that on learning this the king of the Egyptians, it is said, declared in a kind of prophetic way that any man who had been exalted so highly in welfare would shortly come to no happy end of life ; and indeed this is what happened, for he was captured by treachery by the satrap of the Persians and hanged. Anacreon the melic poet lived in companionship with Polycrates and indeed the whole of his poetry is full of his praises. It was
;
;

in his time, as we are told, that Pythagoras, seeing that the tyranny was growing in power, left the city

and went

off to Egypt and Babylon, to satisfy his fondness for learning but when he came back and saw that the tyranny still endured, he set sail for Italy and lived there to the end of his life. So much
;

for Polycrates. 17. Syloson

was left a private citizen by his brother, but to gratify Dareius, the son of Hystas1

See Herodotus,

3.

40-43, and 120, 125.

VOL.

VI.

217

STRABO
iffOrjTa, ?79 iireOvfirjaeu eKeivo^; ^npovvra lB(ou, oviro) 8' i^aaiXeve rore, ^a(TL\,evaavro<i avTcXa^e

hwpov TTjp Tvpavviha. iriKpo)^ h' yp^ev, More Kal eXeiTrdvBprjaev r; ttoXl^j' KUKeWeu eKireaelv
avvj3r} Ttjv rrapoi/xLaV
Krjri XvXo(TcovTO<; evpu-^copit].

18.

AOrjvaloi

Be

Trporepov

ixev

TrcfiyfravTef;

UepiKXea kol ai/v avT< ^o^oKXea Tov TTonjrrjv voXiopKLa KaK(o<; BiidrjKav uTreiBovvTa^ T0U9 '^a/xLov<;, varepov Be Kal KXypouXov^ eTrefxyjrav BiaxtXlov^ ef eavTwv, u)v t]v koI
(TTpary]yov
Neo/fX?}?,
6

^EiiriKovpou

rou

(f>iXoa6(f)OU
/cal

ypafip.aToBiBda-KaXo';,
TpacfyrjvaL
(f)acnu

w?

evddBe

(f>aar Kal ev

Bt}

wartjp, Kal
(f)Tj-

Tew, Kal
5'
rjv

^tvaai 'Ad}jvT](TL' yeveaOat 6' avrtp MevapBpov tov kwixlkov ^dfxio^

Kpco<f>vXo^,
"i)fj.r)pov,

avveipijjSov

Kal
iroje

6v

(f)aat

Be^dfievov

^evia

fxaTO'i,

Xa^etu Bcopov rrjv eiTiypa<^i^v tov TroitjKaXovaiv OixaXLa^ aXwaiv. K^aXXiTOvvavTLOv

eKeivov fxev
ep.<^aii>L

fiaxp'i Be
TLvo<^,

Bi

iiriypdp.p.aTO'^

o)?

'TroLi](TavTO<i,

Xeyofxevov
iroTe

B'

'OfjLijpov BlcL rrjv Xeyop.evT]v ^eviav'

TOV

Za/xLOv
*'0/uLr)pov

7r6vo<;

el/jLi,

Bo/xro

delov

^ S* Kupvrov, 6aa eTradev, Be^afievov KXeito Kal ^av6i)v ^loXeiav' '0/M7]peiov Be KaXevfiai ypdfifia' Kpfi^(f)vXfp, Zev (f)iX, tovto p-eya-

C 639

Tti'e?
B'

Be

BiBdaKaXov

'()/x?;pou

tovtov

(f)a<Tiv,

ol

ov rovTOP,
^

aW'

'

AptaTcav top
;

YlpoKOPPija-iop*

KKftet,

Meineke, for kuIu

K\alm Tzschucke.

3l8

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

17-18

pes, he gave him a robe which Dareius desired when he saw him wearing it; and Dareius at that time was not yet king, but when Dareius became

king, Sjloson received as a return-gift the tyranny of Samos. But he ruled so harshly that the city became " depopulated and thence arose the proverb, by the will of Syloson there is plenty of room." 18. The Athenians at first sent Pericles as general and with him Sophocles the poet, who by a siege but put the disobedient Samians in bad plight later they sent two thousand allottees from their own people, among whom was Neocles, the father of Epicurus the philosopher, a schoolmaster as they And indeed it is said that Epicurus grew call him. up here and in Teos, and that he became an ^ ephebus at Athens, and that Menander the comic became an ephebus at the same time. Creopoet j)hylus, also, was a Samian, who, it is said, once entertained Homer and received as a gift from him the inscription of the poem called The Capture of But Callimachus clearly indicates the conOechalia. trary in an epigram of his, meaning that Creophylus composed the poem, but that it was ascribed to Homer because of the story of the hospitality shown him: "I am the toil of the Samian, who once I entertained in his house the divine Homer. bemoan Eurytus, for all that he suffered, and goldenFor I am called Homer's writing. haired loleia. Creophylus, dear Zeus, this is a great achievement." Some call Creophylus Homer's teacher, while others say that it was not Creophylus, but Aristeas the
; ;

Proconnesian,
^

who was

his teacher.

i.e.

at eighteen years of

age underwent a "scrutiny" and

citizen.

was registered as an Athenian

219

STRABO
19.
a<f)^

UapaKeiTat Se

rfj

Sa/i-w

vrftro^

^Ifcapia,

779

iariv
ToG

TO 'iKapiov ireXayo's. avTij S* inoavvfio^ ^iKcipov, iraiho^i rov AaiBdXov, ov <^a<n,

KOLV(ov/](TavTa tt}? (t>vyj]<i, rjvLfca irrepwOevre^i a-rrrjpav k Kpr)TTj<;, ireaelv

TTUTpl

ajj,(f)6Tpoi

ivddBe, fjLTj /cpar/jaavra rou Bpo/xov fierecoptaOePTL yap tt/qo? top yjXlov iirl TrXeov irepippviji/ai ra Trrepd, TaKevro<; rov K-qpov. TpiaKoaifov K iari rr)v irepifierpov (nahioyv rj vriao<s diraaa

KaX dXifievo^, irXrjv v(j)6pfM(i)v, ow 6 KoXXiaro^ la'ToX XeyovTai' dxpa 8' iariv dvareivovaa 7r/309 eari 5e koI 'A/jre'yLttSo? lepov, koXov^(f>vpov. fievov TavpoTToXiov, ev tt} vi](tm kqI iroXiaixdriov Olvorj, Kai dXXo ApdKavov, 6fxd)vvp,ov rfj aKpa,
<^'
rfj^i
77

iBpvTai, TTpoaopfxov )(ou' t) hk dfcpa Bie\i ^ajMLcov d/cpa<i, t?;? KavOapiov KaXov/iivrj^,

earlv iXa')(^LaTOV araBiov^, oirep 6yhoi]KOVTa vvvl fiivrot XenrapBpoixTav Blapp-a TO /xera^u. zd/jLioL vi/xoPTUL TO, TToXXd ^oaKrifxaTfov "^dpiv. 20. Mcrd Be top 'Ed/xiop iropdixov top tt/^o? MuKdXt) irXeovaiP et? "Ecfiecrop ip Be^ta iffriv
''\l,<^ai(OP TrapaXla- fiepn<; Be tl )(ov(Tlp aurrj^ Koi ol Edpioi. irpoyrop 3' iarXp ip rfj TrapaXla TO Ilapiooplop, Tpta-l (TTaBioL<i vTrepKeifxcpop t^<?
T}

OaXdTTTj<i, oirov rd Tlapicopia, koiptj 7raptjyvpL<{ ' TOiP ^l(opa)P, (TUPTeXeiTai t^ ILXikcopI^ HoaeiBaypi

Ovaia' UptovraL Be YlpLrjpeh- etprjTai Be irepl aina>p ev roU HeXorropprjaiaKoU. elra NeaBe 7ro\f9, fj TTporepop fikp rfp 'E(f>a-L(op, vvp
fcal

i.e.

the

wax which

juined the wings to

hU

body.

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

19-20

19. Alongside Samos lies the island Icaria, whence was derived the name of the Icarian Sea. This

island

is named after Icarus the son of Daedalus, who, it is said, having joined his father in flight, both being furnished with wings, flew away from Crete and fell here, having lost control of their course for, they add, on rising too close to the sun, The his wings slipped off, since the wax ^ melted. whole island is three hundred stadia in perimeter; it has no harbours, but only places of anchorage, the best of which is called Histi.^ It has a promontory which extends towards the west. There is also on the island a temple of Artemis, called Tauropolium and a small town Oenoe and another small town Dracanum, bearing the same name as the promontory on which it is situated and having near by
;

a place of anchorage. The promontory is eighty stadia distant from the promontory of the Samians called Cantharius, which is the shortest distance between the two. At the present time, however, it has but few inhabitants left, and is used by Samians mostly for the grazing of cattle. 20. After the Samian strait, near Mt. Mycale, as one sails to Kphesus, one comes, on the right, to the seaboard of the Ephesians and a part of this seaboard is held by the Samians. First on the seaboard is the Panionium, lying three stadia above the sea where the Pan-Ionia, a common festival of the
;

lonians, are held, and where sacrifices are performed in honour of the Heliconian Poseidon ; and Prienians

serve as priests at this sacrifice, but I have spoken of them in my ac( ount of the Peloponnesus.^ Then comes Neapolis, which in earlier times belonged to
i.e.

Masts.

8. 7. 2.

221

STRABO
2,afU(ov,

TO iyyvTepo)

SiaWa^afievcov irpo^ to M^apaO/jaiov, Trpo? to a-TrwrepW elra UvyeXa TToXixvLov, lepov )(ov 'A/)Te/zt5o9 Movvvx^a^y

iSpvfjLa ^Ayap,/xvovo<i, oiKovjjLevov vtto fxipov^ rcov ixelvov \aoiv' TTvya\yea<i ^ yap rivd^ <f)a(TL * koI yeveaOai kol fcXrjOijvai, KUfjivovTa^ 5' vtto rov TTciOovi KaTa/xLvai, Kal tux^li^ oIkclov rovhe rov 6v6/xaTO<i rov roirov. elra Xifxrjv YldvopfWi

irapaXla puKpov virep rijfi OaXdm}^ iarl Kal /; 'Oprvyia, hiadXao'^ iravroBairrj^ vXr]<;, Kvirapirrov TrpeTTc? he 6 rrj<i TrXeiary]';. Key xpto^ Siappel Be ov <l>aa\ vL\fraa-6ai rrjv Aijro) fiercL 7rora/jL6<i, Ta? wBlvafi, evravOa yap fivOevovai rijv Xox^iav Kal rrjv rpocfyop rr}p ^Oprvyiav Kal to dBvTOP, iv Tj (p Xox^ia, Kal rrfv irXTjcrlov eXaiav, eiravaTravaaadai <f)aai rrju deov 17 irpSyrov C 640 aTToXvOelaav rcor otBlpcoi'. virepKeirai Be rov
rf)

Ka\0V/jLV0^, e^f^V l6' i) TToXf?. iif

UpoV
Be

T/y?

'E(f)(TLa<i

*ApT/>ttSo9'

avrfj

dXcrov<i

6po<i

'^oXp.iaao'i,
yfr6(f)0}

ottov <jrdi>ra<; (f>aal

rov^ K.ovprjra'i rw
r7]v

roiv ottXcdv K7rXi)^ai

"Upav ^yXorvTToy^i ii^eBpevouaav, Kal XaOeip avfiirpd^avra^ ri]v XoxcLap rfj Aijrot. ovriop 5' cV T^ TOTT^ 7TXei6i'(op pao)P, row fxep dpxala)P, ruyp 5' varepop yepofiepoiP, ep p,ep roh apxaioi^t dpxcud earl ^oava, ep Be Tot? varepop ^Koira ^ tf epya' fiep Arjro) (TKtjTrrpop exovaa, t) S* ^Oprvyla trapeaTrjKep eKarepa rfj X^^P'' '^o.iBiov
^

TuyaKyias, Corais,
;

MSS.
* '

for irvyaKyiat Meineke.

wvyaWias Coxz,

irvyaKias

other

<paai,

Jones

inserts.
2x<iira (pya,

Instead of

MSS. 322

ffKoKih fpya,

F has <r>coA<ck <r/cJir* fpya other except v which has SK<^ira in the margin.
;

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

20

the Ephesians, but now belongs to the Samians, who gave in exchange for it Marathesium, the more distant for the nearer place. Then comes Pygela, a small town, with a temple of Artemis Munychia, founded by Agamemnon and inhabited by a part of his troops for it is said that some of his soldiers became afflicted with a disease of the buttocks ^ and
;

were called "diseased-buttocks," and that, being with this disease, they stayed there, and that the place thus received this appropriate name. Then comes the harbour called Panormus, with a temple of the Ephesian Artemis and then the city Ephesus. On the same coast, slightly above the sea, is also Ortygia, which is a magnificent grove of all kinds of trees, of the cypress most of all. It is traversed by the Cenchrius River, where l.eto is said to have bathed herself after her travail. ^ For here is the mythical scene of the birth, and of the nurse Ortygia, and of the holy place where the birth took place, and of the olive tree near by, where the goddess is said first to have taken a i^est after she was relieved from her travail. Above the grove lies Mt.
afflicted
;

Solmissus, where, it is said, the Curetes stationed themselves, and with the din of their arms frightened Hera out of her wits when she was jealously spying on Leto, and when they helped Leto to conceal from Hera the birth of her children. There are several temples in the place, some ancient and others built in later times and in the ancient temples are many ancient wooden images, but in those of later times there are works of Scopas for example, Leto holding a sceptre and Ortygia standing beside her with a
; ;

^ 2

In Greek, with "pygalgia." Referring, of course, to the birth of Apollo and Artemis.

223

STRABO
exovaa.
To<i,

Travrjyvpi^; 8'

evravOa (ruvTeXeiTai tear

(piXoxaXovaL, fioKtara Xa/xTrpwofievor rore

eOei Be tlvl ol
Ta<;

veoi,

irepl

ivravOa

euct);^ia?

he KoX rSyv Kovpi^Toov ap')(^elov avvdyei (xvfnroatay Kai TLva^ /jLV(TTLKa<{ dv(Tla<i eTriTeXel. 21. Tr)v Be ttoXlv wkovv fiev Kape^; re xal

AeXeye?, K/3aXo)v
Tov<i

S'

*'AvBpoKXo<: rov<: TrXelairepl

wKLdev

ifc

tmv avveXdovrcov avTa>

T7)i/

to

'AOyvaiov Kol

TrpocrireptXa^wv fcal Tr)? TTepl top KopTjcraou Trapwpeia^. fJ^XP'' /lev Bt) TOiv Kara ]\.polaov oi/tco? wkcIto, varepov 5' airo tt}? TTapwpeiov* KaTa^dvTe<i, nepl ro vvv lepov (pKTjaav p-^XP'' ^Xe^dvBpov. Avaip^axo^ Be TTjv vvv 'noXiv Teix^(Ta<;, dr/Bco^i tmv dvOpajircov
peOiara/jLevayv,

^TTreXaiov,

avv^pytjae xal avTO'i

<f)pa^ev,

ware

KarappdKTtjv 6p.^pov tov<: pivovxov^ iveKaraxXvaai rtjv iroXiv ol Be

tt) pt'jaa^

fcal

perearrjaav dap,voi. exdXecre 6' 'Apaivorjv diro T^? yvvaiKO'i rrjv ttoXlv^ enrefcpdrrjae p^evroi t6 rjv Bk yepovaia Karaypa<f>op,vrjt dpxcLiov ovopa. rovTOi<; Be avv^eaav ol eiriKXrjroL KuXovfievoi Ka\
BioDKovr Trdvra.
22.

Top

Be veoov

rfjt;

Xp(Ti(f>po)v rjp^ireKTovtjaev,
pLL^(o'

^AprepiBoff tt/dwto?* p.ev elr dXXo<i ^ eTToirjae

TOVTOV 'Hpoo"T/)aT09 Tt? ve7rpi](Tev, KareaKevaaav avveveyKavres tov Tcov yvvaiKCJv Koapiov Ka\ Td<; iSt'a? ovaia^, BiaOepevoi Be xal tov^: irpoTepov^ KLova<i' rovrcop Be fiapTvpid eari r^ yepijdevra rore yjrT)(f)i<T/MaTa,
CO? Be

dXXov

dp.ivro

wftirov F.
'

iWos, Xylander,

for

iWop.

Men

specially

summoned,

privy-councillors.

224

GEOGRAPHY,
;

14.

i.

20-22

A general festival is held there child in each arm. annually and by a certain custom the youths vie for honour, particularly in the splendour of their banquets there. At that time, also, a special college of the Curetes holds symposiums and performs certain mystic sacrifices. 21. The city of Ephesus w^as inhabited both by Carians and by Leleges, but Androclus drove them out and settled tlie most of those who had come with him round the Athenaeum and the Hypelaeus, though he also included a part of the country situNow Ephesus ated on the slopes of Mt. Coressus. was thus inhabited until the time of Croesus, but later the people came down from the mountainside and abode round the present temple until the time of Alexander. Lysimachus built a wall round the present city, but the people were not agreeably disposed to change their abodes to it and therefore he waited for a downpour of rain and himself took advantage of it and blocked the sewers so as to inundate the city and the inhabitants were then He named the city after glad to make the change. the old name, however, prevailed. his wife Arsinoe There was a senate, which was conscripted and with these were associated the Epicleti/ as they were called, who administered all the affairs of the city. 22. As for the temple of Artemis, its first architect was Chersiphron and then another man made it But when it was set on fire by a certain larger. Herostratus, the citizens erected another and better one, having collected the ornaments of the women
;

and their own individual belongings, and having sold also the pillars of the former temple. Testimony is borne to these facts by the decrees that were made
225

H2

STRABO
airep

aypoovvTa

(fyrja-ip

TavpofievLTtjv Tl/jLaiov, ovra Kal avfco(f)dvri]u

KXrj0Tjvat,),

xal
(5to

^Apre/jilScopo^ tov d\\(o<; ^daKavov

Kal

*EirriTLp,aiov^

Xeyeiv, &)? eV twi/

UepaiKwv trapa-

KaraOrjKcov eTroujaavTo rov lepov rijv iTnaKevi'^v 0VT6 Be virdp^at -rrapaKaraOiJKa'i totc, et re ^ rw vaw' perd Be vTTrjp^av, aviefiTTeTTprjaOaL av
rr]v

epirp-qaiv

Trj(;

6po4>rj<i

'q4>ai>LapV7)<i,

ev

VTralOpo)

TM

arjKcp ripa

dv
'

idt-XfjcraL

Trapufcara-

drjKT^v Kcipepyjv ex^iv ; AXe^avBpov Brj roU C 641 E0o-tof9 vTToaj^^eadav rd yeyovora Kal rd peX' Xopra avaXcopara, (f> co re Ttjv 7riypa<f)r)u

avrbv exetv, toi)? Be pt) eOeXrja-ai, ttoXv fidXXov ovK dp eOeXjja-apra^ e^ ipoavXLa<; kol aTrocrreeiraipel re top elTrovTa rtap TOP ^aaiXea, o)? ov Trpeiroi defo deol<i dpaOripara KaracrKevd^eiP. 23. Mera Be t7]p rov peo) avpreXeiap, op <l>J]a-ip eipai \eipoKpdrov<i^ epyop (rov 8* avrov Kal rrjp AXe^apBpeia^; Kriaip' rop B" avrop viroax^oOai ^ ^AXe^dpBpM rop A6(o BiaaKevuaeip eU avrop, coaapel k irpoXov ripof et? <f)uiX7jp Kara^^opra (TTTOpBtjp, TTOLTjaopra 7r6XeL<t Bvo, rf)P pep ck Be^icop rov opov^, rr)P 5' iv dpiarepa, utto Be
ptj(Tci}<;

<f)iXoBo^eiv'
TT/Do?

*E(l)ai(op

T^9
*

erepa^ ei^
'Zittrlfiaiov,
6.V,

rrjv

erepap

peopra

irorapov).

'

Jonea

; iirniniov other inserts.

MSS.
is

Instead of XttpoKpirovi, w has imvoKpAmvi, which apparently correct; and so read Corais and Meincke.

Calumniator.

236

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

22-23

at that time. Artemidorus says Timaeus of Tauromenium, being ignorant of these decrees and being anyway an envious and slanderous fellow (for which
:

reason he was also called Epitimaeus),^ says that they exacted means for the restoration of the temple from the treasures deposited in their care by the Persians but there were no treasures on deposit in their care at that time, and, even if there had been, they would have been burned along with the temple ; and after the fire, when the roof was destroyed, who could have wished to keep deposits of treasure lying in a sacred enclosure that was open to the sky? Now Alexander, Artemidorus adds, promised the Ephesians to pay all expenses, both past and future, on condition that he should have the credit therefor on the inscription, but they were unwilling, just as
;

they would have been far more unwilling to acquire glory by sacrilege and a spoliation of the temple.^ And Artemidorus praises the Ephesian who said to the king 3 that it was inappropriate for a god to
dedicate offerings to gods. 23. After the completion of the temple, which, he says, was the work of Cheirocrates* (the same man who built Alexandreia and the same man who proposed to Alexander to fashion Mt. Athos into his likeness, representing him as pouring a libation from a kind of ewer into a broad bowl, and to make two cities, one on the right of the mountain and the other on the left, and a river flowing from one to
* Referring, of course, to the charge that they took the Persian treasures. ' Alexander. * Apparently an error for "Deinocrates," a Macedonian architect (of. Vitruvius 1. 1. 4).

227

STRABO
fiera
S*

irXriOo'i

olv rov verov to tcop aXXxov ava6r)fidr<ov evpcaSai rfj ixTLfiijaei roiv Brj^itovpyoiP,

TOP Be hf) ^Q)/j.bv ehat tojp Upa^iTeXov^ epycDP airavTa a^^hop tl TrXtjpr). ^fiip S* iBeUpvTO xal TUiP &pd(T(op6<; Tipa, ovirep Koi to *KKaTt)(Ti6p ^ (TTL Kal rj KTjplprj Ylrji'eXoTTrj Kal ^ 7rpaffvTt<;
T)

FiVpuKXeia.

lpa<;

B*

VPOv)(ov<;

l)(OP,

0D9
koX

eKoXovp Meya^ul^ovi, xal aXXaxoOcp

rj<yop

/xertoi/Te?

del Tipa<s ip
ixorjp
T(t)v

d^iov^
rififj

tt}?

TOtauT//?
he to,

irpitaTacria^it

fieyuXj)'

avpiepdaOai Se TOVTOt<i
fiep (f)vXdTTTai

irapdevov^.
TO,

pupX
8'

Be fiepei to Kal Trporepop' t/)? B* d(jv\ia<i toi9 opov<; dXXaytjvat avpe^rj TToX'\dKi<i, ^AXe^dpBpov 7rl aTdBiop eKielvauTOf!, MiOptBuTov Bk fiP To^ev/ia d<f)epro<; afro t^<? yopia^ tou Kepdfiov Kal Bo^apTOf vTrep^aXeaPaL pmcpa to aTuBiop, *Apto)pIov Be BLirXaaidaapTO^ toOto* Aral avfipo/xlfifop, lepop Kol I'VP

fjTTOPt

davXop

7rptXa^6pTO<; ttj uavXia fiepoff ti t/)? 7ro\e'9* evl toU Kaxovp<f)up>/ Be TovTo ^Xa^epop Kal 70t<f TTOiovp TTjp iroXip, (o(TT rjKvpvoaep 6 ^Cfdaaro^

Kalcrap.
24.

"Ex^*

^'

"^oXt-ii

Kal pccopia Kal Xifiepa*

01

fipa\v<TTop,op

B'

eTTolrjcap

dp^iTeKTOPe^i,

aw-

outo? 5' e^a-naTrfOePTe^i tw KeXevaaPTi ^aciXel. " oli/deU yap ovto^ Tfp ATTaXo^; 6 4>tXa5X.^09*
*

Kvclyri F (and Miiieke) ; Kp4iv other MSS. SirK <riianyro\ rovro CF, irATjcriciffJi^Toj rovrtf other

MSS.

^ Artemidnrus means, of course, that the local artists were actuated by pieiy and paiiiotism.

228

GEOGRAPHY,
the
otiier)

14.

i.

23-24

Eurycleia. They had eunuchs as priests, whom And they were always they called Megabyzi. in quest of j)ersons from other places who were worthy of this preferment, and they held them in And it was obligatory for maidens great honour. to serve as colleagues with them in their priestly But though at the present some of their office. usages are being preserved, yet others are not but the temple remains a place of refuge, the same as in earlier times, although the limits of the refuge have often been changed ; for example, when Alexander extended them for a stadium, and when Mithridates shot an arrow from the corner of the roof and thought it went a little farther than a stadium, and when Antony doubled this distance and included within the refuge a part of the city. But this extension of the refuge proved harmful, and put the and it was therefore city in the power of criminals
; ;

the coTnrletion of the temple, he great number ot dedications in general were secured by means of the high honour they paid their artists,^ but the whole of the altar was filled, one might say, with the works of Praxiteles. TIk y showed me also some of the works of Thrason, who made the chapel of Hecate, the waxen image of Penelope, and the old woman
says, the

after

nullified

by Augustus Caesar. 24. The city has both an arsenal and a harbour. The mouth of the harbour was made narrower by the engineers,^ but they, along with the king who ordered it, were deceived as to the result, I mean Attalus Philadelphus; for he thought that the

Literally, "architects."

229

STRABO
^aOvv rov eicnrXovv
fcav

oXKaat, /j,eyd\ai<; eaeaOai avTov rov Xifieva, revayaySr) ovtu Trporepov oia ra<; ck rov K.avaTpou irpoa^fiiCTei,^,^ iav

7rapa^\T]0f} %w/za tw aro/jLart, TrXarel reXeox; ovTi, K\V(T jeieaOai ro ^aj/xa. avviffr) Se

Tovvavriov ivro<; yap i) x^^^ elpyofjiei'r] revayi^eiv fiaXXov iTTOLTjae rov Xifieva avfiiravra fie^pt' rov
(Tr6/jiaro<^'

Kai,

T]

KoX
r(t)v

irporepov S' iKavw<i al ttXt) ixp.v plhe^ TraXippoia rov ireXdyovi d(f)^pL rrjv yovv dvecfira irpo^ ro Kr6<:. 6 fiev ovv Xifirjv
rj

roiovro<i'

Be iroXif; rfj rrpo^

ra d\Xa evKaipla
rjfjLepav,
ifjL-

roTTwv

av^erai KaO^ kKaarrjv

rrjv

TTopiov 25.
fiv
vo<s

ovaa fxeytarov rwv Kara

^Aalav

rrjv

C 642 ^vro^ rov Tavpov.

"AvBp<f 5' d^ioXoyoL yeyovaaiv ev avrfj rS}v rraXaiMv Hpa^XetTo? re 6 (TKoreivo<; KaXovfieKOI 'KpfxoBwpo's, irepX ov 6 avro^ ovro^ (f>r](nv

"A^iov 'E^ecr/of?
\lpfx6B(opov
<j)dvr<i,

dvBpa
'

tj^rjBov drrrdy^aaOai., o'lrive^ koivrCiv ovrjLarov i^i^aXov,

'Hperov fjDjBeU ovrjiara ecrrw, el Be ixrf, aXXrj re Kai p.er dXXwv' Bokci 5' ovro<; 6 dvrfp Po) /xatot? avyypdy^ai. Kai 'Ittv6fiov<^ rivd^ ecrrlv 6 TTcova^ 8' ttoit/t;;? e^ 'E<^eo-oi> Kai Ilappd<no<; 6 ^(oypd<po<; Kai 'ATreW?}?, ra)v Be

vewrepwv A.Xe^avBpo<s ptjrwp 6 Av^vof: rrpoaayopevOcLf, ov Kai iiroXirevcraro Kai avveypay^ev laropiav Kai errtj KareXiirev, ev ol? rd re ovpdvia BiartOerai Kai rd<i rjireipov^ yecaypa^el,
KaO' eKaaTTjv kBov<; vouip.a.'^ 26. Mera Bk rijv k^oXt)v
'

rov

Kavarpov

irpo<Tx<^<r(is

Emo,

TpoxiiicTtts

other

MSS. and Meincke.

230

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

24-26

entrance would be deep enough for large merchant as also the harbour itself, which formerly vessels had shallow places because o\ the silt deposited by the Cayster River if a mole were thrown up at the mouth, which was very wide, and therefore ordered But the result was that the mole should be built. the opposite, for the silt, thus hemmed in, made the whole of the harbour, as far as the mouth, more Before this time the ebb and flow of the shallow. tides would carry away the silt and draw it to the sea outside. Such, then, is the harbour and the city, because of its advantageous situation in other respects, grows daily, and is the largest emporium in Asia this side the Taurus. 25. Notable men have been born in this city: in ancient times, Heracleitus the Obscure, as he is called and Hermodorus, concerning whom Heracleitus himself says " It were right for the Ephesians from youth upwards to be hanged, who banished * Let no man of us their most useful man, saying be most useful otherwise, let him be elsewhere and with other people.'" Hermodorus is reputed to have written certain laws for the Romans. And Hipponax the poet was from Kphesus and so were Parrhasius the painter and Apelles, and more recently Alexander the orator, surnamed Lychnus,^ who was a statesman, and wrote history, and left behind him poems in which he describes the position of the heavenly bodies and gives a geographic description of the continents, each forming the subject of a poem. 26. After the outlet of the Cayster River comes

i.e.

Lamp.
other

iroiv/xa

F,

iroi-ftfxaTa

MSS.
231

STRABO
earXv ck rod ireXdyov^ dvax^Ofievrf, KoXelTai he ^eXivovaia, koX <I>^t]^ dWi] avppov<; avTTJ, /j,yd\a<i e^ova-ai irpoaohov^' S? oi ^aaiKei^ fiev, ipd<; ovaa^, d<f>l\ovro ttjv deov,
Xlfivrj

'Pcofialoi

S'

dirihocrav'

irdXiv 5* ol BrjfjLoaiwvaL
ct?

j3iaadfivoi

Trepiearijaav

avrov<;

rd

TeXij,

irpea^evaa^ he o 'Apre/xtSwpo?, c59 4>y](Ti, Td<; re XlfjLva^ direXa^e rfj 6e(p, kol ttjv 'HpuKXewTiv dvrl d(j>i(rTa/jievr}v i^evUrja-e, KpideU ev 'Foo/xtj'
Be
ev

rovTcov
rep
iepfp.

ecKOva
rT}<;

y^pvcrriv

dvear-qaev
ev rip ^
6*

r)

TroXt?

Be

Xifivrj^
(f)acrl

KoiXordrtp

^aariXe(o<;
IBpv/jca.

iarlv iepov

Ay a p,fipovo<;

TToXi^

6po<i kol rj KoXoejxov, Kal ro irpo avrr)^ dXao<i rov KXaplov ^AttoXXcovo^, ev w Koi fxavrelov yjv irore naXaiov. Xeyerai Be KdXxa<; 6 pLdvrt<; fier ^ ^A/ii<piX6xov rov A /j,<l>iapdov Kard rrjv e/c Tpola^i

27.

Elra ro VaXXijatov
^IcDViK'q,

eirdvoBov

tavrov
Moyjrw

ire^fj Bevpo d(f)iKea6ai, Kard fidvrei. KpeirrovL

irepLrv^j^v
rt]v

5'

KXdpov,

rq>

Mai^ToO?
dirodavelv.

tt)^

Bid XvTrrjv

'WarioBo^i

Teipealov dvyarp6<i, fiev ovv ovrto

ri

TTO)? BiaaKevd^ei rov fivOov' irporelvai yap roiovro rw Moyjrcp rov KaXxa-vra'

Oavfid

fi

ey^t
^

Kard

Ov/jlov,

oaov^

epiveio^
;

'6XvvOou<i

ovro<; exi, putcpo^; irep eoyv

ciiroi^

av dpiOpov

rov

S'

diroKpivaaOai'

p^vpuoi elaiv dpiOfiov,

>

drdp p.erpov ye
and

p,Bip,vo<i'

iaovs ipivtihs hK'ydovs, Tzschucke ipiyths iiTovi hKvvBovs.

later editorH, for

332

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

26-27

a lake that runs inland from the sea, called Selinusia ; and next comes another lake that is confluent with it, both affording great revenues. Of these revenues, though sacred, the kings deprived the goddess, but the Romans gave them back ; and again the tax-gatherers forcibly converted the tolls but when Artemidorus was sent to their own use on an embassy, as he says, he got the lakes back for the goddess, and he also won the decision over Heracleotis, which was in revolt,^ his case being decided at Rome ; and in return for this the city In erected in the temple a golden image of him. the innermost recess of the lake there is a temple of a king, which is said to have been built by
;

Agamemnon.
and
27. Tlien one comes to the mountain Gallesius, to Colophon, an Ionian city, and to the sacred

precinct of Apollo Clarius, where there was once an The story is told that Calchas the ancient oracle. prophet, with Amphilochus the son of Amphiaraus, went there on foot on his return from Troy, and that having met near Clarus a prophet superior to himself, Mopsus, the son of Manto, the daughter of Now Hesiod^ revises Teiresias, he died of grief. the myth as follows, making Calchas propound to " I am amazed in my heart at Mopsus this question all these figs on this wild fig tree, small though it And he makes is; can you tell me the number?" " Mopsus reply They are ten thousand in number, and their measure is a medimnus ; ^ but there is one
; :

^ 2

i.e.

from Ephesus.

Frag. 160 (Rzach). About a bushel and a half.

233

STRABO
eU
(i)<i

Se TrepLcr (revet, rov eirevOeuev^ ov Ke hvvaio. Kai (T^iv api6fi6<i eTrjTVfio^ eiBero (fxjTO'
fierpov.
hr)

KoX Tore

KdX'X^avO^ v7rvo<; Oavdroio KoXvyfre.

(f)r)(Ttv

C Gi3

^peKvBr}<;

Be

KaX;^ai'Ta, 7r6aov<; -)(eL on T/96i9, MP eva OrfKvV ol Oavelv vTTo \v7rt]<;. irpo^aXelv ttju vv (paal,

vv Trpo^aXelv eyxvov rov y^oipov^, rov 6* elirelv,

a\r)Sev(Tavro<s 6', dtroBe tov fxev }^d\xavTa

TOV
Be

fxev

eiTrelv
Xv7rr}<i

raX-^/^e?,
tcai

tov Be tov epiveov, xai tov Be fi7], airoOavelv

Kara tl Xoyiov. Xeyet B* ev 'KXevri^; uTraiTijcrei, ft)? ei/xapeavTov diroOaveiv, otuv KpeiTTOvi fxevov etrf Be Kai el<; KiXiKuav ovto<s fu'ivTev Trept-Tv-yt]'
VTTO

avro

'%0(j)OKXri<i

fxcTa^epei Tr)v
yavT<)<{.
TO.

epiv Kai tov OdvaTov tov KdXpev -naXaia ToiavTa. 28. 'E/cTJ/aai'To Be Trore kol vavTiKrjv d^ioXoyov Bvvafxiv KoXo(j)(i)vioi Kai ittttiki^v, ev rj

ToaovTov BUi^epov tmv dXXror, u>a6\ oirov

1/

Trore

Tot? Bv(TKaTaXvToi<; 7roXp.oi<i to Ittttikov Ta>v

KoXo(f)(ovL(ov 7ri'<ovp?]cri, XveaOai tov iroXep-ov d(f ov Kai Ti]v Trapoi/xLav K^.oOfjvat. tt)v Xeyovaav, tov KoXo<f)Mva eir^dtjKev, oTav TeXo'i eTTiTeOf} ^ejSaiov tw irpnyixaTi. dvBpG\ 5' eye vovTO KoXo(^(ovioi TOiv /iivr]fj,nvevofxva)V Mi/xvep/i09, avXT)TT)<i dpa Kai 7roir)Ttj<; eXeyeia^, Kai
s.vo(t>dvTj<^

<f)V(TtK6<;,

TOL'9

(tlXXov<; TTonjaat

Bt^ voir] /xaTMV'

Xeyei

Be

llivBapo^

Kai

FIoXu-

fxvacTov TLva TOiv

'

irepl tjjv fxovaiKrjv eXXoyi/jioyv'

for itrfKOffity

ftrfvOf fxty,

Spohn,

so the later editors.

234

GEOGRAPHY,
over,

14-

i-

27-28

which you cannot put in the measure." ^ "Thus he spake/' Hesiod adds, "and the number the measure could hold proved true. And then the eyes of Calchas were closed by the sleep of death," But Pherecydes says that the question propounded by Calchas was in regard to a pregnant sow, how " many pigs she carried, and that Mopsus said, three, one of which is a female," and that when Mopsus proved to have spoken the truth, Calchas died of
grief.

Some say that Calchas propounded the question

in regard to the sow, but that Mopsus propounded the question in regard to the wild fig tree, and that

the latter spoke the truth but that the former did not, and died of grief, and in accordance with a certain oracle. Sophocles tells the oracle in his Reclaiming of Helen, that Calchas was destined to die when he met a prophet superior to himself, but he transfers the scene of the rivalry and of the death of Calchas Such are the ancient stories. to Cilicia. 28. The Colophonians once possessed notable naval

and cavalry

forces, in which latter they were so far superior to the others that wherever in wars that were hard to bring to an end, the cavalry of the Colophonians served as ally, the war came to an end whence arose the proverb, " he put Colophon to it," which is quoted when a sure end is put to any affair. Native Colophonians, among those of
;

have record, were Mimnermus, who was both a flute-player and elegiac poet; Xenophanes, the natural philosopher, who composed the " Silli " ^ in verse and Pindar ^ speaks also of a certain
:

whom we

^
-

the measure would hold only 999 of these figs. Satires, or lampoons, attacking Homer and Hesiod. Frag. 188 (Bergk).
i.e.

235

STRABO
<^0e'yfia fiev

TrdyKoivov

yv(i)Ka<;

UoXv/ivdaTov

K.oXo(t)0)plov avBp6<;'

Kal ^'OfiTjpov Be Tiv<i ivrevOev elvai (fiaaiv. evOvirXola /jlcv ovv e^BofiJjKovra <nd^Loi eiaip ^ 'E^ecrou, eyKoXTTL^ovTi Be CKarov xai eiKoci. 29 Mera Be KoXo(j)a}i'a 6po<; KopuKiop Kal
vrjalov

lepov
Ta<;

riKTeiP
y8eSo9,

iXd(f)ov<;

*ApTe//tSo9, et<? h Biavr]yo/j.va<; TreTncrrevKaa-ip, elTa Ae-

Biexovaa KoXo0a>ro9 eKurop Kal eiKoat' evravda tmp irepl top Aiopvaov reyvLTSiv rj
'

Kal KaroLKia Ta>p ep ^XcdPia p-expi' EXXrjaTTOPTOv, ep y 7rapi]yvpi<i re Kal dyeope^t ep 'Vetp Kar ero^ avpreXovpraL tm ^lopvo-w. Be (VKOVP irpoiepop rfj e^e^^? TroXei twp ^laopayp'

avpoBo^

efiireaovar}^ Be <Trd<TQ)<;, et? "E^eaoi/ KaTe<f)vyop.

^Att dXov
fjLera^v

8* et?

MvoppTjaop avrovs KaTa<n7]<xapro<i

val Ae^eBov, Trpea^evopTai Vijioi Beofiepoi ^VwpiaiwPy fir) irepuBetp eTnTei'X}^^f^^vr]p Mvopprjaop, ol Be /nerea-rrjaap et? Trjv a(f)Lai Ae^eBop, Be^afxepwp TOiP Ae^eBicop d(Tp.ep(M)<t Bth Kal Tcox? rr)p KaTexovaap auTOv<; oXiyapBpiap.
Tea)
5f

Ae^eBov

Biex^L
oi
5'

eKarop
e^'
Be

iko(ti,

fiera^i;

PTjao^ 'A<r7rt9,

'ApKOPprjaop KaXovai'
vyjrov<i

B^ Kal

Mv6pvr}ao<: KaroiKelrai.
T)

Be

X'^ppop'qai^opro^

C 644

30.

Kal ^ Tew?
exovaa'

eirl

Xifxepa

epOepB'

earlp

x^PPo^V^tp iBpurai, ^ApaKperop 6

fiXorroi6<:, <p^ ov Tijioi, rijp iroXip eKXirropre^, 19 "A^Brjpa dirr/tKyjaap, SpaKtap iroXtp, ov

<ppoPTe^

ri)P

Tcop

IlepiTWP

v0pLP,

a<^'

ov

Kal

tout"" eiprjrai'

236

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i,

28-30
:

" Thou Polymnastus as one of the famous musicians knowest the voice, common to all, of Polymnastus the Colophonian." And some say that Homer was from there. On a straiglit voyage it is seventy stadia from Ephesus, but if one includes the sinuosities of the gulfs it is one hundred and twenty. 29. After Colophon one comes to the mountain Coracius and to an isle sacred to Artemis, whither deer, it has been believed, swim across and give birth to their young. Then comes Lebedus, which is one hundred and twenty stadia distant from Colophon. This is the meeting- piace and settlement of
the Dionysiac artists in Ionia as far as the Hellesand this is the place where both games and a general festal assembly are held every year in honour of Dionysus. They formerly lived in Teos, the city of the lonians that comes next after Colophon, but when the sedition broke out they fled for refuge And when Attains settled them in to Ej)hesus
all

pont

Myonnesus between Teos and Lebedus the Teians

sent an embassy to beg of the Romans not to permit Myonnesus to be fortified against them ; and they migrated to Lebedus, whose inhabitants gladly received them because of the dearth of population

by which they were then afflicted. Teos, also, is one hundred and twenty stadia distant from Lebedus; and in the intervening distance there is an island And Myonnesus Aspis, by some called Arconnesus. is settled on a height that forms a peninsula. 30. Teos also is situated on a peninsula; and it has a harbour. Anacreon the melic poet was irom Teos in whose time the Teians abandoned their city and migrated to Abdera, a Thracian city, being unable to bear the insolence of the Persians; and
;

237

STRABO
"A^Byjpa, KoXrj Ttjlcdv airoiKia.
ttoXlv
S'

ipr)Tat

he Kal

7ravrj\06v tiv<; avrcov ')(p6va) varepop' ^ AireXkLKSivro';, on Tt]io<; irepl

rjv KaKelvo<!i'

yiyove Be Kal (Tvy'ypaj>ev^ 'E/tfaratb?

eK Ti)? avrT)<; TroXew?. eaTU kol dWo^ Xi^rju 6 Trpoa^oppof diro rpiaKovTa arahiwv rrj<i ttoXco)?,

reppaitSaL. 31. Klra

laOfjLO<i
rrj<;

XaX/ct^ets" kol^
T^jiayv
teal

tT/?

Xeppov^arov

ovv Tov
laO/j,^

^jpv6paioiv' evro^ fiev IcrO/jiov OLKovaiv ovroi, tV avTu> Be to)

fcal

TyLOL

TOV
Bea<;,

lad/JLOV TrXevpov
Ttj

to Be cvvdirT0V(TL
1/09

KXa^ofievior to jxev yap voriov e^ovaL Tyjiot, toi)? XaXKitrpocr^oppov K.Xa^ofMi>LOt, KaO' h
*EpvOpala. KeiTai 5' ^TTroKprj^ieVl TTJ dpXV '''0^ laO/lOU, VT6<i
ttjv

TOTTO?
Tcov

p,ev

aTToXa/ji^dvrov

EpvOpaiap,
vrrepfceiTai ^

kt6<;

Be

TTjv

KXa^o /xeviuyv.

Be

rdv

X.aXKiBe(t}v

^iXiinrov,
^\(t)V(ov
fxevofj

aXao<; Kadiepwixevov AXe^ai Bp(p Ttp kol dyoiv viro ^ tov kolvov Ttav 'AXe^di'Bpeia KUTayyeXXeTai, avi/TeXov'

ttTTo

8' v7rp^a(Ti<i tov ladfiov tov evTavOa. rj TOV AXe^auBpeiov Kal tmv XaXKiBecDV fie^pi

tov 'TiroKpjjfivov irevTtJKOPTa elac ardBioi, 6 B^

irepi'TrXov^ irXelovt;
rj

\lXioi..

KaTh, fxeaov Be ttov

TOV TrepiTrXovv ai ^ILpvOpai, 7r6Xi<; '[(oriKyj, Xi/xeva exovaa, Kal vi](TiBa<; irpoKeifievas TeTTapa^
"Ittttou? KaXovfiva<;. 32. Uplp 8' eXOetv ewl ra? *\ipvdpd<;, irpoiTOv
fiev
*

"Epat TToXixyt-ov eVrt

Kal,

lit^itov'

elra K^wpoKO^i,

the editors

in.sert.
inr6,

* in^Si E, iyT6$ other Corais, for i-r6.

MSS.

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

r.

30-32

hence the verse in reference to Abdera. ''Abdera, beautiful colony of the Teians." But some of them returned a^ain in later times. As I have already said/ Apellicon also was a Teian and Hecataeus the historian was from the same city. And there is also another harbour to the north, thirty stadia distant from the city, called Gerrhaeidae. 31. Then one comes to Chalcideis, and to the
;

isthmus of the Chersonesus, belonging to the Teians and Erythraeans. Now the latter people live this side the isthmus, but the Teians and Clazomenians live on the isthmus itself; for the southern side of the isthmus, 1 mean the Chalcideis, is occupied by Teians, but the northern by Clazomenians, where their territory joins the Erythraean. At the beginning of the isthmus lies the place called Hypocremnus, which lies between the Erythraean territory this side the isthmus and that of the Clazomenians Above the Chalcideis is situated on the other side a sacred precinct consecrated to Alexander the son ot Philip; and games, called the Alexandreia, are proclaimed by the general assembly of the lonians and are celebrated there. The passage across the isthmus from the sacred precinct of Alexander and from the Chalcideis to Hypocremnus is fifty stadia, but the voyage round by sea is more than one Somewhere about the middle of the thousand. circuit is Erythrae, an Ionian city, which has a
harbour, and also four isles lying off it, called Hippi.2 32. Before coming to Erythrae, one comes first to a small town Erae belonging to the Teians ; and then
1

13. 1. 54.

i.e.

Horses.

239

STRABO
0/309
vyfrrjXov, koX Kol a\X.09 ^Kpv0pa<i
XifjLrjv

vn

ainSt

^aavarrj^
Koi
i<f>^Tj^

Xifirjv Kokovfievof}

rov 'jrapdirXovv tov KeopvKOV irdvra \r}ari]piop virdp^ai t(ov KtopvKaluyv KaXovfievcov, evpofievwv rpoirov Kaivov rry;
TrXetof?
erepoi.
<l>aa-l

Be

KaTcaTrap/xivov^ i7n^ov\rj<; Tiov TrXoi^ofxivcov' yap ev rol^ Xip>e<n toI<; fcaOopjJLi^op,evoL<; ifiiropoi^ 7rp0(T(f)0lTaV KOL a)TaKOV<TTLV, Tt <f)epOlV Koi TTOV irXeoieVy etra avveX66vra<i dvaxOelai toU duOpMTTOt'i iTriTiOeaOai
Br)

Trdvra

top

koI KaOapird^etv d<j)' ov TroXvirpdyfiova kol KaruKoveiv

irt,x^Lpo\jvra tcop Xddpa /cat eV dTTOpprjrtp BiaXeyofiepcop KcDpvKalop KuXovfiep, kuI ip irapoip.ia
(fjafiep'
^

rov

S'

dp*

Kwpu/cato? rjKpod^ero,

orap
/XT)

BoKjj T4? irpdrreLV Bl diropp/jTcop rj XaXelu, XavOdvT) Be Bid tou? KaraaKO'rrovPTa'i xal

<f>LXo7rV(TTOVPTa<i

rd

firj

\X6vvr)(T0<i prja-lov Kd)pvKOP C 615 eiTa ro ^'Apyeppop, dxpa t^? ^KpyOpalaf; TrXfjaid'

33.

Mera

Trpoar^KOPTa. '

Be

^ov(Ta fidXicTTa r^ Xlwp IIo<tiBlo, ttolovpti fiera^v Bk TTopOfiop oaop ^i]K0pra araBidHP. TOiP ^KpvOpcjp Kal rov 'T7roKpi]p.pov Mt/ia9 earlv elra km/jltj 6po<i vyjrrjXop, evOtjpop, iroXvhepBpop'

Kv^eXla kuI

dfcpa

MeXaiPa

KaXovfiepi], /jlvXcop

X,ovaa Xaro/iiiop.
34. 'Ek 8' ^EpvOpcop St/8i^\\a eariP, p6ov<t Kai fiairiKt] yvpr) ra)P up)(aLa)P Tt9 tear AKe(apBpop Be dXXr} rjp rop avrop rpoirop fiapriKijt

&/, Jones, from conj. of Professor Capps, for ip.

340

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

32-34

to Corycus, a high mountain, and to a harbour at the foot of it, Casystes, and to another harbour called Erythras, and to several others in order thereafter. The waters along the coast of Mt. Corycus, they say,

were everywhere the haunt of pirates, the Corycaeans, as they are called, who had found a new way of attacking vessels for, they say, the Corycaeans would scatter themselves among the harbours, follow up the merchants whose vessels lay at anchor in
;

them, and overhear what cargoes they had aboard and whither they were bound, and then come together and attack the merchants after they had put to sea and plunder their vessels and hence it is that we call every person who is a busybody and tries to overhear private and secret conversations a Corycaean and that we say in a proverb " Well then, the Corycaean was listening to this," when one thinks that he is doing or saying something in secret, but fails to keep it hidden because of persons who spy on him and are eager to learn what does not concern
;

them.
After Mt. Corycus one comes to Halonnesos, a Then to Argennum, a promontory of the Erythraean territory ; it is very close to the Poseidium of the Chians, which latter forms a strait about sixty stadia in width. Between Erythrae and Hypocremnus lies Mimas, a lofty mountain, which is well supplied with game and well wooded. Then one comes to a village Cybelia, and to a promontory Melaena, as it is called, which has a millstone quarry. 34. Erythrae was the native city of Sibylla, a woman who was divinely inspired and had the gift of prophecy, one of the ancients. And in the time of Alexander there was another woman who likewise
33.

small island.

241

STRABO
KaXovfievT} *A0y]vat<;, eV t?}? avTrj<i TroXew?* koI
<TV(TXo\a(TTi)^ AttoWcovlcv rov Mf09. 35. 'H 8e Xto9 TOP fiev irepLTrXovp iari arahiwi'
'

h'vaKoaiwv Trapa

y7)v

(hepo/jLCVO),

iroKiv

5*

e;)^6<

evXiixevov kol vavaraO /xop vavalv byhoi'jKOVia. i> he Tfp TTcpiirXw he^iav rijv vPjcrov )(Ovri d-no
T?;<?

TToXect)? TrpoiTov fxep

Xifxrjv

eVrt to Yloa-eiBiov, elra

(l>dvai,

dXao^

^a6v<i, Koi veiof; 'AttoXXwi/o? Ka\ (f)on>LK(ov' elra Noriov, v^opfio<; alyia\u<{'
v<^oppLO^
alyiaX6<;, bdev

elra Aatov^, kol ovro'^

e^tjKoura arahirov icr6/jLu<;' Trepl7rXoL'9 Be TpLOKoaicop k^iiKOvra, ov 7rtjX0opLv. elra MeXaiva atcpa, KaO' i)p rd "^vpa, vr^ao^i d-no TrevriJKOvra arahiwv t/}? d/cpa>i, vyjnjXrj, ttoXiv o/jlcovv/xop ')(^ovaa' KvKXo<i he tt}? v/j<tov rerrapdKovTa ardtioi. ?; Wpiovaia X^P^ rpaytla Kal dXifxevci, arahifov oaov TpiaKOVTa^ olvov etra to rwv \*jXXi)vikcov. dpLcriov (f>epovaa
Trjv

eU

TToXiV

eW

lleXLvalov
Xi
h*
T)

opa
ptjaof;

dvSpe<i Be

rpayiKO<;

\ioi Kal o Kal ("koTro/xTro? (Tvyypa:f>ev<i ^)oKpiTO<i 6 <To<f>i(rTi'j<i' ovTOL Be Kul dvTeTToXiBk Ka\ revaavTO dX\i']\ot<;. dp,<^L(T^i)Tov<Ti

vyjrtjXoTaTov rcov ev rfj vrjaw. Koi Xuto/jliov fxapfidpov XiOov. yeyovaaiv eXXoyi/xoL "Icov t o

'Ofxtjpov Xloi, finpTvpiov fieya^ toi/? 'OfirjpiBa^i KaXovpievovs diro rov etceivov yevov<i npox'^i'pi'^bfxevoi, (OV
'

Kal \\LvBapo<i fiefiVTjrar

;

'

'Hpopikfios, Tzpcluicke, for 'Hp6t^iKos. TpiiKoyra, Kramer, following Stephanua, for rpiaKOfflwy

BO Meinekc.
u^ya, in E.

Meineke, for fttrJi;

fi4y

morz, Kardw; word omitted

243

GEOGRAPHY,
;

14.

i.

34-35

had the gift of prophecy she was called Athenais, and was a native of the same city. And, in my time,
Heracleides the Herophileian physician, fellow-pupil of ApoUonius Mys,^ was born there. 35. As for Chios, the voyage round it along the coast is nine hundred stadia and it has a city with a good port and with a naval station for eighty ships. On making the voyage round it from the city, with the island on the right, one comes first to the Poseidium. Then to Phanae, a deep harbour, and to a temple of Apollo and a grove of palm trees. Then to Notium, Then to a shore suited to the anchoring of vessels. Laius, this too a shore suited to the anchoring of vessels whence to the city there is an isthmus of sixty stadia, but the voyage round, which I have just now described, is three hundred and sixty stadia. Then to Melaena, a promontory, opposite
;
;

to which lies Psyra, an island fifty stadia distant from the promontory, lofty, and having a city of the same name. The circuit of the island is forty stadia. Then one comes to Ariusia, a rugged and harbourless country, about thirty stadia in extent, which produces the best of the Grecian wines. Then to Pelinaeus, the highest mountain in the island. And the island also has a marble quarry. Famous natives of Chios are Ion the tragic poet, and Theopompus the historian, and Theocritus the sophist. The two latter were political opponents of one another. The Chians
:

also claim

Homer, setting forth as strong testimony that the men called Homeridae were descendants of Homer's family ; these are mentioned by Pindar -.^
*

Mus,

i.e.

Mouse.

'

Nemean

Odes

2. 1.

243

STRABO
oOev trep KaX

painSiv
feKTT]VTO

'OfjLrjplSat eTrecov ra ttoW'

aoiBoL
XtOt,
ap-)^Tj<;

Be

Kol

VaVTlKOV
e?

TTOTC

avOrjTrrovro

i\.evdepia^. Koaioi nrov (TTdBcoL.

Kara K Xlov 5'

t^9

SdXaTTnv

KOI Kal

Aea^ov

vorq) rerpa-

36. 'E/c

Be

TOTTo?, OTTOu
r)

Tov ^Tttokp^/jlvov ^ Kvrptov iari TrpoTcpop XBpvvTo KXa^o/jLvar 10*

vTjaia

vvv

7roX,t9,

exovaa
3'
'

irpoKeip.eva

oktoh

yewpyovixeva.
'Ai'a^ay6pa<;
6

K\a^op,vio^
<i)V(TLK6<i,

^v dvijp

7n<f>avT)^
6p,i\r)Tij^

Ava^ip.evov<^
TrotrjTijf;.

rov M.i\r)aLov Bi>]KOV(Tav Bk rovrov 'A/o^^eXao?

o (fyvaiKOf; fcal
*A7ro\.\ft)/o9

KvpnrlBrjft 6

Kal

/c6\7ro9 Kal

rj

Oepfict 7ro\t9.

vBara xal

iepbv 6 ^fivpvaioDV
rj

eW

C 646

37. *E^rj<; Be a\\o9 KoXiro^i, iv w ^/xvpva dno eiKoai CTaBitov Trj<i vvv.

iraXaia

AvB6i)V Be

KaraairaadvTwv
errj

ttjv

'^p,vpvav, Trepl

rerpaKoaia

BiereXeaev
ecTTt

oIkov/jlvtj km/mtjEov'

elra dvrjyeipev

auTT]v
ri

*Avriyovo<;, Kal

perd ravra Avai/xaxo^,

Kal vvv

KaWiajr)

exovaa eV
7r/909

rcov Traacjv, ppo<i pev opet TeTeLXtap,evov, to Be irXeov

7rp6<i

iv ireBitp Trpo^

Kal

tw Xipevi Kal eari yvpvaaitp,

evdetayv
et9

r^ Mrjrp^
pvpu)ropla
eu

7;

Bi,d<^opo<i

en

Bvvapuv Kal

oBol
ifrL-

\i66<TTp(oroi aroai re ireBoi re Kal vTrepcooi'

peydXai TerpdytDVOt,

eari Be Kal ^ijSXioOfjKtf Kal TO 'Oprjpeiov, crrod TTpdya)vo<s, exovaa va>p *Op,i]pov Kal ^oavov perairoiovvrat ydp xaX ovroi
*

'titoKfyhnyov F, AiroKpi}fiyov other

'

MSS. but cp.'Troir/iii/u'ov

;

\n 14. 1.33.

244

GEOGRAPHY,
" Whence also the
lays,

14.

i.

35-37

Homeridae, singers of deftly woven ." The Chians at one time possessed also a fleet, and attained to liberty and to maritime empire. The distance from Chios to Lesbos, sailing southwards, is about four hundred stadia. 36. After Hypocremnus one comes to Chytrium, the site on which Clazomenae was situated in earlier Then to the present Clazomenae, with eight times. small islands lying off it that are under cultivation. Anaxagoras, the natural philosopher, an illustrious man and associate of Anaximenes the Milesian, was And Archelaus the natural philoa Clazomenian. sopher and Euripides the poet took his entire course. Tiien to a temple of Apollo and to hot springs, and to the gulf and the city of the Smyrnaeans. 37. Next one comes to another gulf, on which is the old Smyrna, twenty stadia distant from the After Smyrna had been rased by present Smyrna. the Lydians, its inhabitants continued for about four hundred years to live in villages. Then they were reassembled into a city by Antigonus, and afterwards by Lysimachus, and their city is now the most beautiful of all a part of it is on a mountain and walled, but the greater part of it is in the plain near the harbour and near the Metroum and near the

most often

The division into streets is exceptionally good, in straight lines as far as possible ; and the streets are paved with stone; and there
gymnasium.
are large quadrangular porticoes, with both lower and upper stories. There is also a library ; and the Homereium, a quadrangular portico containing a shrine and wooden statue ^ of Homer ; for the
^

The primary meaning

is

"statue," xoanon,

"a

of the Greek word here used for prehistoric statue carved of wood."

245

STRABO
hiatjiepovTWf; tov ttoltjtou, koX Stj koI vofiiafid TL x^Xkovv Trap' avTOL<i 'O^i^peiov Xeyerai. pel

Be TrXrjalov tov rei'xpv'i 6 MeX,?;? irorafio^i. eari Be 7r/3o? rfj aWrj KaracrKevrj Tfj<; TToXeo)? kol ev 5' eXdrrco^ia t6)v dp^i'T'eKTo\i/jLT}V K\ei<TT6<;.

OTL Tfl? 6Bov<; aropvvvre^} ovk eBcoKau avraU, aXV eir LiroXd^ei ra (TKv^aXa, kol fidXiara ev rot? 6fi^poi(; evravda AoXo7ra<f)i/jLei'fop tmv diroa-Kevcov.^
v(ov

ov

fiiKpov,

v7roppvcri<;

/SeWa? Tpe^diviov
rSiV

eK7roXiopKt](Ta<i

di/eTKep,

Kalaapa tov BoXo<f>ovrj(TdvTQ)v T779 TToXeoj? irapeXvae iroXXd fieprj.

38.

Seop,

eua Kal

AeuKai iroXtxvtov, o 'ArTaXof tov <t>LXofii]Topo<; TeXevTr'jv, hoicoiv tov yevov^ elvai TOV TMV ^aaiXerov Kal Biavoov/xifO<; et? eavTov
Be ^/xvpvav al
(iTreaTrjaeu 'ApiaToviKo^ fxcTa Ttjv

Mera

noielaOai
rjTTTjOeU

Tr)v

dp^7)v evTciOev

(.lev

ovv
dvioop

e^eirecrev,

"rrepl tt}v vavfxaxi'O' 'E(f>e(Tla}v, i9 Be Trjv /.leaoyaiav

Kv/xaiav

vtto

rjOpoiae

d-nopOiV T dvd pdiTTWV KOL ov<; KaTaKeKXrj/xevcov, 'HXiOTroXLTa<s eVaXecre. TrpcoToi' fiev ovv irapeiaeTrXr}do<>

Blh TO ^0)1/

BovXwv

7r'

eXeudepla

cIt

Treaev eh i/arapa, eix' WTroXXayvlBa eervfr, dXXoyi^ e<f>UTo ^povpuov ov ttoXvv Be die-

yeveTO xP^vov, dXX^ vOv<; a'l t TroXet? eTre/xyjrav TrXrjdof;, Kal Nt/<o/x//5?;<? o Bt^L'i/09 eyreKOvprjae eireiTU Kal 01 Tcov KawTraBovrov /Sao-tXet?. nrpea^ei^ 'VrofxaUov irei'Te ^kov, Kal fieTo, tuvtu
*

(TTopvvyrti
'
ii.'iroffKtviiy,

Meincke, for arpwyyvyrts K,

crnpyi'iyrts

F,

aroo^yyvyrts other

MSS.

Corals, for wap\CKtvwv.

346

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

37-38
;

Smyrnaeans also lay especial claim to the poet and indeed a bronze coin ot theirs is called Homereium. The River Meles flows near the walls and, in addition to the rest of the city's equipment, there is also But there is one a harbour that can be closed. error, not a small one, in the work of the engineers, that when they paved the streets they did not give
;

them underground drainage

; instead, filth covers the surface, and particularly during rains, when the It was cast-off filth is discharged upon the streets. here that Dolabella captured by siege, and slew, Trebonius, one of the men who treacherously murdered the deified Caesar and he set free ^ many parts of the city. 38. After Smyrna one comes to Leucae, a small ^ town, which after the death of Attalus Philometor was caused to revolt by Aristonicus, who was reputed to belong to the royal family and intended to usurp Now he was banished from Smyrna, the kingdom. after being defeated in a naval battle near the Cymaean territory by the Ephesians, but he Avent up into the interior and quickly assembled a large number of resourceless people, and also of slaves, invited with a promise of freedom, whom he called
;

Now he first fell upon Thyateira Heliopolitae.^ unexpectedly, and then got possession of Apollonis, and then set his efforts against other fortresses. But he did not last long the cities immediately sent a large number of troops against him, and they were assisted by Nicomedes the Bithynian and by the Then came five Roman kings of the Cappadocians.
;

'

cf.
*

its

Others translate the verb "destroyed," or the like, but use in 8. 6. 14 and Herodotus 1. 149. * Citizens of the city of Heliu? (Sun-god). See 13. 4. 2.

247

STRABO
fiera

Ka\ koX KUTeXvae rbv TToXe/xov, l^wypia Xa^odv top 'ApiaroviKov Koi iKLvo<; p.ev ovv ev rw dvaTre/jLyjra^ et? 'Pw/jltjv. Bea-fjLCDTTjplo) KareaTpeyfre rov ^iov, YlepTrepvav he

tTTpaTi^^

Kal

uTraro?

UottXio^

K/)acr<ro9,

ravTa MdpKO^

Tlepfrepva^,

o<i

v6(ro<i BL6<f)6Lp, Kpda(7o<; Be irepl Aeu/ta?, eTrideMaVio? 5' *AkvXpAvcov TLvoiv, eTTeaev ev fJid^Jj* X09, e7re\6div vTraro'i fierd BeKa Trpea^evreov,

BUra^e

rr]V

eTTapxlau et?

to

vvv tl crv^p,evov

C 647

Ti)fi

TToXireua^ (tx^P-o,. p^rd Be AevKa^i ^oiKaia ev KoXiro)' irepX Be rauTT]<; elprjKapev ev r& irepl

MatrcraXia? Xoyo).

eW

ol opoL

tmv

^Icovcov Kal

rwv AloXecDV
Bk
rfj

eXprjrav

Be

kol

irepl tovtcov.

ev

peaoyala t% 'Icovik^^ napaXia^ Xoiird eari, rd irepl rrjv oBov rrjv e^ \L<^e<Tov p^XP'' eari Be koI AvTiox^^cL'i Kal Tov MaidvBpov. rd x/3ta ravTa AvBot<; Kal Kapalv eiripiiKTa Kal
'

rol<i"^XXr)aL.
39.
7r6Xi<i
II/jcoT/; B'

earlv ef

'E<^eVou

Mayvrjcria,

yap

AloXU, XeyopevTj Be eVl MaidvBpo)' irXijalov avrov 'iBpvrai' ttoXv Be irXr^aiaiTepov 6

p,^(iXXci)v

Arjdalos,

dpxhv

ex(ov

diro

649 rov MaiavBpov, rrfv B' IlaKrvov^ rov twv 'E<f)ecrl(i)v

6pov<i' Tpo<; B' earl o irepl TpLKKTjv, (f>^

AyBalof; 6 ev roprvvr) Kal

6 'A(TKXrjiri6<f yevvrjOrjvai

iroXi<;, 0' m aTavpwdrjvai rj ypapp^TiKov, XoiBop^a-avTa ^ BiaTLXOV

*

Xeyerai, Kal ctl ev to?? 'EcnrepLTaif: Aifivai. Kelrai B^ ev ireBiw irpo^ opet KaXoup,V(p StopaKt
<f>a<TL

Aa(f)lTav tov

toi)?

^aaiXia^ Bid

a-Tpartd, Corais, for (rrpartia.

Ila/cTi/ov,

Xylander, for UaKrlov.

348

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

38-39

ambassadors, and after that an army under Publius Crassus the consul,^ and after that Marcus Perpernas, who brought the war to an end, having captured Now Aristonicus alive and sent him to Rome. Aristonicus ended his life in prison Perpernas died of disease and Crassus, attacked by certain people in the neighbourhood of Leucae, fell in battle. And Manius Aquillius came over as consul ^ with ten lieutenants and organised the province into the form of government that still now endures. After Leucae one comes to Phocaea, on a gulf, concerning which I have already spoken in my account of Massalia. Then to the boundaries of the lonians and the Aeolians but I have already spoken of these. In the interior above the Ionian seaboard there remain to be described the places in the neighbourhood of the road that leads from Ephesus to Antiocheia and the Maeander River. These places are occupied by Lydians and Carians mixed with Greeks.
; ; ;

39.

The

first

city

one comes to after Ephesus

is

Magnesia, which is an Aeolian city and is called " Magnesia on the Maeander," for it is situated near that river. But it is much nearer the Lethaeus River, which empties into the Maeander and has its beginning in Mt. Pactyes, the mountain in the territory of the Ephesians. There is another Lethaeus in Gortyna, and another near Tricce, where Asclepius is said to have been born, and still another in the country of the Western Libyans. And the city lies in the plain near the mountain called Thorax, on which Daphitas the grammarian is said to have been crucified, because he reviled the kings in a distich
^

131 B.C.

129

B.o.

'

Siarixov F, arlxov other

MSS.
T

VOL.

VI.

249

STRABO
vopcpvpeot /xcoXwTre?, aTroppiv/jfiara yd^rj*; Av(Ti/j,d)(OV, AvBcjv dp)^T KOL ^pvyLr]<;.

Kol Xoyiov 3' cKTreaeiv TOP HcopaKa.

40.

avTw Xiyerat,

<f>v\dTTaOai

AoKovai
ra)v

h'

elvai Mayi^r^re? AeXc^coi^ diro-

yovoL,

eirot Krjadvr aw

ScTTdXla,
rj

irepi oiv (^yjalp

ra AiBufia 'Hato^o?"

oprj

cV

oir\ AiSufiov^ ipov<i vaiovaa Ko\<ovov<i, AwTt'ft) v irehuo 'iro\v^6rpvo<s dvr Afivpoio,

pl\jraTO Boiy3fa8o9 Xifxpr)^ TToha irapOepO'i aS/ir;?.

ipravda

3'

r}p

Koi

to

t^<?
^

AipBv/jLt]prj(i

Upop,

8' avTOv ttjv ScfitM7;t/)09 6e(iiv' (pd<raaOaL tTTOKKeov<i yvpoLKa, ol he dvyaTcpu irapaBtBoacri' PVV 8' OVK (TTl TO ICpOP Bl^ TO TTjP TToXlP t9

dXXop ixeTUiKiaOaL

tottop' ev Be ttj vvp iroXei to

T^9 AVKo<ppvT]VTj'; iepop icrrip 'ApTfiiBo<:, o tg> /iP /j,ey iOet tov vaov Koi tw ttXtjOcl t(op dvaOqfidToyp XetTTCTat tov ep 'E^eVro, t^ 5' eupvOfiia Kal jrj Tex^D TTJ rrepl tijp KaTaa-Kevrjv tov at]K0v TToXu Biacpepci' kul tw fxeyedet uircpalpei Traj/ra? Tov<i ep 'Acrta frXijp Bveiv, tov ep 'li(j)a<p xal Kal TO iraXaiop Be arvpefii] tov p At8i//tot?.
To?9
^\dypr)(jiv viro Tpijpwp dpBj)P diaipeOfjpai, ^ KififxepiKOv eOpov^, evTv^fjoamaf; iroXvp XPOPOP'

Tfp S' e^fj^ eTCt MLXT)a-Lov<t

KUTaaxetp top
evTV)(^ovPTfop
'

tottov.

KaXXipo<i
\\ayuT)Ta)P
7rpof Toi)?

fjLP

ovp

COS'

eVt

tcov
Tci>

fiepvtjTai

kol

KUTopOovPTOiP

ep

'K^ecrtou? froXe/xtp, A pxi-Xoxo^: Be yBi] <PaiveTai, yptopi^wp ttjp yepopepyp avTol^t avfi<f)opdp'

asc

GEOGRAPHY,
"

14. i.

39-40

Purpled with stripes, mere filings of the treasure of Lysimachus, ye rule the Lydians and Phrygia." It is said that an oracle was given out that Daphitas should be on his guard against Thorax. 40. The Magnetans are thought to be descendants of Delphians who settled in the Didyman hills, in " Or as the Thessaly, concerning whom Hesiod says unwedded virgin who, dwelling on the holy Didyman hills, in the Dotian Plain, in front of Amyrus, bathed her foot in Lake Boebeis."^ Here was also the temple of Dindymene, Mother of the gods. According to tradition, the wife of Themistocles, some say his daughter, served as a priestess there. But the temple is not now in existence, because the city has been transferred to another site. In the present city is the temple of Artemis Leucophryene, which in the size of its shrine and in the number of its votive offerings is inferior to the temple at Ephesus, but in the harmony and skill shown in the structure of the
:

sacred enclosure is far superior to it. And in size it surpasses all the sacred enclosures in Asia except In ancient two, that at Ephesus and that at Didymi. times, also, it came to pass that the Magnetans were utterly destroyed by the Treres, a Cimmerian tribe, although they had for a long time been a prosperous people, but the Milesians took possession of the place in the following year. Now Callinus mentions the Magnetans as still being a prosperous people and as

being successful in their war against the Ephesians, but Archilochus is obviously already aware of the
^

Also quoted in

9. 5. 22.

^
^

UpdaaaOai T>h, UpaffOai other

evTvx'h'^<''^VTas

MSS.

F, fVTv^rjaavros Other

MSS.

STRABO
Kkaieiv ra Saaltov,^ ov
^

ra MayvijTcov

Ka/cd*

C 648 ef ov

fcal

avrov vecorepop elvat rou

KaWlvov

reKfjLaipeaOai, irdpeaTiv. aWrj^ he rivo<; (f>6Bov tS)v KifjL/iiepLQyv fiefMvtjTai TrpeaySurepa? 6 Ka\Xti/09,

iirav

(j>fi'

vvv

h*

ivl

Kifi/xepLcjv

arpaTo<i epxerac o^pi-

fjLoepytaV

iv

rj rrfv XapSeoiv aXioaiP SrjXol. 41. *'Ai'3p69 S' iyevopTo yvaypifioi

Mayi/jyre?

'liyT)(TLa<;

re

pyjrcop,

AcTiavov Xeyo/xivov KaOeaTrjKo^; eOo^ ro ^Attlkov, kuI St;xo<?* o yaeX-oTToto?, rrapaf^deipa^ /cat avTo<; ttjv rcov irporepoDP
fieXoiroLWv dyfoyrjv koX tt)v St/xwBlap claayaytop,

vp^^ fidXtcrra rod ^j]Xov, irapa^deipa^ to

o?

KaSdirep

en fxaWov AvaKohoi KaX MaycpSoi, Kol KXeo/xayof 6 ttvkti]^, o? ei? epwra ifiirecrobp KipalBov rLVO<; koI rraiBlafcrff; vtto tm * KipaiB^
dTrefiifi^craTo ttjv dyayyrjp tcop itaph

rp<f>ofjLevr]<;

roi<i KLvaihoL<i

SiaXeKTcov Kal t^9

rjOoiToiia';'

rip^e

Bk X(OTd8rj<; jxep irpMrof; tov KipaiSoXoyeiu, eneiTa AXe^avBpo<i 6 Alto}X6<;' uXX* ovtoi fiev ip y^tX^ X6y((iy fiera /xc'Xol'? he AOa*?, koX en trporepos

TOVTOV 6

StAto?.

Wva^Tjvopa he rov KiOaptphop

on, fxdXicrra e^rjpe fiep Koi rh Bear pa, ^ 'AvTcwz^to?, o? 7^ KOL Terrdpwv iroXewp dnehei^e

dXX

ipopoXoyop, arparKOTa^ avrrp <Tv<nrj(ra^,

*

fcai

17

tA 9aa(oty, Tyrwhitt, for

e<<r(r)y

so Tzschucke

and

Corais.
'
'
*
oif, Tzschucke and Corais, for oZ. so Meineke. 'Xl/xos, Tzschucke, for 2('m*' r^, Corais inserts ; so Meineke.
;

252

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.
:

40-41

" to bewail the woes misfortune that befell them of the Thasians, not those of the Magnetans";^ whence one may judge that he was more recent than Callinus. And Callinus recalls another, and earlier, invasion of the Cimmerians when he says " And now the army of the Cimmerians, mighty in ^ in which he plainly indicates deeds, advanceth," the capture of Sardeis.
:

41.

Well-known natives of Magnesia are

He-

gesias the orator, who, more than any other, initiated the Asiatic style, as it is called, whereby he corrupted

the established Attic custom and Simus the melic poet, he too a man who corrupted the style handed down by the earlier melic poets and introduced the Simoedia,^ just as that style was corrupted still more by the Lysioedi and the Magoedi, and by Cleomachus the pugilist, who, having fallen in love with a certain cinaedus* and with a young female slave who was kept as a prostitute by the cinaedus, imitated the style of dialects and mannerisms that was in vogue among the cinaedi. Sotades was the first man to write the talk of the cinaedi and then Alexander the Aetolian. But though these two men imitated that talk in mere speech. Lysis accompanied it with song and so did Simus, who was still earlier than As for Anaxenor, the citharoede,^ the theatres he. exalted him, but Antony exalted him all he possibly could, since he even appointed him exactor of tribute from four cities, giving him a body-guard of soldiers.
; ;
;

1 ^ ^

A loose song.
*

Frag. 20 (Bergk).
*

An

Frag. 3 (Bergk). obscene talker.

(of.

One who played the cithara and sang to its accompaniment 9. 3. 10 and note on "the cilharoedes ").
ttri,

Meineke, for

exi.

os,

Kramer, for

ov,

253

STRABO
TraT/ol? S*

iKavm avrbv r)v^r}<T, irop^vpav ivSvaaa-Ut lepcofMevov^ rod '^qxtlwoXlBo^ Ato?, KaOd' Tvep Koi t] ypaTTTT) clkodv ifKpavl^ei 77 ii^ rfj dyopa. can he kol X^^'^V ^^k(jov ev rw Oedrpo), iiriypa^rjv
)(pV(Ta'
fiTOL fiev

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olo<i oB'

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ypdfjLfjLa

ov aroxaadiMevo^ Be 6 einypd'^a*; to reXevralov 70V Bevjepov ttov<; TrapeXLire, rod irXdTOi'9 T^9 ^d(Teco<i fjLT] avve^apKovi'TO<;' ware t^ TToXeo)? dfiaOiav KarayuvdiaKeiv Trapeaxc Bia Ttfv
d/ji(f)i^o\iav
TTjp

irepl^

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eXre

rr^v

ovo/jLajTiKTjv BexoLTO TTTwaiv rrj<i eV^^ar?;? Trpoariyopta^, eire T7;i/ BoriKrjv' nroXXoi yap %a)/9t9 rov l

ypd<f)ovaL

rd'i

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/cal

ifcfidXXovao
t)

Be

ro

6o<i (f>vaLKi)i>

alrlav ovk exov.

fxtv

42. INIera Be Mayvrjaiav

65o9 ev
nreBlov,

dpKjrepd

rrjv

enl TpdXXet^ <rrli' MeaoyyiBa exovaiv,

rfj 60^ xal ev Be^ta to MaidvBpov AuBcov dp-a KaX Kapwv vepLo/jiivayv Kal *l(ovQ)v, MlXtjctImv re Kal ^ivnalayv, en Be AloXeoyv r&v ev MayvT](TLa' 6 8' auTo? Tpoiro^i * t^9 toTToOeaia^ Kal fi^XP'' Nvcr?;? KaX 'Az/T4o;^6ia?.

iv avTTJ Be

liBpuTaL

5'

t)

fjLev

C 619 KVKXtp V

Tpanre^iov

tivo^;,

rcov TpaXXtavoov 7ro\t9 cVl aKpav exovrof epvfivt^v koI ret

lKavco<i

el T9 aXXi] Twj/

Kara
del

evepKrj' avvoiKelrai Be KaXa)<;, rrjv ^Aalav, vtto eviroptav

Tive<;

dvOpdyirayv,
7rp(OTvovT<;
'

Kal

Kara

tt)v

e^ avTPi<i elalv oi eirapx^av, 0D9 ^Aatdpxa^

Instead of Upufidyoy,
wtpt,

CDmoz have

Upwfi^yiiy.

Kramer,

for irapd.

254

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

41-42

Further, his native land greatly increased his honours, having clad him in purple as consecrated to Zeus Sosipolis/ as is plainly indicated in his painted image And there is also a bronze in the market-place. statue of him in the theatre, with the inscription, '' Surely this is a beautiful thing, to listen to a singer such as this man is, like unto the gods in voice." ^ But the engraver, missing his guess, left out the last letter of the second verse, the base of the statue not being wide enough for its inclusion so that he laid the city open to the charge of ignorance, because of the ambiguity of the writing, as to whether the last word should be taken as in the nominative case or in the dative ^ for many write the dative case without the iota, and even reject the ordinary usage as being without natural cause. 42. After Magnesia comes the road to Tralleis, with Mt. Mesogis on the left, and, at the road itself and on the right, the plain of the Maeander River, which
; ;

occupied by Lydians and Carians, and by lonians, both Milesians and Myesians, and also by the AeoAnd the same kind of topogralians of Magnesia. phical account applies as far as Nysa and Antiocheia. The city of the Tralleians is situated upon a trapezium-shaped site, with a height fortified by nature and the places all round are well defended. And it is as well peopled as any other city in Asia by people of means and always some of its men hold the chief places in the province, being called Asiarchs.
is
; ;

^ 3

i.e.

City -Saviour. as ATAH or ATAHI.

' *

Odyssey

9, 3.

5c,

Meineke, for 76

Corais

re.

Kai, after Tjot^Tros,' omitted

by moxz.

255

STRABO
KokovaiV
TO ef
Uv96BQ)p6<; re r)v, avrjp Nvaaev^ eKetcre he fiera^e^rjKOi^ Sici, rrjv koX ev rfj 7rp6<; Uo/jltt^iop <f>L\Ca eiTLifxiveLav oXlycov irepie^ilSX'qTO hk xat hLairpkiruiv psr ova-Lav ^aatXiKrjv TrXeiopcav rj 8t,a-)(^i\L0)v ra(ov
apyri'i,
,

Xdvrcov,
Slcl rrjv

Tfv

VTTO

KaLaapo<; rod Seov irpadelaap

irpo^ Ylo/jLTrrjiov ^vXiav i ^ q)V7] a a fievo^ ov)^ ^TTO) Tot? Traia-l KariXcTre' rovTov 8' earl dvyaTtjp UvdoBwpL^;, 7) vvv ^aaiXeuovaa iv toS Ilovrq},
ovTO<i Sij KaO' r)pa<i i]Kfia<T Kol Mrjv6Sa)po<;, dvrjp \07to? koI aXXco^ cre/xi/o? Kal ^apv<i, e')(wv tt]v lepcoauvTjv rov Ato9 rov
irepl ?79 elpi']fca/jLev.

AapLaaiov KarearacridaOr}
rod

6'

vtto ruiv AofiCTLOV

^Arjvo^dp^ov
(ii<i

<f)lX(i)v,

Kal

dvelXev

avrov

vavriKov, Tnarevaa^ Tot? eyepovro Be koI prjrope^ ivhei^apLevoL^. em^avel<i Alovvo-okXt}^ re Kal p.era ravra Ad/jM'
eKelvo^,
d(f>i(Trdpra

ro

TpdXXei^

Krla/jLa Be (paaiv eluai t^9 Kal rtvwv SpaKtov TpaXXicoVf a)P rovpop,a. rvpavp-qOrjvaL 5' oXiyop avped<f>' ireae ^povop rrjp iroXtp viro ruiv Kpariinrov iraiBeov Kara rh MiOpiBariKa. 43. Nu<7a 8' iBpurat irpo<{ rfj MeaoayiBi rh irXeop r^ opei TrpoaapaKeKXip.epri, eari, 8' dairep
ao';

^Ko/iSpo^.

\\pyei(t>v

Biaipel yap avrrjv x^P^^P^ '^'' "^oiovaa <f)dpayya, ^^ ro p-h ye<t>vpav eiriKeipiprjp ex^h (Tvpdirrovcjav rd^ Bvo TroXei?, to B dp,<^idearp<p
BirroXi,^,

KeKoaprjrai, KpvirrrjV exoprt rrjv viroppvaip r&v Be dedrpm Bvo dxpai, XapaBpcoBayp vBdrcov r^ wp ry p,p vTTOKeirai ro yvfxpdaiop rwv pecop,
^

12. 3. 29, 31, 87.

256

GEOGRAPHY,
Among

14. i.

42-43

these was Pythodorus, originally a native of Nysa, but he changed his abode to Tralleis because of its celebrity and with only a few others he stood And he out conspicuously as a friend of Pompey. came into possession of the wealth of a king, worth
;

more than two thousand

sold

talents, which, though by the deified Caesar, was redeemed by him through his friendship with Pompey and was left by him unimpaired to his children. He was the father of Pythodoris, the present queen in Pontus, of whom I have already spoken.^ Pythodorus, then, flourished in my time, as also Menodorus, a man of learning, and otherwise august and grave, who held the But he was overpriesthood of Zeus Larisaeus. thrown by a counter-party friendly to Dometius and Dometius, relying on his inAhenobarbus formers, slew him, as guilty of causing the fleet to Here were born famous orators Dionysocles revolt. and afterwards Damasus Scombrus. Tralleis is said to have been founded by Argives and by certain And the Tralleian Thracians, and hence the name. city was ruled for a short time by tyrants, the sons of Cratippus, at the time of the Mithridatic
;
:

war.
situated near Mt. Mesogis, for the its slopes ; and it is a double city, so to speak, for it is divided by a torrential stream that forms a gorge, which at one place has a bridge over it, joining the two cities, and at
43.

Nysa

is

most part lying upon

another is adorned with an amphitheatre, with a hidden underground passage for the torrential waters. Near the theatre are two heights, below one of which is the gymnasium of youths ; and below the other is the market-place and the gymnasium for
257
I

STRABO
TTJ

S* cL'yoph Kal ro yepovTiKov Trpo^ Be votov vTroireTTTcoKe rfj noXet, rb ireBiop, KaOdirep Kal

Ta/'9

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T7J
oSft)

44. 'Ev Be

rfj
^

Kal tt;? dirwOev

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Nuo-t;?,
rf;?

Kw/xyj

p.era^v twv TpdWecov tmv Kvaaecov earlv ovk

ev
jj

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X^dpaKa,

exov Kal

d\a-o<i

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01

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ol
5'

eari

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ore

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B*

'X^pwvraiy (ji)<i dv lepevai' roh iariv 6 roTTof; Kal 6Xe6pio<i.

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5'

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ev

TOi? W')(^apdK0t<;

avvreXuTaL Kar

rore Be Kal -rrepl vTroXa/Sovret ravpov ol k tov yv/jLvacriov veoi Kal (f)f}l3oi, yv^vol XtV dXrjXi^fiei'O^,^ fxerd airovBrj^ dvaKnixl^ova-iv et? to dvrpov'
TOv<i iravrjyvpi^ovra'i'
rrjv p,at]/j,l3piav

/xdXiara aovrcdv ^

opdv eari Kal dfcoveiv

ero^, Kal rore irepl rS)v ro-

d4>e0el^ Be, /UKpov irpoeXOuiv iriTrrei Kal efcirvovi

yiveraL.
*

K6pr)s,

second hand in C, for'Hpaj elsewhere.

GEOGRAPHY,
older persons.

14.

i.

43-44

the south of the plain does to the south of Tralleis. 44. On the road between the Tralleis and Nysa is a village of the Nysaeans, not far from the city, Acharaca, where is the Plutonium, with a costly sacred precinct and a shrine of Pluto and Core, and also the Charonium, a cave that lies above the sacred for they say that precinct, by nature wonderful those who are diseased and give heed to the cures prescribed by these gods resort thither and live in the village near the cave among experienced priests, who on their behalf sleep in the cave and through dreams prescribe the cures. These are also the men who invoke the healing power of the gods. And they often bring the sick into the cave and leave them there, to remain in quiet, like animals in their lurking-holes, without food for many days. And sometimes the sick give heed also to their own dreams, but still they use those other men, as priests, to initiate them into the mysteries and to counsel them. To all others the place is forbidden and deadly. A festival is celebrated every year at Acharaca and at that time in particular those who celebrate the festival can see and hear concerning all these and at the festival, too, about noon, the things boys and young men of the gymnasium, nude and anointed with oil, take up a bull and with haste and, when let loose, carry him up into the cave the bull goes forward a short distance, falls, and breathes out his life.
lies to

The

city, as it

ToffovTOiv

is

emended by Corais and Meineke

Meineke, for
airaKTiXi^fxevoi.

to

vo-

ffOVVTWV.
^

Klv

aKriXiajxivoi,

STRABO
45. 'Atto Be TpicLKovra araBicov rrj<; 'Nvctt}^ virep^dai Tfx&Xov kol^ to 0^09 T^t/ MeacoylBa eVl TO. 7r/)09 TOi/ voTov /JiepT] KaXeiraL T6iro<i
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twi/
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fiexpi-

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^aciVt

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orav

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eV XeipiUivi,

BeLKvvvTe^ Kavarpiov kol *AcrLou tivo<! rjpyov Koi Tov Kdvarpov TrXrjalov diroppeovra.
46. ^{(TTopoixTi Be T/?et9 dBeXc^ov'^, "AOv/M/Spov ^

re KaX

AOvpi^paBov koI

^"TBprfKov, e\d6vTa<;

etc

KTLaai AaKeBalfMovo^, Ta<; eTTcovv/xovt avTMv TToXef?, XeiTrapBpijaat S' varepov, i^ etceivwv Be (TWOiklctO rival rT)v Nvaav' koX vvv "AOv/x^pov
ol Nwcraet?. 47. WepLKevvrai. Be d^ioXoyot KamtKLat irepav TOV MaidvBpov, KoaKLina fcal 'OpOayata' evTOf Be

ctpxvy^^V^ vopii^ovaiv

virep ttj<; {(TvareXXovTC^; to 6 po) ypd/iifxa)'^ odev dpiaTo^ Meacoyirrj*; olvo^

BplovXa,

Mdaravpa, 'AxdpaKa, kol

ra "Apo/xa
^

7r6\e&)<? ev Tfp opei

*Apo/j,v<;.
'

Ko/,

before rh opos, Jones inserts.

reads rh ipos xaX

o being

r)]v

Mf(rc07<5a. 'Apo/ia, Corais. for *KpdiiM.ra

I)), '

CDF (the

above w in

'Kp6nara VJiimoz. The words in parenthesis are probably a gloss, and are ejected by Meineke.
* The text, which seems to bo corrupt, is recast and emended by Groskurd to read, "having crossed the Mesogis 260

GEOGRAPHY,

14.

i.

45-47

45 Thirty stadia from Nysa, after one crosses over Mt. Tmolus and the mountain called Mesogis, towards the region to the south of the Mesogis,^ there is a place called Leimon,^ whither the Nysaeans and all the people about go to celebrate their festivals. And not far from Leimon is an entrance into the earth sacred to the same gods, which is said to extend down as far as Acharaca. The poet is said to name this meadow when he says, "On the Asian " meadow and they point out a hero-temple of and a certain Asius, and the Cayster River Cayster that streams forth near by. 46. The story is told that three brothers, Athymbrus and Athymbradus and Hydrelus, who came from Lacedaemon, founded the three cities which were named after them, but that the cities later became scantily populated, and that the city Nysa was founded by their inhabitants but that Athymbrus is now regarded by Nysaeans as their original founder. 47. Near Nysa, on the far side of the Maeander I mean River, are situated noteworthy settlements Coscinia and Orthosia and this side the river, Briula, Mastaura and Acharaca, and above the city, on the mountain. Aroma (in which the letter rho^ is short), whence comes the best Mesogitan wine, I mean the Aromian.
;

towards the region to the south of Tmolus." But the simple rectification of the text made by the present translator solves
the difficulty quite as well (see critical note). *
i..

" Apparently an error for in which name the letter omega is shortened to ovdcron (cp. the well-known Greek word Aroma, which may mean either "spice" or "arable land.")
'

meadow.

261

STRABO
48. ''AvSp<; Se yeyovaaiv evho^oi Nuo-oet? AiroW.oiVLo^ re o ^TwtAco? <^L\6ao<^o<i, twv YlavaiTLou yvcDplfjLcov apL(no<;, Kal MeveKpdrijf;, ApLardp')(ov fjLaOi]ri]<:, Kal ^ApiaT6Si]fio<;, Klvov
'

vl6<i,

iaxaToytjpa) veot Kal ^(O(TTpaT0<i Be, 6 aSeX-c^o? Tov ^ApiaToh]iJ.ov, Kal aWo? ^ApiaroSrj/jLO^;, dve'^LO<i avrov, 6 iraLhevca'i }^\dyvov IIo/xBLtjKovaa/jLcv
7)/xL<i

ov

iravrekw^;

iv

rfj

Nva-rj'

irrjiov,

j)fjLeTpo<i

TTJ

d^ioXoyoL jeyovaai ypafxfxariKor 6 5' Kal epprjTopevCy Kal iv rj} *P6B<p xal ev Trarpihi Bvo (Tyo\a<; a-vvL-)(, irpcul fxev Trjv
5etX,7?9

prjTopiKrjv,

oe rijv

iv Be

Trj

'Pdo/jLTj

tS)v

^\dyvov

ypa/x/xariKrjv axoXrjv' Traihiov iirtaraTOiV

TjpKelTO

T^ ypa/xfiaTiKrj a^oXfj,
II

1.

T^

Be iripav

rjBr)

CG5I

fiva tt}?

'TrpioBLa<;,

ttuvt

tov MaidvBpov, rh Xenroiarl KapiKd, ovkcti

ToU AvBoU
dXX*
riBt]

i7ri/j,fMLy/xV(iiv

ivravOa

tcov

Kapwv,

KaO^ avTov<; ovrtov, ttXijv ei ri MiXfjaioi Kal MvTjaioL T^9 irapaXiaf; dnorerfjLTjvTai. dpyt} fjiV ovv tt}? irapaXia^ iajlv rj twv 'PoBioiv trepaia rcov OaXdrrtjf;, rXo<i Be ro YloaetBiov 7rpb<i
MiXrjcrioyv'
iv

Be

rfj

fieaoyata

to,

aKpa tov

Tavpov

MatdvBpov. Xeyovcn yap dp')(riv elvai TOV Tavpov ra vTrepKei^ieva oprj rcov Xe\tfiexpi

TlaiJ,(})vXLa<;

BovUov KaXovp.ev(x^v vrjo-oav, aiirep iv fxeOopi^ t% Kal Trj<; Af/cta? irpoKeivraL' ivTCvOev

yh.p i^aiperai tt/jo? vy^o<; 6 Tavpo<;' to 5' dXr}0<; koI

*

For map

of

Asia Minor, see Vol. V.

(at end).

262

GEOGRAPHY,

14. i.

48-2.
:

48. Famous men born at Nysa are Apollonius the Stoic philosopher, best of the disciples of Panaetius and Menecrates, pupil of Aristarchus and Aristodemus, his son, whose entire course, in his extreme old age, I in my youth took at Nysa and Sostratus, the brother of Aristodemus, and another Aristodemus, his cousin, who trained Pompey the Great, proved themselves notable grammarians. But my teacher also taught rhetoric and had two schools, both in Rhodes and in his native land, teaching rhetoric in the morning and grammar in the
;

evening at Rome, however, when he was in charge of the children of Pompey the Great, he was content with the teaching of grammar.
;

II

Coming now to the far side of the Maeander,^ the parts that remain to be described are all Carian, since here the Lydians are no longer intermingled with the Carians, and the latter occupy all the country by themselves, except that a segment of the seaboard is occupied by Milesians and Myesians. Now
1.

the beginning of the seaboard is the Peraea^ of the Rhodians on the sea, and the end of it is the Poseidium of the Milesians but in the interior are the extremities of the Taurus, extending as far as the Maeander River. For it is said that the mountains situated above the Chelidonian islands, as they are called, which islands lie off the confines of Pamphylia and Lycia, form the beginning of the Taurus, for thence the Taurus rises to a height
; ;

Mainland

territory.

263

STRABO
rT)v

yL 7rpb<i

AvfTLav airacrav opeivr] pdx^'* "^oO Tavpov SieCpra iKTo<i Koi to voriop p,epo^ diro rS>p Ki^uparLKoyv /ie'xpi t^? irepaia^; Ttav 'Vohiwv. KCLVTavOa 8' <Trl avvexf]^ opeivrj, ttoXv fievroi raireivoTcpa, Koi ovkctl tov Tavpov vo/xl^rat, ovSe rd fxev eKro<; avTOv, rd B* iuro^i, Btd ro aiTopdha'; elvai rdq ^^o^d's Kai ra? Giaoxdf ^ re TrXaro? Kal p,TjKo<i ttj<; ^wpa? 7rLa7)f; 19 kol fi^jBev ex^tv o/xolov hiaTeix^afiart, dirdari^ eari 3' avra? p,ev 6 irepiirXov^ KaraKoXTTL^opri arahiwv tct paKcaxtXlayv evvaicoaiuiv, avro^ he
6
Tf]<;

irepaia^i

rwv

'Pohieop

iyyv<i

;\;iXta)i'

teal

TrevraKoalcov.
2. ^Apxrj Be rd ^aihaXa, tt)? 'PoSta? ;j^a>/3toi/, irepwi Be ro KoKovp-evop 6po<i ^olvi^, Kal rovro T^9 'Po3ia9. TrpoKCiraL B* ^{i,Xatov(Tcra* pijao^ Biexovaa tt}? 'VoBou (xraBlov; eKarop ciKoai, fjLtra^v Be Trpoirop p,P d-rro AatBdXcop irXeovaiv

inl rrjv Bvaiv iir ev6eia<i ry k KiXiklu^ koI ria/x^fXia? Kal Au^ta? Trapa^la acoXtto? earlp evXlfiepo^, VXavKO^ KaXov/ievof;, elra rb 'Aprep.i<TLOP aKpa Kal Upop, elra ro AyjTfoop d\(To<i' vnep avrov Be Kal t?}? OaXdrri]^ ep e^ijKopra araBioi^ \^dXvpBa ^ TToXi^' elra KaTro? Kal norafio^ 7rXr](TLop KdX^i<{ ^a6u<i, ex^p elaaycoyijp, Kal
fiera^u IltatXt?. 3. "Ex^t 6' T) 7roX.t9 pecopia Kal Xtp,pa KXeiarov virepKeurai Be ri)<i iroXeax; ep vyfrei (f>povpiov
*

tls,
"

Kramer

inserts

'EAaioGo-ff-a,

Tzschucke,

so the later editors. for 'EKtovaaa ; 80 Corais and

tlie later editors.

Meineke.
'

Kd\vt'Sa,

Casaubon, for KxKvfxva; so

264

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2. 1-3

but the truth is that the whole of Lycia, towards the parts outside and on its southern side, is separated by a mountainous ridge of the Taurus from the country of the Cibyrans as far as the Peraea of the Rhodians. From here the ridge continues, but is much lower and is no longer regarded as a part of the Taurus neither are the parts outside the Taurus and this side of it so regarded, because of the fact that the eminences and depressions are scattered equally throughout the breadth and the length of the whole country, and present nothing like a wall of partition. The whole of the voyage round the coast, following the sinuosities of the gulfs, is four thousand nine hundred stadia, and merely that round the Peraea of the Rhodians is close to fifteen hundred. Peraea of the Rhodians begins with 2. The Daedala, a place in the Rhodian territory, but ends with Mt. Phoenix, as it is called, which is also in the Rhodian territory. Off the Peraea lies the island
;

Elaeussa, distant one

hundred and twenty stadia from

Rhodes. Between the two, as one sails towards the west from Daedala in a straight line with the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia and Lycia, one comes to a gulf called Glaucus, which has good harbours then then to the Artemisium, a promontory and temple to the sacred precinct of Leto, above which, and above the sea, at a distance of sixty stadia, lies Calynda, a city then to Caunus and to the Calbis, a river near Caunus, which is deep and affords passage and between the two lies for merchant vessels
; ;
;

Pisilis.

3.

The

city^ has dockyards,

can be closed.

Above the
1

city,

and a harbour that on a height, lies

265

Caunua

STRABO
^fjL^po^.
TToA-t?

Tr}?

he

xcopa^;

evBalfiovot;

ova-tj^,

17

Tov derovf; o/xoXoyeirai irapa iruvrtov eivai Bvadepof; kuI tov fMeroTrcopov Bia ra Kav^ara kui rrjp d(f)OovLav ruiv uipaiwv koI hrj kol to, roiavra
Tr}<;

Bi,r}y7]p,dTia OpvXelrai, IBcDr 7n/j.\o)<;^

<f>rj

on

')(XQ)pov<i 701)9

^rpuToviKO^i 6 KiOapi(TKavvL0u<;, tout'

elvai

to tou TronjTov'
<f)v\\fov yeret}, ron]h kol
Be, O)? (TKUiTTTOlTO

OLTj irep

dvhp&v.
'^

/J,/jL(f>Op.l^COV

aVTfp

T)

TToXt? O)?

voaepa, Kyoi, ecptj, TavTifv 9appi](TaLfj! dv Xeyeiv 652 voaepdv, ottov kol 01 veKpdi ircpi-naroixTiv ; dvi(TTtjaav Be TTore Kavvtoi rcov 'PoBlayi^'
Kpi6evT<;

direXri^driaav irdXiv KaX (TTt \6yo<; MoXcopo^i fcuTU KavvLtov. <f)aal S' avTov^i 6/jLoyXMTTOv<; p.ev elvai TOt? Kapalv, ^ Kot ')(^pr)(TdaL v6p.oi^ d^l')(dai 8* eK KprjTri<^
eirl

TOW

'Pco/xaicov

lBioi<i.

4. *E^7)<?

Be

Kol

d\(TO<:

ArjTwop'

^vaKo<; ttoXl^vt), Xi/Meva e^ouaa tTa Ad)pv/ua rrapaXia

Tpax^ia, KOL 6po<; vyjrrjXoTUTOv Tdv TavTrj' eir dxprp Be 4>povpLov op(i>vvpiOv tw opei ^olvi^' irpoKeiTai B* t) ^MXaiovaaa^ vy]ao<; eV TeTpaai <TTaBlot,<i kvkXov e^ovaa ocrop oKToyaTdBiop.
* For various conjectures, ^iri;tAf seems to be corrupt. see MQller, hid. Var. Lect., p. 1030. * avrtf), the editors (except Corals), for avrwv. * 8' iK KoTjTTji (from Herod. 1. 17*2), Corais, for 8J K/r^TT^t. * 'EXaiovo-o-a, Tzschucke, for 'EAcoOcrcra ; so Corais and

Meineke.

An attempt

to translate iirtfit\ws,

which seems to be

266

GEOGRAPHY,
fertile,

14. 2.

3-4

Imbrus, a stronghold. Although the country is the city is agreed by all to have foul air in summer, as also in autumn, because of the heat and the abundance of fruits. And indeed little tales of the following kind are repeated over and over, that Stratonicus the citharist, seeing that the Caunians were pitiably ^ pale,^ said that this was the thought of the poet in the verse, " Even as is the generation " of leaves, such is that also of men and when people complained that he was jeering at the city as though it were sickly, he replied, "Would I be so bold as to call this city sickly, where even the corpses " walk about? The Caunians once revolted from the Rhodians, but by a judicial decision of the Romans they were restored to them. And there is extant a
;

^ speech of Molon entitled Against the Caunians. It is said that they speak the same language as the Carians, but that they came from Crete and follow usages of their own.*

4. Next one comes to Physcus, a small town, which has a harbour and a sacred precinct of Leto ; and then to Loryma, a rugged coast, and to the highest mountain in that part of the country ; and on top of the mountain is Phoenix, a stronghold bearing the same name as the mountain ; and off the mountain, at a distance of four stadia, lies Elaeussa, an island,

which

is

about eight stadia in

circuit.
' '

corrupt.

Others translate the word either

somewhat " or

"very."
Or, more strictly, "pale green." * Apollonius Molon of Alabanda, the rhetorician and orator ambassador of the Rhodians at Rome (81 B.C.), and teacher of Cicero and Julius Caesar. * On their "origin, language, and usages, cf. Herodotus 1.
;

'

172.

a 67

STRABO
5.

*H
rrj

8e 7(vv 'Po8tft)i rroXi^ Keirai fiev errl rov

k(t)6ivov uKpcoTTjpLov, Xi/xaL Be

Kal

oSolff

Kal rei^etri
Toyu

Kol

dWrj KaraaKevrj roaovrov

Bia<f>epi

dXXrov, axTT ovK expfxev elnelv iripav, d\\* ovBe irdpiaov, fxr) ri y KpeiTTO) To.vrr]<; tT/*? TroXfo)?. 6av/xaaTT] Se kol t) evvo/ula kuI i) i-rrifxeXeia TTp6<; T6 Trjv dWrjv voXireLav teal rt/v irepl ra vavriKa, d<f r)<i idaXaTTOKpaT-qa-e iroXvv -xpovov koX ra Xyar^pia KadelXe kol 'Pw/taiof? iyeuero (f>{XT} Koi TO)v ^aaiXecov Tot<? ^LXopwpiaLOL<^ re koi 4>tXiXXrjaiV d<j)' oiv avTovo/xo^ re BiereXeae Kai TroWof? dvaOi^fxaaiv eKoa^7j6r}, a Kelrat rd ficp irXelara
iv
TO)

dXXoL<; TOTTot?.
a6<i,

AiovvaL<p Kal to) yvp-vaaiw, dXXa B* iv dpiara Be 6 re rov 'HXlov KoXoa6v <f)T}aiv 6 7roi7]<ra<; rb la/x^eiov, on
e-nraKL^ Bexa
\dprj<{ eTToUi 7rr]^(Dv 6 AlvBio^.

Kelrat Be vvv vtto aeia/jiov ireattiv, 'jrepiKXaa6e\<i diTo Tcop yovdrcov ovk dvearrjaav S' avjov Kara rovTo re Bt) ruiv dvadqyidrtov KpdricrTi Xoyiov,

rov (twv yoitv kind Oea^idrcov ofioXoyelrat), Kal ai rov l\pcoToyivov<i ypa<^aiy 6 re 'ldXv<To<; Kal 6
SaTU/309 'jTapeaTU)<; arvXcp, eirl Be rep arvXtp -irepBi^ (f)iaTt)KL' Trpo? hv ovrcDf; eKexvveaav, to? eoLKcVf ol dvOpwrroLy v(o<nl dvuKei^evov rov
(oar eKelvov eOav/xa^ov, 6 Be ^drvpo<; irapecopaTO, KaiJOL c<f>6Bpa KaraypOayfievo^' e^eirXriTTov S' exL fidXXov ol irepBifcoTpocpoi, KOfiiTTivaKO*;,
* '

The

go<l of

the Sun.
of

Uriknown.
of

Tutelary hero

Rhodes and reputed grandson

Helius.

268

GEOGRAPHY,
;

14. 2. 5

5. The city of the Rhodians lies on the eastern promontory of Rhodes and it is so far superior to all others in harbours and roads and walls and improvements in general that I am unable to speak of any other city as equal to it, or even as almost equal to It is remarkable also it, much less superior to it. for its good order, and for its careful attention to

the administration of affairs of state in general and to that of naval affairs, whereby it held the mastery of the sea for a long time and overthrew the business of piracy, and became a friend to the Romans and to all kings who favoured both the Romans and the Greeks. Consequently it not only has remained autonomous but also has been adorned with many votive offerings, which for the most part are to be found in the Dionysium and the gymnasium, but partly in other places. The best of these are, first, the Colossus of Helius,^ of which the author ^ of the iambic verse says, " seven times ten cubits in height, the work of Chares the Lindlan"; but it now lies on the
;

in particular

ground, having been thrown down by an earthquake and broken at the knees. In accordance with a certain oracle, the people did not raise it This, then, is the most excellent of the again.
votive offerings (at any rate, it is by common agreement one of the Seven Wonders) and there are also the paintings of Protogenes, his lalysus^ and also his Satyr, the latter standing by a pillar, on top of which stood a male partridge. And at this partridge, as would be natural, the people were so agape when the picture had only recently been set up, that they would behold him with wonder but over;

took the Satyr, although the latter was a very great

269

STRABO
^oi^Tc?

Tou? TiOaaov^

fcal

iiOevre^

KaravTiKpv'

(fiOyyovTO

yap

TT/ao? rrjv

ypat^rjv ol irephiKC^ Koi

opcov Be 6 ripcoToyet'rjf; to epyov (aX^aycoyovu. irdpepyov yeyovo^; iherjOr) tmv tov re/xez/ou? irpoe(TTci)TQ)v eiT LT pe-y^ai TrapeXdovra rou e^aXelyjrai SrjpoKyjBeU 3' elalv oi 'PoSiot, 6pvLi>, Koi 7roLrjae. KaiTTep ov Brip,OKpaTovpvoL, crvve')(ei,v S* opLO)^ C 653 0ov\6/jLvol to T(bv 7rev7]T(oi' TrXtjOo^;. aiTapx^lTai Brj 6 Bijpof; KOI ol evTTopoL Tov<; ivBeel^ virokap.-

^dvovaiv
elcTLV

6\lrQ}vi^6/jLvai,^

fill

ex^tv TTji' Kadv(TTpelv, KoX fidXiaTa tt/jo? Ta9 vavTMV Be vav<jTd6p.(i)v Tiva Kal KpvirTO, cTToXta?. Tfv Kal diroppriTa toi<; 7roXXoL<;, tcS B^ KaToiTTev(TavTL
rj

edei tlvX TrarpiOi, XeiTovpyiai re riv<; wcrd^ dp,a tov re irevrjTa BiaTpo^i^v kol ttjv ttoKlv twv '^^peiwv

TrapeXOovTL etcro) ddvaTO<i wpiaTO 17 KiivTavOa Be, cjairep ev M.a<TaaXia Kal Kv^LKM, TO. nepl tov^; dpxiTKTova^ Kal Ta<? opyavoTToiiaf; teat Oi](Tavpov<; oirXoyp T kol tS)v aXXwv iairovBacTTai BLa(pp6vTQ)<i, xal ti ye twv
t^rjfiLa.

Trap' dXXoi<; /jluXXov. 6. A&)/9/et9 B' elalv, waTrep Kal

'

AXiKapvaact^

KplBiol Kal Kmoi, ol yap Aa)pii<i ol to, Miyapa KTiaavTC'; /xeTa ttjp KoBpov TeXevTijv, ol pev fiivap avToOi, ol Bk avv WXdatfxevei t^
""

Kal

'

Apyel^
*

TTJ<;

eh

KprJTtjp diroiKla'i KOiV(ovrjaav, ol

;

6\l>(M)vi(6/xtvai

F and Corais 6}lfa>via(6nyot other MSS. Mtyapa, Xylander, for /xryaAo so the later editors.
;

* Public offices to which the richer citizens were appointed. These citizens were usually appointed by rotation, according

270

GEOGRAPHY,
success.

14.

2.

5-6

But the partridge-breeders were still more amazed, bringing their tame partridges and placing
opposite the painted partridge ; for their partridges would make their call to the painting and attract a mob of people. But when Protogenes saw that the main part of the work had become subordinate, he begged those who were in charge of the sacred precinct to permit him to go there and efface the partridge, and so he did. The Rhodians are concerned for the people in general, although their rule is not democratic ; still, they wish to take care of their multitude of poor people. Accordingly, the people are supplied with provisions and the needy are supported by the wellto-do, by a certain ancestral custom and there are certain liturgies^ that supply provisions, so that at the same time the poor man receives his sustenance and the city does not run short of useful men, and in particular for the manning of the fleets. As for the roadsteads, some of them were kept hidden and forbidden to the people in general ; and death wa the penalty for any person who spied on them or passed inside them. And here too, as in Massalia and Cyzicus, everything relating to the architects, the manufacture of instruments of war, and the stores of arms and everything else are objects of ex;

them

ceptional care,
6.

and even more

so than

anywhere

else.

and

like the people of Halicarnassus Cnidus and Cos, are Dorians ; for of the Dorians

The Rhodians,

who founded Megara

after

the death of Codrus,

some remained there, others took part with Althaemenes the Argive in the colonisation of Crete, and
to their wealth, aud they personally paid all the expenses connected with their offices.

371.

STRABO
5* 6t9 rrjv 'FoBov koX ra? XexO^iaa^ aprLeo<; iroXei^ ravra 8e vecorepa r(ov v(f> ^OfiTjpov e^iepiadrjaav. Xeyofxevayv eari' Ki/t^o? fxev yap koI 'AXiKapvaao^

ovB*
v(f)'

Tjv

TTCDy

'Po5o9

8'

^v Kul Kw?, aXX,' (pKelro

'UpaKXeiBcjv.

TX.7;7roXe/i09 fiev ovv

avBpay

eeU
avTiKa
^Btj

7raTpo<; eoio <f>iXov /jLtjrpcoa

KmexTa

yrjpdaKovra, Klkvixvlov. alyjra Be prja<i eTrtj^e, iroXvv 8' o 76 Xaov dyeCpa^

firj <f)vya)v.

eLTa
et?

(f)r](Tiv'

'P6B0V l^ev

dX(o/ivo<i,

rpixOd Be
Koi ra^

(pKr)dv Kara<f>vXaB6v.

TToXei^i opofid^ec Td<; Tore,

KivBov, ^l7)Xva6v re xal dpyipoevra Kdfieipov,

Tr}9 *FoBlci)v 7roX,a)9 ovTrco
Br)

avvwKKTiiivT}^.

ovBafiov
el^

ivravOa

A(i)piea<:

ovo/xd^et,

dXX*

dpa

^ KaroiKLa rov 'ilpaKXeov; Kal rov Aikv/jlvIov el B wairep koX dXXoL ^aaiv, i^ "Apyov^ Kal
i/jL<f>aLVc

AloXea<;

koX

Bofct)TOV9,

etirep

e/tet

Tipvv6o<; dirrfpev 6 TXi]7r6Xp,o<i, ovB' ovro) AcopiKT) yiverai t) ercelOev dTroiKia' irpo yap TTJ<i ^HpaxXeiBcjv KaOoBov yeyevrjrai. Kal rdv Ka'o)!/ hk

^eaaaXov
epif^aivovre^.

^eiBiTnrof; re Kal''AvTL<f)0<; rjyrjadaOrjv, vie Bv(o 'WpaKXeiBao dvaKro<{'

rj

Kal ovTOL TO AloXiKoi^ /xdXXov

to AcopiKOV yevo<i

7, 'E/va\etTO 8* T) *PoSo9 irporepov ^Ocfxovaaa Kal XraBla, elra TeX^ivl^, diro tojp olKfjcrdurwv 273

GEOGRAPHY,
just

14. 2.

6-7

others were distributed to Rhodes and to the cities now mentioned. But these events are later than those mentioned by Homer, for Cnidus and Halicarnassus were not yet in existence, although Rhodes and Cos were but they were inhabited by Heracleidae. Now when Tlepolemus had grown to manhood, " he forthwith slew his own father's dear uncle, Licymnius, who was then growing old ;
;

and straightway he built him ships, and when he had gathered together a great host he went in ^ The poet then adds, " he came to Rhodes flight." in his wanderings, where his people settled in three divisions by tribes" and he names the cities of that " time, Lindus, lalysus, and Cameirus white with
;

chalk,"

been founded.

the city of the Rhodians having not yet The poet, then, nowhere mentions Dorians by name here, but perhaps indicates Aeolians and Boeotians, if it be true that Heracles and

But if, as others say, Licymnius settled there. Tlepolemus set forth from Argos and Tiryns, even so the colonisation thence could not have been Dorian, for it must have taken place before the
return of the Heracleidae.

And

of the Coans, also.

Homer

says,

"these were led by Pheidippus and

Antiphus, the two sons of lord Thessalus, son of Heracles'';^ and these names indicate the Aeolian stock of people rather than the Dorian. 7. In earlier times Rhodes was called Ophiussa and Stadia, and then Telchinis, after the Telchines,
1

Iliad 2. 662.

Iliad

2.

656.

Iliad 2. 678.

ely

Corals, for

fj.

273

STRABO
C 654 TeX^tVwi/
Koi
t^i; vrja-ov

ou? ol fiev ^aaKavov^

^

<f>a(Tl

to ttj<; Karappalvovra^ Stuyo? vSayp l^awv re Kal (f)VTMv bXeOpov \dpi,v' ol he Te)(yai'i Btacf)epovra<{ roviavriov utto twi/
yorjra'^,
fcal t^9 8va-(f>tifila^ avTLre-)(ywv ^aaKavdrjvai rv)(elv Tavrrjf;' iXOelv 6' K K/ot^tt?? t9 Kinrpop TTpcoTov, elr eh 'VoBov vryocoTOf? 8' epydcrafrOai

deim

a-lBijpov

re Kal ')(^a\K6v,
BT)/xioupy}}(Tai.

xal

rw Kpovfp

irporepov irepX avrwv, dvaKafx^dveiv irdXiv dva7r\7}povvra<;,

\L7ro/j.ev.

dWa

eipyjrai

koI rrjv apiTrjV fxev ovv xal iroiel ro rrroXvfivdov

Btj

ei

ri irape-

8. Merd Be rov<; TeXx^ua^; at '[iXidBat pivdevovrai Kara(T)(eLv rijv prjcrou, wv v6<i KepKd<f)ov Kal iralBa^ rov<i rd<!: TroXet? KvBL7r7rrj<i yeveaSai Kriaavra<i eircovvpLov^ aurcov,

AivBov ^hfXvcTov re Kal upyiuoevra Kdfietpov'

evLoi

Be

rov ^rXrjTroXe/jLOV
Ofiayvv/jLO)^

Kriaai

<f>a(Ti,

Bead at

Be

rd ovofiara
0.

rcov

Aavaov dvyarepwv
Kara rd FleXodpy^LreKrovo^;, w?
ov
<TVfji/j,evL

TLCTLV.

'H ^e vvv
viro
ii(f>'

TToXi's

eKrla-dt]

TTOvvrjaiaKd
<f)acnv,

rov

avrov

ov Kal 6

\letpaiev<;'

8'

Yleipaiev';,

KaK(oOei<i

Trporepov

rwv rd

vno re AaKeBaifioPLWi' vno cTKeXrj KadeXovrwv Kal

^vXXa rov 'Pco/jiauov

i)yp6vo^. 10. 'iaropovai Be Kal ravra irepl

rwv

'PoBlcov,
rr}v

on
*

ov
0f/(i^

fjLovou

d(f)'

ov XP^fOv avvtoKLaav
Meineke

vvv

and Forbiger so

(aiilphur) is strongly suspected. translates.

conj. ^doVy,

274

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

7-10

who took up their abode in the island. Some say " that the Telchines are " maligners and "sorcerers," who pour the water of the Styx mixed with sulphur^ upon animals and plants in order to destroy them. But others, on the contrary, say that since they excelled in workmanship they were '^maligned" by rival workmen and thus received their bad reputaand that they first came from Crete to tion Cypres, and then to Rhodes ; and that they were the first to work iron and brass, and in fact fabriNow I have already cated the scythe for Cronus. described them before,^ but the number of the myths about them causes me to resume their de;

scription, filling up the gaps, if I have omitted anything. 8. After the Telchines, the Heliadae, according to the mythical story, took possession of the island ; and to one of these, Cercaphus, and to his wife Cydippe, were born children who founded the cities that are named after them, " Lindus, lalysus, and Cameirus white with chalk." But some say that Tlepolemus founded them and gave them the same names as those of certain daughters of Danaus. 9. The present city was founded at the time of the Peloponnesian War by the same architect, as they But the Peiraeus say, who founded the Peiraeus.

no longer endures, since it was badly damaged, first by the Lacedaemonians, who tore down the two walls, and later by Sulla, the Roman commander. 10. It is also related of the Rhodians that they have been prosperous by sea, not merely since the
1

See critical note.

Karoppalvovras

10. 3, 7, 19.

'

moxz

Karappeopras other

MSS.

STRABO
TToXiv
rrj<;

evTvxovv Kara ddXarrav, aXXk xal irpo

Oeaeax;
(tvxvoI<; ereaiv eirXeop awTi^pia rcov avd pda-rrcov ^\^r]pia<i eirXevcrav, kukcl /xev

^0\vfM7nK7'}<;

TToppco tt)? OLKeta^

d4>
rrjv

em

ou Kol P'xpt' 'PoBov^ eKTiaai',

rjp

varepov ^laaaaKiwTai,

Ka-rkayoVy ev he roU ^OttikoU ttjv Wapdevoirrjv, ev he AavvLoi<; fxera KaJwv *E\7rta9. rive^ he fjieTa T7JV K TpoLa<i d<^ohov ra? Vvfivrjata^ vqaov^i VTT avTcov KTiaOrjvat, \eyovcnv, wv ttjv /jlcl^o) <f)ria-l
Tl/jluio^;

fieylaTijv

elvai,

fxerd ra? evrra, "^apho),

XiKeXlav,

Aea^ov,
fiei^ov;.

KvTTpov, Kptjrrjv, FiV^oiav, Kvpvov, ov rdXi^Oi) Xejfov ttoXv yap aXXat (f)acrl he tou? yvfjLV7]Ta<: vtto ^oivitcwv

hioTi Td<i ^aXeapLhai; XeyeaOai, Tv/xvijaia^ 3aXaplha<; X)(^drji/ai.^ tiv<: he ra>v ^Pohlroi/ Kol irepl ^v^apLv wKr^aav Kara ttjv Xwi'Lav. eoiKC he KOL 6 TToiyjTT]^ /Maprvpeiv ttjv k jraXatov

napovaav

tol<; 'PoSt'of?

irpcoTTj'; KTLaeco<;

twv

evhaip^oviav evOv^ diro t^9 Tpicov TroXecDV

Tpix^^ ^e (pKTjdev KaTa<f)vXah6v, ^8* <f)CXr)dv K Afo?, oaTc OeolcTL KoX dvdpwTTOLCLv dvacaei,
Kai
(T<f)iv

C 655

01

8'

ei9

deaireaiov ttXovtov KUTe^cve Kpovlcov. fivdov dvrjyayov to eTTO? Koi ^pytroi/

ev hk
tj}

vad^val
yevecTLV

<\>a(TLv

vTJafo

kut^

ttjv
ci)9

*Adrjva<^
eXpijKC

ck

t^9
TJ

Ke4>ciXrj<;

tov

Alo^,
ex^t

TlLvhapo<i.

vy(TO<;

kvkXov

CTahioiv

evvaKoa'iwv eiKoaiv.
^

On

'p6Sov

(which Meineke emends to

'P<J5i7'),

tee Vol. 11,

p. 92, footnote 2. <paal St . . . Xtx9rjvai,

Meineke
"

ejects.

Cf. 3. 4. 8.

Light-armed foot-soldiers."

276

GEOGRAPHY,
time even

14. 2.

10

when they founded the present city, but that many years before the establisliment of the Olympian Games they used to sail far away from

homeland to insure the safety of their people. Since that time, also, they have sailed as far as Iberia; and there they founded Rhodes,^ of which the Massaliotes later took possession among the Opici they founded Parthenope and among the Daunians Some they, along with the Coans, founded Elpiae. say that the islands called the Gymnesiae were
their
; ;

founded by them after their departure from Troy and the larger of these, according to Timaeus, is the Sardinia, Sicily, largest of all islands after the seven Cypros, Crete, Euboea, Cyrnos, and Lesbos, but this
;

It is untrue, for there are others much larger. " that "gymnetes"^ are called " balearides ^ by the Phoenicians, and that on this account the Some of the Gymnesiae were called Balearides. Rhodians took up their abode round Sybaris in The poet, too, seems to bear witness to Chonia. the prosperity enjoyed by the Rhodians from ancient times, forthwith from the first founding of the three " and there his * cities people settled in three divisions by tribes, and were loved of Zeus, who is lord over gods and men ; and upon them wondrous wealth was shed by the son of Cronus." ^ Other writers refer these verses to a myth, and say that gold rained on the island at the time when Athena was born from the head of Zeus, as Pindar ^ states. The island has a circuit of nine hundred and twenty
is

said

stadia.
^

Also spelled "baliarides" (see Referring to Heracles.

3. 5. 1).
*

Iliad

2.

668.

Olympian Odes

7. 61.

277

STRABO
11. "ILart
TToXeo)?

Be

irpMrrj

fiep

AtVSo?

air 6

rrjs

irXeovcnv ev Be^id )(ov(Tl rrjv prjaov, TToXf? eVt 6pov<; iBpufievr}, ttoXv tt/jo? fiearj^^plap avareivovaa koX irpo^ WXe^dvhpeiav fiaXtara' lepov Be iariv ^AOrjvd^ AivBia<i avroOi 'TrL<f>ape<;,
irporepov fiep ovv Kad^ iBpvfia. erroXiTevovTO oi AlvBtoi, Kaddirep Kal Ka/iieipeh koX ^lakvaLoi, /jLcra ravra Be (Tvvij\6ov evrevOtv 8' ecTiv et? tu)v diravTe^ et? ry-jv 'VoBov.
rSiv AavaiB(Dv

avrov<;

eTTTCL (TO(^S)v,

KXe6^ov\o<;.

12. pLOv.
etT*

Mera

Be AivBov '\^la ')((opLOV xal Mvaavel6* 6 'Ara/Si'/Jt?, 6po<i roiv evraifda vyjrij'

Xorarov, lepov Ai6<;

'laX-fao?
Kco/ir),

Wra^vpiov

elra Ka/it/>o?* koX virep avTrjv uKpoiroXU

etrriv 'Op^upw/xa Kokovfievi]' eld' r} rwif ToBleov TToXi? ev 6yBo7)Kovrd rrov aTuBlof!. /xera^v 3'

earl

to ^ouptlov, uKTtj
'^iropaBe^i
at

Tt<i,

^9

^dXiara npoXaXKiav,
ojv

fceLvrat at
/jLV7](t07}/jLV

Trepl

rrjv

TTpOTepOV.

13. "AvBpei; 8* eyevopro /ji,VTjfit]<; a^ioi ttoXXoI aTparrjXdrai re Kal dOXijral, top eial xal ol Wavairiov tov <f>iXocr6(l)ov Trpuyovor ruiv Be TToXiriKcov Kal rcov Trepl X6yov<; koI <f)iXoao(f)Lap^

6
^

re

Tlavalrio<i

avTb<;

Kal

'^rparoKXrj<i

Kal

ApBpopiKO^ 6 K T(OP ireptirdraiP Kal Aeu>piBi)<i Be irporepop llpa^i<f>dpr)<i Kal 6 arwiKO^' en

'

lep(opvfjLO<;

Kal
fxep

XtrevaaTo
6'

Kal effofpiarevaev, ^p 'ATra/xevv k t^9 Xvpla^, KaOdirep xal 'AttoX^

EvBrjfxo^. ep 'PoBo)

TloaeiB(opio<;

8*

eiro-

<pi\oao(play, Corais, for <pi\oaoplat

so Meineke.

278

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

11-13

11. As one sails from the city, with the island on the right, one comes first to Lindus, a city situated on a mountain and extending far towards the south and approximately towards Alexandria.^ In Lindus there is a famous temple of Athena Lindia, founded by Now in earlier times the the daughters of DanJius. Lindians were under a separate government of their own, as were also the Cameiriaiis and the Jalysians, but after this they all came together at Rhodes. Cleobulus, one of the Seven Wise Men, was a native of Lindus. 12. After Lindus one comes to Ixia, a stronghold, and to Mnasyrium ; then to Atabyris, the highest of the mountains there, which is sacred to Zeus Atabyrius ; then to Cameirus ; then to lalysus, a village, above which there is an acropolis called Ochyroma then to the city of the Rhodians, at a Between these lies distance of about eighty stadia. Thoantium, a kind of promontory and it is off Thoantium, generally speaking, that Chalcia and the Sporades in the neighbourhood of Chalcia lie, which
;
;

have mentioned before.^

13. Many men worthy of mention were native Rhodians, both commanders and athletes, among whom were the ancestors of Panaetius the philo; and, among statesmen and rhetoricians and philosophers, Panaetius himself and Stratocles and Andronicus, one of the Peripatetics, and Leonides the Stoic ; and also, before their time, Praxiphanes

sopher

and Hieronymus and Eudemus. Poseidonius engaged in affairs of state in Rhodes and taught there, although he was a native of Apameia in Syria, as
^

lie

According to Strabo on the same meridian.

(1. 4. 1 ff.),

Rhodes and Alexandria

'

10. 5. 14.

279

STRABO
\(i)iHO<;

Ma\afcb<;
he

kol

MoXwr*
fiadfjral

r^aav

yhp

^AXa^avBtU, WevcKXeov^
iTrehrjfiriae

rov prfTopo^.

r}Kv
oyjre 5' 6

MoXfoi;,

fioXcov,
rr)V

irpojepov 'ATToWwi'to?, 6-^k 5* Koi <f)r) 7rpo<i avTOP CKelvo^' avrl rov iX6a)V kul WelaavBpo^

^HpaKXeiav
6

Koi KaO^
6

'^ip,fxia^
i)/id<;'

'ypdy^ra^ 7roLi]ri}<i 'PoBio^, ypafXfjLaTiKo^ koI ^ApL(TTOK\rj<i 6 Aiovvcno<; Be 6 ^pa,^ fcal \iToWa)Vio*i
'

701/9

^Apyovavra^
Be
etprjTai.

e/caXovPTo
')(^p(ovT(M><i

7roL7Jaa<;, A\^avBpei<; /xev, '1*6Biol. irepl fiev *P63ou airo-

14.

UdXiv
rrfv

Be

Tr](i

fierd

'PoBov,
KafiTTTjjp

KapiKr}<i 7rapa\La<i aTTO 'E\ovvto<; Kai

Tt?

Ti}?

ruyp

A(i)pv/x(t)P,

eVl
6

ra<!

Kal

XoLTTov

eV
0)9

evOeia^

ttXoi)?

apKTOv^ earl, ^^xpt t^?

TLPU
fj

UpOTTOVTiBo^,
ypafjLfjL7)P

aP

^(TT]/JL^plP1]P

TTOlftiP

ocrop irepTaKLcy^LXUtiP (rTaBicop

fitKpop

epravda B' <ttIp i) Xoittij t}9 diroXeiTTOvaap. Kaplan; kul "layvef; Kal AloXei<; /cal Tpola Kal TO, Trepl Kv^iKop Kal Bv^uptiop. fiera 5' ovp C56 TO. Aa>pvfjLa to Kvpo^i arip,d earl Kal ^Vfirj
prjao<i.

15. Klra KpiBofi, Bvo Xip-epa^ exovaa, cap top erepov KXeicrrop TpifjpiKop Kal pavaraflpMv pavtrlp eiKoci. TrpoKeiraL Be^ vf)ao<; 7rTa(TTdBi6<; 7ra)9
Tr)p 7rpl/xeTpop,vyln]X'^,0aTpoiBij<{, avpaiTTop.epr)
')((it)lxa(TL

Trpo'i

Trjp
*

rjircipop

Kal Trotovca BiiroXiv

8'
ri

8^, Coraia, for

*
'

He taught rhetoric at Rhodes about 120 ApoUoniua Molon (see 14. 2 3), Natives of Alabanda Id Caria.

B.C.

280

GEOGRAPHY,
was
also

14. 2.

13-15

the case with Apollonius Malacus^ and they were Alabandians,^ pupils ot Menecles the orator. Apollonius Malacus began his sojourn there earlier than Molon, and when, much later, Molon came, the former said to him, "you are " " a late ' molon,' * instead of saying, " late ' elthon.' ^ And Peisander the poet, who wrote the Heracleia, was also a Rhodian and so was Simmias the gramAnd marian, as also Aristocles of my own time. Dionysius the Thracian and the Apollonius who wiote the Argonauts, though Alexandrians, were called Rhodians. As for Rhodes, 1 have said enough about it. that comes after 14. As for the Carian coast Rhodes, beginning at Eleus and Lory ma, it bends sharply back towards the north, and the voyage thereafter runs in a straight line as far as the Propontis, forming, as it were, a meridian line about five thousand stadia long, or slightly short of that distance. Along this line is situated the remainder of Caria, as are also the lonians and the Aeolians and Troy and the parts round Cyzicus and Byzantium. After Loryma, then, one comes to Cynos-Sema*
Molon,^
for
;

and to Syme, an
15.

island.

to Cnidus, with two harbours, one of which can be closed, can receive triremes, and is a Off it lies an island naval station for twenty ships. which is approximately seven stadia in circuit, rises

Then

high,
*
^

is

theatre-like,

is

connected by moles with the

the word-play).
for

"Molon" means "comer" (note "Elthon" is the common word

is
.

"comer," whereas

poetic and comparatively rare. Cape Volpo. Cf the reference to the Cynos-Sema at the entrance of the Hellespont, Vol. Ill, p. 377, Frag. 55.

the other

VOL. VI.

2^^

STRABO
rpoTTOv riv^ rrjv l^vlSov ttoXu OLKCI TTJV VTjdOV, (TKeTTCL^OVaaV
\ifiva<i.

yhp

avrrj*; fiepo^

a/J,(f)OTpOV<;

T0U9

Kar ainr)v

5'

ia-rlv

r)

Niavpo^; TreXayla.

dvSpe<; 5' a^ioXoyoi KvlBioi irpooTOv p.ev EySofo? fiadrjixaTLKOSy tcjp HXuTcovof; eraCpoyp, etr
'AyaOap)(^LBr]<i 6
ypa<f)6v<i,

ck rwv TrepLirdrcoi', aprjp

avy-

KaO'

rj/xa^

Tov eoO <^t\o9 u/o? ^ApTfiiBa)po(;.

Be SeoirofMiro*;, 6 Kaiaapo'i Ta>p fieydXa Bvpafxivoyv, xal

ivrevOep Be koI KrrjaLa<; 6 larpevaa^ fiep 'Apra^ep^Tjp, (Tvyypd'^a<i Be ra elra /lera K.plBop Aa(TvpLKa Kol ra llepaiKci.
'

Kepa/io? Kol Bapyaaa TToXiypia virkp dakdrrrj^;. 16, Et^' AXiKappaco^;, ro fiaaiXeLOP rwp rij^ Kaplan; Bvpaaroyvy Z(f>vpa^ KaXovfieptj Trporepop. epravOa 8' earip 6 re tov MaixrcoXov Ta<^o9,^
ro)p

eiTTa

Oeafidrayp,

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rj

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T^ dpBpl KareaKBvaae, koL

Bia^e^Xy^fievr],
Toi/? TTioiTaf;

'Aprefxicia XaXfiaKl<i Kptjprj,

ovk

olB'

an

avTrj<i.

oiroOev, ou? /xaXaKL^ovaa eotKe S' tJ Tpvi^rj rSyp

dpd pooTTCdP aLTidaOai toi/? depa^i rf tcl vBara' B' aiTia ov ravra, dXXci ttXoOto? koX rj irepl rd<; BiaiTa^ aKoXaaia. ex^t, B* aKpo-noXip
Tpv^rj^
*

5' auT7]<; i} 'Apxopiyepopjo aXXoi re Koi ^'Ap6r]<; fiercL Tpot^ijvicDv. dpBpe^i Be yeyopatrtp e^ avTrj<i 'HpoBoro^ re 6 a vyy pa<j>v^ op varepop Sovptop CKdXeaap Bid ro Koipcopijcrat rij<; 6t?
Tf

AXiKappaao^'

irpoKeLrat
avT7J<i

prjao^;.

ocKiaTal

8'

Steplianus (j.7'. 'A\tKaf>ya<r(T6s) ppells the name Zt^vpla; po Meineke reads. * Before twk Coraia ami Meineke, following the Epitome, insert tp. ^ Cocais conjecturca tliat i'<6wa has fallen out after fpyor ;

282

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

15-16

mainland^ and in a way makes Cnidus a double city, for a large part of its people live on the island, which shelters both harbours. Opposite it, in the high Notable Cnidians were first, sea, is Nisyrus. Eudoxus the mathematician, one of the comrades of Plato ; then Agatharchides, one of the Peripa:

tetics,

a historian and, in my own time, Theopompus, the friend of the deified Caesar, being a man of great influence with him, and his son Artemidorus. Thence, also, came Ctes^ias, who served Artaxerxes as physician and wrote the works entitled Assyiica and Persica. Then, after Cnidus, one comes to Ceramus and Bargasa, small towns situated above the sea.
;

16. Then to Halicarnassus, the royal residence of the dynasts of Caria, which was formerly called Zephyra. Here is the tomb of Mausolus,^ one of the Seven Wonders, a monument erected by Arteand here is the misia in honour of her husband fountain called Salmaci*:, which has the slanderous repute, for what reason I do not know, of making It seems that effeminate all who drink from it. the effeminacy of man is laid to the charge of the air or of the water yet it is not these, but rather riches and wanton living, that are the cause of and Halicarnassus has an acropolis effeminacy. Its colonisers were, off the city lies Arconnesus. among others, Anthes and a number of Troezenians. Natives of Halicarnassus have been Herodotus the historian, whom they later called a Thurian, because
; ;
;
:

Hence "mausoleum."
t^xvitwv.

Groskurd,
before

2,i(6va Ka\

Meineke indicates a lacuna

iy-yov,

conjecturing

Qavfj-acrSv.

283

STRABO
^ovpiov<! diroLKLa^;, kol 'H/3aXetTo? o TroirjTij^, 6 KaWi/JLci-^ov eratpo'i, fcal KaS" rjfia^ Aiovvaio^
6 (Tvyypa<f>v<;.
rj TroXt? ^ia Xrj^elaa AXe^dvhpov. 'EiKaTOfxvcoyap rov Kapcov ^aat\eo)(; rjaav viol rpel^;, MaucrojXo? fcal '\Bpiv<i fcal

17. "E7rTat(7 5e kuI aurrj ^

VTTo

Ui^coBapof;, Koi Ovyarepef; Bvo, a)v

ttj

trpea^vrepa
"*

*AprfjLi(TLa MavacoXoi; avvMKy](Tei>,6 irpea^vTaTO^ Tcov dBeX^cov, 6 Bk Bevrepo^i 'lBpiev<: ABa, t^

krepa
rCiV
v(f)^

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8'
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drcfcvo^ ttjv dp^rjv KaTeXnre ttj yvraiKi,

auTw KareafcevdaOij
B*

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<f)OL(T(>

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Bid irevBo^ rov

i)

dvBpo^y

'IBpiev^ rjp^e' koX tovtov

yvprj

"A 5a

BieBe^UTO

vodfp reXevrrjaavTa' t'^/9a\e Bk ravrrjv IIt^a)8aXotTTO? TOiV 'EKarofMva) iralBcov. 357 P*^*** irepaiaa^ Bk /JLeraTre/xTrerai aarpdirrjv iirl Koivwvia Trj<; direXdovro^ 8' e< rov ^y]v kcu tovtov, dp)(^fj<;'
'

KUTeixcv
66i'T0<i
^'

aaTpdirrj^t
*

Trjv

XXiKapvaaov eVcXvnkfieivep,
rjv

Bk

AXe^dvBpov, TroXLopxlav
r]TL<i

ex<tyv
*

ABav yvvtUKa,

OvyuTrjp

Ili^<oBupov

Bk A^vqiBo^, Ka7r7raBoKlaayj<i yuvaiKO'^. 7) Tov 'EKaTOfMVd) OvyuTTjp "A 8a, rjv 6 lU^oiSapo? * i^e^aXev, iKCTevec tov AXe^avBpov Kal Trctd^c* KUTdyeip avTTjv ei? t7]v d<^aip0eladv ^aaiXeiav, VTTO(T)(opivr) iirl tu d<f>(TT(t)Ta avfiTTpd^eip avT^*

i^

Tovs:

ydp

e-)(0VTa^

rrapeBlBov Bk Kal
avTTj'
7raii'(Ta<;

BiTpi0P Bk kol ^aalXiaaau dvaBel^a^,

<p

tu

olkIov<; "

v'Trdp)(i,p

avTrj'

AXtpBa, iv

dXovat]^
T^p),

t/}?

iroXecof;

^iXTJp tt}?

UKpa^

{Bltttj

B*

eKeipTj

TToXiopKelv

eBtoKCP

kdXw Be

oXlyrp

284

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

16-17
;

he took part in the colonisation of Thurii and Heracleitus the poet, the comrade of Callimachus

and, in my time, Dionj'sius the historian. 17. This city, too, met a reverse when it was forcibly For Hecatomnus, the king of seized by Alexander. the Carians, had three sons, Mausolus and Hidrieus

and Pixodarus, and two daughters. Mausolus, the eldest of the brothers, married Artemisia, the elder of the daughters, and Hidrieus, the second son, married Ada, the other sister. Mausolus became king and at last, childless, he left the empire to his wife, by whom the above-mentioned tomb was erected. But she pined away and died through grief for her husband, and Hidrieus then became ruler. He died from a disease and was succeeded by his wife Ada but she was banished by Pixodarus, the remaining son of Hecatomnos. Having espoused the side of the Persians, he sent for a satrap to share the empire with him; and when he too departed from And life, the satrap took possession of Halicarnassus. when Alexander came over, the satrap sustained a His wife was Ada, who was the daughter of siege. But Pixodarus by Aphenis, a Cappadocian woman. Ada, the daughter of Hecatomnos, whom Pixodarus had banished, entreated Alexander and persuaded him to restore her to the kingdom of which she had been deprived, having promised to co-operate with him against the parts of the country which were in revolt, for those who held these parts, she said, were her own relations and she also gave over to him He assented Alinda, where she herself was residing. and appointed her queen and when the city, except the acropolis (it was a double city), had been captured, he assigned to her the siege of the acro;

285

STRABO
^ varepov koI 17 aKpa, Trpo? opyrjv rjBrj /cat direX' deiav Tf/9 'Tro\topKLa<; 'yevopievT)^. 18. 'E^?)? 8' iarlv aKpa Tepfiepiov MwSiwj/,

Ara^' ^t*

auTLKetTat, tt}?

KoJa?

a/tf/)a

^KavBapta,

hie)(ovaa rri<i ^irecpov arahiov<i TCTTapciKOVTa' ean he KaX x^P^^^ Tepfiepov virep t)9 Kr/a?. Be Tuiv 19. 'H KwoJi' TToXt? eVaXetro to ^ TvaXaiov AcnvrraXaia, teal (vkcIto iv dWfi> TOTT^) 6/jLola)<; ivl OaXdrTTj- eiretra Bia <nd<nv fjLTa>K7}crap el<i rrjv vvv ttoXiv irepl ro ^KavBdpiov,^ KOi /JLT(Ov6fJLacraV KcOV OfXCDVVfMCO^ T^ Vtj(T(fi. 1) pLV ovv 7ro\t9 ov fieydXtj, KaWcara Be iraaSiv Kai IBecxOai toU KaraTrKeovtnv <7Vv(pKi,a/j,vr) Be vtjaov to p.eye6o^ oanv irevrjBLarrj. Trj<; raKoatcov crraBlcov Kal Trevri'jKouTa' evfcapiro*; Be irdaa, olvw Be Ka\ dpiarr), KaOdtrep Xio^ xal Aea^o^' e^^i Be irpo^ votov p.ev dxpav rop
AaKTjjrjpa, a</>* ov e^i'^KOvra et? Slcrvpov (tt/oo? ' Bk AaKijTTJpi AXicrapva), diro T(fi x^piov^ Bvo'eeo'i Be to ^peicavov Kal Kayfitjv Ka\ovp,evt)v

tovto p,ev ovv ocrov BiaKoaiovi BUyet araBiov^i' 6 Be AaKr)rr)p 7rpocrXafM/3dvi TrevTe Kal TpiuKOVTa t^ fiyjxet Tov ttXov. ev Be Ta> irpoaaieiu} to AaKX7)Tnel6v
^TOfiaXifivrjv
Trf<s

TToXecot

acjioBpa evBo^ov Kal iroXXcoi/ dvaO'qp.dTOiv Kal 6 ^AireXXov fxecTTOv lepov,* ev 0I9 ccttI 'AvTiyova. Tjv Be Kal q dvaBvofievrj *A<f>poBlTif,
<TTi,
*

The MSS.
;

rea<l iKlycf 8' Ca-rtpov. %KavSit)iov, Tzscluickc, for :iKdfia\oy E, SkocS^Aiok

othw

MSS

so the later editors.

X**'P'<'*'

AaKijrvpi later editors.

Corais, for tiaKrryr-qplt^

X'^c^V

'

^^ ^^*

a86

GEOGRAPHY,
polls.

14. 2.

17-19

This too Was captured a little later^ the siege having now become a matter of anger and personal enmity. 18. Next one comes to a promontory, Termerium, belonging to the Myndians, opposite which lies
Scandaria, a promontory of Cos, forty stadia distant from the mainland. And there is a place called Termerum above the promontory of Cos. 19. The city of the Coans was in ancient times and its people lived on another called Astypalaea And then, on site, which was likewise on the sea. account of a sedition, they changed their abode to the present city, near Scandarium, and changed the name to Cos, the same as that of the island. Now the city is not large, but it is the most beautifully settled of all, and is most pleasing to behold as one The size ^ of sails from the high sea to its shore. It the island is about five hundred and fifty stadia. is everywhere well supplied with fruits, but like Chios and Lesbos it is best in respect to its wine. Towards the south it has a promontory, Laceter, whence the distance to Nisyros is sixty stadia (but near Laceter there is a place called Halisarna), and on the west it has Drecanum and a village called Now Drecanum is about two hundred Storaalimne. stadia distant from the city, but Laceter adds thirtyIn the five stadia to the length of the voyage. suburb is the Asclepieium, a temple exceedingly famous and full of numerous votive offerings, among which is the Antigonus of Apelles. And Aphrodite
;

i.e,

the circuit.

UfiSv is

perhaps rightly omitted by

F and

Meineke.

287

STRABO
vvv avcLKeLTai r(p deSt Kalaapt iv 'Pco/iiy, Tov 'ZejSacTTOv ava6evTo<i rtp irarpX tt)p ap'^rfyeriv Tov 'yevov^i avrov' (fiaal Se rol^ Kcoot? dvrl rrj^ CKarop raXdvrcov d(f)<Tiv yeveadai tov ypa(f>f]<i
fj

5' <f>aa\ irpoaraxOevTO^ <f)6pov. 'iTnroKpdTfjv fidXiara iK rSiv ivravda dvuKCip^pcop Oepaireicav yvfxpdaaaOaL rd nepl xa? BiaCTa<i' outo? t Si; eoTTi roiP ipBo^cop Kcuo? dpijp koI St/xo? o larpo^, ^iXrjTd'; re ironjrr)^ dfia kuI KpLTiKo^, Koi Kaff" C 653 v/ia? Nt/tta? o Ka\ rvpappjjaa^i Kwcop, Koi ^AplaTcop 6 uKpoaadp^po^ tov irepnraTrjTiKov Kal KXrjpopofiijaa^; ixelpop' ^p Be kul ^cofjLvrjaTO^ 6 ylrdXTTj^ P opofiaTit o? kol dpTeiroXiTevaaTo
Tft)

Nt/fta.

TT) nrapaXla Trj<; tjireipov xaTd ttjv M-UpBiap ^AaTVTrdXaid ^ iaTip aKpa Koi Z<f>vpiop' eZr' v6v<; -q yivpBo^, Xifiepa e;^oi'<ra, Kal ficTCi TavTfjp ^apyvXiaf koI avTi] TroXt?' ep Be t^ fjLTa^if KapvapBa XLjxijp kol prjao^ o/xdypvfxoft,^ ePTCvdep 8' ^p Kal S/uXaf fjp (pKovp KapvapBei^. o TraXato? avyypa(f>ev<i. irXTjaCop 5' eVrl tmv BapyvXlcop to t^? 'A/ore/itSo? lepop Trj<i KtpBvdBo^, o ircTTiaTevKaai irepiveaOai' yp Be ttotc kuI

20. 'Ei/ Be

X<i>pt^op

K.ipBvT).
tjp

K
6

Be

Tcop

hapyvXlcap dprjp
l]p(i)Tapxo<;

eXXoyi/xa
yopevdevTO^.

'K7rLKovpio<i

ArjfjLijTplov Ka6rjy7jad^PO<i

tov AdKoypo^ irpoaa-

* 'KarvwdKaia, the editors, for 'AiTTuiroXf/a E, 'KffrxnraXia other MSS. ravTT]. after dfivyv/ios, is omitted by F and by Stephanus
"^

{s.v.

KapiaySa).
^

Emerging from the

sea.

288

GEOGRAPHY,
Anadyomen6^ used

14. 2.

19-20

to be there,^ but it is now dedicated to the deified Caesar in Rome, Augustus thus having dedicated to his father the female founder of his family. It is said that the Coans got a remission of one hundred talents of the appointed And it is said tribute in return for the painting. that the dietetics practised by Hippocrates were derived mostly from the cures recorded on the votive tablets there. He, then, is one of the famous men from Cos and so is Simus the physician as also Philetas, at the same time poet and critic and, in my time, Nicias, who also reigned as tyrant over the Coans and Ariston, the pupil and heir of the Peripatetic;^ and Theomnestus, a renowned harper, who was a political opponent of Nicias, was a native of the island. 20. On the coast of the mainland near the Myndian territory lies Astypalaea, a promontory and also Zephyrium. Then forthwith one comes to Myndus, which has a harbour and after Myndus to Bargylia, which is also a city between the two is Caryanda, a harbour, and also an island bearing the same name, where the Caryandians lived. Here Near was born Scylax, the ancient historian. Bargylia is the temple of Artemis Cindy as, round which the rain is believed to fall without striking it. And there was once a place called Cindye. From Bargylia there was a man of note, the Epicurean Protarchus, who was the teacher of Demetrius called Lacon.*
;
;
;

This, too, was a painting by Apelles. Ariston the Peripatetic (fl. third century Ceos (see 10. 5. 6). See Pauly-Wissowa. * i.e. the Laconian.

B.C.), of lulls in

K2

289

STRABO
21. EZt' 'lacro? eVl vrjaqi Kelrat TrpoaKeifjievfj

T 'qireipfp, eyci he Xcfieva, kol to irXelarov rov ^lov T019 evOdSe k Oa\dTTr)<;' evoyjrei yctp
koX hi] KaX hirjyijX(>pav T e^^t, irapaXvirpov. [xara roiavra TrXdrrovaiv t9 avrrjv KiOaprohov yap 7nhtLKvvp,V0V, tcd<; p.u aKpoaaOai irdpTa^,
ft)9

5'

6 Kcohcov 6

Kara

t7jv

oyjroircoXlav

i\fr6(f>r)(r,

KaraXL7ropTa<; direXOelv
hv(TKu)<f>ov'

iirX

to

oyfrov,

irXrjv kvo^

on,
7r/309

n
6

avOpcoire,
rrp

ft

Tov ovv Kidaptphov TTpocnovTa CLTrelv, TroXXrjv aot X'^P''^' otSa t^? Koi (j>LXop.ovaia<i' ol /xep ycip rL/jLi}<i
fc<oh(t)vo<i

dXXoi d/xa
TUL.
hi,
;

uKovaai
e^rj,

tt7rto'T9

olyov'
Koyhcov

Tl

Xeyei'i

ffh-q

yap

eyjroipfjKev

elirovTO^

he,

Ev
'

dvaa-rd^ uTrrjXOe
hiaXefCTifcof;

kuI

ai/T09.

aoL eit], evrevOev

<f>r}

xal
f/v

h'

KaT

Aiohoypof; 6 Kp6po<f irpoaayopevdei^t dpya<i fxev y^evho3<;' A7roXXcovin<; yap ixa-

XeiTO 6

Kp6po<i,
5'

7n(TTaTtjcra<{
rrjp

peyKUP

eV

avrop hi^

eKeivov fieTtjdho^lap tov kut

dXijOeiap Kpopov. 22. Mera h' 'laaop to tcop MtXrja-layp Hocrei' hiop eaTip. P he Tjj pieaoyaia TpeU elal iroXei^
d^i6Xo'yo(, M.vXa(Ta, ^TpaTOPLKeia, ^AXd^apha* ai he dXXac TrepnroXioi tovtmp rj to)p irapaXicov, a)P elaip *Ap.v^(t)p, 'llpdKXeia, Ei//oa)/xo9, XaXx^Tcop'^
*

tovtwp
is

p,P

ovp eXdTTOip X.0709.

to XaKK-nropts (cp.

Xa\Ki\rwp
8).

emended by Mcineke

14. 1.

One who played the cithara and sang

to its accompani-

ment.
*

"Cronus" Mas a nickname

for

"Old Timer," "Old

290

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

21-22

21. Then one comes to lasus, which lies on an It has a harbour ; and island close to the mainland. the people gain most of their livelihood from the

the sea here is well supplied with fish, but of the country is rather poor. Indeed, people fabricate stories of this kind in regard to ^ When a citharoede was giving a recital, the lasus people all listened for a time, but when the bell that announced the sale of fish rang, they all left him and went away to the fish market, except one man who was hard of hearing. The citharoede, therefore, I am to went to him and said "
sea, for

the

soil

the honour you have done me and for your love of music, for all the others except you went away the moment they heard the sound of the bell." And the man said, " What's that you say ? Has the " And when the citharoede said bell already rung " "Yes," the man said, Fare thee well," and himself Here was born the dialecarose and went away.
for
.''

up

Sir,

grateful

you

Diodorus, nicknamed Cronus, falsely so at the outset, for it was ApoUonius his master who was called Cronus, but the nickname was transferred to him because of the true Cronus' lack of repute.^ 22. After lasus one comes to the Poseidium of the In the interior are three noteworthy Milesians. The cities Mylasa, Stratoniceia, and Alabanda. others are dependencies of these or else of the cities on the coast, among which are Amyzon,
tician
:

Heracleia, Euromus, and Chalcetor. there is less to be said.

As

for these,

Dotard." Diodorus is said to have been given the nickname by Ptolemy Soter because he was unable immediately to He solve some dialectic problem put forth by Stilpo. became the head of the Megarian school of philosophy.

291

STRABO
23.

T^

Be

MvXaaa

iBpvrai iv
Bk

'jreBlfp

a-(f)6Bpa

tvBalfjLOpr

virepKCLTaL

avrov}
rovTO

Xaro/jLiov

Kara Kopv^r]V opo^ XevKOV XlOov koXXkttop exov*

ovp 6(f)\6<; icTLu ov fiiKpop, TTjv Xidlau 7rpo9 Ta? oiKoBop.la<; d<f)6ovov koI iyyvOev exov, Kal fjidXiara tt/so? Ta<; rayp lepSiv kol rcov aXXcov
fjLv

C 659

epyoyv Kara<TKvd<;' rotydproi aToai^ T Kal vaoL<i, et rit dWr], KeKoafirjrai rrayKaXax;. B' ean rcov vTro^aXovreov ovto)^ Oav/xd^iv
Brjfioaioiv

dXoyayf; to Krlafia opOiM kol vTrepBe^lrp Kpr}p,vA' Kal Bi) roiv 7]ye pLovcov rt? elirelv Xeyerai, Oavfidaa^

npdyp.a' Tavrrjv ydp, (f)r}, rrjv noXiv 6 KTLaa<;, el /xr) i<f>o^elro, ap' ovB* rjaxvvero ;

TO

exovai B' 01 MvXaaeLt Upd Bvo rod Ato9, rod re ^Oaoyui Ka\ovp,evov, Kal Xa^pavBrfvov' to
/xev iv
B(i)v 6t9

rfi

noXei, rd Be

Ad^pavBa

KfOfirf

iarlv

ev rip 6pet
ve(o<i

Kara

rr)v

virepdeaiv rtjv e^

*AXa^dvevravda

rd MuXaaa,

aTToydev t/}? ttoXco)?*

iariv dpxalo<i Kal ^oavov Aio^ Irparlov* Kal vtto vrro r&v KVKXtp r&v ri/xdrai Be ^vXaaeoiv, oB6<i re earpcorai axeBov ri koI e^tjKovra araBitov pexpt t}? TroXeo)?, iepd xaXovp,evr), Bl ^9 iroprroaroXelrai rd Iepd' UpSiV rai 8' oi 7n(f)aveararoi rwv rroXiroiv del Bih

ovv IBia ^ ri)^ TroXeo)?, rpirov rov Kaplov A to? koivov dirdproav Kapayp, ov /xereari Kal AvBol^ Kal Muaot? 009 Bk Kd)p.Tj virdp^ai rh dBeX<f>oi<:' iaropelrai
^iov.
B*

ravra

p.ev

icrrlv iepov

For avTov C. MQller

iiia,

(Ind.
;

Far. Led. p. 1030) cleverly

conj. aliri.
'

Casaubon, for

iid

so the Uter editon.

292

GEOGRAPHY,
23.

14. 2.

23

But as

for

Mylasa

it is

situated in an exceed-

ingly fertile plain ; and above the plain, towering into a peak, rises a mountain, wliich has a most Now this quarry excellent quarry of white marble. is of no small advantage, since it has stone in

abundance and close at hand, for building purposes and in particular for the building of temples and other ^ accordingly this city, as much as any public works is in other, every way beautifully adorned with But one may well be amazed porticoes and temples. at those who so absurdly founded the city at the foot of a steep and commanding crag. Accordingly, one of the commanders, amazed at the fact, is said to have said, "If the man who founded this city, " was not afraid, was he not even ashamed ? The have two temples of Zeus, Zeus Osogo, as Mylasians he is called, and Zeus Labrandenus. The former is in the city, whereas Labranda is a village far from the city, l)eing situated on the mountain near the At pass that leads over from Alabanda to Mylasa. Labranda there is an ancient shrine and statue of Zeus Stratius. It is Iionoured by the people all about and by the Mylasians and there is a paved road of almost sixty stadia from the shrine to Mylasa, called the Sacred Way, on which their
;
;

sacred
offices

processions are are held by the

conducted.

The

priestly

citizens,

always for

life.
;

most distinguished of the Now these temples belong

peculiarly to the city that of the Carian

but there is a third temple, Zeus, which is a common possession of all Carians, and in which, as brothers, both Lydians and Mysians have a share. It is
1

i.e.

" works"

of art (see Vol. II, p. 349

4).

and footnote

5,

and

p.

407 and footnote

293

STRABO
iraXaioVt irarpl^;
ratv Trepl tov
T7J
'

he kol jSaaCXeiov

rwv Kaptov
fiuXiara Koi rovT

EKaTo/jLvro' 7r\r]<Tid^L 6e
t)

Kara ^votkov OaXdrrr}

7roX,f9,

iariv avTol^ eTriieiov.

MuXcfcra, pr)ropd<; re dfia koI h-qfiaytoyov^ t^9 6 fiev oUp FjvOvBt)/x6v re kol "T^peav. EvdvSrjfio^ ifc nrpoyovwv irapaXa^oov ovaiav re fieydXrjv xal Bo^av, TrpoadeU xal ttjv Betvoryrai ovK P TTJ iraTpiBi fiovov fjieyaf tjv, dXXa kul iv
TToXfct)?,
rjj

^Xaia

T779

tt/jcot?;?

tj^lovto

t^/xt)?.

'T^pea

8*

nTarripy co? avTo? Bcrjyeiro iv rfj oxoXfj xal irapa royv ttoXitmv oy/jLoXoyrjTO, yjfilovov KariXiire

^vXo(popovvTa Kal ij/jLiovrjyoi'' BiOLKOvfievo^ S' viro rovTOiV oXiyov ^povov AioTp(f)Ov<i tov 'Ai'Tto;^6)9 kol tw 7ravi}Xft (iKpoaa-d/jievot dyopavopitp irapeBwKev avrov evravOa Be KvXivBrjdeU Koi ')(pr]fiaTiauuvo'{ /xiKpd (tipixrjaev eirl to ttoXaTcveaOat Kal toi<; dyopaioi<i crvvaKoXovdelv. ra-)(y Be av^rjaiv ^cr^e Kal flavf.idaOi] ' ert fiev xaX
KvOvB^jfiov ^MVTo<i, dXXa TeXevTTJcravTO^ fidXiara, KvpLO^ yevoixevos rrj<; TroXeo)?. ^mv B* eweKparei TToXv eKLi'o<i, BvifaTo<i aw d/xa kuI ^^^aifiofj rfj TToXei, waT, el Kal rt. TvpavvtKov Trpocrrjv, tout aTreXveTO T(p irapaKoXovdelv to '^ptjo'i^ov. eirai-

yovv tovto tov "T^peov, otrep BT]/xr)yopow elirev KvOvBrjfie, KaKOV el t?;? TToXcft)? dvayKaloV ovre yap p.eTa arov Bwd^ieda C 660 triv ovT dvev crov. av^rjOeU ovv e-rrX ttoXv Ka\ B6voucri
7rl

TXVTrj<;

IxiKtara, after i6avnd(r$ri, is ejected

by Meineke.

294

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

23-24

related that Mylasa was a mere village in ancient times, but that it was the native land and royal residence of the Carians of the house of Hecatomnos. The city is nearest to the sea at Physcus ; and this
is

their seaport.
24.

who were

Now Euthydemus, Euthydemus and Hybreas. having inherited from his ancestors great wealth and high repute, and having added to these his own cleverness, was not only a great man in his native land, but was also thought worthy of the foremost honour in Asia. As for Hybreas, as he himself used to tell the story in his school and as confirmed by his fellow-citizens, his father left him a mule-driver and a wood-carrying mule. And, being supported by these, he became a pupil of Diotrephes of Antiocheia for a short time, and then came back and "surrendered himself to the office of market- clerk." " But when he had been "tossed about in this office and had made but little money, he began to apply himself to the affairs of state and to follow closely He quickly grew in the speakers of the forum.
power, and was already an object of amazement in the lifetime of Euthydemus, but in particular after So his death, having become master of the city.
long as Euthydemus lived he strongly prevailed, being at once powerful and useful to the city, so that even it there was something tyrannical about him, it was atoned for by the fact that it was attended by what was good for the city. At any rate, people applaud the following statement of Hybreas, made " by him towards the end of a public speech Euthydemus you are an evil necessary to the city, for we
: :

Mylasa has had two notable men in my time, at once orators and leaders of the city,

295

STRABO
fa? Kal
iv
rfj
'Tro\LT7)(i

TT/oo?

dWoi
el^av,

fieO^

ayadb<; elvai koX p'qrwp eTrraiaev Xa^Lrfvov avrnroXireia. oi fikv y^p ottXcov einovTi koI TLapdiKtj^ avfir

p,a'x^ia<i, r^Brj

are

rwv YlapOvaicov rrjv ^Aaiav i')(pvTmv^ aoirXoi KaX elprjviKoC' Ztjvcov 5* o

p-qrop<i,

AaoSiKev'i teal 'T^pea<; ovk el^av, apxf>6rpot aXXct aTretnTjaav ra^ eavrSyv TroXet?* 5' o 'T^pea<i Kal irpoaTrapco^vve (fxDpfj tivI

Vp0i(TTOV Kal avoLa<i 7r\rjp^. itcei' vov yap aveiir6vro<i eavrov HapOiKoi' avTOKpd" Topa, OvKOvv, (f)r), Kayo) Xeyco ip.avTov K.apiKOV k tovtov Be eVl rrjv iroXtv avTOKpcLTopa, rjSr} rdyixara avvreray^va wp/MTjae, xa)P ^Peofialcov rcov ev rfj ^Aaia' avrbv p,kv ovv ov
fjLeipcLKLOv

KareXa^e, napaxoyp^jo'CLVTa et? 'FoBov, rrjv S' oLKLav avrov BieXv/xijvaro, TroXvreXeh i^ovaav
Kara<TKvd^,
TT)V

Kal

Birjprracrev'

cot

6'

ai/xft)?
5'

rrjv TToXitf 6Xr}v

eKaKwaev.
irepl ficv

KXnr6vT0<;

Kal ckcivov

kavrov re ovv MuXdaeov ravra, 25. ^TparoviKeia 5' earl KaroiKLa MaKeBoviov* CKoafjLijOr] Be Kal avrrj KaraaKeval^; TroXvreXeaiv eart, 5* ev rfj VTTO Tcbv ^aaiXecov. X^P9 "^^^ ^TparoviKetov Bvo lepd, ev fxev Aayivoit to t/)?
^Aariav,

iiravrfXde Kal dviXa/Sev

Kal rrjv rroXtv.

'E/tfOTT;?

7n<f)avaraT0v, navTjyvpei*; fieydXa<i <tvv-

eyyv<i Be t^? iroXecat to toO \pvaaop(Dfi Afo? koivov diravrcov Kapa>v, et? 5 avvCacn dvaovret re Kal ^ovXevao/xevoi irepl rSiv

dyov Kar eviavrov

The Greek word might mean "legions" rather than

"cohorts." Of the golden sword.

296

r.

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

24-25

can live neither with you nor without you." However, although he had grown very strong and had the repute of being both a good citizen and orator, he stumbled in his political opposition to Labienus for while the others, since they were without arms and inclined to peace, yielded to Labienus when he was coming against them with an army and an allied Parthian force, the Parthians by that time being in possession of Asia, yet Zeno of Laodiceia and Hybreas, both orators, refused to yield and caused their own cities to revolt. Hybreas also
;

provoked Labienus, a lad who was

irritable

and

full

of folly, by a certain pronouncement ; for when Labienus proclaimed himself Parthian Emperor, Hybreas said, "Then I too call myself Carian Emperor." Consequently Labienus set out against the city with cohorts ^ of Roman soldiers in Asia Labienus did not seize that were already organised. Hybreas, however, since he had withdrawn to

Rhodes, but he shamefully maltreated his home, And with its costly furnishings, and plundered it. he likewise damaged the whole of the city. But

though Hybreas abandoned Asia, he came back and rehabilitated both himself and the city. So much, then, for Mylasa.
Macedonians. was adorned with costly improvements by the kings. There are two temples in the country of the Stratoniceians, of which the most famous, that of Hecate, is at Lagina; and it draws great festal
25. Stratoniceia is a settlement of

And

this too

And near the city is the assemblies every year. temple of Zeus Chrysaoreus,^ the common possession of all Carians, whither they gather both to offer sacrifice and to deliberate on their common interests.
297

STRABO
KOivwv
KaXetraL
Be

to
e/c

crvcrTrj/ia

avjcfiv

Xpv-

<raopeo)v, <TvvecyTr]Ko<;

kco /xayv

ol Be TrXewrra?

TrapexofJLevot Kw/xa^i irpoexovairfj y^n^^cptKaddirep

p,erexov(rLv, ovk oi/re? OTL K(opa<; expvcTL tov

Kepapirjrar xal XTparovixeU Be tov crvarijpxLTO^ rod KapiKOv yevov^, aW*

XpuaaoptKOv

avaTij/jLaro^,

Kavravda
MertTTTTO?

8'

dvrjp

Kara

d^i6Xoyo<; yeyevrjrai pijrcop tol'? irarepa^ KaTOAca? r)fxuiv,

'm/caXov/Jivo<;, ov

'Aaiav

p,dXiara iiraivel rwv kut^ rrjv a)v rjKpodaaro, KiKcptov, &^ (f>r}aip V TLVL jpa(f)ff avro^i, avyKpivoiv EefO/cXe* Koi TOL^i Kar eKelvov dK/j,d^ovaiv, <ttl Be xai
ptjropcoi',

dXXrj ^rparoviKeia, rj tt/oo? t^ Tavptp Ka><ovp.vrj, rroXixyLov TrpoaKeifievop r^ 6pet. 26. AXd^avBa Be KaX avrt) fiev {rrroiceirM X6<f>oif: Bvarl avyKeifievot,'^ our ax;, oxrr oyjrtv irapixai Bi} Ka )(ea6aL KavO-qXiov Karearpaipevov. 6 MaXafco<; *A7roXXd)vio<; aKciiinwv rrjv ttoXlv ef^ re ravra koX et? to tmv aKopnlfov irXij6o<:, e^rj
^

peaTt]

avTT}v elvac aKopTriuw KavOtjXiov KaTearpoip.evov^ 8' (TtI fcal avTrj KaX tcov MvXa<TOiV rj 7ro\f9 T(t)V 6ripL03V TOVTMV KoX 7} pcTa^v TTCiaa
opeivrj.

C661

rpv(pt]Ta)V

6'

ioTiv dvOpcoirayv

fcal

Kairv-

dvBp<i 8* ^aXTpia<^ 7roXXd<;. eyevovTo Xoyov d^ioi Bvo f)t]Top<i dBX<f>oi 'AXa^avBelff, M1'kX7}<: re, ov ep,vi](T6ripv fiiKpov iirdvo), Kal 'IcpOKXij^i koi oi p.eToiKi]<Tavre^ t9 rr)v VoBov 6 re ^A7roXXd)vio<; xal 6 MoXwv,

piaToyv,

Xov(Ta

KarfffTpoififyov, ecJitors in general

*

Casaubon, for

KartarpafifAtvov

so

the

Cf. the votes of the Lycian cities, 14.

3. 3.

298

GEOGRAPHY,
Their League, which
"Chrysaorian."

14. 2.

25-26
is

consists of villages,

called

present the most villages have a preference in the vote,^ like, for example, the people of Ceramus. The Stratoniceians also have a share in the League, although they are not of the Carian stock, but because they have villages belonging to the Chrysaorian League. Here, too, in the time of our fathers, was born a
those

And

who

noteworthy man, Menippus, surnamed Catocas, whom Cicero, as he says in one of his writings,^ applauded above all the Asiatic orators he had heard, comparing him with Xenocles and with the other orators who But there is also flourished in the latter's time. another Stratoniceia, '' Stratoniceia near the Taurus," it is a small town situated near the as it is called mountain. 26. Alabanda is also situated at the foot of hills, two hills that are joined together in such a way that they present the appearance of an ass laden with And indeed ApoUonius Malacus, in ridipanniers. culing the city both in regard to this and in regard
;

to the large
it

number of

scorpions there, said that

was an "ass laden with panniers of scorpions." Both this city and Mylasa are full of these creatures, and so is the whole of the mountainous country between them. Alabanda is a city of people who live in luxury and debauchery, containing many girls who play the harp. Alabandians worthy of mention are two orators, brothers, I mean Menecles, whom I mentioned a little above,^ and Hierocles, and also ApoUonius and Molon,* who changed their abode to
Rhodes.
*

Brutus 91

(315).

13.

See

13.

299

STRABO
27.
6

UoWcov

Be Xoycov elpTj/jievcop irepi Kapo^v,

fiaXLaO'

o/jLoXoyoufj.evo'i

iarip

ovro<;,

on

oi

fievoL, /xtvoL,

Ta<; vqaovi wkovv eW ijireipMraL yevO' ttoWtjv t^9 irapaXla^ koX tIj^; fieaoyaia^ Kuriaxov, tou? nrpoKaTexovja^ d(f)\6fjLPor koX ovToi o yaav ol irXeiov^ XeKey<; koX IleXaayol* irdXtv Be toutou? d(f)LXovro /xpo<i ol "EWiyi^, Tov Be Trepl rd arparLca' "\cov^ T KoX Acopiei'i. TLKU ^/jXov rd T 6\ava iroLOvvrai T6KfX7jpia koI TO, eTTLarj/jLa /<al rovt Xu(f)ov<i' diravra yap Xeyerai

Ka/069 VTTo Mlvo) irdrTOVTO, Tore

AeXeye? koXov-

KaX

KapLxd' \\vaKpewv

fiev

ye

(fyrjalv

Bia Br)vre KapiKevpyeo*;

oxdvoio %et/>a ridefieuai,

S* *A\/-at09,

X6(f)0V T (Teiwv KapiKoif.

28.

Tov

TTOirjTov S' elprjKOTOs ovTroal*

^

MdaOXr)<;

av Kaprov ^ytjaaro

^apjSapocfxovtoVt

ovK ex^t Xoyou, ttw? Toaavra

flB(o<; eOv-q

jSdp/Sapa

pxtvovs eiprjKe /3apj3apo(f)(t)i>ov<; roi/? Kapa?, ySa/oovr ovv ^nvKvBiBri<t opOax;' ^dpov<: 5' ovBeva<i. ovBe yap XeyeaOal (f>T]<Ti ^ap0dpov<; Bid to fxij^k
''

Oar TO

IZXXijvd^ TTo) dvTLvaXov et? h' ovo/xa utrnKefcpiare yap /xi]Be "EXXy]vd<i ttq) yJrevBu<i avr6<i

6 7roty)TT)<; d-TreXeyx^f

dpBp6<i,

TOV

fcXeof;

evpv KaG* *EX\a3a koX fxeaov

"Apyo?.
*

Vliff6Krii,

Corals emends to

NcCarv/t.

300

GEOGRAPHY,

14.2.27-28

27. Of the numerous accounts of the Carians, the one that is generally agreed upon is this, that the Carians were subject to the rule of Minos, being called Leleges at that time, and lived in the islands; then, having migrated to the mainland, they took possession of much of the coast and of the interior, taking it away from its previous possessors, who for the most part were Leleges and Pelasgians. In turn these were deprived of a part of their country by the Greeks, I mean lonians and Dorians. As

evidences of their zeal for military

affairs,

writers

adduce shield-holders, shield-emblems, and crests, for all these are called "Carian." At least Anacreon " Come, put thine arm through the shieldsays, And Alcaeus^ says, holder, work of the Carians."

"shaking the Carian

28.

crest."

the poet says, "Masthles^ in turn led the Carians, of barbarian speech," ^ we have no reason to inquire how it is that, although he knew so many barbarian tribes, he speaks of the Carians alone as " of barbarian speech," but nowhere speaks of " barbarians.*' Thucydides,* therefore, is not " did not use the correct, for he says that Homer term ' barbarians either, because the Hellenes on their part had not yet been distinguished under " one name as opposed to them for the poet himself refutes the statement that the Hellenes had not yet been so distinguished when he says, " My husband, whose fame is wide through Hellas and
'

When

1
'

An

Frag. 22 'Bergk). error, apparently, for "Nastes." Iliad 2. 867 (note " Mesthles" in line 864). 1.3.

30

STRABO
Kal -TrdXiv
eiT iOeXeifi TpacpdrjvaL
^

(W *E\\d8a

koX ^eaov

"Apyofj.
firj

Xeyofievcov

re

^ap^dpwv, ttw? efieWev ev

;

\-)(^9rja-adaL

to ^ap^apo<f>cov(i)v

ovre

Br)

ovTO<i

A7roX\6B(opo<i 6 ypap,fiaTiK6<i, on to) Koivqy ovofiaTL IBiay^i koI \oi86p(o<; ^/9a>i/T0 oi tcop Kapwv, Kal fidXiara ot ''E\Xr}V<i Kara l(ovfi, fiicrovvTe'i avrovt Bed rrjv e^^pav Kal ra<i
v,

OUT

avvXt^ arpareia^;' exprjv yap ovrfot ^apfidpov^ 6vnp.d^iv. Tj/xeU Be ^i]rovfxev, Bid Tt ^apfiapoKaXei, ^ap^dpov^ 8' ovB' OTraf. on, TO vXyjOvvTiKov et? to fierpov ovk e/imTrret, Bid TOUT OVK eip7}K ^ap^dpov<^. aXV avrrj p.v K OpOfJ OV Bia(f)epL T^9 7] TTTCJcn^ OVK p,7TL7rTl, T]
(f)covov<;
<f>r]aL,

C 662 AdpBavoi'
Tp(0<i

Kal AvKtoc Ka\ AdpBavoi.

roiovrov Be koI to
olot Tp(Ol.0l LTTTTOl.

ovBe ye

on

ydp
Xi

icTTLV,

yXwrra rwv Kap&v ov Tpaxindrrj uXXd Kal irXelara EXX}}VLKd ovofuira

i)
'

KaTa/xe/j.iy/xva,
ypdyfra'i.

&>?

(f>rj(Tt

^^iXiTTTro^i

rd

ro ^dp^apov Kar dp^d'i eK7re(f)Ci)vrjaOat oi/tw? AcaT* ovofxaTOTToUav 7rl TMV BvaeK(l>6p(o<i Kal aKXripo)^ Kal rpax^axi XaXoupTcov, o)? TO Qarrapi^eiv Kal rpavXi^eiv koX yfreXXi^eiP' v<f)vearaToi ydp eapev Ta? (fxopd^

Kapixd

ol/xai

Be,

'

Tpa<pdrivat,

CoraiH, for rapfOrivai CDFAt5, rp^0rjvai other

MSS.
*

i.e.

throughout the whole of Greece.

302

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

28

mid-Argos."^ And again, "And if thou dost wish and to mid-Argos." journey through Hellas Further, if they were not called "barbarians," how could they properly be called a people "of bar" So neither Thucydides is correct, barian speech ? nor Apollodorus the grammarian, who says that the general term was used by the Hellenes in a the Carians, and peculiar and abusive sense against in particular by the lonians, who hated them because of their enmity and the continuous military campaigns; for it was right to name them barbarians in this sense. But I raise the question. Why does he " of barbarian call them people speech," but not even " once calls them barbarians ? Because," Apollodorus not fall in with the metre replies, "the plural does But this is why he does not call them barbarians." ^ though this case does not fall in with metre, the nominative case ^ does not differ metrically from that " * of " Dardanians "Trojans and Lycians and ^ Dardanians." So, also, the word "Trojan," in "of what kind the Trojan horses are." ^ Neither is he correct when he says that the language of the Carians is very harsh, for it is not, but even has very many Greek words mixed up with it, according to the Philip who wrote The CaricaJ^ I suppose that " was at first uttered onomatothe word " barbarian in reference to people who enunciated poetically words only with difficulty and talked harshly and " battarizein," "trauraucously, like our words and " psellizein " ; ^ for we are by nature lizein,"
; :

*
6 ^

The

genitive {^ap^apw). Iliad Iliad 11 286.

gly."

fiAp^apoi.
5.

Adp^avoi.

222.

'

The History of Caria.

Meaning respectively, "stutter," "lisp," and "speak

f alter in

STRABO
(jxovaU Karovoixd^eiv Bta to o/JLoyevh' ^ iuravOa al opofiaroTrXeovd^ovat TTodai, olov TO KeXapv^eiu koX KXayyr) Be kuI Kai ^orj fcal Kporo^!, (or ra irXetcTTa ijBy] \jr6(f)0<; Kal /cuptw? eKcfteperaL' rrdvrwv Brj to)v TraxvarofMOvvTCdP ovT(o<; ^ap^dpoiv Xeyo^ivwv, <f)dvT) ra rSiv dXXoeOvMV arojxaTa roiavra, Xeyco Be ra rfav fir] 'KXXrjvwv. eKeivov^ ovv IBiw^i CKdXeaav^ ^ap^dpov<i, iv dpxal^ p.V Kara ro XoiBopov, w? av iraxva-Tofxovf; rj Tpa-)(yaT6^ov<i, elra xarexp^]adp,ua (o<; eOvLKCp kolvw ovo^ari, dvTiBiaipovi'T<t
Tat?
ofioiaiff

hrj"^

KoX

teal yap Bt] rfj TroXXfj Tov<: "EXXrjvaf;. avurjOela Kal eTriirXo/cfj* rwv ^ap^dptov ovxeri
7rp6<i

d(f)vtav rivk t&v 6pydv(ov rovro avfi^aivop, dXXa Kara ra? TMV BiaXcKTcov IBioTrjTa^. dXXtf Be ti<{ ev rfj 'q/nerepa BiaXeKTtp dve(f)dv}j KaKoaropia Kal olov
i<l)ali>eTo

Kara naxvcTop-lap Kal

^(jdvrjTTjpicav

^apl3apoaTOfiLa, et Tt9 eXXrjvl^tov fit] Karopdoii], dXX! ovro) Xeyot ra ovopuira, w? ol l3dp^apot ol elaayofievoL el<i tov eXXtjvia-pLov, ovk la-)(vovTe<; dpTiarofieiv, w? ovB' i/p^eU ev ralf; eKeivwv BiaXeKrovro Be pdXiara avve^rj roU Kapal' T09. rSiv yap aXXcov ovr eirnrXeKop.evwv ttcj ^ a<fi6Bpa
'

Tot? ''ljXXt]aiv, ovB' eTTix^ipovvTayp KXXyjviKM^ ^rjv 7) fxavOdreiv ri)V t}p.eTpav BtdXexrop, irXrjp ct Tivet
*

^ '

Corais, for liirt ; bo tlie later editors. after it\(ov<k(ovtii, Corais and Meineke omit. iKi\taav, Xylan<ler, for indKitrt ; so the later editom.
fi

hii,

^i4v,

* T^ troWri avvT)6tlcf. koI iwtirKoKri F, ^irnrAoK^ other MSS. ; so the editors

rj

woWii

avvrjOtla
wets.

iral

ir

(omitted by F), Coraia and Meineke, for

304

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2. 28

very much inclined to denote sounds by words that sound Hke them, on account of their homogeneity. Wherefore onomatopoetic words abound in our " language, as, for example, celaryzein," and also " " and most
bo6/' "crotos,"^ ^^clange," psophos," of which are by now used in their proper sense.

Accordingly, when all who pronounced words thickly were being called barbarians onomatopoetically, it appeared that the pronunciations of all alien races were likewise thick, I mean of those that were not Greek. Those, therefore, they called barbarians in the special sense of the term, at first derisively, meaning that they pronounced words thickly or and then we misused the word as a harshly general ethnic term, thus making a logical distinction between the Greeks and all other races. The fact is, however, that through our long acquaintance and intercourse with the barbarians this effect was at last seen to be the result, not of a thick pronunciation or any natural defect in the vocal organs, but of the peculiarities of their several languages. And there appeared another faulty and barbarian-like pronunciation in our language, whenever any person speaking Greek did not pronounce it correctly, but pronounced the words like barbarians who are only beginning to learn Greek and are unable to speak it accurately, as is also the case with us in speaking their languages. This was particularly the case with the Carians, for, although the other peoples were not yet having very much intercourse with the Greeks nor even trying to live in Greek fashion or to learn our language with the exception, perhaps, of rare
;

^Meaning respectively, "gurgle," "clang," sound," "outcry," and "rattling noise."

"empty

STRABO
(Tirdvioi fcal

Karh Tvxqv
rayv

apBpa

6\lyoi<;^

i7refJ.LX^V^o,v Kal kut liiWrjvcov riaiv, ovtoi Be

Ka6

6\r]V eTrXav^Orjaav rrjv 'KWdBa, fiLadov ovv to ^ap^ap6<^(ji>vov cV i]Brj <TrpaTevovTe<i. eKeiveov ttvkvov rjv, diro 6t<? rrjv 'EiWdBa

t%

avTOiv (TTparela^' koI fierd ravra eireTToXaae TToXv fxaXXov, d(f)' ov rd<; t vi]<tov<; fierd rwv ^\LXXi]vwv (pKt-jaav, KafceWev et? tt)u Walav eVTreG6vT<i, ovK evravOa xw/otv 'EtXXy^vwv olkclu ^BvC 6G3 vavTOy iirLBia^dvTCdv tS)v ^Icovcdv koX ratp AaypUwv.

diro

Be

T^?

avrrj'i

airLa^
eirl

Kal ro

^ap/Sapl^eiv

Xeyerar kol jdp tovto

Tcop elwOafiev Xeyeiv, XovPTcov. OL/TO)? ovp KOL TO ^apl3apo<f>a)Piv Kal TOv<i ^ap^apo(i)copov<; Bcktcop tov<{ KaKOi<i eXXrjpl^oPTa^' diro Be rov Kapi^eip Kal to ^ap^apit^eiv

tmv kukox; eXXrjvi^opovk eirl twv Kapiarl Xa-

fiertjpeyKap ei? Ta? rrepl eXXrjptafiov re^va^ fcd'i TO (ToXoiKL^eiP, etT' diro "EoXfop, etr^ tou

aWw?

OPOfxaro^i tovtov TreirXaafiepov. 29. ^Tja) Be 'A/3Te/itS&>po9 diro

^vtrKOv

Ti)<;

*VoBlop 'jrepaia<i
Blov<;,

lovaip ct?

"Ecfyecrop

fie^pi p,ep

AayLPoyp oKTaKoaiov; elrat Kal TrepTtJKovra araePTevOev B^ t9 *AXd^apBa TrePTrfKOPra d\Xov<i Kal BiaKoaiov^i, el^i Be TpdXXei<i ckutop f^tjKOPTa- dXX' 7) et? TpdXXei^i t'crTi Biafidpri top

^ialavBpop Kara
*

/xearjp ttov ttjp

B*

Kapla<i oi opoi' yipoprai

o\lyois,
*

oBop, ovov rij^i ol iravre^ diro ^vaKOV

;

Kramer,

for i\lyot

so Meineke.

city in Cilicia. if not that in Cypres Strabo means that grammarians used the word in its original, or unrestricted sense, i.e. as applying to speech
*

The

306

GEOGRAPHY,
persons
a

14. 2.

28-29

who by chance, and singly, mingled with few of the Greeks yet the Carians roamed throughout the whole of Greece, serving on

Already, therefore, the barexpeditions for pay. barous element in their Greek was strong, as a result of their expeditions in Greece ; and after this it: spread much more, from the time they took up their abode with the Greeks in the islands ; and when they were driven thence into Asia, even here they were unable to live apart from the Greeks, I mean when the lonians and Dorians later crossed over to Asia. The term "barbarise," also, has the same origin for we are wont to use this too in
;

reference to those who speak Greek badly, not to those who talk Carian. So, therefore, we" must and terms " speak barbarously interpret the " *' as applying to those who barbarously-speaking speak Greek badly. And it was "from the term " Carise " that the term " barbarise was used in a different sense in works on the art of speaking
'^ Greek; and so was the term soloecise," whether derived from Soli,^ or made up in some other way.^ 29. Artemidorus says that, as one goes from Physcus, in the Peraea of the Rhodians, to Ephesus, the distance to Lagina is eight hundred and fifty

stadia
fifty

and thence to Alabanda, two hundred and more and to Tralleis, one hundred and sixty. But one comes to the road that leads into Tralleis after crossing the Maeander River, at about the middle of the journey,^ where are the boundaries
;
;

of Caria.
only.

The

distance all told from Physcus to

in a

In the meantime it had been used "to behave like, or imitate, barbarians." ' Between Alabanda and Tralleis.

broad sense,

STRABO
enl rov M-aCaiBpov Kara ttjv t9 "Et^troi^ oBop eKaTov oyBorjKOvra. irdXiv airo rov Mat a/>')(i\LOi,

hpov

Tr]<i

'lcovLa<; 6(/)f% fiij/co^ 7ri6vTi

Kara

Ti]v

avrrjv oBov airb fiev rov iroTafiov 6tV TpdWei<i, eh MayvijaCav ktcarov reTiapdo-yBorjKovra,

eW

Kovra,

eh "EcPea-ov

8*

eKarov

eiKocriPy

eh

Be '^fjLvpvav

rpiaKoatoL eiKocrtv, eh Bk ^coKaiav Kal tou? 6pov<i tP;? 'Iww'a? e\dTTov<i tmv BiaKocrlcov ware to eV
^ t^? 'Iwju'a? ett] av Kar avrov oKraKoaUov. eVet Be koivi] fxiicpSi Ti? 65o9 TeTpiTTTai dnaai toi^ eVt rd^ dvaroXu'i oBoLTTopovaiv ^ \''j(f>(Tov, Kal Taihrjv enreiatir tTTt /xp rd Kdpoupa t/)? Kapia({ opiop tt/jo? t;;^ ^pvyiap Bid Maypr]aLa<i Kal TpaXXeayv, Nv<Trj<;, *Ai/Tfo;^6ia9 oBo^i e7rraK0(TL0)P xal rermpuKOpra (TTaBloyp' ePTevOep Be r) ^^pvyia Bid AaoBiKela^; Kal 'ATra/ifta? Kal MrjTpoTroXeax; Kal XeXiBoployp' iirl pep ovp ttjp dp^7)p t^? Hapaypelov, tou? 0\/xou9, aTuBtoi. irepl evpaKoaiov^ Kal iko(Tip K rwp Kapovpcop' inl Be to Trpo? rfj AvKaopia 'irepa<i t^? Yiapcdpeiov to Tvpialop Bid f^t\o/i7;Xlov fiiKpo) nXeioix; rtop TrepjaKoaiwp. eW* AvKaopia p-expi' KopOTraaa-ov Bid AaoBiKeia^ T)f Ka7aKKnvfj,vi]<t oKTaKoaioi reTTapuKOPra' ex Be KopoTraacrov tT;? AvKaopia^; eh Vapadovpa, tto-

evOela^i /xtjKo^i

irXeov

TUiv
^

'/

Xi)(Piop t//9 KaTTTra^ovta?, eirl t(dp opwp avrij^ lBpvp.POP, eKarop eiKoaip' eprevdep B' eh Md^aKU TTjp firjTponoXip Toyp KaTnraBoKOJV Bid ^odvBov
*

itaT*
;

MSS.
*

aindv, CoraJB, for Korck ravrh 8o the later editors.

1j

mxz, Kar' avrh

fntamtf
;

ij

other

Tavrr)v (-Ktioiv, Corals, for rairp editors.

fitf

so the later

308

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2.

29

the Maeander along the road to Ephesus amounts to one thousand one hundred and eighty stadia. Again, from the Maeander, traversing next in order the length of Ionia along the same road, the distance from the river to Tralleis is eighty stadia then to
;

Magnesia, one hundred and forty to Ephesus, one hundred and twenty to Smyrna, three hundred and twenty and to Phocaea and the boundaries of so that the length Ionia, less than two hundred
;
;

of Ionia in a straight line would be, according to Artemidorus, slightly more than eight hundred Since there is a kind of common road stadia.
constantly used by all who travel from Ephesus towards the east, Artemidorus traverses this too from Ephesus to Carura, a boundary of Caria towards Phrygia, through Magnesia, Tralleis, Nysa, and Antioclieia, is a journey of seven hundred and forty stadia and, from Carura, the journey in
: ;

Phrygia, through and Chelidonia.^

Apameia, Metropolis the beginning of Paroreius,^ one comes to Holmi, about nine hundrod and twenty stadia from Carura, and, near the end of Paroreius near Lycaonia, through Philomelium, to Tyriaeum, slightly more than five hundred. Then Lycaonia, through Laodiceia Catacecaumene,^ as far as Coropassus, eight hundred and forty stadia from Coropassus in Lycaonia to Garsaura, a small town in Cappadocia, situated on its borders, one hundred and twenty thence to Mazaca, the metropolis of the Cappadocians, through Soandum

Laodiceia,

Now

near

"Chelidonia"
Phrygia "Burnt."

is

thought to be corrupt

(see C. Mailer,

Jnd. Var. Led., p. 1030). " i.e.

'^

alongside the mountain."

STRABO
Koi 'ZaSaKopayv e^aKocriOL
Sft)</>7;i'%

oy^oijKOvra'

evrevOev

Bia 'Hp<f)wv iTo\L-)(vri<^ xvkiot TerpaKoa-LOi ra 8' eV* evOelaff rovroi,<i fi^xpt TerrapciKovTa. T^9 *\i'BiKf}<; TO, avra Kelrai kol irapk rut ^ApreXeyei /jLiScopw, airep kol frapa rw ^EparoffOepei. Be Koi IToXuySfo?, irepi rwv CKet fidXia-ra BeiP

664:7n(TTViv
rrj<;

KLVfi).

ap-)(eTai
rj

Bk
rfj

uiro

^afioadroyv

BiajSdaei koI t^ Zevyfjiart Kelrar et? Be ^afiocrara diro rSyv opcov

Ko/x/jLa'y7]vPj<;,

7rpo<;

T^9 Tov

KaTTTraBoKLWi rSiv irepl Tofiiaa virepOevTi Tavpov araBCov; etprjKe rerpaxoalov^ koI

TrevTijKovra.
Ill
;<? opiov ra AauBaXa, e^e^?}? irXeovai 7rp6<{ dvlayoma ijXiov AvKia fcelrai p-expi- Ila/xc^uXta?, ecO* -q Ila/iT) (^vXia iJLe\pi KiXikow ruyv rpa^ewv, eld* rj rovrtDV

1.

Mera

Be rrjv 'Po(^La)v irepaiav,

p-expt Tcov dXXcov KiXl/cwv

twv

irepi

top *]a(TiKOP
P'^XP*'

koXttov ravra
i^<?

B'

earl

fieprj fiev rrj^ x^ppopyjcxot',

Toy IcrOfiop ^ap.ep ri)P diro ^laaov oBop

rj

*Ap.Lcrov,

^iPcoTnjf;,

w?

rive<;, CKrof;

Be rou

Tavpov

P areprj irapaXia

rfj diro Avklu^; p-^xpi' t(op irepl ^6Xov<i roTToyp, rijp vvp nop,Tnji67roXiP'^ eireira ijBrj ct<f ireBia dparreinarai, ; Kard rop ^laariKOV fcoXirop irapaXia dtro ^oXmp KaX Tapaov dp^aravrrji' ovp eireXOovaw 6 7rd<{ TTspX rrfs fieprf.
* Tofxlffuv, the editors, for t^ fuaov CD, TX/i<roi; X, Tofuaov other MSS. T^f vvv Uou.iry\t6wo\ip, Coraia, for rp yiv v\ofiitr]iovit6Kti ; so the later editors.

310

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 2

29-3.
;

and Sadacora, six hundred and eighty and thence to the Euphrates River, as far as Tomisa, a place in Sophene, through Herpliae, a small town, one thousand four hundred and forty. The places on
a straight line with these as far as India are the same in Artemidorus as they are in Eratosthenes. But Polybius says that we should rely most on He /A^teinaidorus in regard to the places here.

Samosata in Commagene, which lies and at Zeugma, and states that the distance to Samosata, across the Taurus, from tlie boundaries of Cappadocia round Tomisa is four hundred and fifty stadia.
begins with
at the river-crossing

HI
1.^

After the Peraea of the Rhodians, of which

Daedala is a boundary, sailing next in order towards the rising sun, one comes to Lycia, which extends
as far as as
far

as

Pamphylia then to Pamphylia, extending the Tracheian Cilicians ^ and then to

; ;

the country of these, extending as far as the other These Cilicians living round the Gulf of Issus. are parts of the peninsula, the isthmus of which, as I was saying, is the road from Issus to Amisus, or, according to some, Si nope, but they lie outside the Taurus on the narrow coast which extends from Lycia as far as the region of Soli, the present Then forthwith the coast that lies Pompeiopolis.

on

tike Issic Gulf, beginning at Soli and Tarsus, So then, when 1 have spreads out into plains. traversed this coast, my account of the whole
^

See

map of Asia Minor at end of Vol. V. " Cilicia Tracheia " (" Rugged Cilicia Referring to

").

STRABO
Xppovijaov X070? ecTTai
$r]a-6fM6a eiri

ra

dWa fiepr}

TrepLcoBcvfievofi'

elra fierarci

t^9 'Aata? ra kto<;

ixOija-ofiev
irepi

Tov 'Tavpov.
2.

TcXevTala

Mera
T779

rolvvv

AaiBaXa ra

royv 'PoBlcdv opo<i

iarl

AvKLa<; o/jlmvv/xov avrol^ ^alBaXa, dcj)' 01) Xa/jL^dvL rrjv dp^rjv 7rapd7r\ov<; aTra? 6 AvKiaKO^, arahiwv jaev oiv x^Xlcoi^ eTrraKoaCcov
;;i^a\e7ro9,

CLKoai, Tpaxv<i Be koI

(T(f)6Bpa

aW

vXi/xvo<;

Kol VTTO dvOpCOTTWV aVVOlKOV/jLVO<i (T(0(ppovcov in el ij ye tT;? xcoyoa? (fivai^ irapaTrXrjala KaX TOt? Yiap,^v\oi<i earl kuI roL<i Tpaxi(orat,<; J^iXi^iv aXX' e/celvot p,ev opfiijnjpioi^ e\pri(Tavro TOt? ro7roi<: 7r/)09 ra Xrjanjpia, avrol neiparevovre? 17 Tot? Treiparalfi \a(pvpo7r(i)Xia Kal vavaradfxa

7rap-)(ovre^' ev 'ElBtj

yovu ttoXci tt)? ra vavTTijyia avviararo rol<i KlXi^ip,

Tla/x<l>vXia<;

vtto KrjpVKa

re iircoXovv exel rov<i aXovraf; eXevdepov^ ofwXoyovvre^' Avkioi 5' ovrco rroXLri,KM<i Kal (r(o(f>p6p(0^ ia)vr<; BiereXeaav, coar, eKclvcov Bid rd<; evrvx^a^

6aXarroKparr)adi/roip P'ixpt t^^ 'IraXt'a?,

utt'

o/ao)?

ovBv6<i

^r)pdi]<Tav
rfj

aiaypov
BtoiKtjaei

KepBov<i,

d\V

e/jLetpav

ep

rrarpicp
rpL<;

rou Avkiukov
7ro\6t9

aV(Trrip,aro^. 3. EiVl Be

Kal eiKoai

ai

rt}<;

'^(f>ov /jLre)(ov<raL' avpep^opruL Be e^ cKdari]^ TToXew? 6i9 Koipop avvcBpiop, Tjp dp BoKifxdaoixn ttoXlp e\6p.epot,' rSiP Be iroXewp at fieyiarai /xep

rpiwp

i/r/;rf)6t)j/

C 665

Bvelp, ai
el(T(f>opa<;

earlp eKdcrrrj Kvpia, at Be pLeaat dpd Xoyop Bk xal ra? fiid<;' eUtpepovai Kal rd^ aXXa<i XeirovpyCa^i.
o'

dXXai

3"

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 3.

1-3

I shall peninsula will have been completed. Then outside the pass to the other parts of Asia that are And lastly I shall set forth my account Taurus. of Libya. 2. After Daedala of the Rhodians, then, one comes to a mountain in Lycia which bears the same name as the city, Daedala, whence the whole voyage along the Lycian coast takes its beginning

this coast

extends one thousand seven hundred and stadia, and is rugged and hard to travel, twenty but is exceedingly well supplied with harbours and inhabited by decent people. Indeed, tiie nature of the country, at least, is similar to both that of the Pamphylians and the Tracheian Cilicians, but the former used their places as bases of operation for the business of piracy, when they engaged in as piracy themselves or offered them to pirates markets for the sale of booty and as naval stations. In Side, at any rate, a city in Pamphylia, the dockyards stood open to the Cilicians, who would
captives at auction there, though admitting that these were freemen. But the Lycians continued living in such a civilised and decent way that, although the Pamphylians through their successes gained the mastery of the sea as far as Italy, still they themselves were stirred by no desire for shameful gain, but remained within the ancestral domain of the Lycian League. 3. There are twenty- three cities that share in the vote. They come together from each city to a general congress, after choosing whatever city they approve of. The largest of the cities control three votes each, the medium-sized two, and the rest one. In the same proportion, also, they make
sell their

vol

VI

00

STRABO
^

^^ Be ra? fxeyiara^ (f>r} 6 Apreixihttipo^, S-civOov, UfiTapa, Tlivapa, ''OXv/xirov, Mvpa, TXayp, Kara ^ iv Be rr]v vTTepOeaiv ttjv ft? Ki^vpav Keifievrjv. T(p crvveBpiw irpwrov /xev AvKidpyt)*; aipeiTai, lt dWai ap')(aX at tov <JvaTr}iiaTo^' BiKaari]ptd re

diroBeiKwraL Koivfj' KaX irepl iroXefiov Be kqX Kol aup,fia'x^ia^ e^ovXevnvro rrrporepov, elprjvri^ vvv B* ouK elK6<i, aXk* fVl to?? 'Pw/xatot? TavT
dvdjKy] KciaOai,
rj

ttXtji'

virep

avTwv

eh)

')(pj]aifiov'

el eKeiviov eiriTpey^avrtov, Be teal 6/ioL(i)<i

yjr^<f)Ot.<i

BiKaaral KaX dpxoi'T<; dva \6<yov ral^

i^

ovto) 8' eKaaTTjf; Trpoy^etpl^oprai TroXeco?. fiovfievoL<: avroL<i avve^r) irapa 'Pcofiaioif!
6epoi<i

evpo-

eXevBe

BiareXeaai, ra

rrrdrpia

vepLOvai,

tov<;

Xr](TTa^ eiriBelv dpBrjv r}^avL(Tp.evov<;, irporepov fiev VTTO '^epoviXiov roO ^laavpi/eov, xaO' hv

\p6vov KaX

Ttt

Bk HofiTTTjiov rnv

^Yaavpa eKelvo<; KaOelXcv, varepov Mdyvov, TrXeto) tmv \iXl(i)V KaX

p,7rp7]aavro<;, rh<;

rpLaKoaiwv aKucpcov

Be KaroL-

Kia<i eKKoyJravTOit, rSiv Be irepi.yevop.evwv dvOpcoTrcov ev Tat? fidxai^i Toif^ fxev Karaya'y6vT0<i t<f S0X01/9,

>V

i/celvo'i

UofjunjioTToXiv

onvofxaae, Tov<i B' elf

slvp,T]v^

XenravBpyjnacrav,
pe/jLTai.

yp

pvpX
Be,

'Payfiaiwp

uTTOiKia

oi

iroi-qraX

'Vpa)a<i

TpayiKOi, avy^eovTe<; rd eOpt], KaX tou? Mutrot;? Kal Toif<i AvBov^ ^l^pvya<i Trpoaayopevovaip, oinoa KaX Tov<i AvKiovf; Kapa<;. 4. McTcL B' ovp T^ AalBaXa, to t&v AvKlmp

p.dXiara oi Kaddirep tov^

ii'ripBtffiy,

Corais, for

6Uty

so the later editors.

n 'AiiTTj.ouiroXii'
Avfir^y,

moxz.

Casaubon, for Avu'tfrf

;

ODFhw, ^vvfUvnv

i^

AtSv-

fx4\vriy

jnosxx

so the later editors.

GEOGRAPHY,
midorus said that the

14. 3.

3-4

contributions and discharge other liturgies.^ Artesix largest were Xanthus, Patara, Pinara, Olympus, Mjra, and Tlos, the lastnamed being situated near the pass that leads over At the congress they first choose a into Cibyra. " Lyciarch," and then other officials of the League and general courts of justice are designated. In earlier times they would deliberate about war and
;

peace and alliances, but now they naturally do not so, since these matters necessarily lie in the power of the Romans, except, perhaps, when the Romans should give them permission or it should be for their benefit. Likewise, judges and magistrates are elected from the several cities iti the same proportion. And since they lived under such a good government, they remained ever free under the Romans, thus retaining their ancestral usages and they saw the pirates utterly wiped out, first by Servilius Isauricus, at the time that he demolished Isaura, and later by Pompey the Great, when he set fire to more than thirteen hundred boats and laid waste their settlements. Of the pirates who survived the fights,^ he brought some down to Soli, which he named Pompeiopolis, and the others to Dyme, where there was a dearth of population it is now occupied by a colony of Romans. The poets, however, and especially the tragic poets, confuse the tribes, as, for example, the Trojans and the Mysians and the Lydians, whom they call Phrygians and likewise the Lycians, whom they call Carians. 4. After Daedala, then, I mean the mountain in

do

*
s'

i.e.

public services performed at private expense.

8. 7. 5.

See

315

STRABO
0/309,

ttXtjo-lov ia-Ti TeX^rjaao^i, TroXlx^r)

AvkCwv,

Kot Te\/jLt]craU dfcpa, Xi/xva e^ovaa. eXa^e he TO ')(<i)plov rovro irapa *l?(>ixai(ov Kvfit/rj<i ev r^
T;9

AvTio^iKfp TToXe/jLw, KaTaXvOLcr7j<{ Be Xeta? aireka^ov irdXiv ol Avkiol,

5.

fiaat<f>*

EW*

e^t}<:

Avriicpayo^, opOiov

opo<;,

Kapp,vX^](Tcr6<;, 'xoaplov ev (jxipayyt (pKi]ixevov} Ka\ ^ oKro) ^ xal fxera tovtov 6 Kpdyofi, X(>>v uKpa^

iroXip ofKovvfjLov.

rrepl

ravra pLvOeverai

rcL

oprj

ra
r)

irepl tt;?

l^ifiaipa,

Xt/xaipaf;' ean B' ovk aircodev xal (fxipay^ rt? diro rod alyiaXov dva-

reivovaa.
/xeaoyala,

vTroKCLrai
roiv

Be

ra>

Kpayro [llvapa iv
TroXewp
Ti/judTat,

AvKia.

fieyiaTcov ova a evravda Be T\dvBapo<i

ev

Tjj

tvXov
*

tO"a)9 6fJL(iDVVIJiO<i Tfp

^p(DLK(p' &)9 Kol

drjBoav'

YiavBapeov Kovpr) ')(X(jip'r]i<i Kal yap tovtov k AvKLa<; <f)aaiv.

6.

Et^' 6 E.dvdo<i 7roTa/x6<;, hv '^ipjSiv eKdXovv

^ irporepov dvanXevaavTi S' VTrrjpeTiKoU Bexa TO Ar)T^6v eaTiV virep Be tov lepou <TTaBlov<i C 666 irpoeXOovTi e^rjKovra t) 7ro\f9 '; Tuiv "ZavOifov ecTTt, fieyiaTT) TOiv ev AvkIcl. fxeTO, Be tov 'E.dvdov Yldrapa, Kal avTrj fxeydXrj 7ro\f9, Xifxeva e^ovaa 11 toKal lepov ArroXXddvofi,^ KTia/xa- UaTdpov.

ol

XefMUiof

5*

cKdXeae
ovofia.
*

tijv ev Avklcl, eTreKpuTrjae Be

0fXa'3eX.^O9 eTTicTKevdaa^ \\p<Ti,v6r)v to cf dp^fj^

K.
iv

iy

<pipayyt

^xtj/x/co*'

^apayy7oy

Ktifitvoy

F, ip
6. 181),

tpapayylif Ktljutyoy

other

MSJ:>.

* &KpaSt the editors (following Eustathius on for Kpdyat.

Uiad

'

For

6ktu>

Eustathius

{I.e.)

reads Ho.

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 3.

4-6

Lycia, one comes to a Lycian town near it, Telmessus, and to Telmessis, a promontory with a harbour. Eumenes^ received this place from the Romans in the Antiochian War, but when his kingdom was dissolved the Lycians got it back again. 5. Then, next, one comes to Anticragus, a steep mountain, where is Carmylessus, an inhabited j)lace
situated
in

a ravine

and, after this, to Cragus,

which has eight promontories and a city of the same name. The scene of the myth of Chimaera
is

laid in the neighbourhood of these mountains. Chimaera, a ravine extending up from the shore, At the foot of Cragus, in is not far from them. the interior, lies Pinara, one of the largest cities Here Pandarus is held in honour, who in Lycia. may, perhaps, be identical with the Trojan hero, as when the poet says, "the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood," for Pandareus is said to have been from Lycia. 6. Then one comes to the Xanthus River, which the people of earlier times called the Sirbis. Sailing up this river by rowboat for ten stadia one comes to the Letoiim; and proceeding sixty stadia beyond the temple one comes to the city of the Xanthians, After Xanthus, to Patara, the largest city in Lycia. which is also a large city, has a harbour, has a

temple of Apollo, and was founded by Patarus. When Ptolemy Philadelphus repaired it, he called it Lycian Arsinoe, but the original name prevailed.
1

King
.

of

Pergamum 197-159

B.C.

* * *

us Kol Instead of
.

aTjSoic,

oi irp6Tepoy,

Meineke ejects. F and Meineke read rh

np6Tepov.

ifplv

'AnSWuiPos, the editors, for tepa

vowd.

STRABO
7.

Elra

Mvpa
^

ev

eiKoai

a-TaSloif;
elO'

irrr^p

rf;?

^ kj3o\t} rod AifMvpov TTorap^ov koI aviovn ve^fj (rrahiov; eiKocrt TO, Al/jLvpa 7roXL')^vTj. /xfTa^u 8' eV tw Xe'xGevTL irapdirXtp vrjaia iroWa kol Xf/xei/e?, oiv Koi M67to"T7; prjao<i fcal ttoX^? 6/x(ovvfj,o<;, Koi * >} ev he rfj fxea-oyaia X^P^^ ^^eWo? Kal Kl(t0^vi]. AvTl(f)eX\o<; KOL rj Kipaipa, 779 e/xvijaOrjfiev eiravw. 8. EI^' 'lepa dxpa Kal al X-eXiBoviaL, rpeU VTjaoL rpax^icLi, irdpiaoL to fj,ye6o<;, oaov irevre
\6(f)0v.
'

6a\dTTr]<; iirl fiT(opov

aTaBioi<; dXXi]X(OP Biexova-ai' t/;? Seyfj'i

d^earaaiv
e;^t.

e^aardSiov

p,ia

S'

avrdv Kal

TrpoaoppLOV

evrevOev vo/xi^ovcriu ol ttoXXoI rrjv dpxhv Xa/x^dveiv TOP Tavpov, Bid re rijp uKpav vyjrrjXrfv ovaav Kal KaOrfKovaav diro rwv I^ktiBikmp 6pS)v ro)i' vTrepKei/xepcop T779 Ila/x^uXia? Kal Bch rd<;
irpoKetpeva^ P7]aov<;, xovaa<s
e'7rL<f>ave<t

ri (rrjfxeiop

P rfj daXdrrr) KpaaneBov BiKyjv. ro B* dXtjOe^i uTTo tT;? 'PoBiayp irepaia^ eirl rd 7rpo<; nia-iBiap fiepr) (Tupexv'i ^cttip j) opecvrj, KaXelrat Be Kal avrij

Tavpo^i. BoKovcn Be Kal al yi^eXiBoPLai Kara Kai/wfSov TTO)^ irlnreiP' ro Be Blap/xa Xeyerat rerpaKiadiro Be rf)^ 'Ie/oa<? aKpa^ iirl rrjp yiXioyp araBiwp.

OXfiiav XeiTTOvrat ardBioi rpiaKoaiOL e^tJKOpra

eTrrd' ep rovrois
"OXv/jLTTO^;,
B'

earlp

rj

re Kpdp,fiov<ra koI

7roXt9 fieydXr) Kal opo^ 6f.td)vvp,op, h

Kal ^otPiKov<; KaXelrai' elra K.iopvKO<; alyiaXo^.

*

Atfivpov KF*, Aipvfwv other MSS. Koi, Iwifore rj, Groskurd inserts.
in

i.e.

approximately on the same meridian as CanobuH

Egj'pt.

318

GEOGRAPHY,
7.

14. 3.

7-8

Then one comes

to

Myra, at a distance of

twenty stadia above the sea^ on a lofty hill. Then to the outlet of the Limyrus River, and then, going twenty stadia inland on foot, to Limyra, a small town. In the intervening distance on the coasting
are numerous isles and harbours, are the island Megiste, with a city And in the of the same name, and Cisthene. interior are places called Phellus and Antiphellus and Chimaera, which last I have mentioned above. 8. Then one comes to the promontory Hiera ; and to the Chelidoniae, three rugged islands, which are about equal in size and are about five stadia distant from one another. They lie about six stadia off the shore, and one of them has a landing-place for vessels. Here it is, according to the majority of writers, that the Taurus takes its beginning, not only because of the loftiness of the promontory and because it extends down from the Pisidian mountains that lie above Pamphylia, but also because of the islands that lie off it, presenting, as they do, a sort of conspicuous sign in the sea, like outskirts of a mountain. But in truth the mountainous tract is continuous from the Peraea of the Rhodians to the parts near Pisidia ; and this tract too is called the Taurus. The Chelidoniae are likewise thought to lie approximately opposite to Canobus;^ and the passage thence to Canobus is said to be four thousand stadia. From the promontory Hiera to Olbia there remain three hundred and sixty-seven stadia ; and on this stretch lie, not only Crambusa, but also Olympus, a large city and a mountain of the same name, which latter Then one comes to Corycus, is also called Phoenicus. a tract of sea-coast.

voyage

there

among which

319

STRABO
9. Etra ^ao-ryXt?,^ rpel^ e^ovaa Xifxiva^i, TroXt? virepKeiraL 6* avriy; ra a^i6Xoyo<; Kal Xl/xvr).^ ^oXvfia opo<; koI Tepfirjaaoi;, TliaiBiKr) TroXt? iiriKifiurj TOt? aTVOL<;, 5t' 0)1/ vTTepQaai^ iariv et?

rrjv

icai 6 *A\^avhpo<; Bia rovro MtXfaSa. ^l\V avTfjv, avol^ai /3ov\6/jLevo<; to, arevd. irepl ^PaarjXiBa^ B* earl Kara ddXarrap <TTvd, Bi

(av

^AXe^avBpo^ Trap^yaye

opo<i

can 8' rrjv (nparLav, liXl/jLu^ KaXovfievov, eTTLKeirai Be T(p Oa/i,-

^v\l(p TreKdyeiy arevrjv dTToKelirov irdpoBov 7rl uyreplaif yvfxvovfxeurjPf T(p alyia\a>, rat? p-ev u)(TTe elvat ^datpov rolf; oBevovat, irXrjpp.vpovTt^
irrl

Be Tov TreXdyov; vtto tcov Kupdrcov KaXvrrTO/MCprjv TToXv' r; p,ev ovv Blcl rod 6pov<; vnepfiaai^
'

irepioBov e^et /cat 7rpoadvTT}<; early r<p S* alytaXfp 6 Be AXe^apBpof; t9 Xp(ovraL Kara rd<i evBla^t.

Kal ro irXeov einrpeiruiv ')(ip.epLov p,7r<rcbv Kaipov C 667 7"^ "^^XV' "^P^^ dveivai ro Kvpa wppyjae, Kal oXrjv rrju rjpepav iv vBari yeveadai rijviropeiav arvve/Srj, ecrri p.ev ovv Kal P'ixpt' 6p(f)aXov ^aTTrL^op.evcov.
* avrt] rj TroXf? AvKiaKjj, eirl rcov opwv lBpvp.evT) rSiv irpo^ Wap^vXiav , rov Be koivov rtou AvkUdv ov p^rex^i, Kaff avrrjv Be avvear-qKev.

10. 'O p,ev ovv TronjrTjf TToiel rov<; ^o\vp,ov<i' vtto

yhp rov

repov<; ra>v Avklcop rS)V AvkCcjp

/Sa<rt\&)9 7rp-<p6U 6 BXXpo(f>6vrf)<: eVl Bevrepov

rovrov aOXov
XoXvp,oi(Ti
ol Bl rov<i
1

p^^eaaaro KvBaXlpoiaiv,

AvKiovt irporepov KaXeiadai So\u/aou?

the editors (following Eustathius od Dionyt.

*a<rrf?dst

855).

320

GEOGRAPHY,
9.

14. 3.

9-10

Then one comes to

Phaselis, with three harbours,

Above it lies Solyma, a mountain, and also Termessus, a Pisidian city situated near the defiles, through which there is a pass over Alexander destroyed the mountain to Milyas. Milyas for the reason that he wished to open Near Phaselis, by the sea, there are the defiles. Alexander led his army. defiles, through which And here there is a mountain called Climax, which lies near the Pamphylian Sea and leaves a narrow and in calm weather this pass pass on the shore is free from water, so that it is passable for travellers, but when the sea is at flood-tide it is to a considerNow the pass able extent hidden by the waves. that leads over through the mountain is circuitous and steep, but in fair weather people use the pass along the shore. Alexander, meeting with a stormy season, and being a man who in general trusted to luck, set out before the waves had receded ; and
a city of note, and to a lake.
;

in water

all day long his soldiers marched submerged to their navels. Now this city too is Lycian, being situated on the borders towards Pamphylia, but it has no part in the common League and is a separate organisation to itself. 10. Now the poet makes the Solymi different from the Lycians, for when Bellerophon was sent

the result was that

by the king of the Lycians to the second struggle, " he ^ But others, fought with the glorious Solymi." who assert that the Lycians were in earlier times
1

Iliad

6. 184.

Instead of xifivv, F and Eustathius {I.e.) have GDhos spell the word ^aaiXiSa, F ^i\iSa. ipatv, Kramer, for opdiv.

\invnv.

L2

321

STRABO
vcnepov he Te/j/ztXa?, airo twv ck KprJTrj^ (rvyKaT\66vra)v rep ^apTrrjBovi, /xera Be ravra AvkLov^ cltto \vkov tov WavBlovo^j, ov
(f)da-KOVT^,

eKireaovTa
/xipei
T?)?

t?}?

oiKelaf;

iBe^aro

^apirrjBcov

irrl

'Ofiijpay
^o\v/jLOi'<i

Xeyovaiv ySeXxtou? B* ol (fxiaKovre^; Xeyeadai VTTO rov TTOiijTov TOv<; vvv Mt\i;a9
("-PXV^'

^^X

o/j,o\oyovfiia

irpoaayopevofJLevovfi, irepl

wv

elp/jKafieu,

IV
1.

McTa

fpaarjXiBa^

8'

eariP

17

'OX^ia,

t?)?

Wafi<^vXia<; ('ipxv> /^^ya epvfia, koI fiera Tavrrjv 6 Xeyo/xevo^, a^' irerpa^ vyjn]Xy]<i KaTapaKTTjf; KarapuTTcov Trorafio^ iroXv^ koI ;)^t/xa/9/30)5i79,

ware

uKOveaOai rov yl^6<pov. iroppoiOev TToXf? 'ArraXeta, eVcoz/u/io? rov Krio'airo'i

BiX(Pov, Koi OLKL(TavTo<; ei?
ofiopov,^ a\Xi)V
7rpi6epro<;.

eiTa

^tXa-

KcopvKov, iroXixviov

KaroKLav Koi fiel^o) ^ irepi^oXov ^aa\ K tp r^ /lera^v ^aarjXlBo^*

KoX 'AxTaXeia? BeiKPvadat S/j^jjp re Kal AvpprjaeKireaoPTcop eK rov ^ij^j]<i TreBlov to)v <TQP,

TpwiKcop KiXUoyp
o)? eiprjKe

49 TTjp

nafji(f)vXiap k fiepovst

KaXXtaOepr]*;
6

2.

EW*

KeVrpo?

Trora/io?, hp

apairXevaavrt

araBlov<{ e^rfKOpra Tlepyr] ttoX/?, kcu ttXtjctIop i'rrl * ToTTov TO T^9 Hepyaia^i AprefiiBo^ /j,eTt(opov
acTTjX/Sa E, *a<TiXiSa other MSS. ^iinpoy, Kiamer and later editors transfer as above from a position after KurotKlay.

'

322

GEOGRAPHY,
called

14. 3. 10-4. 2

Solymi, but in later times were called Termilae ^ from the Termilae who came there from Crete with Sarpedon, and after this were called Lycians, from Lycius the son of Pandion, who, after having been banished from his homeland, was admitted by Sarpedon as a partner in his empire, Better is the are not in agreement with Homer. " " Solymi the opinion of those who assert that by poet means the people who are now called the Milyae, of whom 1 have already spoken,"*

IV
After Phaselis one comes to Olbia, the beginning of Pamphylia, a large fortress; and after this to the Cataractes River, so called, which dashes down^ from a lofty rock in such volume and so impetuously Then to that the noise can be heard from afar. a city, Attaleia, so named after its founder Attalus Philadelphus, who also sent a colony to Corycus, a small neighbouring town, and surrounded it with It is said that both Thebe a greater circuit-wall. and Lyrnessus are to be seen between Phaselis and Attaleia, a part of the Trojan Cilicians having been driven out of the plain of Thebe into Pamphylia, as
1.

Callisthenes states.
2. Then one comes to the Cestrus River ; and, sailing sixty stadia up this river, one comes to Perge, a city and near Perge, on a lofty site, to the temple of
;

See

12. 8. 5.
is

12. 8.

5 and 12.

3. 27.

'

The Greek verb

"cataracts."
fj.iKp6v

' fiei^o) iJLiKpSv Cw, merely which has merely fifiCo*

other MSS., except F,

offTjAtSos E, iaaiXiSos other

MSS.

323

STRABO
lepov, ev elO* VTTcp

7rav^yvpi<; Kar ero? (TVvrekclTaL. oaop rerrapaKoma 6a\dTTrj<; ^ TroXt? iarlv injrrjXrf rot? eV (TTaSioi<; XvWiov
ft5

tt)?

Uepyrj^: eiroino^' elra

\l/j,vi]

ev/xeyeOyj^i
7roTafi6<i,

Kat p,Ta ravra 6 Kvpv/jLeBcov

Kwrrpia, ov ava-

irXevcravTi e^rjKOvra Grahiov^; "AcrTrevSo? TToXt?, evavhpovaa iKavCo^, 'Apyeiav KTuafia' vTrepKciTat Be Tavrrj<i Yiervyp^Krao^' elr dX\o<i 7roTa/xo9, xal V7](TLa TrpoKCLfxeva ttoWcl' elra ^IBrj, K^vaalayv
diroLKO^' Xt
fcal
7)

B'

'A07]vd<; lepov.

TrXrjalov B

(TtI

Ki/3vpaTa)v irapaXia twv fjUKpcov' eW* 6 MeXa? TTora/jLO^; kol ix^oppx)*;' elra IlToXe/iat"? 7roX,t9* KoX /JLerd ravO' 01 opoi tt)? Uap^vXla^; koI TO KopaKi]<nov, dp^r) t?}? rpa^^elaf; KiXikIu^. Be TrapdirXov^; dirafj 6 Ila/Ji(t>vXio^ <ndBiol elaiv

C 668

e^aKoaioi recraapdKovra. 3. *t>r}<Tl B' 'Hp6BoTo<: tou? Tlap.(l>vXov^ tojv KaX Ka\;;^ai^T09 elvai Xaoav, /JLerd 'Afx(f>L\6xov rivMv k TpoLw; <TvvaKo\ovdr]advro>v' /jLiydBcop Tovt ixev Bt] TToXXovt: ivddBe Karap^lvai, Tivd^ Bk Ka\xri'09 Be (TKeBaaOfjvat, voXXaxov tt)? 7^9. TOP p,ev KdXxcLVTa ev KXdp^ reXevrrjaai rbv /3iou 4>iial, Tovt Be Xaoif<i fxerd Moyfrov rbv Tavpov virepdevraf;, rovs fiev ev IIa/i<^i'Xia pelvai, rov^ B' ev KiXiKia fiepLadrjvat xal Xvpla fJ^exp^ ical
<t>oivLKr)';,
* 2v\\tov, Jones inserts, following Tz^chucke, who first Meineke emencU noted that this waa the city meant. o'TaSioiS to XvWior.

334

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 4.

2-3

Artemis Pergaea, where a general festival is celebrated every year. Then^ about forty stadia above the sea, one comes to Syllium, a lofty city that is visible from Perge. Then one comes to a very large lake, Capria and after this, to the Eurymedon
;

and, sailing sixty stadia up this river, to Aspendus, a city with a flourishing population and founded by the Argives. Above Aspendus lies
;

River

Petnelissus. Then comes another river and also numerous isles that lie off it. Then Side, a colony of the Cymaeans, which has a temple of Athena; and near by is the coast of the Lesser Cibyratae. Then the Melas River and a mooring-place. Then
;

Ptolemais, a city. And after this come the boundaries of Pamphylia, and also Coracesium, the beginning of Cilicia Tracheia. The whole of the voyage along the coast of Pamphylia is six hundred and forty
stadia,
3. Herodotus^ says that the Pamphylians are the descendants of the peoples led by Amphilochus and Calchas, a miscellaneous throng who accompanied them from Troy and that most of them remained here, but that some of them were scattered to numerous places on earth. Callinus says that Calchas died in Clarus, but that the peoples led by Mopsus passed over the Taurus, and that, though some remained in Pamphylia, the others were dispersed in Cilicia, and also in Syria as far even as Phoenicia.
;

7. 91.

3*5

STRABO

1.

Xeyerai rpax^^ciy

Tt}? KiXiKLaf; Be t^? efo) Be TreSta?rj

rov Tavpov rj fiev rpa\La fiev, ^9 i)

rj

wapaXla
Xwpiov

artvi] ecrTL, koI ovBev

a7ravi(i)<; e^^i' Tt

^9 vTrepKeLTai 6 Tavpo^, '^^^ "^^^ kukw^, irpoaoLKovfievo<; P-^XP'' (36pQ)v irXevpoiv rcov irepl "laavpa koX rovf 'Op,ovaBea<i pexpi t?}? UtatBia^' KaXelrai S' rj avTT) Koi Tpax^iMTi^ fcal 01 evoiKOvvre^t TpaX^iMTar 7re8ta? 5' 77 utto "EoXoiv kuI Tapcrov p^xpt 'IcrcroD, KaX en wv VTrepKeivrai Kara to

eTTLTreBov, kol

en

irpoa^opov rov
avrr)

yap

rj

x^pa

'^(^copa^

dyaOijfi.

liavpov rrXevpov KairirdBoKCf;' ro TrXeov rreBiwv evrropel Ka\ eirel Be rovrcov rh fiev eariv

evro^ rov Tavpov, rd 5' eKro^, irepl pep ra)p ivro<; etptjrai, rrepX Be rayp Kro<i Xeycop^p, diro rcop

Tpax^icorayp dp^dpepoi. 2. IlpMrop roi'pvv earl rdv KtXx/co)!/ <f>povpiOP ro KopaK^aLOP, iBpvp,epop errl irerpa^i d-noppcoyof:, (o expw^'^o A/o^oTo? o Tpv(l)o)v rrpoaayopevBel'; opp,7)Tr)pL(p, Kad' ov Kaipop aTrea-nja-e rtjp lEvplap roip jSaaiXeoyp Kal Bi7roXp.ei rrpb^ Klpov<;, rare rovrop pAp ovp pei' KaropOuiv rort Bh rrraiwp. 6 Atjprjrpiov /caraKXelcxat i^ ri "vwplop *AprLoxo<; rot? Be KlXi'i)pdyKa<je BcepydcraadaL ro aa>p,a. ^ ^iv dpx^JP rov rd rreiparLicd avPLcrraaOai li'pv^MP atriO'i Kareffrrj, Kal // ra)P ^aaiXeoop ovBepeia rcop rare k BiaBox^'i eTnararovvrfOP rrj<; lii/pta? dpa Kal rj](; KiXiKi'a<:' rw yap eKclpov peayrepiap^

dpx^". Oroskurd, for ipx^

the later editors.

326

GEOGRAPHY,
As

14. 5.

1-2

1.
it is

called Tracheia^
its

for Cilicia outside the Taurus, one part of and the other Pedias.^ As for

is narrow and has no level ground, and, besides that, it lies at the foot of the Taurus, which affords a poor livelihood as far as its northern side in the region of Isaura and 01 the Homonadeis as far as Pisidia; and the same country is also called Tracheiotis, and its inhabitants But Cilicia Pedias extends from Soli Tracheiotae. and Tarsus as far as Issus, and also to those parts beyond which, on the northern side of the Taurus,

Tracheia,

coast
;

or scarcely

any

those inside it, let me now speak of those outside beginning with the Tracheiotae.

Cappadocians are situated for this country consists the most part of plains and fertile land. Since some parts of this country are inside the Taurus and others outside it, and since I have already spoken of
;

for

it,

2. The first place in Cilicia, then, to which one comes, is a stronghold, Coracesium, situated on an abrupt rock, which was used by Diodotus, called Tryphon, as a base of operations at the time when he caused Syria to revolt from the kings and was fighting it out with them, being successful at one time and failing at another. Now Tryphon was hemmed up in a certain place by Antiochus, son of

Demetrius, and forced to kill himself; and it was Tryphon, together with the worthlessness of the kings who by succession were then reigning over Syria and at the same time over Cilicia, who caused
the Cilicians to organise their gangs of pirates for on account of his revolutionary attempts others made
;

Rugged

Cilicia.

Level

CSilicia.

3*7

STRABO
avvevecoTepiaav
dBeXcpol Trpo?

koX

aXXoit

Si^oaTarovvri^ t

aW^jXav^ vTroyeipiov eiroLovv rrjv oe twv uvBpaTToScjv TOL<; i7riTL0fivoi<;. rj ')((i)pav e^aycoyi] irpovKoXelTO iiaXiaraeU ra^j Kaxovpyia^f kul yap rfKiaKovTO yevopLevrf iiriKepBeardTrj
Kal TO ifiTTopLOV ov TravreXcof; dncoOev rjp Kal iroXvxprjpaTOV, 17 ^rjXo^;, hvvapevt) fivpidSa<; dvSpaTToBcov avOrjfiepov Kal Be^aadai Kal diroireixy^ai, ware Kal irapoifiiav yeveaOai, hid irdpra T0V70' p,'jTope, KaTdirXevaov, i^eXov,
pahliM)^,

fieya

jreTrparai.

aiTiop

h\

ore

*V(opaLOi
he
T^i;

perd

rrjv

Kapxv^ovo';

nXovaioi yevop-evoi Kal KoplvOov

KaTaa Kat^rjv
C 669
a^po&)9,

0LKTLai<; ixpcovro 7roXXai<i*

opmne^

evTrireiav 01 Xrjaral ravrtjv i^rjvOrjaav

povuT<i.

avTol Kal Xrji^ou^voi Kal aaypareuTroxai 01 rrj^ et? ravTu avvr)pyovv Kal 01 T/}? AlyuTTTov /3a<TiXi'i, exOpol KvTTpov TOt? XvpoL^ 6vTe<i' ovh^ ol 'VohiOL he <bCXoL Tjaav avTolf;, war' ovlev i^oijOow dpa he Kal ol Xrjaral
Trpoairoiovp^voi
<j(oparp,'Tropelv,

dXvrov

rr)v

dXlC ovhe*V(i)paLoi iro) roaov' Tov e<pp6vrL^ov TOiv e^to rovTavpou, dXX* enefiyjrap pep Kal '^KiTTLoyva top ALp.LXiap6p, enter Keyjrofiepov Td efiprj Kal Td<{ iroXei^;, Kal ttuXip dXXov^ tipus' eypcoaap he KaKia twi^ dp-)(0PT<op avp^aipop Tovro, ^ KaTO, yepo<i hiahoxh^ ^V^ dnro SfXeucl Kal TT}p Kov TOV NiKdTopo<;, avTol KeKvposKoTe^;, rjhovvro TovTO he avp,l3dp tj}? p,kv X^P^^ d<t>aipt:l(TOaL. eiroirjae Kvpiov^ IlapOvalov<;, 01 Td vepap rov

KaKovpyiav

el)(ov.

tl Ka\ T-fiy 2

(by correction),

tl r-fjy x, tl$ Ti\v

other

MSS.

328

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5. 2

like attempts at the same time, and thus the dissen sions of brethren with one another put the country

at the

mercy of any who might attack it. exportation of slaves induced them most of
engage in their
profitable
;

The
all

to

evil business, since it

proved most

for not only were they easily captured, but the market, which was large and rich in property, was not extremely far away, I mean Delos, which could both admit and send away ten thousand slaves whence arose the proverb, on the same day " Merchant, sail in, unload your ship, everything has been sold." The cause of this was the fact that the Romans, having become rich after the destruction of Carthage and Corinth, used many slaves and the pirates, seeing the easy profit therein, bloomed forth in great numbers, themselves not only going in quest of booty but also trafficking in slaves. The kings both of Cyprus and of Egypt co-operated with them in this, being enemies to the Syrians. Neither were the Rhodians friendly to the Syrians, and they therefore afforded them no assistance. And at the same time the pirates, pretending to be slave-dealers, carried on their Neither were the Romans evil business unchecked. concerning themselves as yet so much about the but they sent Scipio peoples outside the Taurus Aemilianus, and again certain others, to inspect the and they decided that the tribes and the cities above-mentioned piracy was due to the incompetence of the rulers, although they were ashamed, since they themselves had ratified the hereditary succession from Seleucus Nicator, to deprive them of it. And this is what made the Parthians masters of the country, who got possession of the region on the far
;
;

329

STRABO
fieviov^y ot Koi rrjv

to rekevroLOv Bk Ka\ *ApeVro? tou 'Yavpov irpoaeka^ov fiexpt ffcil <t>oivLKrj^, KaX rov'i ^a(Ti\ea<; KareXvaav ttv hvvafiLv KOL TO yvo<; avrcov avfiirav, rrjv Be
Ev<l)pdrov
Kare(T')(^ov'

OdXaTTav TOt? KiXi^i TrapeBwKav. elr av^rjOevra^ rjvayKdaOtjcrav KaToXvew 'PcofialoL froXefiM Kal fierd arparid'^, ov<; av^ofievov^ ovk K(o\v<Tav. oXiyoypLav fiev ovv avTcov ')(a\e'JTOi> Karayvcovar
X^^po-

Be 6vt<; TOi? eyyvrepo) kol kutcL p.aXKov oux oloL re yaav rd uTrcorepa) ravTa fiev ovv eho^ev 7)p,lv iu irapcK(XKOirelv.
TTpo^

erepoL^

^daei Bid ^pa^ewv

3.

elirelv.

ro KopaKtjaiov *Ap(Tiv6r)^ 7ro\i9, eW^ 'Afia^ia, eirl ^ovvoii KuroiKLa Tt9 v<f)opfiov eyovaa, oirov Kardyerai r) vavKrjyi^aiyLO^ vXrj.
Be

Mera

KeBpo^
fieprj
^

3'

ecrrlv

t)

TrXeicnr}, kol BoKel

ravra to

r^ roiavrr] ^vXela' Koi Bid rovr* Kvr(iivio<i KXeoTrdrpa rd %&)/3ta TaOTa Trpoaeveijiep, eirtr/jBeia ovra tt/jo? rdf t&v aToXwv
irXeovefcrelv

fcaraaKvd<;.

elra AaipTr]<i, <f>povpiov

iirl

X6d>ov

paaroeiBoixi v<f>op/xov exov elra ^Xivov<i TroXt? Kol ^ TTOTa/io?- elra l^pdyo<{^ irerpa Trepi/cptjfxvo^ 7r/)09 OaXdrrrf elra XapaBpov<;, epvfxa Kal avTO iKJinp^ov e^ov (virepKeiTai 6' 6po<; "AvBpiKXof;) kcu
irapdirXov^; *
elr*

Avefxovpiov dfcpa,

rpaxv^, llXaTaviaTrj^f^ KaXov/xevo^' fca6' )i/ 77 rjTreipos iyyv-

1 *kpaiv6r) appears to be corrupt. Hopper conj. 2v8/>^, Tzschucke Ivtipa, C. Miiller Mvi\ais. ' of C MOUer {fnd. ie6\is Koi, Jones inserts, from conj Far. Lect. p. 1031). Meineke, following Groskurd, emends

trvrauSs to t<<Aii.

TWaraviarritt

Meineke, for

irXaTavicTT^j

E,

nXarayitf'T^ff

other

MSS.

GEOGRAPHY,
side of the P^uphrates
;

14. 5.

2-3

and

at last

made

also the

Armenians masters, who not only seized the country outside the Taurus even as far as Phoenicia, but also, so far as they could, overthrew the kings and the whole royal stock the sea, however, they gave over to the Cilicians. Then, after these people had grown in power, the Romans were forced to destroy them by war and with an army, although they had not hindered their growing power. Now it is hard to
;

condemn the Romans of negligence,

since, being

engaged with matters that were nearer and more urgent, they were unable to watch those that were So much I have decided to say by ffirther away. way of a brief digression from my geographical
description.

After Coracesium, one comes to Arsino6,^ a then to Hamaxia, a settlement on a hill, with a harbour, where ship-building timber is brought down. Most of this timber is cedar and it appears that this region beyond others abounds in cedar- wood and it was on this account that Antony for ships
3.

city

assigned this region to Cleopatra, since it was suited Then one comes to to the building of her fleets. Laertes, a stronghold on a breast-shaped hill, with a mooring-place. Then to Selinus, a city and river. Then to Cragus, a rock which is precipitous all round and near the sea. Then to Charadrus, a fortress, which also has a mooring-place (above it and the coast alongside it, called lies Mt. Andriclus) Then to Anemurium, a Platanistes, is rugged. promontory, where the mainland approaches closest to Cyprus, in the direction of the promontory of
;

^
**

"Arsinoe"
"

is

Syedra

or

'*

thought to be an error for "SydriS,"' or Aunesis" (see critical note).

STRABO
Taxft)
tt)?

KfTrpta? icrrlv
(ITTO

cttI

Kpo/xfxvov axpav,
6t?

iv BidpfiaTt
p.V

arahiwv rpiaKO(rlcov ircvr^KOvra.

OVV TO *AvfjLOVpiOV

TWV

OptOV Tijt

TlafJL(f>V-

Xla<; 6 KiXIkio'; irapdirXov^; aTaBicov earlv

oktu-

Koaiwv

etfcoai, Xoitto? 8' ia-rl p^XP''

So\a)i/

oaov

C 670 irevraKoauov

tovtov ^ 3* 7rapd7r\ov(; cjahiwv. eVrl Nttyf So? ^ irpdirr) ^ p^ra to *Avp,ovpiov TToXt?* elr *Ap<tiv6tj irpoaoppov exovaa' elra TOTTO? MeXavla koI K\vSpi<i, TroXtv Xipeva Ttve? 5e ravTrjv dpxh^ rlOeprai t?}? )(ov(Ta. KtXtActa?, ou TO KopaKijaiov, wv earl xal 6 'Aprep,LBcopo<i' Kal <f>r)aiv diro p,V rov Ilrj\ov<naKOv * <naar6paT0<; etvai TpiaxiXi'Ov<; evvaKO<Tiov<t hiov<i 6t9 ^Opdwaiav, eVt he rov ^Opovrrjv irorapov X^Xio, eKarov TpiuKOvra, eVl Be Ta? TruXa? ef^?

iremaKoaia elfcoaLTrevTe, eirl Be rov<; opov<; rS)v KiXUaiv ')(i\ia BiaKoa-ia * e^tJKovra. 4. Et^' "0\p,oi, OTTOV TTporepov wkovv ol vvv

^eXevKcW
V
1

KTLaOeicTTf)^ 8' eirl

r^ KaXvKaBifq)
Kdp,yjravTi.

rrj^

XeXevKclaf;, Kl peTtfiKiaBrjcrav' v9v<i 'yap eariv

ToO

l^aXvKaBvov

K^o\tj

T)i,6va,

TOVTOV, Meineke, for tovto ; others, following Casaubon, read ip tout^. iarX Viiythos, Tischucke, for iarU SltiIos Dj, iorXv ft^iSot

other

MSS.
Oroakurd, for irpwroi
;

irpuTTj,

so the later editors.

ivvaKoaiovi,

Meineke (following Casaubon and Groskurd)

(following Casaubon and Groskurd)

emends to
'

i^aKocriovs. hiaK6<Tta, Meineke

emends

to iyaK6<rM.
6. 3.

Cp. 14.

Elsewhere

(16.

2.

33)

referred

to

as

"Melaenae or

Melaiiiae."

33*

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

3-4

Crommyus,^ the passage across being three hundred Now the coasting-voyage along and fifty stadia. Cilicia from the borders of Pamphylia to Anemurium is eight hundred and twenty stadia, whereas the rest, as far as Soli, is about five hundred stadia. On this latter one comes to Nagidus, the first city then to Arsinoe, which has a after Anemurium landing-place then to a place called Melania,^ and
; ;

to Celenderis, a city with a harbour.

Some

writers,

Artemidorus, make Celenderis, not Coracesium, the beginning of Cilicia. And he says that the distance from the Pelusian mouth ^ to Orthosia is three thousand nine hundred stadia to the Orontes River, one thousand one hundred and thirty; to the Gates* next thereafter, five and to the borders ^ of hundred and twenty-five the Cilicians, one thousand two hundred and sixty.* 4. Then one comes to Holmi, where the present Seleuceians formerly lived but when Seleuceia on the Calycadnus was founded, they migrated there for immediately on doubling the shore, which forms a promontory called Sarpedon, one comes to the
is
;
;

among whom

'

" Elsewhere (14. 5. 19), " Pylae ("Gates") is called "a boundary between the Cilicians and the Syrians." ^ i.e. the western borders (Celenderis, according to Artemi-

The mouth

of the Nile at Pelusium.

dorus).
Elsewhere (16. 2. 33) the MSS. give the Artemidorus as follows: "From Orthosia to

figures of

Pelusium, 3650 stadia, including the sinuosities of the gulfs; from Melaenae, or Melaniae, in Cilicia near Celenderis, to the common boundaries of Cilicia and Syria, 1900; thence to the Orontes, 520 and then to Orthosia, 1130." Groskurd, Forbiger, and Meineke (see critical note) accept these figures and emend the present passage correspondingly,
;

333

STRABO
r) KaXelrai ^ap7rtjBd)p. trXtjaiov tov KaXvKaSvov Kal to Z(f>vpiov, xal avrr) uKpa' ')(!, he 6 7roTafj,b<i avdirXovv eh rrjv ^eXevKciav, tt6\lv ev (rvpoiKovfievrfv koI rroXv a(l)aT(jt)(Tav rov K^iXiKinv xal na/x<f)vXLov Tponov. evravOa eyevovTO KaO^ v/id'; avhpe^ a^ioXoyoi twv K rov TrepiiraTov <^l\o(t6<^(i)v Adrjvai6<i re xal

TToiovaav aKpav,
8'

ecyrX

'Berapxo'i, Mv 6 fxev 'AO^vaio^i Kal iiroXireva-aro Kal iBrj/xaycoyrjae xpovov riva iv rfj rrarpihr elr e^irreauiv eh rrjv Movpi]va <^iXiav eKelvro (TwedXcj Kara Kaiarapo^ rov tt}? <f)evy(i}v, <l)0)paOeL(Tr}<; Xe^aa-rou (Tvara0Larj<i eV'/SofX?)?* dvairio<; he
(jiaveh d(f)L6r}

eh

'V(o/jLr}v

vivo Kaiaapo'^. Kal rjaird^ovro

ou? 5' erraviovra irrvvOdvovro oi

<f)rj'

rrpoiroi eVTL"y;;!^a/'0z^Te9, to
rjKco,

toO "Rvpnrlhov

veKpuyv Kev6fx5)va vat (TKorov irvXa^ Xnrd)v.

XP^^^^ ^^ a-VfiTrroxret rrj^ ^ mkci, ht(f)0dpri, vvKreop yevofievrj, "Sevapxo^ he, ov r^KpoaadfieOa rj/xeh, iv oiK^y fiev ov TToXv hterpiylrcv, ev 'AXe^avhpela he xal kdi]vi)(n Kal ro reXevralov ev 'Pcofirj, rov iraihevriKOi' ^iov eXofievov XPV^d/j.vo^ he Kal rfj *ApeL0v^ (f>iXi,a Kal fierd ravra rfj Kalcrapo^ rov Xe^aarov hiereXeae p^e^pL yijpcof; ev rip^ dyooXiyov
h'

eTri/Siov^;

OLKLa';,

ev

fxevos' p.iKpov he rrpo tt;?

oyjni' 5.
*

reXevrri<;

TrrjpwOeh rijv
JJoiKiXr) Xeyoas Casaubon

Karearoeyp-e voaro rov ^iov.

MeT^

he rov

KaXvKahvov

i)

jj 'Pwurji

appears to be an error for ^f

'?ifii\s,

and Kramer suggest.

334

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

4-5

outlet of the Calycadnus. Near the Calycadnus is also Zephyrium, likewise a promontory. The river affords a voyage inland to Seleuceia, a city which is well-peopled and stands far aloof from the
Cilician

and Pamphylian usages.

Here were born

in

my

time noteworthy

men

of the Peripatetic sect

Of philosophers, Athenaeus and Xenarchus. these, Athenaeus engaged also in affairs of state and was for a time leader of the people in his
of

and then, having fallen into a friendship with Murena, he was captured along with Murena when in flight with him, after the plot against Augustus Caesar had been detected, but, being
native land
;

clearly

proven

And when, on

guiltless, he was released by Caesar. his return to ^ Rome, the first

men
:

greeting him and questioning ^ him, he repeated the following from Euripides "I am come, having left the vaults of the dead^ and the gates of darkness." But he survived his return only a short time, having been killed in the collapse, which took place in the night, of the house in which he lived. Xenarchus, however, of whom I was a pupil, did not tarry long at home, but resided at Alexandria and at Athens and finally at Rome, having chosen the life of a teacher ; and having enjoyed the friendship both of Areius and later of Caesar Augustus, he continued to be held in honour down to old age but shortly before the end he lost his sight, and then died of a disease. 5. After the Calycadnus one comes to the rock
;

who met him were

" To "

is
1.

Hecuba

apparently an error for "from." ^ i.e. Hades.

;

'Apdov, Tzschucke, for 'Apiov

so the later editors.

335

STRABO
fievrj

exovcra XaTO/JLrjrrjv eV) 'Ave/Movpiov aKpa, 6/i(ovv/jio<; rfi rrporepa, koX Kpd/M^ovaa i/^<ro9 Kal KoopvKO^ uKpa, vTTep ^9 eV ciKocri arahlot^ iari TO KaypvKiov avrpov, iv (p t) apCarr} KpoKO*;
Trirpa,
'S^eXev/ceiap

KXi/xaKa ayovaav.

elr

<f)Vrai.

eart.

Be

KOL\a<;

fieydXtj

KVKXoTcpr^y
7ravra)(^66v avTTjv dpa>-

C 671 exovaa
iKapa)<;

'irepiKetfjLepyjv 6<f)pvv rrcTpcoSr], vy^r)Xr)v' KaTa^dvrt 8' et?

fjLaXop iariv eBa(j)o<;

6ap,poi)Bou<; vX7)<i deidaXov<i re irapeairapTaL Be Kal to, eBd^rf ra

Be

Trj<i

xal to ttoXv TrerpwSe?, fiearop Kal rfp.epov'

(^epopra ttjp Kal dpTpop avroOc, exop Tnjyijp fieydXrjPf irorapiop e^ielaap KaOapov re xal Bta<f)apov'i vBaTo<;, evdiff; KaTaTTiTrropTa viro yij^'

KpoKOP.

ecrri Be

ipex^eU 8' d(f)apr)<; e^eicrip KaXovGL Be TliKpop vBcop.

6.

et?

ttjp

ddXarrav
fierh
ttjp

ElO^

T}

""EXaiovaaa

P7J(ro<;

KcopvKOP, TrpocTKei/xeprj rrj rjireiprp, t)p avp(t>Kt(TP 'ApxXao<; Kal KareaKevdaaro ^acriXeiop, Xa^ibv rr)p Tpaxi(OTip KiXiklup oXrjp irXrjp 'ZeXevxela^, KaO^ OP rpoTTOP Kal W/xvptu^ rrpoTcpop elx^ Kal

en

TTpoTepop

rod TOTTOv
6po)p

7rp6<;

KXeoirdrpa. eix^vov^ yap 6vro^ rd Xrjarrjpia Kal Kara yrjp xal

yrjp
/jlcp

Kara OdXarrap {Kard

Kal
TOiP

virepKei/JLepoyp

Bid to fxeyeOo^ tS)p eOvuyp, nreBia Kal

yewpyia Xoptq)p fieydXa Kal evKaTaTpoxacrTa, KaTd OdXaTTap Be Bid ttjp eviroplap t^9 t
*

*E\ooD<r(ro,

the editors, for

'Z\fov<r(ra

(and
*

'EAoG<ra).

i.6. the Pictured Rock. Croats KcUivtu, which yields saffron. Bitter Water. See 12.

3 above.

2. 7.

GEOGRAPHY,
Poecil^,^ as
it is

14. 5.

5-6

called, which has steps hewn in it Seleuceia ; then to Anemurium, a promontory, bearing the same name as the former,^ and to Crambusa, an island, and to Corycus, a promontory, above which, at a distance of twenty stadia, is the Corycian cave, in which the best It is a great circular hollow, with crocus ^ grows. a rocky brow situated all round it that is everywhere Going down into it, one comes to a quite high. floor that is uneven and mostly rocky, but full of trees of the shrub kind, both the evergreen and those that are cultivated. And among these trees are dispersed also the plots of ground which produce the crocus. There is also a cave here, with a great spring, which sends forth a river of pure and transparent water ; the river forthwith empties beneath

that lead to

the earth, and then, after running invisible underIt is called ground, issues forth into the sea. Picrum Hydor.* 6. Then, after Corycus, one comes to Elaeussa, an island lying close to the mainland, which Archelaiis settled, making it a royal residence,^ after he had received ^ the whole of Cilicia Tracheia except Seleuceia the same way in which it was obtained

formerly by Amyntas' and still earlier by Cleo for since the region was naturally well patra adapted to the business of piracy both by land and by sea by land, because of the height of the mountains and the large tribes tliat live beyond them, tribes which have plains and farm-lands that are large and very easily overrun, and by sea, because of the good
;

i.e.
'

from the Romans

12. 5. 1.

(see 12,

1, 4).

See

See

3 above.

337

STRABO
vavmi'yrjaifJLOV v\r)<; Kal twu Xi/ievcov xal ipvfiarwv Kol vTTohvTTjpiwv), iBoKCL 7r/309 airav to TOiovTO ^aaCkevecrOai ixaXKov tov<; tottov^, ^ VTTO TOL<; 'F(o/jialoi<: yjye/ioaiv elvai, to?? eVl t^9
KpL<T6t<; 7refj.7ro/JLeroL<i, ot /i^yV del

/jL^re
irpo^i

jxed''

ottXcov.

ovtco

TJ]

KaTTTraBoKLa

irapelvai e/ieWov, fih ^Apx^^ao^ eXa^e Trjv rpax^iav KtXiKLav.

elal

opoi ^E\aiovacry<i
opoivvpof;.

8'

Kal "EoXayv re Tavrrjf; /xera^v ^ koX 6 Trorapios Kd)p,rj Aa/xo?

7. Kara Bk Ta? aKpcapeia^; rov Tavpov to ZrjviKerov TreLparjjpiov <niv 6 "OXu/xtto?, opo^ T Kal (f)povpiov opoDvvpov, d<f>* ov Kar07rTVTat iraaa AvKta Kal Hapc^vXia Kal TlicriBla Kal
^ rov 'ItravM.iXvd<;' aXoi/TO? Be rov opov^ viro iravoiKLOv. tovtov S* eveirpricrev eavrov
r)v

piKov,

Kal 6 Ka)pvKO<; Kal

t)

Tcov Tlap(f>vXo)v

xwpia'

<t>a(T7jXU^ Kal ttoWA 'jrdvra 8' elXev 6 ^\(Tav-

plKO^. Be AdpLOv "EoXol ttoXi? d^toXoyo^, KiXiKLa^ ^PX'I "^V^ irepl rov ^laaov, ^Kyaiwv Kal 'VoBicov Kr la-pa rcov k AlvBov t? ravrrjvXeiiravBpriaaaav WopTrvfio^i ^Idyvof; Kar^KLce rov^ rrepLyi>op.i'Ov<i rdv Treiparcjv, ob^ paXiara eyvco (Twrrjpiafi Kal irpovoia^i ri.vo<i d^iov^t
8.
Trj<i

Mera

dXXr)<;

Kal perojvopacre Y]op,7rT}i67roXiv.* yeyovaai 5* dvBpe^ evQkvBe rwv 6vop,aaru)v Xpuanrvo^ re o

ar(i)LKo<;
*

(f)iX6ao<t>o<;,

7rarp6<; u)v Ta/xreo)?

other

eKeWev
MSS.
;

Aa/xos, Tzscliucke, for Adyfios C, Acfr/toj

&if6,

the later editors,

'

Casaubon inserts

so the later editors.

-PaaiKis.

4>a(njX/j,

the editors, for

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

6-8

supply, not only of shipbuilding timber, but also of harbours and fortresses and secret recesses with all this in view, I say, the Romans thought that it was better for the region to be ruled by kings than to be under the Roman prefects sent to administei justice, who were not likely always to be present or to have armed forces with them. Thus Archelaiis received, in addition to Cappadocia, Cilicia Tracheia ; and the boundary 1 of the latter, the river Lamus and the village of the same name, lies between Soli and Elaeussa.

lies

Near the mountain ridges of the Taurus ^ the piratical stronghold of Zenicetus I mean Olympus, both mountain and fortress, whence are
7.

visible all

Lycia and Pamphylia and Pisidia and but when the mountain was captured by Isauricus,^ Zenicetus burnt himself up with his
Milyas
;

whole house. To him belonged also Corycus and Phaselis and many places in Pamphylia but all were taken by Isauricus. 8. After Lamus one comes to Soli, a noteworthy city, the beginning of the other Cilicia, that which is round Issus it was founded by Achaeans and Rhodians from Lindus. Since this city was of scant population, Pompey the Great settled in it those survivors of the pirates whom he judged most * and he worthy of being saved and provided for
;
; ;

Among the changed its name to Pompeiopolis. famous natives of Soli were Chrysippus the Stoic philosopher, whose father had moved there from
:

i.e.

on the

east.

*
*

'

Servilius Isauricus.
*

in Lycia. Cf. 8. 7. 5.
i.e.

has

Uofiir-qtoviroXiv,

339

STRABO
fieroiK^aavTO^y koX <i>iXrifiu)V, 6 KWixiKO^i 7roif)Trj^, Kal ''ApaT09, o to, (f)aiv6fjiva auyypdyjra^ ip
7rea-LV.

9.

Etra

KaBv^'^

eW

Ze(f)vpiov

6/jl(ji)vv/jlov

rw
'

7rpo<;

Ka\v-

'A^^tdX,^; fiiKpov virep

t?}<?

0a\dTTTj^,

KTia^a ^aphavairdWov, ^tjctIv ApiaTo^ovXo^' C 672 ivTavOa 6' elvai /jLvrj/ia roO '^apBavairdWov koI TVTTOV \i6ivov, crvfi^dWovTa tou? t^9 Sefta? %epo? BaKTvXovfi, o)? av aTTOfcpoTovvra,^ Kal
7rtypa<f)r)V

elpoL

*Aa-(TvploL<;
'

ypd/j,p,aai

roidvSe-

'EapBavdiraWo'; 6 AvaKvvBapd^eu) Trat?, 'A7;!^<ttXrjp Kal Tapaov eBeipLev ypiprf fiifj' ecrdie, irive, Tral^e, o)? raWa^ tovtov ovk d^ia, rov diroKpo/jL/xvy]TaL Be Kal Xot/9t\o9 rovrcov xal TTjpaTO^.^ Btj Kal TrepKpeperai ra eirrj ravri'

TavT

X(o,
p(OT0<i

oaa

e<f)ayov

Kal d<^v^pL<Ta Kal pLCT

6Xj3La

repTTv erraOov, XeXeLirrai.

rd

Be

iroWd Kal

Kclva

10. 'TTrepKecrat, Be
epvfxa,
* *

rd KvivBa t^9 *Ay)^idXrj^ ixPV^C'V'^o irore ol MaKeBove*; ya^o<f>v-

KaKvKdZvtf) Einotrz, KaKvSytf other MSS. Before Kai, all MSS except E re<a(l (ytoi S^. * After tJaao, Aid. adds iyBpiiirtya, apparently from Arrian 2. 5. * After iiwoHpoT-huoTo^, the following verses (obviously an interpjlation), inserted by all editors from Casaulwn to Corais, are in DVhi found only in the margin and in Cgtr preceded by the words rb i\oy iiriypafifjia: ti tlSws, 2ti Byrrrhs f<pvi, ahy dvfihv if|,
rff>w6ixtyoi floAi'pcnKal yhp iyit axoi6s
//*,

6ay6yri roi 06 Tit 6yrj<rts. Niyov fityiXrji $a(ri\v<rar

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

8-10

Tarsus; Philemon, the comic poet; and Aratus, who wrote the work entitled The Phaenomena, in
verse.
9.

Then

to

name
above

as the place near Calycadnus.^ the sea, to Anchiale, which,

Zephyrium, which bears the same Then, a little

according to

Here, Aristobulus, was founded by Sardanapallus. he says, is the tomb of Sardanapallus, and a stone figure which represents the fingers of the right hand as snapping together, and the following in" Sardanapallus, the scription in Assyrian letters son of Anacyndaraxes, built Anchial6 and Tarsus
:

in

things

Eat, drink, be merry, because all are not worth this," meaning the snapping of the fingers. Choerilus also mentions and indeed the following verses this inscription " Mine are all that I have are everywhere known eaten, and my loose indulgences and the delights of love that I have enjoyed ; but those numerous

one day.
else

blessings have
10.

been

left

behind."

at
1 *

Cyinda, a fortress, which one time was used as a treasury by the Mace-

Above Anchiale

lies

14. 5. 4.

of the epigram, as found in some of the MSS. " Well aware that thou art nature mortal, magnify the desires of thy heart, delighting by there is no enjoyment for thee after thyself in merriments death. For I too am dust, though I have reigned over great Ninus. Mine are all the food that I have eaten, and my loose indulgences, and the delights of love that I have enjoyed ; but those numerous blessings have been left behind. This to mortal men is wise advice on how to live."

The whole

(sue critical note), is as follows

tout' eX'^'
riSe
(ro<l>ii

^^''^

Icpayov

kolI

repirv' tiraOov,

to Se iroKKa koX oXfiia

icpv^piaa Koi fier' epouros Ke'iva \e\enrTai.

hvdp(i>iroi(Tiv.

^i6toio irapaivfais

STRABO
XuKLtp'
r)pe

he
Ti

ra
6'

')(prj/xaTa

Kvfiivrjfi,

AvTcyovov.
'EoXcov 6 pel VI]

virepOev rovrov

re

diroarht: Koi ro)v

exovcra,
lpv<i

Aiavro<;
ttj

ear IV, ev y "OX^rj 7r6\i<;, Ato? lepbv 6 teal l[Bpv/xa rou TevKpov
eyivero
he

Bvva<TTr}<i

eireOevro

%a)/)a
rr/v
B'

t^? TpaYe/coTtSo?* eW rvpavvoi ttoXXoI, kuI avveaTi)

rrjv

ra
ecf)

Xrjarrjpia.
i)fj.a)v

ixera

rovrayv KardXvaiv

yjBr]

CKaXovv,

rj)v

rov TevKpov Bvvacrreiav ravrrjv avrr]v kuI 'lepwavvrjv KaX ol

TrXeiaroL ye rcov lepacrafxevcDv uivofxdl^ovro TevKpoi elaiovcra 3' "A/Sa Kar^ eiriyapiiav et? 7] Atavre<;. rov oLKov rovrov, rj Ziyvocfxlvovfj Ovydrrjp, evo^
rcov

rvpdvvcov, avrt] Karearye

ri]v

dp^ijv,

rrpo-

Xa^ovro^ rov 7rarp6<i ev entrpoTrov <T;\;?;/xaTf varepov Be kol 'Avrcovin^ kul KXeondrpa kutcXaplcravro
eireiO'
rj

Klvtj,

OepaTrtiaa
S'

p,ev
i)

KareXvdrj, to??

eKXirraprjdevr&i' aTro rov yevov^;

Biepetvev

dpyji')-

p.erd Be rrjv

WyxidXrjv

a'l

rov

}^vBvov CK^oXal Kara ro 'PPjyfxa /caXovfjjevov. eari Be Xt/xvu^oiv rowo^, e;^foi/ /cal rraXaid vecopia, eU ov eKTriirrei o VivBvo^ 6 Biappitov fieai)v rrjv
TapcTov, rd<i
rrj'i

dp^d^ ^X^^

"'^''

"^^^

vTrepKet/xevov
7/

TToXefo^

Tavpov

Kai eariv eiriveiov

Xifivr^

r7J<i

Tapaov.
Bevpo
t)

C 673

^^' ^^^XP'^ /^^^ ^V rr}^ 'PoBlojv 7repaia<;

cIt'

vapaXta rrdaa,

drro

dp^a/xevTj, rrpo^

l(TTjp,eptvd^

avaroXa<i airo rcov o/xcovvfxcov eKreiverai Bvaeoav errl rr)v x^^M-^P'-^V^ dvaroXrjv 7n(rrp(f>ei
fjBrj

f^expt *l(Taov, Kdvrevdev

rrpo's

KafJLrrrjv

vorov

p^exp'*

^otvLKT)<{,

ro

Be

Xafij3dpt Xoirrov Trpo^

i.e.

straight east and west.

GEOGRAPHY,
donians.

14. 5.

lo-ii

But the treasures were taken away by Eumenes, when he revolted from Antigonus. And still above this and Soli is a mountainous country, in which is a city Olbe, with a temple of Zeus, founded by Ajax the son of Teucer. The priest of this temple became dynast of Cilicia Tracheia and then the country was beset by numerous tyrants, and the gangs of pirates were organised.
;

And after the overthrow of these they called this country the domain of Teucer, and called the same and most of the also the priesthood of Teucer
;

were named Teucer or Ajax. But Aba, the daughter of Xenophanes, one of the tyrants, came into this family by marriage and herself took
priests

possession of the empire, her father having preBut viously received it in the guise of guardian. later both Antony and Cleopatra conferred it upon her as a favour, being moved by her courteous
entreaties.

And then she was overthrown, but the After empire remained with her descendants. Anchiale one comes to the outlets of the Cydnus,
near the Rhegma, as it is called. It is a place that forms into a lake, having also ancient arsenals and into it empties the Cydnus River, which flows through the middle of Tarsus and has its sources in the city Taurus, which lies above Tarsus. The lake is also the naval station of Tarsus. 11. Now thus far the seaboard as a whole, beginning at the Peraea of the Rhodians, extends towards the equinoctial east from the equinoctial west,^ and then bends in the direction of winter sunrise ^ as far as Issus, and then forthwith takes a bend and the towards the south as far as Phoenicia
; ;

South-east (see Vol.

I, p.

105, note 2).

343

STRABO
ovv d\T)0<; outo? iariv 6 aiTo Tapaov koI T^}9 iK0o\rj<; tov KvBvov ro yap e\d'X}<^T0V i^ ^Afuaov fMexpt- ^A/jLLaov' hidcnrifia eirX rov<; KlXlkwi/ opov^: tout* eariv ivrevOev Be CKarov elKoaiv elaiv 6t9 Tapaov ^ eVl rrjv ix^oXyv (TTiiBioi, KciKeWev ov TrXetof ? rod KvBvov. kol firjv iiri ye ^laaov kol tijv Kar avr)]V OdXaTTav ovt uXXt] 6B6<i avvrofiuyTepa (Trlv e'l ^AfMiaov t?}? Bid TapaoVy out K Tapaov iirl ^laaov iyyvTcpco earXv ^ eiri KvBvov, otare BrfXov, OTL Tat9 fikv dXr}06Lat<; ovto^ &v eirj 6
hv(Tiv f^)(pi <ttt[\5)v reXevTa. 6 laOfio<; T^9 TTepLdihevfievr}^

to

fiev

')(ppovri(TOV

Ia6fi6<;,

XeyeraL

8'

o/x.&)9

P'^XP''

"^^^

^IcraLKov

Bid koXttov, TrapaKXeTTTovTccv Btd to aTjp^icjBe^;. Be TOUT avro Kal rrjv k rfj<i 'FoBla<i ypap,p,^u, fjv

peypt rod KvBvov Karrfydyop^v, rrjv avrrjv aTTO(fxtLvopev^ rfj pe^p^ 'I(jo"oO, ovBkv irapd tovto
iroiovpevoi, Kal rov Tavpov (f>apv BitJkcip eV* evOela^i rjiBe ttj ypappfj pexpt t^? 'Ii^St/o/?. 12. 'H Se Tapaov Kclrai pkv ev rreBCtp, Krla^ia

earl tcop p,e7d TpiTrroXepov irXavr^OevTOiV Apyeitov Kard ^rfTrfcnv 'loO?' Biappel 8' avrrjv pearjv 6 KvBvo<i Trap avro ro yvpvdaiov ra>u veoDV are Btj t^? Tnjyfjf; ov ttoXv dircddev ovarj^,
B*
^

fcal

v6v<i 6t9 rrfv iroXiv eKirLirTovro';,

rov peidpov Bid <j>dpayyo^ ^a6tLa<i lovrofy elr y^vxpov re KaX

1 The translator irW, after Aious, all MSS. except F. believes, with C. Miiller, that Strabo wrote iBlofii)Kovta (t.<.

and not

').

h-Koipvdyon*v,

Groskurd and the

later editors, instead of

'

i.e.

the Pillars of Heracles at Gibraltar.

344

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

11-12

remainder extends towards the west as far as the Pillars^ and there ends. Now the truth is that the actual isthmus of the peninsula which I have described is that which extends from Tarsus and the outlet of the Cydnus to Amisus, for this is the shortest distance from Amisus to the boundaries of Cilicia and the distance thence to Tarsus is one hundred and twenty stadia, and the distance from there to the outlet of the Cydnus is no more than that. And in fact to Issus, and the sea near it, there is no other road from Amisus which is shorter than that through Tarsus, and Tarsus is not nearer to Issus than to the Cydnus ^
;
;

and therefore

it is
;

clear that in reality this

be the isthmus but still people call extends as far as the Gulf of Issus the true isthmus, thus betraying the facts because of the significance of the gulf. And it is because of this very thing that I, without making any accurate distinctions, represent the line from Rhodes, which I have prolonged to the Cydnus, to be the same as the line extending as far as Issus, and also assert that the Taurus extends in a straight line with that line as far as
India.

would that which

and it was 12. As for Tarsus, it lies in a plain founded by the Argives who wandered with Triptolemus in quest of lo and it is intersected in the middle by the Cydnus River, which flows past the very gymnasium of the young men. Now inasmuch as the source of the river is not very far away and its stream passes through a deep ravine and then empties immediately into the city, its discharge is both cold and swift and hence it is helpful both
;

i.6.

the outld of the Cydnus, at Rhegma.

VOL. VI.

^^^

STRABO
ra^v TO
p0l^O/JLV0l<i

pevfia eariv, oOev Koi Tol<t trax^vevpovai KOI KT7]V(Tl KOl dvOpCtiTTOKi ilTLKOVpel.
<f)i\o(7o<plav

13. TocrauT?; he
trpo'i

toU ivddhc dvOpdnrot^ (nrovhr) Kal rr^v dWrjv iraiSeiav

iyKVKXiov diraaav yiyovep, Mad' VTrep^ejSXrjvTat KoX AOijva<i Kal 'AXe^dpSpetav Kal et rwa dWov roTTov Svvarov eliTelv, iv m axoXai Kal hiarpi^al
(l)i.\ocro(fi(DV

ycyovaai.

hia^epei he roaovrov,

on

evravaa
L(TL,

fiev oi (^iXofiadovvTe^ eTTi^wpioi iravre^

^evoi o

ovK

ovToi fiiuovaiv
KBi]p.i](TavT^,

7r iBT]fj,ov(Ti paBlfo^' ovh' avTol Kal reXeiovvrai auTodi, Kal TeXeicodevTe^ ^evuevovaiv

dWd

5' oXlyoi. raU 5' dXXai^ TjhecD^, KajepxovTai iroXecnv, a? a/jxtw? elirov^ irXrjv 'AXefaj/Speta?, avrd^ (TVfx^aivei rdvavria' <f)oiTMai, ydp t9 674 TToWot Kal Siarpl^ovcriv avroOt, da-fievoi, rtjv 8'

ov TToXXovt; out' dp e^co <j)oir(OPra'i avrodi irepl tovto <nrovBd^oPTa<^' AXe^avhpevai 5* dpa^orepa avfi^aiver Kal yap Sexovrai ttoWou? tmp ^cpcop Kal eKirefiTTovai rSyv ISlcop ovk 6Xiyov<;. Koi eiat a-\o\al Trap' auTot? iraPToBaTral tcop Trepl Xoyov^ r evaphpel Kal irXeiarop re)(V(OP, Kal rdXXd hvparai, top t/}? fMrjrpo7r6XCD<i eirexovaa Xoyop.
CTTixoypt'Ciyi'

iBoi^

Kara

(fyiXo/ndOeiap, out*
'

14.

"ApBpe^;
TL

aTcoiKMP
NeaTw/o" KopBvXlcop

6' e^ avTrj^ yeyovaai tmp fxep ApTitraTpo^ t Kal Apxehrj/xo^ Kal

'

'

8'

AdijpoScopoi

Bvo,

wp

flip,

KaXovp,epo<i,

aupefiiaya-e

M.dpK^

i.e.

to their school*.

346

GEOGRAPHY,
to

14. 5.

12-14

sinews,

to cattle that are suffering from swollen they immerse themselves in its waters. 13. The people at Tarsus have devoted themselves so eagerly, not only to philosophy, but also to the whole round of education in general, that they have surpassed Athens, Alexandria, or any other place that can be named where there have been schools
if

men and

and lectures of philosophers. But it is so different from other cities that there the men who are fond of learning are all natives, and foreigners are not inclined to sojourn there neither do these natives
;

they complete their education and when they have completed it they abroad are pleased to live abroad, and but few go back But the opposite is the case with the home. other cities which 1 have just mentioned except Alexandria for many resort to them and pass time there with pleasure, but you would not see many of
stay there,
;

but

the natives either resorting to places outside their country through love of learning or eager about purWith the Alexandrians, suing learning at home. ^ however, both things take place, for they admit many foreigners and also send not a few of their own citizens abroad. Further, the city of Tarsus and in general has all kinds of schools of rhetoric it not only has a flourishing population but also is most powerful, thus keeping up the reputation of
;

the mother-city.2 14. The following men were natives of Tarsus among the Stoics, Antipater and Archedemus and Nestor; and also the two Athenodoruses, one of whom, called Cordylion, lived with Marcus Cato
:

i.e.

in spite of the fact that so

many

able

men

leave the

city

and never return.

347

STRABO
Kdroyvit koX erekevra^ irap eKelv^, 6 Bk tov hv koI KapavCrrjv (f>aalv airo Kco^rj'; Tti'69, Kalaapo^i KaOr)y^<raro /cat Tt/A^<? eri/^^c fiyaXr]<;' Kariwv re et? t^i^ TrarplSa -ijBrf yrjpaib^
XfipS(ovo<;,

KareXvae
(fiepo/xevrjv
fjLV

rrju

viro

Kadecrrdaav TroXiTelav, Kaxta^i re a\Xo)v koI BorjOoO, kukoO

TTOirjTOV,

KUKOV

Bk

TToKCtOV,

STJfJLOKOTrlai^

5' avrov xal rb irXeov. 7ri]pe 'AvTa>i/t09, KUT* apx^^ aTroBe^dfiepo^ to 'ypa<f>V t? TT}v iv ^iXl7nroi<; vLktjv eiro*;, Kal en /xdWov

ia'XvaavTO'^

evyepeia r) eTmroXdi^ova a irapa rot? TapaevatP, dTTav<nw<; a^eBid^eiv irapa )(pf)/jLa irpo^ TTjp BeBofiepijp vTToOeaiP' Kal Br) koI yvfipatriapdpri yvfxvaX^^i' vTroaxofiepo^f Tapcrevari tovtop ^ aiupXov KareaTrjcre, Kal ra dpaXw^ra itrla' Tcvcrep avTw. <f)Q)pd0rj Bk poa^tad/JLCPo^ rd re dXXa Kal rovXaiop' iXeyxop-^vo's 5' irrro t&p KaTTiyopwp eVl tov ^Aptcoplov, TraprjrelTO ttjv Kal ravra Xiytap, otl, "Clairep bpyi'jP, aup dXXoi<; * Ayap.fXPOPa "OpL-qpo^i i^vfiprjaep ^Ax^XXia Kal Kal 'OBvaaea, ouro)? iyo) ce' ov BiKato^ ovp dycadai Bta^oXa^ eVl aov. L/JU 669 ToiavTa<; TrapaXa^oap ovp 6 Kartjyopo*; top Xoyop, *AX,V
17

coar

'

"Ofirjpo^
eKXeyjrep,
B(0(Ti<:

/xP,

e^t),

eXatop^

AyapAfiPOPO^ ovk
o"u
Bi'

dXX"

ovBe

*A;!^t\\ea)9,

wcrre

BiaKpnvadfivo^ B* ovp Oepairelai^ Ttal TTjP opy^p, ovBep ^ttop BicTeXeaep dywv Kal <t)pa)P Tr)P ttoXip p-^XP^ "^^^ KaTaaTpo(l>fj^ TOV Wptcoplov. Toiavrrjp Bk ttjp ttoXiv KaraBlKrjp.
*

'

^TAwTo, CJorais, for rthtira. drri yvfxvaffidpxov sw, i,yTtyvururlapxov Other fity, after (\atoy, omitted by mtnoxM.

MSS.

348

GEOGRAPHY,
;

14. 5.

14

and died at his house and the other, the son of Sandon, called Cananites after some village, was Caesar's teacher and was greatly honoured by him ; and when he returned to his native land, now an old man, he broke up the government there established, which was being badly conducted by Boethus, among others, who was a bad poet and a bad citizen,
having prevailed there by currying the favour of He had been raised to prominence by the people. Antony, who at the outset received favourably the poem which he had written upon the victory at Philippi, but still more by that facility prevalent among the Tarsians whereby he could instantly speak offhand and unceasingly on any given subject. Furthermore, Antony promised the Tarsians an office of gymnasiarch, but appointed Boethus instead of a gymnasiarch,and entrusted to him the expenditures. But Boethus was caught secreting, among other things, the olive-oil and when he was being proven guilty by his accusers in the presence of Antony he deprecated Antony's wrath, saying, among other things, that "Just as Homer had hymned the praises of Achilles and Agamemnon and Odysseus, It is not right, therefore, so I have hymned thine. that I should be brought before you on such slanderous charges." When, however, the accuser caught the statement, he said, "Yes, but Homer did not steal Agamemnon's oil, nor yet that of and therefore you shall be Achilles, but you did However, he broke the wrath of punished." Antony by courteous attentions, and no less than before kept on plundering the city until the overthrow of Antony. Finding the city in this plight,
;

349

STRABO
fieTclyeip

KUKelvov KaX tou? avaraa-icoTa^'

cu?

5'

ovK

a7ret;^oj;T0 v^p(o<; ov8p,id<i, )(pt]aaTO rfi hodciar) VTTO rov Kaiaapo^ i^ovaia kuI i^eSaXev

auTOu?,

oi oc irpooTOV Karayvou<s ^vy/}p. KarTOf^oypd<f)r)aav avTOV roiavTW

fii>

C G75

epya
ifTCi
5*

vecov,

^ovXaX
P

he p,e(Tu>v, irophaX he yepov-

T(OV.

KlVO<{

TratSm?
'*

Ke\Vff
Tft)i/,'*

TrapeTTLypayfrai he Kara(f)poP7)aa';

{SpovraX
p,epl

h^UfXVO<i

hk

yepov-

rt?

rov

TriiKov<i,

evXvrov
Trj

Bvpa

ro KoiXihiov ex(>Vt irpoaeppave irokv KoX T(p TOiyCp, VVKTCOp TTapUOV TTJV
6

OLKUiv.

he

t/)?

(TTadeft)?
rijt

Kan^yopoiv ev ex-

koI tijv <prj, /cavefiar TroWnXoOev axoirelv e^eari, Koi hi) Kat, eK T(t)if hiax(opi)p,dr(i)i>. ovroi /xev a-T(oiKol dvhp<i' iiKahtj/xaiKOf he Neartop 6 kuO' rj/xat, 6
K\t]ala,
Tfjv

voaov

TroXeo)?,

\)KraovLa<i Kai outo^ he irpoearrj tT/? TroXtre/a*?, hiahe^dp.VO<i top 'AOi}v6h(opov, Koi hiereXeae Tifj,(op,ei>of: rrapd re toi? rfy/xu(Ti Kal eV rjj TroXei.
Kadi)yrjadp.evo<i,
Traiho'i,

MapKeWov

rov

tt)?

Kaicra/509

dh\<l>7)<{.

15. '\(ov

h'

dWfop

(f)i\o(T6<f>(op,

ov^

tcev

ev yvoirjp koI rovvop.a fjLv6i)aalfirjp,

TlXovTidhrjf;

re eyepero kol AioyPr)(; ra>p irepi-

iroXi^oprtop xal <tXoX9 htariOefieptop v<f>vM<{' 6 he Aioyept)^ /cal rroirjp.ara uxnrep d'Tr<f)oll3a^e,
re6L(ri)<i vir oO ea eu)^
,

rpayiKcL

rtx?

fxariKoi

he,

mp kuI avyypdfipard

eVi ttoXv' ypafxiariv, Apre-

fuhtopof; re Kal

^lohtopo^' Trotiyrr;? hk rpay(phia<i

350

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

14-15

Athenodorus for a time tried to induce both Boethus and his partisans to change their course but since they would abstain from no act of insolence, he used the authority given him by Caesar, condemned them to exile, and expelled them. These at first indicted him with the following inscription on the " Work for walls for the young men, counsels " and middle-aged, and flatulence for old men
;
;

he, taking the inscription as a joke, ordered the following words to be inscribed beside it, "thunder for old men," someone, contemptuous of all decency and afflicted with looseness of the bowels, profusely bespattered the door and wall of Athenodorus' house as he was passing by it at night. Athenodorus, while bringing accusations in the assembly " One against the faction, said may see the sickly plight and the disaffection of the city in many ways,
:

when

and in particular from its excrements." These men were Stoics but the Nestor of my time, the teacher
;

of Marcellus, son of Octavia the sister of Caesar, was an Academician. He too was at the head of the government of Tarsus, having succeeded Athenodorus and he continued to be held in honour both by the prefects and in the city. 15. Among the other philosophers from Tarsus, '* whom I could well note and tell their names," ^ are Plutiades and Diogenes, who were among those philosophers that went round from city to city and conducted schools in an able manner. Diogenes also composed poems, as if by inspiration, when a for the most part tragic subject was given him
;

poems

grammarians whose writings are extant, there are Artemidorus and Diodorus and
;

and as

for

Iliad 3. 235.

35'

STRABO
dptaro^

T&v

rfj^

JWeidBo^
B'
r)

Karapid ^vfiivtov
^

^lovvaiBtj^, Bd<TKiv TO
<f>i\o\6y(ov'
ix<nrj,

fiaXtara

'Pwfit}

hvvarcu

8i-

'jr\r)do<i t&v ifc TrjaBe tt}? TroXeo)? Tapaecov yap Kal ^AXc^avBpetop iarl
17

16.

Mer^
B*

TOiavTi] p.P Be rov

pU)v,

Tapa6<;.

Karaovlaf:
<f)r)al

KvBvov 6 Ilvpafio<; ck ttj^ ovvep xal irporepov ip.i/i](Tdt]p.P*

^ApTepiBaypot, ivrevOev et? 'ZoXovf; ewdvirXola araBiov<t elvai TrepTaKoalov^;. 7r\v<rtov Be Kal MaWo9, id)* vyfrov<i Kcipeprj, Krlapa *Ap<t>iX6xov Kal Mo'^ov, rov Air 6W<dpo<; koI Maprov<i,^ irepl a>p iroWa p,vOo\oyiTai' koX
^

Brf

Kal

r)pel<i

rjp ijpiaap K.aXxO'PTO'i '^^'' ^ Mo-^/ro?* irepl T^? paPTLKri<; 6 re KdXx^^ ravTr}p T yap rrjp epip peraipepovaip epioi,

\6yoi<i

ipv^adrjpep avrwp ep Kal T7J<! piBo<i,

to

irepl

KaduTrep Kal XoKpoKXrjf;, elt rrjP KiXiKcap, KaXeaa^t iKclpo^ avTTjp Ilapxpv\lap rpaytKm, KaOdirep Kal TTjp AvKiap Kaplap Kal rrjp Tpolap Kal AvBiap ^ Opvyiap' xal top OdpoTOP Bk tov KdXxcLPTO^ epTavda TrapaBiBoaatp dXXot t Kal ov popop Be ttjp irepl T}<r paPTiKt]<; Xo^OKXrj'i. p^pvOevKaaip, dXX^ Kal rrj^ ^PX^^' "^^^ epip yap Moyjrop <f)aal Kal top Ap(}>iXoxop K Tpolat
'

C 676 eXd6pTa<i KTiaat, MaXXoP' elr Ap<f>LXoxop 6*9 "Apyo^ direXdeiPt BvaapecT^aaPTa Be toU Ki
irdXip dpaaTpeyfrai Bevpo, diroKXeiopepov Bk KOtPfopia^ avp^aXelp et? popopux^ap 7rp6<; top

ri

'

r^

'PwMTj,

Sihler (American Journal of Philology, 1923,

p.

141)
*
*

would emend to

tV

'Pdiiti"'
;

MovToCi, Xylander, for Arrrovs so the later editor*. KOI, before *pvylw, Qroekurd omits, so Meineke.

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

15-16

the best tragic poet among those enumerated in the " Pleias " ^ was But it is Rome that is Dionysides. best able to tell us the number of learned men from this city ^ for it is full of Tarsians and Alexandrians.
;

Such

is

Tarsus.

16. After the Cydnus River one comes to the Pyramus River, which flows from Cataonia, a river which I have mentioned before. ^ According to

Artemidorus, the distance thence to Soli in a straight voyage is five hundred stadia. Near by, also, is Mall us, situated on a height, founded by Amphilochus and Mopsus, the latter the son of Apollo and Manto, concerning whom many myths are told. And indeed I, too, have mentioned them in my account of Calchas* and of the quarrel between Calchas and Mopsus about their powers of divination. For some
writers transfer this quarrel, Sophocles, for example, to Cilicia, which he, following the custom of tragic " ^ poets, calls Pamphylia, just as he calls Lycia Caria"

and Troy and Lydia " Phrygia."

And

Sophocles,

But, others, tells us that Calchas died there. according to the myth, the contest concerned,

among
not

only the power of divination, but also the sovereignty ; for they say that Mopsus and Amphilochus went from Troy and founded Mallus, and that Amphilochus then went away to Argos, and, being dissatisfied with affairs there, returned to Mallus, but that, being excluded from a share in the government there, he fought a duel with Mopsus,
^ i.e. the "Seven (Alexandrian) Stars," referring to the Pleiades, the seven daughters of Atlas, who were placed by Zeus among the stars and became one of the oldest Greek constellations. * See critical note. 12. 2. 4.
*

14. 1. 27.

See

14. 3. 3.

353

STRABO
Moylrov, ireaovra^
eTToylret
8*

dfjL(f>orpov<;

Ta<j)r)vat

firj

iv

a\\r]\oi<;'
6

xal

vvv

ol

rd^oi Bei/cvvvrai

trepX
8*

Mdyapaa

^v KpdTT]<i

/jLaOrjTTjf;

tov Uvpd^ov TrXtjaiov. ivrevdep ypa/jL/jLaTLKo^i, ov (^r^aX yepiadai HavaiTio^.

Be
Trj<:

17. 'T7rpKLrai *X\r)iov TreBlov, Bi

ov

(i>i\ci)Ta<i

rainr}^ 7rapa\ia<i Biijyayev 'AXe-

^dvBp<p TTjv

iTTTTOv,

KLi'OV TTjv

<f)dXayya aya-

yovTo^i K Toyp ^6\cov Bid t?}? irapaXia^i Kal t^9 Ma\Xd)TiBo<i iiTL re ^laabv Kal rd^i Aapelov

Bvvdpet^. <f>aal Be Kal ivayiaaL rco W.pL^i\6')(W * TOV AXe^avBpov Bid rrjv i^ 'Apyov<; avyyeveiav. A7r6XX(tn>o<; dvaipe*\\aLoBo<i B' iv "^oXoifi vtto Otjvai TOV AfKJiiXo'^ov <f)y](riv, ol Be irepl to
'

'

*AX't]Lov ireBiov, ol 5' iv Xvpia, diro

rov *AX->]iov

dmovTa Btd 18. Merd

v<f)oppLov

rrjv epti'.

Be

MaXXov
*

Aiyalai

')(ov'

fir'

ApiariBe<;

et'v a? TeXevra ro rov l^avpov Kadr^KOv, o ryj<i KtX-tActa? virepKetrai Kard rb tt/jov eo) fipo<;, del fiev virb irXeiovwv

e)(ovaai,

iroXixviov, TrvXai, V(f>opfJLOV *Ap.avbv opo'i diTo

Bwacrrevofievov rvpdvvoiVy i^ovTcjv epv/j.ara' KaO' rjfxd^ Be Karearrj Kvpio<; nrdvroyv dvrjp d^toXoyO's Kal ^affiXev^ virb 'Vcop-aUov a)Vop,da6ij Btd rd<i dvBpaya6la<; TapKovBlfiorof;,^ Kal rrjy BtaEoxW ToU p-er avrbv irapeBwKe,
19.
fxov

Mera

Be Alyalay; 'Icr<ro9 iroXlxi'iov v4>opTrorap.b<i

^

e^ov Kal

lltVapo?.^

ivravOa

dycov avveireaev
*

AXe^dvBpw Kal

Aapeltp' Kal o

TapKnySifioros,
fityrot
'

Casaubon, for TapKoilutvros CF, TapxH'

I), lllfSos

other

MSS.
other

nlyapos, Tzschuoke, for TllSyos

MSS.

354

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

16-19

and that both fell in the duel and were buried in And places that were not in sight of one another. to-day their tombs are to be seen in the neighbourhood of Magarsa near the Pyramus River. This^ was the birthplace of Crates the grammarian, of whom Panaetius is said to have been a pupil.
17. Above this coast lies the Aleian Plain, through which Philotas led the cavalry for Alexander, when Alexander led his phalanx from Soli along the coast and the territory of Mallus against Issus and the forces of Dareius. It is said that Alexander performed sacrifices to Amphilochus because of his the Argives. Hesiod says that kinship with Amphilochus was slain by Apollo at Soli but others say that he was slain in the neighbourhood of the Aleian Plain, and others in Syria, when he was
;

quitting the Aleian Plain because of the quarrel. 18. After Mallus one comes to Aegaeae, a small and then to the town, with a mooring-place Amanides Gates, with a mooring-place, where ends
;

the mountain Amanus, which extends down from the Taurus and lies above Cilicia towards the east.
It was always ruled by several powerful tyrants, who but in my time a notable possessed strongholds man established himself as lord of all, and was named king by the Romans because of his manly virtues
;

refer

to

Tarcondimotus,

who bequeathed the

succession to his posterity.

19. After Aegaeae, one comes to Issus, a small town with a mooring-place, and to the Pinarus It was here that the struggle between River, and the gulf is Alexander and Dareius occurred
;

Mallus.

355

STRABO
ip avT^ Be TroXt? KoXiro^ etpyjrat ^laaiKo^i' 'Pwcro? Kai MvplavSpo^; ttoX,*? real ^AXe^dvBpeta Kol Nt/co7ro\t9 Kal Mo>/roi; karia Koi Y\.vKai> iv Be \6y6fjLpat, opiov KiXlkwv re koI %vpo)v. Kal to t^9 ^ap-rrrjBopla^ KiXiKLO, iarl rfj
'ApTp.iBo<; lepov

koI ixavrelov,

roif<;

Be

')(firjap.ov<;

evdeoi

TT poOecnri^ovaiv.

20. Mera Be ti)v KiXiKiav irpuij-q 7r6\t9 earl ro)P ^vpcop SeXevKeia i) ev Wiepia, Kal TrXijalop 5* eKBlBaxTi eaiL airo 7rorafi6<i. *Op6pTrj<;

XeXcvKeia^

et? '2t6Xov<i eV*

evdelat irXov^ oXiyop

cop
'^O/j.rjpoff

aTToXeLTTcop TOJP %tXta)i araBloyp. 21. Ta)p B' P Tpola KiXlk(i>p,

fxefiprjTai,

ttoXu

BiearutTWP
oi fxep

airo

tmp

e^co

rov

Tavpov KiXUcop,

aTTO^aipovaip apxqyera^ Tou? ep rfj Tpola tovtwv Kal BeiKPvovaC Tipa<; TOTTou? KupravOa, uxnrep ep ry Y[.ap.<fivXia %rj^r)p Kal Avpprjaaop, oi 3' efjuraXiP Kal *AXi]t6i' Tt TreBiop KuKcl BeiKPvovai. UepioyBevp-epcDP Be Kal twp efo) rov Tavpov

fiepwp TTj<; -rrpoeiprjfxeprj^i 'x.^ppoprjaov, irpoadereop earl Kal ravra.

C 677

22.
eri,

Kal roiavra Xeyer

'O yap 'AttoWoSw/do? ep toU irepl pem> tou? yap ck t^9 Aaia^;
^

eiTLKOvpov^ Tcop Tpcocop airaPTa^i KaTapi6p,ela$al VTTO TOV TTOLTjrOV 77/9 XepDOf/^crOU KaTOLKOV<i <f)r}<TlP 6pTa<f, ^9 6 (TTepa>TaTO<t l(rHp,o<; ecrri to /xera^v TOV Kara ^ivcoirtjp pLV^ov Kal ^laaov' ai B' cacto?
irXevpai, <f>rjaL, Tpiy(opoeiBov<i ov<tt)<;, elal p^p dpiaoi, Trap-^KOvai Be r/ pep otto KiXiKLa^ errl XeXt5o'ta9, 7} B^ epdepBe eirl to aropa rov to l^v^elpov, T] B' cttI ^iPMTnjp TrdXtp epdepBe,

356

GEOGRAPHY,
called the Issie Gulf.
city

14.

5.

19-22

On this gulf are situated the Rhosus, the city Myriandrus, Alexandreia, Nicopolis, Mopsuestia, and Pylae, as it is called, which is the boundary between the Cilicians and the In Cilicia is also the temple and oracle Syrians. and the oracles are of the Sarpedonian Artemis delivered by persons who are divinely inspired. 20. After Cilicia the first Syrian city is Seleuceiain-Pieria, near which the Orontes River empties. The voyage from Seleuceia to Soli, on a straight course, is but little short of one thousand stadia. 21. Since the Cilicians in the Troad whom Homer mentions are far distant from the Cilicians outside the Taurus, some represent those in Troy as original colonisers of the latter, and point out certain places of the same name there, as, for example, Thebe and Lyrnessus in Pamphylia, wliereas others of contrary opinion point out also an Aleian Plain in the former. Now that the parts of the aforesaid peninsula outside the Taurus have been described, I must add
;

what

follows.

22. Apollodorus,

in

his

work On

the

Catalogue

of Ships, goes on to say to this effect, that all the allies of the Trojans from Asia were enumerated by
the poet as being inhabitants of the peninsula, of which the narrowest isthmus is that between the innermost recess at Sinope and Issus. And the
exterior sides of this peninsula, he says, which is triangular in shape, are unequal in length, one of them extending from Cilicia to the Chelidonian Islands, another from the Chelidonian Islands to the mouth of the Euxine, and the third thence back to

Sinope.

Now

the assertion that the

allies

were
357

STRABO
fikv

ovv

/jLOi'Ov^i

Tou? iv
tov^;

TTj

avTwv eXeyxoLT av
TTporepov,
trepl
p.r)

yjtevBo^;

')(ppovri<T^ Sih, T&V 6v, 8l o)v rfkey^ap^v

"

fjL6vov<;

cVto?

AXvo^.
*

ol

yhp

A\i^(i)i'OV<{ (PapvaKLav e<^ap,ev, oiavep e^co rov "AXuo? elaiv, ovreo koI Tov lad/jLOV, eiTrep kol roiv (ttcvmv rtav e^Q) pcTU^v ^tvooTTTjf; Kol ^laaov, fcal ov tovtcov ye dXijOeiav arevwv tcjv fjLOvoyv, dWa Kal TOiv Kar fiera^v Afxicrov re Kal ^1<T(tov' ovSe yap iKclvo^ 6pdo)<i d(j)(opia-Tai, top iaOfiov Ka\ ra Kar avrov Trdvrcov S* arepd, eKelva dvrX tovtwv ti6l<;. vr}6earaTOV to ttjv rpiywvoeiBij x^ppovrjcroi' (f>rjaavTa TpeU diro^rivaaOai rdf e^eo 'ir\vpd<;' 6 yap Ta9 e^ft> Xeycov TrXevpat; oikV vire^aipovfiepo) Ttjv Kara rd arevd, co? Kal ravTijv oZaav irXeupdv, ovk e^o) Se ovS' iirl OaXdrrrj. el fiev Tolvvv rd arevd ravra ovro)<; }v (rvvrjyfxeva, ware piKpov dTToXeirreiv rov avvdvretv eV dXX^Xatf; rtjv re cVl ^laaov Kal rrjv eirl ^iVMTrrjv TTLTTrovaav irXevpdv, avveX'^P^i- ^^ rpiyoovoeiSrj XeyeaOaL rrjv x^PP^^V<^^^' ^^^ ^*' 7^ rpiaxt^ov*;
*

tottoi,

iv

oU tou?

arahiov<i

diroXeirrovrwv p,era^v

rdv

utt'

avrov

Xeyop,ivci)v arevcov, dfiaOia ro Xeyetv rpiyayvoeihe^

ro

Be

roiovrov rerpuTrXevpov, ovBe p^w/aoy/ja^tACov. Kal x^P^yP^^^^^ e^eBioKev ev KtofiiK^

17 fievei 6' fierp^, 7^9 irepiohov einypdy^afi. avrrj d/xaOla, Kav el<; rovXaxt^crov Karaydyrj Stdarrj/jLu ri^ rov iaO/xov, oaov elpriKaaiv ol irXelarov yf/^evad/xevoi ro ijfxiav rov iravro^f oaov eiprjKe Kal *A/0T/xt5(tf/9O9, p^tXtov? Kal trevraKo-

12. 3. 24.

Iambic verse.

GEOGRAPHY,
alone

14. 5. 22

those who lived in the peninsula can be proved wrong by the same arguments by which 1 have previously shown that the allies were not alone those who lived this side the Halys River.^ For in which, as 1 just as the places round Pharnacia, said, the Halizoni lived, are outside the Halys River, so also they are outside the isthmus, if indeed they are outside the narrows between Sinope and Issus and not outside these alone, but also outside the true narrows between Amisus and Issus, for he too incorrectly defines the isthmus and its narrows, But since he substitutes the former for the latter. the greatest absurdity is this, that, after calling the peninsula triangular in shape, he represents the " exterior sides " as three in number for when he " " he seems privily to speaks of the exterior sides the side along the narrows, as though this exclude too were a side, but not "exterior" or on the sea. so shortened that the If, then, these narrows were
;

Issus and that ending at Sinope lacked but little of joining one another, one might concede that the peninsula should be called triangular but, as it is, since the narrows mentioned by him leave a distance of three thousand stadia between Issus and Sinope, it is ignorance and not knowledge of chorography to call such a four-sided Yet he published in the metre figure triangular. of comedy 2 a work on chorography entitled A

exterior side ending at

The same ignorance still Description of the Earth. remains even though one should reduce the isthmus to the minimum distance, I mean, to one-half of the whole distance, as given by those who have most belied the facts, among whom is also Artemidorus,
359

STRABO
triov<;

<jrahLOV<;'

ovBe

yap rovro avvayor/^v

tto)

ovhe rk'i a'^rifiaro^. irXevpa^i 6pd5)<i Bt^prjruL ra<; efcw, rrjv diro *1<T(Tov fieypi XeXcSovLcov eliraiv Xoltttj yap <ttiv oXt]
rpLya)voiBov<;
ttoicl

aW*

eV

evdeia^

rj

rcov *FoBl(ov irepaia p-)(pi

Ka/jLTTtjv

Avkiuktj irapaXla ravrrj, xal i) ^vaKov ivrevOev he

Kal
teal

Xa^ovaa rj rjireipo^ dpx^rai rrjv Bevripai' 8vafjLiKT}v TTOtelv irXevpav dxpt TlpoirovriBo^;
hv^avTLov.
Be

C 678

23. ^jjaavTo^i
yeppovrftrov

rou

^E(f)6pou,

Biori

Tr)i>

KaroiKel
'EiXXrjviKa,

rpia

fjLv
''<*>'

Tavrrjv rd Be
eirl

eKKalBexa

yevrf,

Xonrd

^dp^apa

daXdrrr) fikv KtXtACC? Avkioi Kal BlOuvoI Kai Ka\ MaptapBvvol Kal Tpcoej Kal lla(f)Xay6v<i Kal Ka/369, UialBai Be Kal Mvaol koI XaXiz/Sf? Kai ^ ^pvye<; Kal MiXvai ev rfj /jieaoyala, Bianwv ravra 6 ^AiroXXoBoypo^ eirraKaiBeKarop (Prjaii elvai TO TMV TaXarMV, o veuyrepov iart tov

X^P^^

fuydBcov, Ildp,(f)vXoi Kal

*Kf)6pov,
p.rjircn

r(t)v

B'

eipr)fievti)v

Ta

fxev

^EXXrjviKa

KartpKiadait rd Be TToXXrjv avyxv<Tiv Bid rop ^dp$apa XPOPOP' KaraXeyeadai 5' vivo rov iroirjrov to Kal rcop pvp opofxa^Ofiepcop re rcop Tpcorop* Ua4>Xay6pa)P Kal Mvaayp Kal ^pvycjp Kal Kapwp Kal AvKLcop,^ Mrjovaf re dprl AvBcjp Kal dXXov^ dyvtara^it olov AXi}^S)Pa<{ koX KavKcopa^' e/cT09 Be rov KaraXoyov Krireiov^ re Kai

Kara ^

rd

TproiKd e^^iv^

'

'

*
'

StaiTwy, Corais, for SiaipHr. Kard, Cassubon, for icai rd. rxf'K F, (x*' other MSS. Tpwatr moz, TpviKiv Other MSS.

360

GEOGRAPHY,
that

14. 5.

22-23

does is, fifteen hundred stadia; for even this not contract the side along the narrows enough to make the peninsula a triangular figure. Neither does Artemidorus correctly distinguish the exterior ^* sides when he speaks of the side that extends from far as the Chelidonian Islands," for there Issus as still remains to this side the whole of the Lycian coast, which lies in a straight line with the side he mentions, as does also the Peraea of the Rhodians And thence the mainland bends as far as Physcus. and begins to form the second, or westerly, side extending as far as the Propontis and Byzantium. 23. But though Ephorus said that this peninsula was inhabited by sixteen tribes, of which three were Hellenic and the rest barbarian, except those that were mixed, adding that the Cilicians, Pamphylians,
Lycians, Bithynians, Paphlagonians, Mariandynians, Trojans, and Carians lived on the sea, but the Pisidians, Phrygians, and Mysians, Chalybians, Milyans in the interior, Apollodorus, who passes judgment upon this matter, says that the tribe of the Galatians, which is more recent than the time of Ephorus, is a seventeenth, and that, of the aforesaid tribes, the Hellenic had not yet, in the time of the Trojan War, settled there, and that the barbarian tribes are much confused because of the
in his lapse of time ; and that the poet names Catalogue the tribes of the Trojans and of the Paphlagonians, as they are now named, and of the Mysians and Phrygians and Carians and Lycians, as also the Meionians, instead of the Lydians, and other unknown peoples, as, for example, the Hali-

zones and Caucones

*

and, outside the

Catalogue^

AvKiwy, Corais, for AiKiuv F, KixIkmv other

MSS.
361

STRABO
2oXu/iou9 Kal Kal AeX-eya?-

KiXiKa^ tou? ck
IIa/j,<f)v\ovf;

Sj]^7}<;

ttcBIov

Be Kal

Bidvvov^i xal

Mapiavhwovs xal HiaiBat; koI XdXv^a^ Kal MtXua? Kal KaTTTTriSo/ca? /nv^i' Mvofidadai, tou?
fiev

Bid

TO

fMTjBeTTO)

TOVTov<;,

TOv<s

Be

Bid

X(r6ai, <W9 'lBpii<; Ao\iov<i Be Kal BeySpi/ve? ^pv^i. 24. (^alverai B* oure rov 'E(f)6pov
<f>a(Tip

TOU? TOTTOf? KaT<pKrjKvaL to erepoi^ yeveai ircpUp.v Kal Tep/xlXai^ Kapal,

rrjv

diro-

BiaiTMV iKava)<i, rd t toO ttoitjtov rapdrrcov Kal KaTa-^evBofxevo^i. ^\L^6pov re yap rovTo
expr^v, tL Bt] tou? \d\v^afi cVto? t/)? x^ppovi^aoVt roaovrov d<^earwra^i Kal ^iP(t}7rr]<i Kal 'Afiiaov tt/jo? eu) ; oi yap \eyovT<i top laO/jibv t/}? ')(eppovri(Tov Tavrr)<;

irp'Zrov

dirairelv

TiOyjaiv

Ttjv

ttTTo

laaov

ypa/x/xTjv

dp

fjL(Ti]/ii^pipj]P

Tipa

eVt TiOeacn
iirl

toi'

Kv^eivov, ravryp, f)p^

tw?

ol

fiep elpat

eV

POfxi^ovai rrjp ^Afiiaov, enl Be reap

reXeo)?.
rr}<i

Sti^wTr?;?, ol Bk ttjp

XaXv^wp
Br)

ovBel^' Xo^rj
/jLearjfj,'

ydp ear I
fipipo<i

ydp

Bid

XaXv^cop

Bid

fiiKpd<i

Kal rov Ev<l)pdrov, rrjp Kal ri]P KopfxayTjprjp xal rop (iTroXa/jL/Supayp el 6' ovp Wfiaphp Kal rop ^lacriKOP koXttop. Kal rrjv Xo^tjp ypafi/jiijp opl^eip top ladfiov rd rrXeiard ye rovrcop, Kal a-vy)(a)pi]aaip,e}',

ypd<f>oiT* dp KamraBoKiap oXr}p Pro<i

Wpfxevla<;

udXiara
dp
Kal

KairTraBoKLa, epro^; dwoXafi^dpoiT vvp IBlcix; Xey6p.P0^ \\6pro<i, t% KaTTTraBoKia^; ^epo^t cop to Trpo? ro) Kv^elpqi' war el rov<f XdXv^ai; t^9 'xeppoprjaov Oeriop
i)

Ttpnihat, Xylander, for Trp/idai.

36a

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

23-24

the Ceteians and the Solymi and the Cilicians from the plain of Thebe and the Leleges, but nowhere names the Pamphylians, Bithynians, Marian dynians,
Pisidians,

Chalybians,

Milyans, or Cappadocians

some because they had not yet settled in this region, and others because they were included among other
tribes, as, for

among the among the

24.

Carians,

example, the Hidrieis and the Termilae and the Doliones and Bebryces

Plirygians.

But obviously Apollodorus does not pass a fair judgment upon the statement of Ephorus, and also confuses and falsifies the words of the poet; for he ought first to have asked Ephorus this question Why he placed the Chalybians inside the peninsula when they were so far distant towards the east from both Sinope and Amisus ? For those who say tliat the isthmus of this peninsula is the line from Issus to the Euxine make this line a kind of meridian, which some think should be the line to Sinope, and others, that to Amisus, but no one that to the land of the Chalybians, which is absolutely in fact, the meridian through the land oblique of the Chalybians would be drawn through Lesser Armenia and the Euphrates, cutting off on this side of it the whole of Cappadocia, Commagene, Mt. Amanus, and the Issic Gulf. If, however, we should concede that the oblique line bounds the isthmus, at least most of these places, and Cappadocia in particular, would be cut off on this side, as also the country now called Pontus in the special sense of the term, which is a part of Cappadocia towards the Euxine so that, if the land of the Chalybians
: ;

V, Corals

inserts.

363

STRABO
fiepof;,

iroXif

TrdBoKa'i afjL(f>orpov<; xal Bia ri avTov^ 7rapr)K.

fidWov tou? KaTaora? xal KavAvKaova^ hi, ou? xal

8*

C 679 era^e tou? XaXfySa?,

ot>?

iv Tot9 o Trotiyr^?

ficro'yaloi<i

'AXi^wva?

CKaXea-ev, Maiiep xai r)p,el<; aTrehei^afiev ; afieivov yap rjv BieXelv Kal T01/9 ^ev eVl rrj OaXaTTt) (pdvuL, Tov<i Be ev ttj fieaoyaia' owep xal irrl
tt)?

Be Ti]V fxev

KaTTTraSo/fta? iroLrjreov Kal tt}? KtXt/ct'a?. ovK oypofiaKe, toi)? KtX^/ca? Se tou?
TJj

eVl

daXdrrrj

fxovov

elprjKcv.

oi

ovv

irr*

^Avmrdrpfp r^ Aep^rjTT} koI ol 'O^ovaBeU kcu aXXoi TrXelovi ol avvdirrovre^i toU Ilto-t^at?,
OL

ovK laaai OdXarrav

fiefii'yfjLevov

dvep<;,

ovBe

6^ ^

dXeaai

elBap
ovBe

eBovari,

Tiva

Xd/3(t)ai

rd^Lv

a\V

ovBe

AvBoi/^

ol avTol elat, kcu Mrfova^i etprjKev, eire Bvo eiTC Ka6' eavTouf; eiT iv ere pro yivet irepieypovTO) yap iirlajjfMov edvo^ ovk airo* fjUvovf;.

eW

KpvyfraL Bvvaroi', o re

/xij Xiywv irepl avrov firjBhf ouK av Bo^eie irapaXiirclv rt to)v KupKoraTcov ; 25. Tu'e? 8' elaXv ol pnydBe^; ; ov yap hv

exocfiev

X\6evTa<{ rj TrapaXeXciipOai dXXov<i, 0&9 aTToBcoao/JLeu tol<; fiiydaiv, ovBe ye avTwv Tipa.'i TOVTcop, oiv Tj elirev y TrapeXnre. Kal yap el
oivofxdcrOai
v-n

elirelv

irapa

rov<;
7;

roirov^

avTou

KaTeixLy(6yi(Tav,

dXX*

17

7riKpdTia

ireTToirjKev

rj

VjXXrjva^

rj

/Sapj3dpov<;'

rpirov Be

yevo<i

ovBev

tafxev 70 fiiKTop,
*

'AXtCwfovs ovZi e' F,

CEFsw.

oW fe" other MSS.

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

24-25

must be set down as a part of the peninsula, much more should Cataonia and both Cappadocias, as also Lycaonia, which is itself omitted by him. Again, why did Ephorus place in the interior the Chalybians, whom the poet called Halizones, as I have already demonstrated ? ^ For it would have been better to divide them and set one part of them on the sea and the other in the interior, as should also be done in the case of Cappadocia and Cilicia but Ephorus does not even name Cappadocia, and speaks only of the Cilicians on the sea. Now as for the people who were subject to Anti pater Derbetes, and the Homonadeis and several other peoples who border on the Pisidians, "men who do not know the sea and even do not eat food mingled with salt," ^ where are they to be placed ? Neither does he say in regard to the Lydians or Meiones whether they are two peoples or the same, or whether they live
;

or are included within another tribe. For it would be impossible to lose from sight so significant a tribe and if Ephorus says nothing about it, would he not seem to have omitted something most important ? " For we tribes ? 25. And who are the '^ mixed would be unable to say that, as compared with the aforesaid places, others were either named or omitted by him which we shall assign to the "mixed" tribes; neitlier can we call ''mixed" any of these peoples themselves whom he has mentioned or omitted for, even if they had become mixed, still the predominant element has made them either Hellenes or barbarians and I know nothing of a third tribe of people that is " mixed."

separately by themselves

12. 3. 20.

Odyssey 11. 122.

365

STRABO
26. Be rpia yevrj twv 'EWiyi/o)!/ iarX rh, to TraXatov rrjv ')(epp6vriaov olfcovura ; el yap, oi avTol rjaav "IcDi^e? koI ^A6i]vaioL, XeyeaOaxrav

nw9

on

Kal

01 Aoypiel'^

koI
el

oi

AtoXet? ol avroi, axTre hvo

he hiaipereov Kara rcL varepa eOrj, KaddiTep koI raf; Bia\KT0v<;, rerrapa av eir)
eOvT) yivoiT

av

Kal ra

eOvrj,

Kaddirep koI

ai BidXeKTOL.

oIkovci

Be Tr)v ')(epp6vt}aov TavT))v, Kal fj,a\i<TTa

Kara top

Tov

Kal ^kdrjvaloi,
BeBtjXcoTai.

E<^o/30u Biopiafxoi', ovK "Iwre? /novov, Kaddirep iv rol<i KaO' eKaara

uWa

TOLavra
d^tov,

ptev

Bij

irpbf;

rov '')L^opov

'AiroXXoBoypof; Be tovtcov fxev (f)p6vTicrev ovBev rol'i Be eKKalBexa eOveai irpocrto ra)u eirraKaiBeKarov, VaXarayv, riOrjaiv a\X&)9 /jLP XPV^^t^^^ Xexd^)vai, irpo^ Be rrfv
BiaTTopelv

BiaLrav rwv viro lov 'E(f)6pov Xeyopevayv y irapaov Beov eipy]Ke Be rijv alrlav auTO?, oTt ravra irdvra vecorepa rt]<; eKeivov y)XiKia<i. 27. Mera/Sa? 8' eirl tov TrottjTrju tovto fiev
XetTTopievayv

6pd(a^
Tcov

Xeyei,

BtoTi

noXXij avy^yci^; yeyevi^Tai

^ap^dpwv

eQvSyv diro

rdv 'VpwiKOiv eU ra

vvv Bid Ta^ /jLeTa7rT(oaet<i' Kal yap irpoayeyove Tiva Kal eXXeXonre Kal Bie<nra(JTai Kai crvvfJKTai ouK ev Be ttjv alriav BiTTrjv aTrot^aivet, el<i ev. Bl fjv ov p,ep,in]TaL tlvwv 6 7roir]Ti]<:' r} tw /LArJTro) 680 TOT oiKela-Oai vivo tov eOvov^ tovtov, ?; t^ ev ttjv yap KaTTTraBoKiap Tpa> yevei Trepicx^crOai. OVK etpr)Kv, ovBe t/;i> KaTaoviav, cu? 5' avTM^t Ttfv

Cf.

8.

1.

2.

14. 1.3flf.

366

GEOGRAPHY,
26.

14. 5.

26-27

And how

can there be three Hellenic tribes

For if it is because that live on the peninsula? the Athenians and the lonians were the same people in ancient times, let also the Dorians and the Aeolians be called the same people and thus there would be only two tribes. But if one should make distinctions in accordance with the customs of later
;

times, as, for example, in accordance with dialects, then the tribes, like the dialects, would be four But this peninsula, particularly in in number.^

accordance with the division of Ephorus, is inhabited, not only by lonians, but also by Athenians, as I have shown in my account of the several places.^ Now although it is worth while to raise such questions as these with reference to Ephorus, yet Apollodorus took no thought for them and also goes on to add to the sixteen tribes a seventeenth, that of the Galatians in general a useful thing to do, but unnecessary for the passing of judgment upon what is said or omitted by Ephorus. But Apollodorus states the reason himself, that all this is later than the time of Ephorus. 27. Passing to the poet, Apollodorus rightly says that much confusion of the barbarian tribes has taken place from the Trojan times to the present because of the changes, for some of them have been added to, others have vanished, others have been dispersed, and others have been combined into one tribe. But he incorrectly sets forth as twofold tlie reason why the poet does not mention some of them either because a country was not yet inhabited by this or that tribe or because this or that tribe was included within another for instance, the
; ;

poet

fails

to

mention Cappadocia, Cataonia, and

367

STRABO
\vKaoplaPt Bi ovhirepov rovTa>v' ov yctp e^ofiev iaropiav iir' avrtav ovheplav. yeXolop re TO Tou? Ka7r7rdSoKa<i koI AvKaova^i Bta ri fikv 'Ofiypo^ TTapeXiire, ^povriaai Koi (i7ro\oyijaaa-6ai,
TOiavrrji/

Bia ri
/cat

3'

"Ei^opo? TraprjXOe, irapeKOelv Ka\ avrov,

7rp6<i avro tovto ttjv uTTo^aaiv rav8p6<i, tt/jo? to i^erdaai kol SiaiTijaaC Kai, Bioti fiev Mrjova^; livrl AvBcov "Op,rjpo<i elTre, BiBd^aiy on B' oure AvBou<; oine M/;oi/a9

ravra irapa6ep.vov

elpy)KV

''\L(f)opo(;, /xt)

iina-yjp.yjvaa-Oai.

28. 4>/;<7a9 Be dyvdircov tipcop p-CfipPjaOai top iroirjTrfv, KavK(i)pa<; fxep opScof; \iyei teal ^oXvfWV^

Kal Kyreiovfi

Koi AeX-eya? Ka\ KiXi/ta? Tov<i ex

8'

Srj^r}<i ireBlov, toi>9

'AXi^(opa<i atro? TrXdrrei,

fMoKXop

B* 01 irpwrot,

Tov<i'A\i^(opa<i dypoijaaPT^,

TLpe^ elai, Kal p.eTaypd(^oPT<; TrXeopa^C)^ Koi TrXdrTopre^ tt]p tou upyvpov yevWXrjv Kai dXXa TToXXd fieTaXXa,^ eKXeXeififxeua dirapra. irpo^

ravrrjp
aOepou<i
T/)?

Be

rtjp

(j>LXoTLfuap KitKeipa^
6
'EK7]\jno<i

ra^ laroplaf, a?

Xa^Mv

Kal

dXXwp

avpijyayop irapa KaWttipmp, ov KaOapevoprtav

tlOtjo-i

TTepL TOiP

TavrdXou

\Xi^(M)PO)p ylrevBoBo^La<;' w? o fiep 7tXovto<; kui twp UeXoTTiBcoi' dvo T(op

irepl ^^pvyiav Kal 'S.lttvXov fxerdXXcop eyepero' o Be KdBf.iov K TO)v^ Trepl^'^paKtjp Kal ro Wayyalov 6po<;' 6 Be Ilpid/JLOV k tcop ep ^AarOpoi^* irepl

"A^vBop XP^^^i<^v>
*

cov

Kal pvp

en

p.iKpa XetVeTOi"

' *
*

Xylander, for K?t/oi/$ ; so later editors. /ufToWa, Corais, for ntyi\a ; 8o later editors. in Tw", Corais inserts; ao later editors.
KTjTf (oui,
'AcrtvpoiS,

Xy lander,

for *A<rvplott

CDFiw,

wtfil

"Afiuiov

moz.

368

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 5.

27-28

likewise Lycaonia, but for neither of these reasons, for we have no history of this kind in their case. Further, it is ridiculous that Apollodorus should concern himself about the reason why Homer

omitted the Cappadocians and Lycaonians and speak in his defence, and yet should himself omit to tell the reason why Ephorus omitted them, and that too when he had cited the statement of the man for the very purpose of examining it and passing judgment upon it and also to teach us why Homer mentioned Meionians instead of Lydians, but not to remark that Ephorus mentions neither Lydians nor Meionians. 28. After saying that the poet mentions certain unknown tribes, Apollodorus rightly names the Cauconians, the Solymi, the Ceteians, the Leleges, and the Cilicians of the plain of Thebe but the Halizones are a fabrication of his own, or rather of the first men who, not knowing who the Halizones ^ were, wrote the name in several different ways and "^ and many fabricated the "birthplace of silver other mines, all of which have given out. And in furtherance of their emulous desire they also collected the stories cited by Demetrius of Scepsis from Callisthenes and certain other writers, who were not free from the false notions about the Likewise the wealth of Tantalus and Halizones. the Pelopidae arose from the mines round Phrygia that of Cadmus from those round and Sipylus Thrace and Mt. Pangaeus that of Priam from the gold mines at Astyra near Abydus (of which still to-day there are small remains here the amount of earth thrown out is considerable, and the excava; ;
;

See

12. 3. 21.

"

See

12. 3. 24.

369

STRABO
8' T) eK^oXt} koI to, opvyfiara <TT]fiia tiJc TTokai yueraWeta?- 6 8e Mt'Soi/ eV rwv irepl to ^ AXvuttov koX l^ip/xLOV 6po<i' 6 Be Tvyov kol ^ T>)? Kpolaov CLTTO Twi' v AvBlo. Kal /X6Taf u re koI Ilepydfiov, ottov^ irdki'xyT) ^Arapveci)^

rroWt)

iprjfiTj,
*

29. ^Htl

eKfieixeraWevpieva evovaa to, ^(^copla, kol ravra ixefxy^airo av Tt9

ra'i 'OixrjpiKti^
d7ro(f)dai<i,
oi

rov

ArroWoBcopov, ort

tcov veoiTepcov KaivorofiovvToiV

TToWa irapa
ravT
fjLovov,

etw^ct?

eXeyx^eLv irrl irXeov,

ivravda
et?

ciWd

Koi Tiivavria
6 fxev

k CDXiyiopijKe ev avvdyei to. ^rj

yap 'E.dvOo<; 6 AfSo? perd rd Tproixd <f>yaiv eXOelv tou? ^pvya^i eK tT;? Kal twv dpiaTepwv rov Uvvrov, dyayeiv Fjvpd)'rrr)<; 3' avrov<; '^ko pidvBpLov eic \iepeKvvrwv KaX *AaKaQ)aavTo)<i \ey6p,va.
vi'a^, iinXeyei Be rovroi<; 6 ^A7roXX6B(t)po<s, *Acr/fa;n'a? ravrrj^; pvrjfxovevei kol "Op,-qpo^, "B-dvOo^'
^

on

t/}?

^9 o

^\>6pKv<; Be

^pvya^ yye Kal AaKdvio^

ex^t,
rf

6eoei,hi}<;

681

rrpC e^ W<TKai'ii)<i.

dX\'

el ovr(M><i

fiev fieravdaraaifi

varepov

&.V 17} roiv

TpMiKMV
enc

ro Xeyopevov vno
K Ti)? nepaiaf;
vla<i.

yeyoifvia, ev Be rol<; Tpa>tKol<i rov iron^rov eiriKOvpiKov 7)Kp

\\epKvvr(i)v Kal
y](Tai',
rrj'i

rwv

AaKa-

rlve<;

ovv ^pvy<:

oX pa Tor earparouyvTo irap

6-)(0a<i

'^Eayyaploto,

ore 6

Wpiapa,
7rUovpo<; icop p.erd rolaiv eXeyp.r)V,^
Corais inserts. before ToAi'x' 17, Jones inserts. Tzschuckeand Coraii iroAi'xi") ^f'^f^'n txovira. to wohixyni ^f>^M''
.

Kui, liefore t^j,

8irou,

emend

GEOGRAPHY,
tions are signs of the

14. 5.

28-29

mining in olden times) ; and that of Midas from those round Mt. Bermius ; and that of Gyges and Alyattes and Croesus from those in Lydia and from the region between Atarneus and Pergamum, where is a small deserted town, whose lands have been exhausted of ore. 29. Still further one might find fault with Apollodorus, because, when the more recent writers make numerous innovations contrary to the statements of Homer, he is wont frequently to put these innovations to the test, but in the present case he not only has made small account of them, but also, on the contrary, identifies things that are not meant alike ; for instance, Xanthus the Lydian says that it was after the Trojan War that the Phrygians came from Europe and the left-hand side of the Pontus, and that Scamandrius led them from the Berecyntes and Ascania, but Apollodorus adds to this the statement that Homer refers to " And this Ascania that is mentioned by Xanthus and godlike Ascanius led the Phrygians Phorcys from afar, from Ascania." ^ However, if this is so, the migration must have taken place later than the Trojan War, whereas the allied force mentioned by the poet came rrom the opposite Who, mainland, from the Berecyntes and Ascania. " who were then enthen, were the Phrygians, ^ camped along the banks of the Sangarius," when
:

Priam

says,

"for
"

too,

being an

ally,

was numbered

among these
1

}^

And how
2

could Priam have sent

187.

Iliad 2. 862.

Iliad

3.

Iliad

3. 188.

i\4yij.vv is emended by (as in tlie Homeric text).

'

Tzschucke and Coraia to iK^x^w

371

STRABO
<j>rj<TL ;

TTft)?

Sk K fxev BepeKvvTcov

/MeTeTrefnreTO

Ylpiafiof;, tt/jo? ov<; 5* (TVfi^oXaLov, Tov<; o/jLopov;

<Ppvya<;

ovSev )i/ ain^ koI oI? avTo<i

;

wporepov iireKovprjae
roiv
<Ppvy(t)v
Kcii

TrapeXL-rrev

ovtco Be

irepX

eiircov

eiTL^epu koX ra irepl

^

rS)v

M.vao)v ovx 6fj,oXoyovfjLva roirrot?' Xiyeadai yap

(l>r}cn

t?}?

Muo-ta?

Kcofirjv
*

XaKavlav

irepi

i^ ^? Kal top AaKaviov TTorafiov pelv, ov fivrj/jLovevei Kal Kvcjioplcov

XifjLvqv
6p,(t>vvfiov,

Muaoio
^

Trap' vBacrip ^AaKaploio*

Kol 6 AtVtuXo? AXe^avBpo^;'

01
'

Kal
^

Xipvr)<;
vio<i

ir ^AcTKai'L^ Sco/iar exovcri poro, AcrKavir)^ eirl ')(eiXeaLV' evda AoXla>v

XiXijvov vdacyaro Kal Me\t?;9.

hi,

KaXovat,

^rjal,

AoXtovlSa Kal Mvalav t^p

el ovv et? M.iXtjtov'ttoXiv. Kal eKfiaprvpeiTai viro ra>v BeLKvvpevwv vvv Kal viro rayp ttohjtcjv, rl iKcoXve TOP "Op,i]pov Tavrrj^ ixep.v)]a6aL rrjs ^AaKapta^,

irepl Kv^iKou iovTL ovT(o<; exei ravra,

dXXa

prj r?)? viro

'3,dvdov Xyop,Ptj<;

eipijrai 8k

Kal irporepov irepl tovtcop ep T(p irepl Muad>p xal

<t>pvyc^p X6y(fi,

ware

ex^TO)

Tre'/oa?.

VI
1.

AoiTTOP Be rT}P

tt/oo?

potov frapaKei/xeprjp

rfj

"Xeppopriaw ravTTj irepioBevaai ptjctop ttjp Kvirpop. e^p-qrai B\ on, rj Treptexo/Jiepij OdXarra vtto rfjf;
TrapaXia<;
^

AlyvTTTOV Kal<PoipiKi)<i Kal 1,vpla<i Kal p-^Xfii- t^9 'PoSta? avpdero^

tl

t))? Xonrrj';
ttcu?

iarip

CDRFA

but see same passage in

12. 4.

372

GEOGRAPHY,
for

14. 5.

29-6.

Phrygians from the Berecyntes^ with whom he had no compact, and yet leave uninvited those who lived on his borders and to whom he had And after speaking in this formerly been ally? way about the Phrygians he adds also an account
of the Mysians that is not in agreement with this ; for he says that there is also a village in Mysia which is called Ascania, near a lake of the same name, whence flows the Ascanius River, which is mentioned by Euphorion, " beside the waters of the Mysian Ascanius," and by Alexander the Aetolian, "who have their homes on the Ascanian streams, on the lips of the Ascanian Lake, where dwelt And he Dolion, the son of Silenus and Melia." as one goes says that the country round Cyzicus, If to Miletupolis, is called Dolionis and Mysia. this is so, then, and if witness thereto is borne both by the places now pointed out and by the poets, what could have prevented Homer from mentioning this Ascania, and not the Ascania spoken of by I have discussed this before, in my Xanthus? account of the Mysians and Phrygians ^ and therefore let this be the end of that subject.
;

VI
1.

It remains for

me

to describe the island

which

I mean alongside this peninsula on the south, I have already said that the sea surrounded Cyprus. by Egypt, Phoenicia, Syria, and the rest of the coast as far as Rhodia^ consists approximately of

lies

1 2

7. 3.

2-3

12. 3.

12. 4. 5.

The Peraea

of the Rhodians.

373

STRABO
K T Tov AlyvTrrLov TreXdyov'i /cat rov Ila/JL<f)VXlov Kal rov Kara rov ^laaiKov koXttov. U he ravrrj earlv r) Kvirpo^, ra fiev irpoaapKria fieprj avvdirrovra e^ovcra rf] Tpaxela KiXiKiq, xad^ & Btj Kal Trpoaex^crrdrT] rfj rjirelpw earC, ra he k^a rCp ^laaiKfp koXttw, ra 5' eairipia ra> IlafM<f>vXi(p xXv^Ofxeva TreXdyei, ra Be voria ra) Alyvrrrim. rovro fiev ovv (Tvppovv ecrrXv drro ry)<; ea-irepa^; r^
Kal rfp Kap7ra6ui) TreXdyet, aTrb Be rwv vorlwv Kal rcov ecccov piepwv rf re Atyvirro'; eari Kal t) e^ef?}? irapaXia fiexpt' SeXev/ceta? re Kal 'IfTcroO, 77/90? cipKrov 5' i] re Ku7r/509 Kal ro Wap.rovro Be diro p.ei> ro)v dpKrwv <f)v\iov ireXayos.

Ai^vKW

(jS2

re dtpoi^i rfj<i Vpax^la^i Ki\trta? Kal AvKia<; P'^xpi rr)s 'PoSta?, aTTO Be rij^ ^uaew? rrj 'PoBl<oi' vrjafp, dno Be rrj^ dvaroXrj^ rfj Kvirpfi) rjj Kara Ud(})ov Kal rov ^AKofxavra, diro Be rrj<; pLe<Tr)p,^pia<; (Tvppovv 4arl

irepiex^TaL

roh

Kal

T^<? l]afji(f>vXia<i

TO)

Alyvirriw TreXdyei.
2.

KuTrpov crraBimv Kal rerpaKoalcov eiKO(Ti KaraKoXTTL^nvrr p.rJKO<i BeuTro KXciBmv tirl rov 'AKapLavra
"i^ari B' 6 p.ev kvkXo<; tt}?

rpLaxtXiwv

ire^fj

(TraBi(ov ^j^Auot/
errl

rerpaKoaiuw
elal

oBt^vnvri

drr

KXeiBe^ vrjaia Bvo TrpoKeipeva^ rfj Kvirpro Kara t^ eoidivk rd Biex^vra rov Ilv pdp^ov arap-eprj tt)? v/]oou, Biovi eirraKoaiovs' 6 S' 'A/fa/za? ear\v aKpa Bvo p,a(Trov<; exovcra koI vXyjv irnX'Xjjj', Keip.evo<; fiev
dvaroXr]'^

Bvaiv.

Be

al p,ev

7rl rtbv

eatrepuov

rr}<;

vijaov p-epwr, dvaTclveov Bk

pi^v irpo'i

7rpo9 dpKrov<;,

eyy vrdrw

'EeXivovvra

rryt

Tpax^icif; KiXiKLa<: ev Bidp/xart ;;^t\ta)i/ araBCcov, TT/oo? ^ilBrjv Be T7J9 Uap,<f>vXla<; x*-^^^^ '^^^ e^aKO-

374

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 6.

1-2

the Aegyptian and Pamphylian Seas and of the sea In this last sea lies Cypres its at the gulf of Issus. northern parts closely approach Cilicia Tracheia, where they are closest to the mainland, and its eastern parts border on the Issic Gulf, and its western on the Pamphylian Sea, being washed by that sea, and its southern by the Aegyptian Sea. Now the Aegyptian Sea is confluent on the west with the Libyan and Carpathian Seas, but in its southern and eastern parts borders on Aegypt and the coast next thereafter as far as Seleuceia and Issus, and towards the north on Cypros and the Pamphylian Sea; but the Pamphylian Sea is surrounded on the north by the extremities of Cilicia Tracheia, of Pamphylia, and of Lycia, as far as Rhodia, and on the west by the island of the Rhodians, and on the east by the part of Cypros near Paphos and the Acamas, and on the south is confluent with the Aegyptian Sea. 2. The circuit of Cypros is three thousand four hundred and twenty stadia, including the sinuosities of the gulfs. The length from Cleides to the Acamas
;

by land, travelling from east to west, is one thousand four hundred stadia. The Cleides are two isles
lying off Cypros opposite the eastern parts of the island, which are seven hundred stadia distant from the Pyramus. The Acamas is a promontory with two breasts and much timber. It is situated at the western part of the island, and extends towards the north it lies closest to Selinus in Cilicia Tracheia, the passage across being one thousand stadia, whereas the passage across to Side in Pamphylia is
;

^ Instead of TrpoKeifieva, Corais and Meineke, following F, read vpoaKfijxiva.

375

STRABO
alwv, irpo^he XeXiBoi'la^; ')(^L\i(ov ivvaicoalwv. can he Tp6/JLTJK^ TO oXoV T^9 V7]aOV (T-)(ripXl, Kal TTOV Kol lad /iov<; TTOiel Kara Ta<; to irXdro^ Biopi^ovaa^ Tfkvpd<i' eyeL Be kol tcl Kad' eKaara, ew? iv

^pa^ecriv eiirelv, ovtw<;, dp^afjLvoi<; diro tov irpoaexccTTaTov a-rjfjLeiov rfj jjirelpo). Be^ ttov Kara to Wvefiovpiov, 3. "E^ayLtci' uKpav Trj<i Tpaxeia<; KiXiKLa^, dvTiKelaOat to

TWV KvirpLCDV

(IKpCOTljplOV lijV KpO/JL/JLVOV

UKpUP

TptaKoaioL^i xal TrevTrjKovTa aTaBioi^' ivTcvdev 3' ev dpiaTepa Be ttjv ijBrj Be^idv ttju vrjaov exovati/,
rjTTeipov, 7r/309 KOL Trpo? Td<i

Koaicov.
v(f)op/JLOV

dpKTOV 6 irXov^i earri kol tt/jo? (o KXelBa*; evdvirXola aTaBioav kiTTaiv Be tm /xera^i) AaTraao? re eVrt TroXt?,
P(opia,

exovaa Kal

AaKcovwv KTiapa
^

eiT *A(j)poKal Xlpa^dvBpov, Ka& t]v i) NdyiBo^:' BlcLov, Kad^ h arevrj 7; v^](TOf;' et<? 'yap ^aXaph'a
vrrep^a(TL<i

aTaBiwv e^BofirfKOvTa'

eW

Xxaifav
6 *

aKTT)^ OTTOV

TevKpo<i TTpoa-Mp/xia-Oj)

TrpoiTov

KTLaa<i 1aXap,Lva Tr)v ev Ki/7r/5w, eK^XtjOeif;, w? eiTa Kap<j)aaiv, VTTO TOV TraTpo'i TeXa/Awvo?' TTaaia iroXi^, Xifieva exovaa. KeiTat Be KaTO, tijv
Tvjv ^apTTTjBova' k Be t?}? Kapiraaia^ uTrep^acrU eaTiv ladfiov TpidKovTa aTaBitov irpo^ TO.*; v7](Tov<i Td<i KapTraaia^ Kal to votlov treXayo^' eiT aKpa Kal Spot' t) B' uKpcopeia KaXeiTai "OXu/a-

aKpav

7ro9,

exovaa

'A^/JoStrr;? ^AKpaia<;

yvvat^l Kal dopaTov.

vaov, dBvTOP irpoKeivTai Be irXtjaCov cu

8^,
71

Coniis emends to 8^. NiyiSoj Corais, for ^y iyiSos so the later editors. th' 'Axaoiy iiKri) tnoxz, tha x^P^^ ^''^ other MS8.
;

the editors.

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 6.

2-3

sixteen hundred and to the Chelidonian islands one thousand nine hundred. The shape of the island as a whole is oblong and in some places it forms isthmuses on the sides which define its breadth. But the island also has its several parts, which 1
;

shall describe briefly,

is

beginning with the point that

nearest to the mainland.

3. I have said somewhere^ that opposite to Anemurium, a cape of Cilicia Tracheia, is the

promontory of the Cyprians, I mean the promontory of Crommyus, at a distance of three hundred and Thence forthwith, keeping the island fifty stadia. on the right and the mainland on the left, the voyage to the Cleides lies in a straight line towards the north-east, a distance of seven hundred stadia. In the interval is the city Lapathus, with a mooringplace and dockyards it was founded by Laconians
;

and Praxander, and opposite it lies Nagidus. Then one comes to Aphrodisium, where the island is
narrow, for the passage across to Salamis is only seventy stadia. Then to the beach of the Achaeans, where Teucer, the founder of Salamis in Cypros, first landed, having been banished, as they say, by his father Telamon. Then to a city Carpasia, with a harbour. It is situated opposite the promontory Sarpedon and the passage from Carpasia across the isthmus to the Carpasian Islands and the southern sea is thirty stadia. Then to a promonThe mountain peak is called tory and mountain. Olympus and it has a temple of Aphrodite Acraea, which cannot be entered or seen by women. Off
; ;

14. 5. 3.

* b,

before Kriaas,

Kramer

inserts

so the later editors.

XT

VOL. VI.

377

STRABO
KXetSc? Kal aXXai Be TrXetou?, cW al Kapirda-iai Kal fiera ravTa<s rj ^a\afiL<i, oOev rjv "Apia-Td 6 (Tvyypa<pev(;' etr* ^Apaivorj TroXt? xal
vijaoL,
Xifjbtjv'

eW

dWo<;

\tp.T)v

AevKoWa'^

eir

uKpa

TirjhdXiov, r;?* vTrepKeirai, X,o^o9 Tpa-)(y^^ vy^rfK.6<i, Tpa7r^oiBT]<i, ipo<i 'A(^/ooStT?;?, et? op utto KXetBcov ardBiOL e^aKoaioi oyBorjKOVTa' elra /coXttco5/;? Kal rpa^v^ irapdirXov^ 6 irXeiodv el^; Klriov

exec Be Xcfieva
6
T/}<j

KXeiaruv evrevOev eari

Zijvrov re,

aipeaew^ dp^vy^TV^f '^^^ 'AttoXC 683 Xcoi'ios laTp6<i' evrevOev eh Brjpvrov aTdBioi y^LXioi irevraKoaiOL. elr 'AyLta^oO? 7ro\f? Kal p^ra^v TToXl^vrj^ YlaXaid KaXovpevrj, Kal 0/309 paaroeiBe^i
<TT(i)LKi]<i

"OXu/iTTo*?*

diTO

Sp6vci)v

elra Kovpid<; x^ppovijaoiBr)^, els fjv ardBioi etnaKoaLot,. elra rroXi^

Kovpiov, oppov e^ova-a, ^Apyelcov Kriapa. ijBrj ovv irdpearc a-KOirelv rrjv paOvplav rod rroLrjaavro^ ro eXeyelov rovro, ov 1) dp^^'y
Ipal rtp ^^oi^(p, TToXXbv Bid Kvp,a Oeovaai, TfXOopev al rax^val ro^a (f)vyelv Xa<f)or
etd'

*H8u\o9^ ariv,eW* oariaovv

(fyrjal* p,v yctp

opimtjdrjvai

Ta9 Xd(pov<; K(opvKi7]<: diro BeipdBo^,

Biavtj^acrdcu
7ra)9

Be KtXlaa-7]<; tjiovot eh dKrd<; Kovpt,dBa<;, Kal e'KL(f>deyyeraL, Biori

p,vpiov

drBpdai Oavpa voelv rrdpa,

Bi*

dvoBev-

rov

Xvpa
^
^

elapLvtp^ iBpdp^p^ev ^e<^vp^.^

for \tvKo\a ; so the later editors. other MSS. 'HSuXoj F, *r?* r\ SvKos other MSS. <pa(Tl CBhiou. 81' fUpif^, Meineke, for 8' itpirlmv moz, 5r ipiyuy other

htvKoWa, Canaubon,
^5 F,
ij

MSS. 378

GEOGRAPHY,
ft,

14. 6. 3

and near it, lie the Cleides, as also several other islands ; and then one comes to the Carpasian Islands ; and, after these, to Salamis, where Aristus Then to Arsinoe, a city the historian was born.
and harbour.

Then

to anotlier harbour, Leucolla.

Then

to a promontory, Pedalium,

above which

lies

a hill that is rugged, high, trapezium-shaped, and sacred to Aphrodite, whereto the distance from the Cleides i^^ six hundred and eighty stadia. Then comes the coasting-voyage to Citium, which for the most part is sinuous and rough. Citium has a harbour that can be closed ; and here were born both Zeno, the original founder of the Stoic sect, and Apollonius, The distance thence to Berytus is one a physician. thousand five hundred stadia. Then to the city Amathus, and, in the interval, to a small town called Palaea, and to a breast-shaped mountain called

Olympus. Then to Curias, which is peninsula-like, whereto the distance from Throni is seven hundred Then to a city Curium, which has a moorstadia. One ing-place and was founded by the Argives. may therefore see at once the carelessness of the " poet who wrote the elegy that begins, we hinds,
sacred to Phoebus, racing across many billows, came hither in our swift course to escape the arrows of our pursuers," whether the author was Hedylus or someone else ; for he says that the hinds set out from the Corycian heights and swam across from the Cilician shore to the beach of Curias, and further says that "it is a matter of untold amazement to men to think how we ran across the impassable stream by the aid of a vernal west wind" ; for while

(e<pip(p,

Meineke, for

(ecpvpay.

379

STRABO
aTTO

yhp KwpVKOV
ovTC

7r6/)t7r\0U9 fMV (TTIV 6t? K.OV-

pidSa uKTTjv,

ovre iv Be^ta ^(f}vpfp Be, exovTL TTjv vrjaov, ovt iv apiarepa, hiapp.a S' ovBev. upxh ^' ^^^ "^oO BvcTfiiKOV irapatrXov ro Kovptov rov /SXeirovTo^; Trpo? 'PoBov, xal evOv^
(TTiv

dxpa, a<f>* ij? pLTrrovai rov<; a-y^ap,evov<i rov ^(Ofiov rov 'AttoWwj'o?* eZra Tp-^ra xal Bootroupa Kal OaXatTra^o?, oaov eV Bcku (TraBioi^; virep

T^9

OaXdrrrjf;

IBpvfievr),

v(f)oppov ^

e^ovaa, xal

iepov apxcuov t^? Y\a(^ia^

Z<f)vpLa,

A(f>poBLT7j<i'

eW

aKoa

irpoaoppov exovaa, koI aXKr) ^Apaivorjt ofiolo)^ Trpoaopjjiov e^ovaa Kal Iepov koI akao^* fjLLKpov B' diro Trj<; OaXciTTTj^; Kui t) 'lepofdjiri^i. eW T] Ud^io^, KTLap,a * Ayair t]vopo(;, Kal XipAva e^ovaa Kal lepd ev KareaKevaa pieva. Btex^t 51 Tre^^ araBiovf; e^rjKovra ttj<: TlaXanrd<f>ov, xal TravTjyvpl^ovai Bid rr]<i oBov ravTr)<; Kar ero^ eirl
Kal
rr)v IlaXaL7ra(f)ov dvBpe<; ofiov yvvat^lv crvviovre^ ^ iK Twv dXXcov ttoXccov. <f)aal B' t9 'AXefai/-

Bpetdv Tive<i K T[d(l>ov araBiovf; elvat TpiaxtXlov<; eW 6 'AAta/ua? earl perd Tld(pov' e^aKoaiov^. ^ elia irpo^ ew perd rov AKupavra 7rXoD9 ei<i ^ Ap<JLv6r)v iroXiv Kal ro rov Ai6<; dXao^' elra XoXoi ^ TToXt?, Xipeva exovaa Kal irorapov xal iepov *A<f>poBLrT)(; kuI '^lcnBo<i' Kricrpu &' earl ^aXrjpov Kal ^AKdpnvrot ^A0t)val(i>v' ol B* evoievrevdev tjv StoKovvret 'S.oXioi KaXovvrai.
^

advojp

r<t)v

r)^ia>pevo<;' 7r6Xi<i' elB'

^

AXe^dvBpov eraipwv, dvrjp rjyepovla^ vnepKCirai S' ev peaoyala Aifievia

^ Kpofj,p.vov aKpa,
is

Kai

omitted by

all

MSS. except DF.

SdXoi, Tzschucke, for 7,6kovs.

380

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 6.

there is a voyage round the island from Corycus to the beach Curias, which is made neither by the aid of a west wind nor by keeping the island on the right nor on the left, there is no passage across the At any rate, Curium is sea between the two places. the beginning of the westerly voyage in the direction and immediately one comes to a proof Rhodes montory, whence are flung those who touch the Then to Treta, and to Boosura, altar of Apollo. and to Palaepaphus, which last is situated at about ten stadia above the sea, has a mooring-place, and an ancient temple of the Paphian Aphrodite. Then to the promontory Zephyria, with a landing-place, and to another Arsinoe, which likewise has a landmgAnd at place and a temple and a sacred precinct. a little distance from the sea is Hierocepis. Then to Paphus, which was founded by Agapenor, and has both a harbour and well-built temples. It is sixty stadia distant from Palaepaphus by land ; and on this road men together with women, who also assemble here from the other cities, hold an annual Some say that the disprocession to Palaepaphus. tance from Paphus to Alexandria is three thousand
;

six

hundred

to the Acamas.

the east,

Then, after Paphus, one comes Then, after the Acamas, towards one sails to a city Arsinoe and the sacred
stadia.

Then to a city Soli, with a harbour and a river and a temple of Aphrodite and Isis. It was founded by Phalerus and Acamas, Athenians and the inhabitants are called Solians and here was born Stasanor, one of the comrades of Alexander, who was thought worthy of a chief command and above it, in the interior, lies a city Limenia. And then to the promontory of Crommyus.
precinct of Zeus.
;

381

STRABO
4.

Tt

Be

Bet

rwv

TrotrjTOJV

fidXia-Ta

Twv
eVrt

toiovtcop,
a-irovBij,
Trj<;

0I9

rj

Oavfjid^etP, iratra irepX

xai
ttji

684 (jypdaiv

rd

KplvovTa<;, 6crTi<;

vijaov

rod ^a/xdaTov cvyro fiTJKO<i dirb rSyv

dTToBiBcoaiv,

dpKT(Dv

7r/309

fiecrt) fjL^ piav

diro

'\poKr)'jria^,

w?

<^ii(jlv,

cU

KXetSa?

ovBe 6

'Kparoa6evr](; ev' alrico/j-evo^ yap tovtov, ovk air* diro dpKTODV ^rjaXv elvat ttjv ^lepOK-rjiriap, vorov ovBe yap utto vorov, dX)C dno Bvaeajf;,

aW

etirep

ev ri}

Tld<f>o<;

Bua^iK^ irXevpa Kelrai, ev y Kal rj Kal 6 'Aa/Lta?. BiaKeiTai fiev ovtq)^ ^

tj}

Kv7rpo<;
5.

Oeaei.
dpcTrjv

B' ovBcfiLati ra)v vrfcwv XelTverar Kal ydp voiv6<i eari Kal eve\aio<i, airo) re avrdpKei xpV'^o,r /jLcraWd re x^^f^ov earlv A^Oova rd ev Tap,aaa5>} iv oh ro ;)^a\Aca/^e9 yiverai, Kal 6

Kar

409

rov

xaXKov,
(fitjal

Xpijctfia.
Bpvfxol'i
TT/oo?

rd<; iaTptKd<i 7rpo<i 6* ^EpaToa6VT}<; ro

rreBicov,

Bvvdfxei^

iraXaLov

vXo/jLavovvrcov

rS)v

ware

Karex^o^Oat

Kal

/JL7J

yecopyelaOai, fxixpa p.ev 7ra)(f)\iv

rijv

rovro rd p.eraWa, BevBporofiovvrcov tt/jo? Kavaiv rov ;\;aXoi) Kal rov dpyvpov, irpoffrrjv

yeveaOai Be Kal
TrXeofievTjf:

dBeax;

t?)?

vavjnjyiav ra)v aroXayv, tjBrj 6aXdrrr)<s Kal fierd Bwd^-

CO? 5* OVK i^evUcov, eirirpey^aL roh /3ov' Xofievoi^ Kal Bwafxevoi^i eKKoirreiv Kal exctP iBiOKrTjrov Kal dreXij rrjv BiaKa0ap6eiaav yt}v. 6. Uporepov fiev ovv Kard TroXet? irvpavvovvro

fiewv

01
*

Kvrrpioi,

d(f>

ov

8'

oi

UroXefiaiKol /Saa-iXtZ^

Tauaffa^, Xylnnder, for Tafiaa^ K, Taraao^ Other

M8S.

382

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 6.

4-6

4. But why should one wonder at the poets, and particularly at writers of the kind that are wholly concerned about style, when we compare the statements of Damastes, who gives the length of the island as from north to south, "from Hierocepias,"

as

he says, "to Cleides"? Neither is Eratosthenes correct, for, although he censures Damastes, he
is not on the north but on the on the south either, but on the west, since it lies on the western side, where are also Paphus and the Acamas. Such is the geographical

says that Hierocepias

south

for it is not

position of Cypros.
5. In fertility Cyprus is not inferior to any one of the islands, for it produces both good wine and good oil, and also a sufficient supply of grain for its own And at Tamassus there are abundant mines of use. ^ and also copper, in which is found chalcanthite the rust of copper, which latter is useful for its Eratosthenes says that in medicinal properties. ancient times the plains were thickly overgrown with forests, and therefore were covered with woods and not cultivated that the mines helped a little against this, since the people would cut down the trees to burn the copper and the silver, and that the building of the fleets further helped, since the sea was now being navigated safely, that is, with naval forces, but that, because they could not thus prevail over the growth of the timber, they permitted anyone who wished, or was able, to cut out the timber and to keep the land thus cleared as his own
;

property and exempt from taxes. cities 6. Now in the earlier times the several of the Cyprians were under the rule of tyrants,
1

Sulphate of copper.

383

STRABO
Kvptoi T779 AlyvTTTOv KaretTTrja-av, et? cKeivov^ Ka\ rj l^virpo^ TrepieaTT), avfivparTovTcov TroWa/ct? eVel 8' 6 TcXevraio^ ap^a^ Kol t5)v 'PcDfiaCoyv.

WioXepMio^, a8eX^09 tov ^Xeoir dr pa^ irarpo^, T^9 Ka6^ r)/j,a<; ^aaiXicrarjf;, eSo^e TrXrj/xfieX,'^^ re elvai Kot d'xapia'TO'i elfj tov<; eue/jyera?, CAceti'o?
KareXvdr], 'Pcofialot Be KaTea')(pv rrjp prjaov, yeyove (TTparrjyLKrj 7rap)(^la KaO' aimjv, fjbdXiaTa 8' acTio<i rod oXeOpov KareaTr) ry
fjLv

Koi

^aaiXel HottXio^;

yap eh rd
Tore,
Be6/jLvo<;
eTrefjLyjre

XTjartjpLa,

K.Xavhio<i YiovX')(ep' e/xireo'OJV tmv KlXlkq)i> aK/jia^ovToov

Xvrpov
/jlcp,

alTovfivo<;

iireaTeiXe

irefiy^ai

koI

pvaaadai

r^ ^aaiXett avrow 6 B*
xaX

fxiKpov Be

TeXa)9, (oare

tow

alBeaOrjvai Xa/3elv, dXXd dvatrefMylrat <Ta)OeU B* TrdXtv, TOP B' dpev Xvrpoup dvoXvaai.
Xrj(Trd<;

eKelpo<i

aTrefiVTjfiovevaep
Bij/iapxo<;,

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rrjp

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rrfp

Kal

yep6/JLepo<;

icx^ae roaovrop, ware

d<f)aip7ja6fj,epo^

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l!^ldpKo<;

Kdrcop,

Kvirpop TOP Karexopra. eVeti/o? /jlp ovp <f>6tj Biaxi'pi<Td/jLvo^ avTOP, Kdrcop Be eTreXOwp vapi' C 686 Xa^e rrjp Kuirpop, kuX rrjp fiaaiX/KTjp ovalav BieOero, Kal rd p^pr/yu-ara et? to Brj/noatop rapneXov
rSiP
'V(t>fiai(op

eKOfiiaep'

e^

eKeipov

3*

ey^pero

eirapx'ici
TTfyiKi]'

V ''^"/o-o?, KaOdirep Kal pvp i<rri, arpa* oXiyop Bk xP^^'op rop fiera^if ^Aprwvio^

KXeoTrdrpa Kal rfj dSeXtpfj avrrjfj ^Aptrtporf 7rap4BwKe- KaraXvOePTO^ Bk klpov, avyKareXvdijaap Kal at Biard^ei^; avrov Trdaai.

384

GEOGRAPHY,

14. 6. 6

but from the time the Ptolemaic kings became established as lords of E^ypt Cyprus too came into their power, the Romans often co-operating But when the last Ptolemy that with them. reigned, the brother of the father of Cleopatra, the queen in my time, was decreed to be both disagreeable and ungrateful to his benefactors, he was deposed, and the Romans took possession of the island and it has become a praetorian province by The chief cause of the ruin of the king was itself. Publius Claudius Pulcher; for the latter, having fallen into the hands of the bands of pirates, the Cilicians then being at the height of their power, and, being asked for a ransom, sent a message to the king, begging him to send and rescue him. The king indeed sent a ransom, but so utterly small that the pirates disdained to take it and sent it back again, but released him without ransom. Having safely escaped, he remembered the favour of both and, when he became tribune of the people, he was so powerful that he had Marcus Cato sent to take Cypros away from its possessor. Now the king killed himself beforehand, but Cato went over and took Cypros and disposed of the king's property and carried the money to the Roman From that time the island became a treasury. province, just as it is now a praetorian province. During a short intervening time Antony gave it over to Cleopatra and her sister Arsinoe, but when he was overthrown his whole organisation was overthrown with him.
;

N 2

38s

PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER

NAMES
ABA, queen of 01b4, 343 Abydus, 5, 19, 23, 37, 41, 43 A-camas, the promontory, 375, 381
AchUles, 15, 61, 105, 107, 119, 121, 129, 149. 151

of Dareius, 27; visHed Hium, 51; friendly to Ilium, 55, 57 ; offered to restore temple of Artemis at Ephesus, 227; extended limits of

Adeimantus

of

Lampsacos

(see foot-

note 3 on p. 36), 37 Aega, the promontory, 133, 135 Aeueias, 19, 65, 106, 107, 119

Adramytiium, 9, 103, 123, Adramyttium, GuJf of, 13,

31

127, 129
97,

229; sacred precinct of, seized Halicamassus, 285; 239; destroyed Milyas, 321 ; led phalanx against Dareius from Soli, 355 Alexander Lychnus the orator, native of Ephesus, 231 Aithaemencs the Argive, coloniser of Crete, Rhodes, and other cities, 271
refuge,

103

Alyattes,

mound

of,

built

by

prosti;

Adrasteia, 27, 29 Adrestus, builder of altar to Nemesis,

Aeolians, the, Aeolis, 7, 23
7,

tutes, 177, 179

Amphilochus, founder of Mallus, 363 tomb of, near Magarsa, 355

23

Amyntas

(see Dictionary in vol. v), received a part of Cilicia Tracheia

Aepytus, son of Neleus, founder of Prienfi, 199 Aescliines the orator, contemporary of Cicero, native of Miletus, 207 Aeschylus, on the Calcus River, 139 Aesepus River, the, 3, 7, 85 Agamenanon, 55, 97, 223, 233 Agapenor, on return from Troy founded Paphus, 381 Agatharchides the Peripatetic and historian (fl. apparently about 130 B.C.), native of Cnidus, 283 Agathocles, son of Lysimachus, slain by his father, 165 Agrippa, transported a work of from LysippuB Lampsacus to

from the Romans, 337 Anacreon the melic poet (see Dictionary in vol. ii), calls Teos " Atha199 ; lived with tyrant Polycrates, 217; native of Teos, 237 ; on warlike zeal of the Oarians,

mantis,"

301

Anaxagoras the natural philosopher,

a Clazomenian, 245 Anaxarchus, companion of Alexander on Asiatic expedition, 55

Anaxenor the citharoede, exalted by Antony and consecrated to Zeus by his native land, 255 Anaximander (see Dictionary in
vol.
i),

native of Miletus, 207

of

Rome, 37
Alabanda, 27, 299 Alcaeus the poet, threw away his arms in battle, 77; on Antandrus,
141 ; 143; 147 Alexander the Great, defeated satraps
;

Anaximenes

Lampsacus,

accom-

101

native
of

author

of Mitylene, Stasiotic poems.

Callias,

interpreted

by

panied Alexander on Asiatic expedition, wrot histories of Philip and Alexander, a history of Greece in twelve books; on places called a rhetorician, 37 on Colonae, 35 the colonies of Miletus, 207 Anaximenes the philosopher, native
; ;

A complete index will appear in the last volume.

387

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

of Miletus. associate of 207; Aoaxagora;, 24S founded by Sardanapallas and the site of his tomb, according to Aristobulus, 341, 343 AndroeluB, son of Oodrus the king of leader of the Ionian Athens, colonisation apd founder of Ephesus

Aphrodite the Paphlan, 381 Apoecus, the Athenian, foander

Teos, 201 Apollo, 159,
243, 246, 317, 29; Cillaean, 123,

of

Ajichlal^,

Actaeus,
Clarius,

(according to Pherocydes), 199; drove Carians and Lelegcs out of Bpheaus, 225 Ajadromachft, native of Theb?, 17 Andronicus the Peripatetic, native of Rhodes, 279 Antandrus, 101, 103, 123 Antigonus the son of Philip (see Dictionary in vol. v), founder of Alexandreia in Troad, 63 ; founder of Antigonia (Alexandreia), G5 incorporated Scepslans into Alexbuilder of new andreia, 105; Smvrna, 245; revolted from, by Bomencs, 343 Antimachus (see Dictionary in vol. iv), on the goddess Nemesis, 31 Antimenidas, brother of Alracus, native of MitylenA, 141 Antiocheia on the Maeander, 189 Antiochus the Great (see Dictionary in vol. V); the Romans, expelled by 63 ; fought by Eumencs, 167 Antiochus Soter (see Dictionary in vol. v); conquered by Eumcnes, 166 Antipatcr Derbetos, the tyrant, 366 Antipater the Stoic, native of Tarsus, 347 Antony (see Dictionary In vol. v), carried off statue of Aias to AcgyT>t, 69; carried off statues from the Heraeum, 213; increased limits of refuge at Ephesus, 229; assigned part of Oilicia to Cleopatra, 331; conferred queenship on Aba. 343; to ruler of friendly Boethus, Tarsus, 349; gave Oypros to Cleopatra amd her sister Arsino^, 386 Apelles the painter (see Dictionary in vol. i), native of Ephesus, 231; painted portrait of Antigonus and the Aphrodite Anadyomenfi, 287, 289 Apellicnn of Teos, bought libraries of Aristotle and Tbeophrastos, 111; a Teian," 239 4.ptiro<Jit Acraca, 877
;

233; Didymeus, Hecatus, Larisaean, 147; Sminthian, 21, 123; Thymbraeaa, 207 69; "Ulius," Apollodorus, of Athens (see Dictionary in vol. i), author of works On the
Caialogue of t>hip* and A Deicription of the Earth; on the tcnn 'barbarians," 303 ; on the lYoJan allies, 387, 359: on the number of tribes in Asia Minor, 361, 863, 367; oo the Trojan allies according to Homer, 369; wrongly interprets Homer's " Ascania," 371 Apollodorus the rhetorician and philosopher, native of Pergamum, 171 ApoUonius the physician, native of Citium, 379 ApoUonius the Stoic, beat of the disciples of Panaetius, native of Nysa, 263 Malacus of ApoUonius (teacher rhetoric at Rhodes about ISO B.O.), native of Alabanda, 281 ; ridiculed

881; 137; 206; 166;

Alabanda, 299

Molon of Alabanda, author of speech entitled Aaainst of 267; Caunians, pupil Mcnccles the orator, 281 ; changed his abode to Rhodes, 299 ApoUonius Mus. fellow-napil with Hcracleidcs the physicuu) in time of Ptrabo, 243 ApoUonius Rhodius, author of the an Alexandrian bat Argonauts, called a Rhodian, 281 Aratus the poet, author ot Tkt Phaenomena, native of Soli, 841 of the Academy, aad Arcesilails,
ApoUonius
the

Archedemus
Archel&vis.

fellow-student of Zeno, 131 the Stoic, natire

o(

Tarsus, 347
of king Cappadoeia, whole of Oflicia received the Traoheia except Sclcnceia (from Augustus), 337, 339 Archelibis the natural philosopher about 460 B.C.), papil of (fl. Anaxagoras, 246 Archilochus, on the .Uagnetaoa, S68

338

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Areius, contemporary of Augustus, friend of Xenarchus the philosopher,

335
of reputed MitylenS, builder of wall round Sigeium, 75 Arion.thecitharist, native of Metbymna, 145 Aristarchus (see Dictionary in vol. i), teacher of Menecrates, 263 Aristeas of Proconnesus (see Dictionary in vol. i), 33; reputed teacher of

Archaeanax

Homer, 219 Aristobulus (see Dictionary in vol. v), says that Anchiald was founded by, and was the site of tomb of, Sardanapallus, 341 Aristocles the grammarian, contemporary of Strabo, native of Rhodes, 281 son of Menecrates, Aristodemus, teacher of Strabo at Nysa, 263 Ariston the Peripatetic (see footnote 3 on p. 289), 289 Ariston, pupil and heir of Ariston the Peripatetic, native of Cos, 289 Aristonicus, caused Leucae to revolt after death of his brother Attains ended life in Philometor, 247; prison at Rome, 249 1 ; Aristotle, on the Trojan walls, teacher of Neleus, 111; tarried at Assus, 115; teacher and friend of Hermeias the tyrant, 117; teacher of Theophrastus and Phanias, 145 Artemidorus (see Dictionary in vol. ii), on certain distances between Aeolian cities, ] 59 ; on the restoration of temple of Ephesian Artemis, 227 ; ambassador to Rome, honoured at on certain Ephesixs, 233; distances in Asia Minor, 307, 309, 311 ; on cities in the Lycian League, 315; makes Oelenderis, not Coracesimn, the beginning of Cilicia, 333 ; on the distance from the Pyramus River to Soli, 353; falsifier of distances, 359; on the number of the tribes in Asia Minor, 361 Artemidorus, son of Theopompus the contemporary of Strabo, native of Cnidus, 283 Artemidorus the grammarian, native of Tarsus, 351 Artemis, 29, 207, 221 ; the Astyrene, 129 ; Cindyas, 289 ; Ephesian, 223,

225; Leucophryene, 251; ManyPergaea, 325; Sarpedonian, 357 Artemisia, wife of Mausolus the king of Caria, 283 Asander the king, slayer of Pharnaces and king of the Bosporus, 169 Asclepius, bom near Triced, 249 Assus, 101, 115, 129 Astyra, 45, 129, 131 Athena, 81, 83, 135, 215, 277, 325 Athena Lindia, 279 Athenaeus the conPeripatetic, temporary of Strabo, native of Seleuceia, 335 Athenals the prophetess (contemporary of Alexander), native of Erythrae, 243 Athenians, the, voted, but rescinded, decree the disgraceful against founders of Mitylenaeans, 145; Elaea, 159 Athenodorus Cananites (see Dicin vol. teacher of tionary i), Ansrustus, native of Tarsus, 349; restored at good government Tarsus, 351 Athenodorus Oordylion, lived with Marcus Cato, native of Tarsus, 347 Attalic kings, the, 31, 159, 163 Attalus I, king of Pergamum (reigned 241-197 B.C.), on the Beautiful Pine, 89; transferred (Jergithians of the Troad to Gergitha, 139 ; son of Attalus and Antiochis, 165; friend of the Romans, 167 Attalus II, Philadelphus, king of Pergamum (reigned 159-138 B.C.), deceived in regard to mole at mouth of Ephesian harbour, 229; settled the " Dionysiac artists " in Myonnesus, 237; Attaleia named after him, 323 Attalus III, Philometor, king of Pergamum (reigned 138-133 B.C.), left the Romans his heirs, 169; after his death Leucae revolted, 247
chia, 223;

Bacchylides, on the source of the CalcuB River, 137 Bellerophon, Palisade of, 191 Bias, one of the Seven Wise Men, native of Prien6, 211

389

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Boethus, bad poet, bad citizen, and ruler of Tarsus, 849
Oauconlans, the 161 Caystcr Plain, the, 165, 186 Celaeaae, 137 Chares the Lindian, built the Colossi of ivhodes, 269 Charon the historian, on the boun daries of the Troad, 9; natjv.
of Lampsacus, 37 Clieirocratcs the architect, complet< the temple of Artemis at Epbesu

ir^

Caesar Augustus, gave back statue of Aias to RLocteians, 59; appointed Marcus Pompey procurator of Asia, 115; pupil of Apollodonis, 171;
restored statues to tlie

Ueraeum,

215; nullified extension of limits of refuge at Ephesus, 229; dedicated a painting of Apellcs to his father, 289; friend of Xenarchua the philosopher, 335
Caesar, Julius, friendly to Ilium, 65, of Mithridatea friend to 67;
Perg.'iiuum, lf>9; lYebonius one of his murderers, 247; sold wealth of

Pythodorus, 267; painting by Apelles dedicated to hmi by his son Augustus, 289 Calcus River, the, 6, 103, 133, 137, 153, 169 Calchas the prophet, died of grief as result of contest with Mopsus the prophet, 233, 325, 353
Callias,

and proposed to Alexander t. fashion Mt. Athoe in bis likeness, 2: Chelidoniau Islands, the, 263, 319 tJhiirsiphron, first architect nf temple of Artemis at Kphesus, 228 Chios, founded bv Kgertius, 201, 243 Chrysa, 93, 121, 123 Chrysippus, successor of Cleanthes as head of the Stoic school of philosophy, 116; native of Soli, 339 Cibyra, 189. 193
Cicero, applauded Menippua GatocM above all Asiatic orators, 399 Cilicia Pedias, 327 Cilioia Tracbeia, 311, 813. SS&. 887, 337. 376 Cilicians, the, 121, 149, 163, 331 Citium, home of Zeno. 379 Clazomenae, founded by Paralus, 201, 239, 245 Cleanthes of Assus, the Stoic philosopher, successor of Zeno, 116 Cleides, the, two isles oft Cyproa, 37ft,

interpreter Alcaeus, 147

of

Sappho and

Callimachua (see Dictionary in vol. i), on Creophilus of Samoa, 219; comrade of the poet ncracleitua, i!85 CallinuB the elegiac poet, on the Teucrians, 95; on the capture of calls 179; Sardels, Kphcsians " on 201 ; the Smymaeans," on the early Magnetans, 261 invasion of the Cimmerians, 263 on the death of Calchas at Clams.
; ;

379
Cleobiilus. one of the Seven native of Lindus. 279

Wise Men.

Cleopatra, aasigned by

Antonv a part

of Cilicia lYacheia for the building of her fleets, 331 ; joined Antony in

325 Callisthenes (see DicHonary in vol. v), on the name " Adrasteia," 29; companion of Alexander, 66; on the cities united by Mausolus, 119; on the ArimI, 177; on Sardeis. 179; on Phrynichus the tragic poet, 209; had false notions about the HaliEones, 3C9 CameiruB, 276, 279
6, 13, 105, 133, 141 Careaen6, 87, 89 Carians, the, 117, 119, 197, 199, 216, 225. 863, 293. 301 Gate, Marcus, sent from Rome to wice

conferring quecnship upon Aba, 343; presented Cypros by Antony, 386 Codnin, king of Athens. 199 Colophon, 199, 203, 233. 236 ColoHsus of Rhodes, the. 269 Coriscus, Socratic philosopher. 111 Cos, 287 Crat/es the grammarian, aative of
^(allus,

366
of.

Canae.

Cratippus. sons 267

tyrants at ItaUda,

Cypro, 386

Creophilus of Samos, reputed teacher of Homer, and by Callimachos called author of the poem eatitJed Tht Capturt of Oechalia, 319

390

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Crinagoras (fl. in Strabo's time), author of fifty epigrams in the Greek Anthology, native of Mitylene, 143 Croesus, 173 ; origin of wealth of, 371 Orommyus, the promontory, 333, 377, 381 Ctesias, physician of Artaxerxes and author of works entitled Assyrica and Persica, native of Onidus, 283 Ouretes, the, frightened Hera, 223; special college of, 225 Curium, 379, 381 Oycnus, king of Colon ae, 35 C^dnus River, the, 343, 345, 353 Oym6, 5, 153, 155 161 Cyprus, 373, 383, 385 C^zicen^, 5, 7, 11 CyzicuB, 23, 33
Trojans^ 91; on AntandruB, 101; author of The on Scepsis, 105
;

D.

Daes

Colonae, on the temple of Cillaean Apollo, 123 Damastes (see Dictionary in vol. i), on the boundaries of the Troad, 9 ; wrong on the geographical position of Cypros, 383 Damasus, the Athenian, founder of Teos, 201 Damasus Scombrus the orator, native of Tralleis, 257 Daphitas the grammarian, reputed to
of

been crucified because he reviled the kings in a distich, 249 Dardaiiia, 47, 65, 99 Dardanians, the, 19, 101 Dareius, father of Xerxes, burned the

have

on the Propontis, 43 ; gave Syloson the tyrannv over Samoa. 219 Delos, great slave market, 329 of the Demetrius Lacon, pupil Epicurean Protarchus, 289 Demetrius, son of Seleucus, helped by Attalus to defeat Alexander the son of Antiochus, 169 Demetrius of Scepsis (see Dictionary in vol. i), visited Ilium, 53; on territory subject to Hector, 65; on spurs of Mt. Ida, 67; cites Hestiaea of Aloxandreia, 73; calls Timaeus a falsifier 77 ; on Mt. Ida, 86; on the Rhesus River, 87; his commentary on the Catalogue of the
cities

Marshalling of the Trojan Forces, 113; calls the Gargarians semibarbarians, 117 ; on the Arimi, 177 ; on the Asioneis, 179; borrowed stories from Callisthenes, 369 Diodorus the dialectician, nicknamed Cronus, contemporary of Ptolemy Soter, 291 Diodorus the general (see footnote 2 on p. 129), 129 Diodorus the grammarian, native of Tarsus, 351 Diodorus the younger, of Sardeis, friend of Strabo, and author of poems and historical treatises, 181 Diodoruses, the; two orators, both natives of Sardeis, 179, 181 Diodotus Tryphon, caused Syria to revolt, but was forced by Antiochus the son of Demetrius to kill himself, 327 Diogenes the poet and itinerant philosopher, native of Tarsus, 351 Dionysides the tragic poet, native of Tarsus, 353 Dionysius the historian and rhetorician, contemporary of Strabo, native of Halicarnassus, 285 Dionysius Thrax, Alexandrian but called Rhodiau, 281 Dionysocles the orator, native of Tralleis, 257 Dionysus, Games in honour of, 237 DionysuD Pyrigenes, 183 Diophanes the rhetorician, native of MitylenS, 143 Diotrephes of Antiocheia, teacher of Hybreas of Mylasa, 295 Diotrephes the sophist, native of Antiocheia on the Maeander, 191 Dolabella, captured at Smyrna, and slew, Trebonius, one of the murderers of Caesar, 247 Dometius Ahenobarbus (see Dictionary
in vol.
ii), opponent and slayer Menodarus, 257

of

Egertius, founder of Chios, 201 Elaea, 105, 133, 159 Elaeussa, the island, royal residence of Archeiaus, 267, 337

391

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Elaltic Golf, the, 6, 103, 133 Ephesus, 166, 199, 201, 206, 221, 226,

237

Epborus

(see Dictionary in vol.

;

i),

on
;

nalicamassos, 119, 309, S8S, S8 Halizones, the. 366. 369

the extent of Acolis, 9 ; on the name " Aeolis," 79 native of Oym$, 161 on the object of ridicule, 163; founding of Miletus, 205; on the number of tribes in Asia Minor, 361, 363; does not name Cappadocia, 366 on Homer's Trojan allies, 369 Epicurus the philosopher, in a sense a became an Lampsacenian, 37; ephebua at Athens, 219 Brastus, Socratic philosopher. 111 Eratosthenes (soe Dictionary in vol. i), wrong on the geographical position of Cypros, 38 ; on certain distances in Asia Minor, 311 Erythrac, foumlnd by Cnopus the son of Codrus, 201, 239, 241 Eademus the philoeopher, native of Rhodes, 279
;

Hamazitus, 93, 96, 97, 101 Hecataeus fsee Dictionary in voL native of Miletus, 207; on mountain of the Phtheires,
',

native of Teos, 239

Uecatomnos,

king

of

of Cnidus (see Dictionary in i), on places on the Propontis, 9; mathematician and comrade of Plato, 283 Bumenes I, brother of Lysimachus and
vol.

Eudoxus

father of three daughters, 286, 296 Hector, 19. 149. 161, 163 Hedylus the elegiac poet, OQtt> temporary of Callimacbus, 379 Hegcsianax, on the visit of tht Galatae to Ilium, 63 Hegesias the orator, corrupter of tb* Attic style, native of Magnesia, 2M Hellanicus (see Dictionary In vol. f), speaks to gratify the Iliaos, 8A; calls Aiutus an Aeolian city, 117; native of Lesbos, 147 Heracleidcs the Heropbilelan phyiioian,

the Ckriaoi, sons and two

contemporary

of

Stnbo^

king of Pergamum, 1G6 II, king of Pergamum, 166 received Telmcssus from tlie Romans but later was forced to give it back to the Lycians, 317 Bumenes of Cardia (see Dictionary in

Bomenes

vol. v),

removed Macedonian

trea-

sures from Cyinda, 343 Euripides, on Aug the mother of Telephus, 136; on Marsyas, 137;

by Athcnacus, 336 Buthydemus, orator and statesman, contemporary of Strabo, native of

Mylaaa, 396

pupil

of Anaxagoras, 245;

quoted

Fimbria,

Roman
66

quaestor, destroyer

of Ilium,

native of Erytlirae, 243 Heracleidcs of Pontus (see Dictionarf in vol. i), on the temple of ApoUo, Heracleitus the poet, c<nnrde of Callimachns, native of HalicorUiissus, 286 Heracleitus the Obscure, native of Ephesus, 231 Ilormeias, tyrant of Amos and Atameus, 116, 131 builder of altar at Herroocreon, Parium, 29 Ilcnnodorus, called by Heraoleitus " the most useful man of Epbeoos," and reputed to have written certMO laws for the Homans, 231 Hermus River, the, 6, 13, 169, 178, 17 Herodotus, on the priesten of Atbeoa at Pcdasus, 119; oo AricMi of Methymna, 146; on oeitain riven near Sardeis, 173; on the tomb of native of AIyatt4. 177, 179; Ilalicamnssus. 283; on the Painphylians. 326

Hcrostratiis, an Epbesian who in B.C. set on Are the temple

SM

of

Gargara, 103, 117 Glaucias, the refugee tyrant, Sidend, 83 Granicns River, the, 6, 7, 37, 86

Artemis at Kpheeua to immortaliw

to
himself, 225 Hesio)], knew not of the god Pril^NlS, 89; native of OymA, 161; on tht

392

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

contest between Calchaa and Mopsus, 233; says that Amphilochus was slain by Apollo at Soli, 355; on the origin of the Asiatic Magnetans, 251 Hestiaea of Alexandreia, author of a work on Homer's Iliad, 73 Hidrieus, second son of king Hecatomnoa, married his younger sister Ada, 285 Hierapolis, 185, 189 Hlerocles the native of orator, Alabanda, 299
Lesbocles. native of MitylenS, 143 Lesbos, 7, 139, 149 Leto,the mother of Apollo and Artemis 223, 265, 267 Lindus, 275, 279 Lycia, 265, 311 Lycians, the, 19, 179 Lycian League, the, 313, 316 Lycurgus the orator, on the rasing of Ilium, 83 Lydians, the, 181 Lyrnessus, 17, 105, 107, 121, 323 Lysimachus (see Dictionary in vol. v, and footnote 3 on p. 203 of vol. iii), devoted especial attention to Ilium and Alexandreia, 53; permitted Scepsians to return home from Alexandreia, 65; founder of the Asclepieium, 89 ; king of Pergamum, 163, 165 ; built wall round Ephesus, 225; builder of the new Smyrna, 245; ridiculed in distich composed by Daphitas, 251

Hieronymus the philosopher, native

of Rhodes, 279 Hippocrates the great native of Cos, 289

physician,

Hipponax (see Dictionary in vol. iv), on a place called Smyrna that on belonged to Ephesus, 201;
Bias of Prieng, Ephesus, 231
211;
native
of

Homer,

9, 11, 16, 23, 49, 71, 81, 99,

105, 109, 117, 121, 135, 137, 153, 161, 175, 179, 219, 237, 243, 247, 273, 301, 321, 349 Hybreas, orator, statesman, contemporary of Strabo, native of Mylasa, 295, 297

lalysus, 275, 279 Ida, Mt., 9, 65, 85, 97

Maeander River, the, 185, 211, 249 Magnesia, 159 Magnesia on the Maeander, 249 Mallus, 353, 355 Manius Aquillius the consul (129 B.O.), personally organised a province in Asia Minor, 249

nians, the Village of, reputed site of ancient Ilium, 69, 81 Hium, territory of, 45; founded by Hus, 49, 53, 55, 67, 81, 153 Ion the tragic poet, native of Chios,

243 Ionia, 197 Ionian colonisation, the, 5 Ionian League, the, 201 loaians, the, 197 Isocrates the teacher orator, Ephorus, 161

of

Lectura,

Labienus, Quintus, seized Mylasa, 297 Larisa, 153, 155 5, 11, 13, 97, 101

him alive, 249 Mausolus, king of Caria, 119; tomb married his elder sister of, 283; Artemisia, 285 Malenchrus, tyrant of Mitylene, 143 MemnoD of Rhodes, served Persians as general, 117 Menander (see Dictionary in vol. v), says "it (Samos) produces even bird's milk," became an 217; ephebus at Athens, 219 Menecles the orator, teacher of ApoUonins Malacus and Apollonius Molon, 281 ; native of Alabanda, 299 Menecrates, pupil of Aristarchus, native of Nysa, 263 Menecrates of Elaea (see Dictionary in
author of On the Founding of on the Pelasgians, 157 Menippus Catocas, the Asiatic orator.
vol. v),
Cities,

Marcus Perpemas, made campaign against Aristonicus and captured

Lel^es, the, 17, 97, 117, 119, 121, 149, 151, 153, 199, 225, 301
Lesbians, the, 157

393

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

applauded by Cicero and native of Stratoniceia, 299 Monodorus. contemporary of Strabo scholar and priest, 257
Mesogis. Mt., 213, 255, 257 Methymna, 139, 141, 145

Parium
37

(i^ee

footnote 1 on p. 36).

Nestor the Academician, tu:her of Marcellus the nephew of Augustas, native of Tarsus and successor of

Metrodorus

of

Lampsacus, comrade

of

Epicurus, 37

Metrodorus of Scepsis, philosopher,

stat<>8man. and rhetorician, 113 Midas, origin of wealth of, 371 Miletus, founded by Neleus of Pylus, 199, 209, 211 Mllyas, destroyed by Alexander, 321 Mimnermus, says that C!olophon was

Athenodorus as ruler there, S5I Nestor, the Stoic, native of Tarsus, 847 Nicias, contemporary of Strabo, tyrant over the Coaiis, 289 Nicomedes the Bithynian, helped to overcome Ari8tonlcu8(lSl B.O.), 247

founded by Andraemon of Pylus. 199; on Colophon, 203; native of Colophon, 235 Minos the king, 301 Mithridates Eupator (the Great),
friend

to Metrodorus, 181 extended king, refuge at Ephesus, 229

;

113;
limits

the
of

Pamphylia. 311 Panaetius the philosopher, natira of lihodes, 279; rcput<?d to have been a pupil of Crates of Mallus, S55 Paris, tomb of, 65 Parrhasius the painter, natire of Ephesus, 231
Peiraeus, the, torn down by Sulla, 87ft Peisander the poet, author of the HeracJeia and native if Rhodes, S81 Pelasgians, the, 153, 165, 167, 301 Peraca of the Rhodians, the, 263, S65, 311

Mithridatos of Pergamura, friend of Julius Cat^sar, 1C9

Mitylen^ 141 MopsuR the prophet,

Calchas

victor over in led contest, 233; peoples over the Taums, 325. 353 ;

Pergamom,
Pericles,

library of. 111, 16S

near Magarsa, 355 Murcna, ended tyranny at Cihyra, 193 friend of Athenaeus the Peripatetic (contemporary of Strabo), and captured because of plot against Augustus, 335 Mylasa, 291. 293, 295, 299 Myrina, 159, 163 Myron (fl. about 430 B.C.), one of the greatest Greek sculptors. 213 Myrsilus, the historian, of Methymna, on the founders of Assus, 117 Myrsilus, tyrant of Mitylen^ 143 Mysia, 181 Myus, founded by Cydrdiu, 199, 211
of,
;

tomb

statesman and genal, subdued Samos (440 D,C.), 219 Phanias the Peripatetic, native of
Ere8us, 145

Pherccydes of I/cros (sec Dictionary in vol. v). on the Ionian seaboard, 107; on the contest between Calchas and Mopsus, 235 Philatacrus of Tleium, treasurer of Pergamum, 165 Philemon the comic poet, native of
Soli, 341

PhiletAs. the poet and critic, natiT of Cos, 289 Philip, ajithor of Thf Cariea, on tbs

N
Neleus, Socratic philosopher, pupil of
Aristotle and Theophrastus. and hefr to libraries of Aristotle and Theophrastus. Ill Neocles the schoolmaster, father of Epicurus, sent by Athenians to

Carian language, 303 Philotas of Thet)es, coloniser of PricnA, leader of Alexander's 199, 311; cavalry, 355 Phocaea, 6. 201 Phoenix, Mt,, 266 Phrygla, 23

Olympian Phrynon, Athenian general. 77

Pinanis

victor,

7ft;

Samoe, 319 Neoptolcmus the

glossographer

of

scene of River, the; struggle between Alexander Dareius, 356

ths

and

394

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Pindar, on the Pithecussae, 177; on Polymnastus the musician, 235; on the Hoineridae of Chios, 245; says that gold rained on Rhodes, 277 Pittacus of Mitylen6, one of the Seven Wise Men, 77; born at MitylenS, 141 one of the tyrants, 143 Pixodarus, third son of king Hecatomnos of Caria, 285 Plato, on the stages of civilisation, 47 ; teacher of Henneias the tyrant, 117 Plutiades the itinerant philosopher, native of Tarsus, 351 Plutonium, the, near Acharaca, 259; at Hierapolis, 187 Polemon, teacher of Zeno and Arcesilails, 131 Polycrates (hanged 622 B.C.), tyrant of Samoa, 217 Polymedium, 101, 139 Polymnastus, mentioned by Pindar as a famous musician and as a native of Colophon, 237 Pompey the Great, insulted by Aeschines the orator, 209 ; friend of Pythodorus, 257 wiped out iracy, 315; colonised Soli, 315; friend of Theophanes the historian, 143 Pompey, Marcus, the son of Theophanes of MitylenS, appointed Procurator of Asia by Augustus, 145 Poseidon, 81, 213 ; the Heliconian, 221 Poseidonius (see Dictionary in vol. i), on brick-making in Iberia, 133; statesman at Rhodes, 279 Potamon the rhetorician, native of Mitylen^, 143 Praiander the Laconian, founder of Lapathus, 377 Praxiphanes, native of Rhodes, 279 Praxiteles the great sculptor, works of in the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, 229 Priam, the sway of, 13, 17, 63, 81, 107, 369 PrienS, 199, 211 Procles, founder of Samos, 201 Proconnesus, Old and New, 33 Propontis, the, 3 5 Protarchus the Epicurean, native of Bargylia and teacher of Demetrius Lacon, 289 Protesiiaus, temple of, 61 Protogenes the painter; his IcUysus and his Scuyr at Rhodes, 269
; ;
|

Ptolemy, the last that reigned and uncle of rained by Cleopatra, Publius Claudius Pulcher, 385 Ptolemy Philadelphus, repaired Patara and called it Lycian ArsinoS, 317 Publius Crassus, made campaign against Aristonicus, 249 Publius Clmdius, rained Pulcher, Ptolemy the uncle of Cleopatra, 385 Pylaeus, commander of the Lesbians, 157 Pyrrha, 141, 145, 211 Pythodoris, queen of the Pontus, of the daughter Pythodorus " Asiarch," 257 " AsiPythodorus, native of Nysa, " arch at Tralleis, friend of Pompey, extremely wealthy, and father of Queen Pythodoris, 257

R
Rhodes, 29, 273, 275 Rhoeteium, 69, 67, 83, 85

Samos,

founded by Tembrion and Procles, 201, 213, 216 Sappho, on the promontory called Aega, 135 native of Mitylenfi, 143 ;
;

interpreted

by

Callias, 147

Sardeis, 171, 173, 177 Scamander River, the, 65, 67, 73, 85,

87
Scepsis, 86, 101, 105, 109 Scipio Aemilianus, sent by

Romans

to

inspect Cilicia, 329 Scopas the great sculptor, maker of image of Apollo, 95 maker of work containing statues of Leto and Ortygia (the nurse) with a child in each arm of the latter 223 Scylax of Caryanda (see Dictionary in vol. v), on the boundaries of the Troad, 8 born at Caryanda, 289 Seleuceia, 333, 335, 337 Seleuceia-in-Pieria, first Syrian city
;

after Cilicia, 357

Seleucus

machus and was

tary succession

Nicator, overthrew Lysislain by Ptolemy Ceraunus 165; incompetent herediof,

329

Servilius Isauricus, demolished Isaura

395

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

(76 B.C.), 316; captured Olympus, t he fortress of Zenicetus the pirate, 339 SestuB, 5, 41, 43 Sibylla the prophetess, native of

Brythrae, 241 Sigeium, 61, 67, 73, 76, 79, 85 Bigrium, promontory of Lesbos, 139, 141. 145 " " Simonides, the poet, on pordacian clothes, 147 Simus the pby8iclaii,natiye (A Ox, 289 Simus the melic poet, corrupter of the traditional style, 253 Bimmias the grammarian (fl. about 800 B.C.), native of Rhodes, 281 Sipylus, ruler of Magnesia, 159 Smyrna, 201, 203, 246 Soli (Pompelopolis), 316, 339, 356 Sohnissus, Mt., 223 Sophocles the tragic poet, on the Immunity of Antenor's home, 107; helped Pericles to subdue Samos, on the contest between 219; Oalchas and Mopsus, 235, 363 Sostratus, grammarian and teacher of Pompey the Great, 263 Stratoclcs the philosopher, native of Rhodes. 279 Stratonioeia. 297, 299 Stratonicus the citharist, on Assus, 116 ; on the paleness of the Caunians, 387 SoUa, overthrew Fimbria and came to agreement with Miihridates, 65, 69;
carried
off
;

Teos, founded at first by 199. 237 Teutbras. king of the Gilicians and Mysians. 136 Terpander the musical artist, 147 Thales, one of the Seven Wise Men, native of Miletus. 207 Thebe, 121, 129, 149, 323 Themistocles ; his wife, or daughter, a
priestess in temple of

DindymenA,

261 Theocritus the sophist, native at Chios. 243 Thcophancs the historian, of MitylenA, contemporary of Strabo, 143 Theopluiistus, teacher of Meieus, 111 ; native of Kressus, 146 Tlieopompus (see Dictionary in vol. i). on Seetus. 45 ; on &It. Mcsogis. 186 native of Chios, 243
;

Theopompus,
Strabo,
friend

contmporary
of

of

Julius

Oaeaar,

native of Cnidus, 283 Thrason. sculptor of chapel of Ileoai* and other works at the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, 229 Thucydidcs, on the seizure of Troy by the Athenianp. 79; on the term " barbarians." 301. 303 Thyateira, 171, 247
Til)orius. friend

to Marcos

Pompey,

145; restorer of Sardcis. 179 Tigranes the Armenian. 116 Timaeus the historian (see Dietionarf
vol. called falsifier by ii). Demetrius, 77; on the sise of the largest of the Oymnosian Isles. 277 Timosthcnes (see Dictionary in vol. iX on islands between Asia and Lesbos.

Rome. 113
276

Apellicon'a library to tore down tlio Peiracus,

in

Syloflon, brother

and assistant

of his

brother Polycratea the tyrant of Samot, 217 ; latr became tyrant of of Samos by gift of Dareius, 319 Syrians, the, 177

147 Traolus, Mt.. 173, 183

Tralleis. 255 Trebonius, one of the murderers of (3acar, slain by Dolabella at Smyms, 247 Trcres, the, 179. 261 TiDad, the, 8, 7, 21, 77 Trojan Plain, the, 66, 67 lYoJans, the. sway and dynasties at, 6, 19, 149 Troy, 7, 9, 16 Typhon the giant, 177, 188 the fOC grammarian, l^rranion possession of Apellicon's library sA Rome, lis

in Cypres, site of copper mines, S8S Tantalus, origin of wealth of, 369 Tarcondimotus, named by the Romans king of Mt. Amanos, 366 Tarsus. 343, 345, 347 Taurus. Mt.. the extremities of, 263 Telephus the king, 136 Tcmnus, birthplace of Hermagoras, aottor oimn Art of Rhetoric, 169

A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES

Xenophanes the natnral philosopher,
Valerius Placcus the consul, in mand against Mithridates, 65

com-

native of Colophon, 235 Xerxes, gave Lampsacus to" ThemiHeptastocles, 29 ; bridged the Btadium," 41; set fire to oracle of Apollo, 205 ; gave Myus, Magnesia, and Lampsacus to Themistocles, 211

Xanthus, largest city in Lycia, 317 Xanthiisthe Lydian, ancient tiistorian, 181, 183; on tlie Phrygians, 371, 373 conXenarchus the Peripatetic, temporary of Strabo and friend of native of Seleuceia, 335 Augustus, Xenocles the orator, compared by Cicero with Menippus Oatocas, 131, 299 Xenocrates the philosopher (396-314 B.C.), at the court of Hermeias the tyrant, 117 Xenophanes, tyrant of Olbfi and father of Aba, 343

Zeleia, 11, 19, 25 Zenicetus the pirate, burnt himself up with his whole house, 339 Zeno the Stoic (see Dictionary in vol. i), native of Citium, 115, 379 Zeus, 216, 277, 343 ; Atabyrius, 279 ; Carian, 293; Chrysaoreus, 297; Lambrandenns, 293; Osogo, 293; Stratius, 293 Zonas, one of the two Diodoruses, native of Sardeis and pleader of the cause of Asia, 181

397

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7 Vols. Vol. I. Augxtstine: City of God. McCracken. Vol. VI. W. 0. Greene. W. Watts (1631). St. Augustine, Confessions of. J. H. Baxter. St. Augustine, Select Letters. AusONlUS. H. G. Evelyn White. 2 Vols.

3 Vols.

Adling-

St.

G.

H.

2 Vols.

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Way.
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Hubbell.
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Cicero:

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H. Rackham.

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CicKBO: De Senectutb, Dk Amicitia, Db Divinationk. W. A. Falconer. Cicero In Catixinam, Pko Flacco, Pbo Murema. Pro Suixa. Louis E. Lord. Cicero: Letters to Atticus. E. O. Winstedt. 3 Vols. Cicero: Letters to His Friends. W. Olynn Williams. 3
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C. E. Bennett.

Satires, Epistles, Ars Poetioa. H. R. Fkirolou^. Selected Letters. F. A. Wright. and Persius. G. G. Ramsay. Livy. B. O. Foster, F. G. Moore, Evan T. Sago, and A. 0. 14 Vols. Schlesinger and R. M. Geer (General Index).

LUCAN. J. D. Duff. Lucretius. W. H. D. Rouse. Martial. W. C. A. Ker. 2 Vols. Minor Latin Poets: from Publilius Syrus to RuriLnw

Namatianus, including Grattttts, Calpurntus " Siculus, " Aetna and tb Nemksianus, Avianus, and others with " Phoenix." J. Wight Duff and Arnold M. Duff. Ovid: The Art of Love and Other Poems. J. H. Mozlejr.
2

Ovid: Fasti. Sir James G. Frazer. Ovxd: Heroidbs and Amores. Grant Showemian. Ovid Metamorphoses. F. J. Miller. 2 Vols. Ovid Tristia and Ex Ponto. A. L. Whooler. Cf. Juvenal. Persixjs. M. Heseltine; Seneca: Apocolocyntosis. Petronius. W. H. D. Pvouse. Plaittus. Paul Nixon. 5 Vols. Pliny: Letters. Melmoth's Translation revised by W. M. L. Hutchinson. 2 Vols. Pliny Natural History. H. Rackham and W. H. S. Jones. Vols. VI. and 10 Vols. Vols. I.-V. and IX. H. Rackham.
:

VII.

W. H.

S. Jones.

Propertius. H. E. Butler. Prudentius. H. J. Thomson.

QuiNTiLiAN.

H. E. Butler.

2 Vols. 4 Vols.

Remains

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Sallust. J. C. Rolfe. ScRiPTORES HiSTORiAE AuGUSTAB. D, Magie. 3 Vols. Seneca: Apocolocyntosis. Cf. Petronius. Seneca: Epistulab Morales. R. M. Gummere. 3 Vols. Seneca: Moral Essays. J. W. Basore. 3 Vols. Seneca: Tragedies. F. J. Miller. 2 Vols. SiDONius Poems and Letters. W. B. Anderson. 2 Vols. SiLius Italicus. J. D. Duff. 2 Vols. Statius. J. H. Mozley. 2 Vols. Suetonius. J. C. Rolfe. 2 Vols. Sir Wm. Peterson. Agricola and Tacitus: Dialogues. Germania. Mavu-ice Hutton. Tacitus Histories and Annals. C. H. Moore and J. Jackson. 4 Vols.
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Terence. John Sargeaunt. 2 Vols. Tertullian: Apologia and De Spectaculis. T. R. Glover. MiNUcius Felix. G. H. Rendall. Valerius Flaccus. J. H. Mozley. Varro De Lingua Latina. R. G. Kent. 2 Vols. Velleius Paterculus and Res Gestae Drvi Augusti. F. W.
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Shipley.

H. R. Fairclough. 2 Vols. Vitruvius De Architectura. F. Granger.

Virgil.
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Greek Authors
AoHiLLBS Tatius.
Vols.
S. Gasolee.

Aeuan: On thk Nature of Animals.

A. F. Soholfield.

Aeneas Tacticus, AscLEriODorus and Onasander. The Illinios Greek Club. Aeschines. C. D. Adams. Aeschylus. H. Weir Smyth. 2 Vols. A. R. Benner Alciphron. Aelian, Philostratus Letters. and F. H. Fobes. Andocides, Antiphon, Cf. Minor Attic Orators.
:

Apollodorus. Sir James G. Frazer. 2 Vols. Apollonius RnoDius. R. C. Seaton. The Apostolic Fathers. Kiraopp Lake. 2 Vols. Appian Roman History. Horace White. 4 VoU. Aratus. Cf. Callimachus. Aristophanes. 3 Vols. Benjamin Bickley Rogers.
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Aristotle: Art of Rhetoric. J. H. Freese. Aristotle: Athenian Constitution, Eudemian Ethics, Vices and Virtues. H. Rackhara. Aristotle: Generation of Animals. A. L. Peck. Aristotle: Metaphysics. H. Trodonnick. 2 Vols. Aristotle: Meterolooica. H. D. P. Lpe. Aristotle: Minor Works, W. S. Hf>tt. On Colours, On Things Heard. On Physiognomies, On Plnntfl, On Marvellous Things Heard, Mechanical Problems, On Indivisible Lines, On Situations and Names of Winds, On Melissus, Xenophanes. and Gorgias. Aristotle: Nicomachkan Ethics. H. Rackham. Aristotle: Oeconomica and Maona Moralia. G. C. Armstrong; (with Metaphysics, Vol.
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Aristotle: Aristotle:

On the Heavens. W. K. C. Guthrie. On the Soul. Pabva Naturalia. On Breath.

Oroanon Categories. On
Interpretation,

W.

S. Hott.

Aristotle:

Prior

Analytics. H. P. Cooke and H. Trodonnick. Aristotle: Oroanon Posterior Anniytios, Topics. H. Trodennick and E. S. Foster. Aristotle Oroanon On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming to be and Passmg Away, On the Cosmos. E. S. Forster and D. J. Furloy. Aristotle: Parts of Animals. A. L. Peck; Motion akd Progression of Animals. E. S. Forster.

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Rev. P. Wicksteed and F. M. Cornford.

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Robson.

2 Vols.
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Athenaeus
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Deipnosophistae. C. B. Gulick. 7 Vols. Letters. R. J. Deferrari. 4 Vols. Callimachus: Fbagments. C. a. Trypanis. CALLiMAcntrs, Hymns and Epigrams, and Lycophbon. A. W. Mair; Abatus. G. R. Mair. Clement of Alexandbia. Rev. G. W. Butterworth. COLLUTHUS. Cf. OppIAN. Daphnis and Chloe. Thornley's Translation revised by
S. Gaselee. J. M. Edmonds; and Pabthenitjs. Demosthenes I.: Olynthiacs, Philippics and Minob Obations. I.-XVII. and XX. J. H. Vince. Demosthenes II.: De Corona and De Falsa Legatione.

C. A.

Vince and

J.

H. Vince.

Demosthenes

Meidias, Androtion, Abistocbates, Timocbates and Abistogeiton, I. and II. J. H. Vince. Demosthenes IV .-VI.: Pbivate Obations and In Neaebam.
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Demosthenes VII. Funebal Speech, Ebotic Essay, Exobdia

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Vols. I.-VII.

Wilmer Cave Wright.

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Lycophbon.

Lyra Graeca.

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F. E.

Robbins.

Marcus Aurelius. Menander. F. G. Allinson. Minor Attic Orators (Antiphon, Andocides. LycuKotrs, Demades, Dinarchus, Hvpereidks). K. J. Maidment and
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Marcus.

Philostbatus
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The Lite op Apollonius or Tyana.

'J

F. C.

Vols.
;

Philostbatus: Imagines

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Descbiptions.

A.

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Bart.

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