UNIT 5

THE WORLD OF WORK

Mai and Nam are talking about their preparations for the world of work. Listen and
read.
Nam: Hi, Mai!
Mai: Hello, Nam. How are things?
Nam: Great, thanks. I found a job advertisement for the position of a waiter in a restaurant.
I'm writing my CV to apply for the job.
Mai: Can I see it?
Nam: You asked to see the job advertisement? Okay, here it is.
Mai: Oh, you are applying for this job? But you still go to school, Nam.
Nam: Yeah, it's just a part-time job, and I'll only work at the weekend. My father advised me
to get some work experience.
Mai: Well, my mum thinks working while still at school is a waste of time.
Nam: Really?
Mai: She told me to focus on my studies. She advised me and my brother not to look for jobs
until we have finished university. She also offered to do all the housework for us so that we
have more time to study.
Nam: I think your mother has her own reasons. I guess she wants you and your brother to
be well-prepared for your future jobs.
Mai: I think so, too. It's getting more and more difficult to get a good job nowadays.
Nam: Yes, employers usually look for qualifications and relevant experience. They also want
job applicants to be able to demonstrate their skills and qualities.
Mai: Sounds very challenging. How can we do that?
Nam: Before we apply for any jobs, we need prepare a good CV and a covering letter
carefully. They should include information about relevant qualifications, experience and
skills.
Mai: Yes, but will employers have time to each application carefully? So many people are
looking for jobs.
Nam: You're right. There are usually a lot of seekers applying for one position. Only a of
them are shortlisted for an interview.
Mai: The job interview is also very important, the best candidate is recruited. Sometimes
there are even two or three rounds interviews!
Nam: Yes, then new employees have to go through an initial period of probation when
employer will assess their performance provide some training. If everything goes they will be
confirmed as regular employees.
Mai: It seems like hard work getting a job, I think I should start learning how to pr my CV and
practising my interview skills.
Read the conversation again. Answer the questions about it.
1. What is Nam doing?

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2. Does Nam's father want him to work while school? Why?/Why not?
3. Does Mai's mother want her to work while school? Why?/Why not?
4. What information do job seekers need to include in their CVs and covering letters?
5. Why is the probation period important?
Complete the text with the correct form of the words from the box.
CV job seeker job interview covering
letter job advertisement
A (1) _________ is a person who is trying to find a job. He or she often looks for (2)
_________ – notices in newspapers or other mass media telling people about an opportunity
to get a job. If the job seeker is interested in the job and thinks that he is qualified for it, he
will prepare a written record of his education and the jobs he has done, which is known as a
(3) _________ or curriculum vitae in its full form. He also needs to send a letter containing
extra information which is called a (4) _________. If his application is impressive enough, he
can be called for a (5) _________, which is a meeting in which interviewers ask the job
seeker questions to see whether he would be the right person for that job.
Complete the sentences using the reporting verbs from the conversation.
1. Mai ___________ to see the job advertisement.
2. My father ___________ me to get some work experience.
3. She ___________ me to focus on my studies.
4. She ___________ me and my brother not to look for jobs until we have finished university.
5. She also ___________ to do all the housework for us so that we have more time to study.
The words in the left column are from the conversation in GETTING STARTED. Match
them with the appropriate definitions in the right column.

Complete the text with the correct form of the words in 1.

Applying for a job is a process of several stages. First, when a new job is advertised,
people (1) _______ by sending their CVs and covering letters. All these CVs and covering
letters are then screened, and only the (2) _______ applicants with suitable experience
and (3) _______ are shortlisted and invited for a job interview. If the candidates can perform
well and impress the interviewers during the interview, they can be (4) _______. Next, the
new recruits often go through a (5) _______ period that may last from several months to a
year, depending on the policy of the company or organisation.

30
Read the job advertisement.

APPRENTICE ADMINISTRATOR IN A CAR DEALERSHIP

A successful car dealership specialising in second-hand cars is looking for an
apprentice administrator to provide administrative support for the team. This would be a
fantastic opportunity for someone looking for an entry-level position in administration as no
experience is required. The ideal candidate should also be able to work on Saturdays.
Main responsibilities
- Answering telephone calls and responding to emails
- Meeting and greeting customers
- Filing and entering data
- Typing reports and creating spreadsheets
- Taking minutes at meetings
- Arranging meetings
Requirements
- 18 years of age or older
- Finished school with a National Certificate of Secondary Education
- Excellent time-management skills
- Good communication skills
- Well-spoken and articulate
- Responsible and self-motivated
- Flexible and eager to learn
- Friendly and approachable
- Well-organised
- Able to work to deadlines and prioritise tasks
The successful candidate will be offered:
- competitive salary
- ongoing training
- 12 days of annual leave
- long-term job prospects in the company after six-month apprenticeship
To apply for this position, send your CV and a covering letter to [email protected].
For further information, please phone Ms Kim Thanh at 0123975648.
Please note that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.
Match the highlighted words in the advertisement with the following meanings. Write
the words in the space provided.
1. a person whose job is to manage and organise the public or business affairs of a
company or an institution ______
2. becoming an expert in a particular area of work or business ______
3. put tasks or problems in order of importance so that you can deal with the most important
first ______

31
4. selected for final consideration ______
5. friendly and easy to understand and to talk to ______

LISTENING
Match the words with their meanings

Mr. Le, an invited speaker, is talking to grade 12 students about how to write a good
CV. Listen and complete each of the sentences with no more than three words.
1. Your CV is one of the most important requirements for getting _________.
2. If your CV looks _________ and confusing, the personnel manager is going to think that
you will be a cluttered and confused employee.
3. Many companies nowadays use _________ to scan CVs for important key words.
4. Every job you apply for is going to have a unique _________.
5. You should have a different and unique CV for you apply for _________.

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UNIT 6
ATIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
I. GETTING STARTED
Nam: Did you see the film A.I. on cable TV?
Mai: No, I didn't. What does A.I. mean?
Nam: Artificial Intelligence.
Mai: What's the film about?
Nam: It's a science-fiction film about a robotic child who has human emotions.
Mai: Sounds unbelievable!
Nam: Yeah! The Swintons' only son, Martin, has got a life-threatening disease and waits for
a cure to be found. Meanwhile, Monica, his mother agrees to activate David, a robotic boy
capable of human emotions. Things appearto be going well with the Swintons.
Mai: So, what happens then?
Nam: Well, Martin is completely cured and healthy again. He often gets David into trouble
with other people. They start thinking that David dangerous to humans.
Mai: That's terrible!
Nam: Yes, Monica is worried that they are going to get the robotic boy destroyed. So she has
someone take him to a faraway forest and leave him there.
Mai: Poor David!
Nam: Yeah. David thinks Monica doesn't love him any more because he isn't a ‘real boy’ like
Martin. So he goes searching for the Blue Fairy to help him to become a real boy.
Mai: Does he find her?
Nam: Well, his dangerous and incredible journey in search of the Blue Fairy is in vain.
Mai: Do you mean David cannot find the Blue Fairy?
Nam: No, he cannot. But after two thousand years, when humans do not exist any more,
David is found and resurrected by future A.I.
Mai: Really? Incredible!
Nam: Well, thanks to the advanced science and technology, David is reunited with Monica.
Mai: A happy ending, right?
Nam: Yes. But they can only spend one happy day together as a real mother and a real son.
Mai: Why only one day?
Nam: I don't know... In the last scene, they both fall asleep... Well, you should watch the
film. There are a lot more thrilling events to see.
Answer the following questions.
1. Why do you think Monica agrees to activate the robotic boy?
2. Why does David look for the Blue Fairy?
3. What is David's journey like?
4. What happens to humans after two thousand years in the film?
Work in pairs. Find a word or phrase in conversation that means the following.

33
Match the words (1-5) with their meanings (a-e).

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in 1.
1. Her __________ was so strong that it brought tears to her eyes.
2. Deep Blue is a chess-playing computer developed by IBM that was __________ of
defeating the world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.
3. After two thousand years, the deceased Monica was __________ by the future artificial
intelligence.
4. This programme is used to __________ the new generation robots.
5. Many viewers like the Star Treck films which have lots of __________ space travels.
The active and passive causatives
Rewrite the sentences, using have + object + bare infinitive.
1. The A.I. expert wanted his assistant to activate the newly made robot.
2. The computer corporation wanted their workers to eliminate malfunctioning products.
3. The robot manufacturer wanted his customers to exchange their outdated robots for the
next generation robots.
4. The company wanted someone to clear out all the junk in the store.
5. The manager wanted the workers to move the machine to a new station.
6. The owner of the palace wanted a construction company to remodel his estate.
Read the following text about some A.I. applications and circle the correct answers.
There may be more than one correct answer to some questions.
A.I. or artificial intelligence is the intelligence displayed by machines or software.
Many industries today use highly automated vehicles that can drive with almost no human
intervention. Smart robots have replaced humans in stressful and dangerous jobs, and in
assembly lines doing tasks such as packing and lifting heavy things.

34
In science and medicine, A.I. techniques help medical doctors to discover subtle interactions
between medications that put patients at risk because of their serious side effects. Patients
at highest risk of complications are also detected based on these techniques.
In navigation, devices using the GPS (Global Positioning System) help drivers or pilots to
find the best routes to their destination by avoiding obstacles, traffic jams, and accidents.
In military, A.I. robots are used to explore dangerous environments containing explosives or
contaminated by nuclear weapons.
In communication, the voice recognition systems in smartphones or other electronic devices
can identify our speech, and are getting better at understanding our intentions. A.I.
algorithms can also help to detect faces and other features in photos sent to social
networking sites and automatically organise them. Internet search engines such as Google
and Bing provide hundreds of millions of people with search results related to weather, traffic
predictions, book recommendations, educational institutions, music, films, and games. A.I.
applications on the Internet can translate web pages in real time, and even help users to
learn new languages.
Many A.I. experts believe that A.I. technology will soon make even greater advances in many
other areas. Modern robots will be more intelligent and replace humans in many dangerous
jobs and environments. This will certainly improve our lives in the near future.
1. What types of A.I. technology can be seen in today industries?
A. Human-like robots. B. Automated cars.
C. Machines controlled by humanoids. D. Packing and lifting machines.
2. Which of these A.I. applications in medicine is mentioned in the text?
A. Operating on patients at highest risk of complications.
B. Helping to treat unhealthy organs.
C. Finding out about the serious side effects of some medications.
D. Discovering how medications interact within human body.
3. How can the GPS help you?
A. Recommend your destination. B. Show you the fastest way to your destination.
C. Show you how to get out of traffic jams. D. Drive the car automatically.
4. What is the function of voice recognition?
A. Identifying human voices. B. Copying human commands.
C. Recording human voices. D. Translating human commands.
5. How can Internet users understand foreign language texts?
A. They can learn the language on the Internet.
B. They can guess the meaning using search engines.
C. They can get information about them on the Internet.
D. They can use a translating application.
6. What will A.I. robots in the near future be capable of having according to many A.I.
experts?
A. Human-like emotions. B. Healthy lifestyles.

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C. Dangerous behaviour. D. Higher levels of intelligence.
LISTENING
Listen to a conversation between Linh and Nam. Circle the correct letters to complete
the sentences.
1. Linh and Nam are talking about a ______________.
A. science project B. science-fiction film C. science-fiction scientist
2. Linh has already seen ______________.
A. Skynet B. The Terminator C. A.I.
3. The first film that Nam recommends is rated ______________.
A. 10/20 B. 8/9 C. 9/10
4. Skynet evolves from ______________.
A. the Terminator B. the Internet C. Sara Connor
5. Sarah Connor's __________________ saves the world from destruction.
A. best friend B. future son C. A.I. robot
Match each word in column A with its meaning in column B.

36
Listen to the conversation between Nam and Mai. Decide whether the following
statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG). Tick the correct box.

Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words from the box.
Life-threatening reduce exterminate
futurist operating leading malfunction
1. After the power cuts last night, the machine started to _________.
2. A lot of _________ think that A.I. robots will be harmful to humans.
3. This _________ disease caused a lot of complications during the treatment procedure.
4. Do you really think that humans will be _________ when the machines rise against them
in the future?
5. It costs a lot of money to upgrade the _________ system and the workers' skills in this car
plant.
6. In order to _________ the cost of production, the manufacturers have used robots for
repetitive work.
7. He is one of the _________ A.I. scientists in the world.
Circle the correct answers.
1. Instead of buying a new computer, why don't you have your old one _______________?
A. to fix B. fixing C. fixed D. fixes
2. The owners of modern manufacturing plants had workers doing heavy and repetitive tasks
_______________ by robots.
A. to replace B. replacing C. replaced D. being replaced
3. NASA has had an autonomous spaceship ______________ the universe recently.
A. to explore B. explored C. exploring D. explore

37
4. We had the computer technician ____________________ the new software for us.
A. to install B. installing C. installed D. install
5. My mother always has the dishwashing machine _______________ the washing-up after
meals.
A. do B. doing C. did D. to do
6. The newspaper editor-in-chief had a newswoman _______________ about the latest
domestic robots.
A. to write B. writing C. wrote D. write
7. The teacher had his students ___________________ their laptops to surf the Net for
resources in his class.
A. using B. to use C. use D. used

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UNIT 7
THE MASS MEDIA
I. GETTING STARTED
Nam and Lan are talking about the use of mobile devices and the Internet. Listen and
read.
Lan: Nam, just look around. All the people I see on their smartphones or tablet PCs.
Nam: Yeah. Maybe they are chatting, sends messages or searching for news. I don't see
many people reading print newspapers.
Lan: Remember Minh? He said his dad had reduce the number of subscribed print
newspaper and magazines.
Nam: I'm not surprised! Everyone in his hoi can now read the news on their digital devices
Lan: Did you mean Minh's grandpa can read online newspapers?
Nam: Yeah. He had already started using the computers in the local library to access the
Internet when Minh's dad bought him a tablet PC four months ago.
Lan: That's interesting! Great to see that more and more older people are beginning to use
new technologies.
Nam: Well, my grandparents and most of their friends still read print newspapers, listen to
the radio, watch TV or DVDs. I think they may find it challenging to learn how to use the Net.
Lan: I agree, but they can always find someone to walk them through the process. I think the
problem is that many older people may not understand the benefits of online information.
Nam: Yes, but once they start using the Internet they can also connect with friends and
family members any time.
Lan: That's right. The benefits are enormous! I'd be lost without my social networking sites. It
would be impossible for me to do my school projects without the Internet.
Nam: Personally, I think you are addicted to social media and rely too much on the Internet.
You can still use other media such as print newspapers, magazines and books, or radio and
television for different purposes.
Answer the following questions.
1. What are the people around Nam and Lan doing?
2. Why did Minh's father subscribe to fewer newspapers and magazines?
3. How had Minh's grandpa accessed the lnternet before he was given a tablet PC?
4. What is the reason that older people don't want to use the Internet according to Lan?
5. What does Nam think of Lan's use of social media and the Internet?
Match the words/phrases in the box with the definitions.

a. the mass media 1. the use of websites and applications to connect with people
b. addicted who share similar interests
c. efficient 2. the main means of communication reaching people on a large
scale, such as television, radio, movies, newspapers, etc.
d. social networking
3. a type of real-time online chat
e. cyber bullying

39
 f. instant messaging
4. the use of electronic communication to hurt, threaten or
embarrass someone
5. doing something well with no waste of time, money, or energy
6. unable to stop doing something because you like it very much

Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in 1.

1. Most people rely heavily on _________ as their main source of information.
2. Millions of teenagers around the world are _________ to computer and video games.
3. Teenagers can become addicted to _________ if they can't control the time they spend
online.
4. Online advertising is more _________ than TV ads because of the huge number of
Internet users.
5. Young people like _________ because of its speed, convenience and privacy.
6. Many Internet users delete their social accounts because of _________.
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tenses. Make changes if necessary.
1. Alexander Graham Bell (invent) ___________ the telephone when Thomas Edison
(complete) ___________ his second model of the phonograph in 1887.
2. National Geographic, one of the most influential magazines, (appear) ___________ in
1899, which (help) ___________ to increase readers' cultural awareness and understanding
through high-quality photo essays.
3. The lung cancer mortality rate (rise) ___________ six-fold in males when mass media
(start) ___________ covering the health risks of smoking.
4. Linda only (understand) ___________ the film after she (read) ___________ the book.
5. A: you ever (appear) ___________ on TV before you (take part) ___________ in this
reality show?
B: Yes, I (have) ___________.
6. I can't believe I (get) ___________ the position of a TV announcer. I (submit)
___________ my application two months ago, but I did not think I had a chance getting it.
When I (show) ___________ up at the interview, there were at least fifteen people who
(arrive) ___________ before me.
7. All job applicants (finish, already) ___________ their interviews and (leave) ___________
when I (arrive) ___________.
SKILL: READING
Quickly read the text and choose the best heading.
a. The history of print media
b. Forms of mass media
c. The advent of the Digital Media Age
d. Means of mobile communication

40
The mass media are means of communication, such as books, newspapers, recordings,
radio, movies, television, mobile phones and the Internet, that can reach a large audience.
Although the first printed books had appeared long before in China, the term “mass media”
we use today was coined with the creation of print media, which started in Europe in the
Middle Ages. This is also considered the first example of mass media due to the large
number of readers then.
Since the mid-twentieth century, new technologies have been developed, which helped to
diversify mass media and make them an inseparable part of our lives. The role of the mass
media is not only to entertain and amuse the masses. Its most important role is to provide
information and news about events in different parts of the world as they occur. Educating
people about their rights and responsibilities is another function of mass media.
Until recently, mass media forms were classified into six categories according to the
sequence of their advent: print, recordings, cinema, radio, television and the Internet. Each
form has its own characteristic content types, creative artists and business models. In the
early 21st century, with the explosion of mobile communication technology, the mobile phone
has emerged as a new and unique media channel. Video and computer games have also
developed into a mass media form.
The Internet and mobile communication is now the most popular means of receiving
information and interacting with people through email, instant messaging, apps, search
engines, blogs. social networks and other services. Most print and broadcast media have a
presence on the web by having video adverts or Quick Response Codes (QR Codes) that
link to specific websites.
Each form of mass media has had an important impact on society, for example, books have
helped people to educate themselves while newspapers have recorded daily events.
Magazines were the first visual medium before the advent of television, which together with
radio, brought entertainment and news programmes into people's homes. However, all these
media had to change and adapt to the advent of the Internet and Digital Media Age. New
digital media forms are more personal and social as they allow people to connect with each
other, collaborate and share information and personalise their experiences.
Match each of the following words with its meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary.

a. audience (n) 1. the ordinary people in society who are not leaders or
b. broadcast (v) who are considered to be not very well educated

c. advert (n) 2. a notice, picture or film telling people about a product,

job or service
d. the masses
3. the time when something first begins to be widely used
e. emerge (v)
4. send out programmes on TV or radio
f. advent (n)
5. the people who watch or listen to a particular
programme (a play, concert, talk, etc.)
6. appear; begin to be known or noticed

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LISTENING

1. Listen to a conversation between Nam and Mai about learning English with video.
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Listen and fill in the blanks

Mai: What do you think of the video clips we watched in our English classes?
Nam: I like them because they are interesting. The language is _______ and they helped me
to improve my English... How about you?
Mai: Well, I think some videos were interesting and helped me to learn things like new
expressions, but most of them were just entertaining and _____________.
Nam: Which ones?
Mai: You know, many of us had already watched the series about Mr Bean and The IT
Crowd before we saw them in class. I think it was a waste of time to watch them again.
Nam: I had also seen most of the ___________, but I still liked watching them in class with
no _____________. And I enjoyed discussing the ideas with my classmates.
Mai: Well, I didn't have much to say... These series are very popular and repeated frequently
on many __________ TV channels. You can also see them on many social media websites
for free. I think our English teacher should choose less ________ films or TV series.
Nam: You might be right. My brother's teacher asks her students to ‘vote’ for the videos they
want to watch, and sometimes even lets them bring in DVDs related to the themes of the
lessons.
Mai: Sounds like a great idea!
Nam: Yes, but I still think that our teacher should choose the __________. Not all videos are
suitable to watch in class.
Read about how three students use social media. Complete the sentences with the
words from the box.
updates interactive app record connect GPS
audio

42
Student A: I can now talk with my friends and relatives using a free video chat (1) _________
on my favorite social media. I can also (2) _________my own videos and send them to other
people. I can even use a(n) (3) _________ app to find my way around in a new place.

Student B: I got an A on my English test last week. I'm so proud because I worked so hard. I
joined a(n) (4) _________ online course taught by an experienced tutor. I also became a
member of an online language community where I was able to (5) _________ with native
speakers, ask questions and practise speaking via (6) _________ and video chat.
Student C: I've been using different social media sites for a year and they have really
changed my life. I can connect with people I know and make new friends any time. I can also
post (7) _________ on my projects and start an open discussion with my classmates.
Listen to a conversation between two students talking about language learning
applications. Which of the following did they not talk about?
1. Lan's English test results
2. Nam's birthday
3. Language-learning courses
4. Playing online games
5. Chatting online with native speakers
6. Writing a blog
Listen again and fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
1. Lan created an account with her ________ to start learning.
2. Lan uses language games to improve her English and compete with other ________.
3. Some social networking sites connect users with ________ speakers for practice.
4. Lan used the recording feature on her smartphone to collect samples from English
________ and radio.
5. Lan uploaded vocabulary and grammar flashcards on her ________ media sites.
Read the following text and give short answers to the questions.
The advancement of technology has enabled the Internet users to access various social
networking apps. Most of these apps are designed to help people to keep in contact with
their friends and share information. They are easy to download, install and update. Free
apps have only basic services, but the paid ones have more advanced options.

Most social networking sites and apps offer users communication, entertainment and
security. You can chat with and send messages to your friends and followers using live
messenger and mail functions.
You can listen to music or watch videos on video-sharing apps, which also allow you to
create your own video clips and share them with friends and family. For people who like
playing games, there is a wide selection of
game apps in all genres for all ages. The most popular ones are action and adventure
games followed by puzzles and board games.

43
Mobile security apps are designed to protect and secure smartphone and tablet devices, in
cases of theft or loss of data. Additional features include virus detection and removal, and
scanning websites for phishing scams.
Most apps are fun and people use them all the time - to chat with friends, play games, get
directions, check the weather forecast, read news and books, and a lot more. However,
before you decide whether to download an app, you need to go through its functions very
carefully and read the user reviews.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
advent social media microblogging mass
media social networking app
1. Businesses can reach a wider audience using ___________.
2. One of the most popular ways to meet people is online ___________.
3. The missing jet planes received heavy coverage in the ___________– TV, newspapers,
radio and the Internet.
4. A/An ___________ is a piece of software, which can run on the Internet, on your
computer, on your phone or other electronic device.
5. The ___________ of DVDs has made watching films very convenient.
6. ___________ is writing brief entries about the daily activities of an individual or company.
Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition.
1. Now we rely heavily _______ computers to organise our work.
2. Last week we carried ______ a survey on social networking.
3. Listen _____ him and follow his instructions.
4. They are searching _____ the source of the leak.
5. What do you think ______ advertising our products on social media?
6. Take the recording equipment ______ you in case you need to record something.
Put the words in brackets in the past simple or past perfect tense.
1. I ___________ (have) an email account for ten years before it was hacked.
2. Last week we ___________ (attend) a presentation on the advantages and
disadvantages of social networking.
3. Jack ___________ (delete) his blog after he ___________ (receive) many negative
coments.
4. Since I ___________ (get) a smartphone for my birthday, I ___________ (stop) using my
brother's laptop to surf the Net.
5. My parents ___________ (waste) a lot of their time writing letters before they
___________ (start) using social media to connect with their relatives two months ago.
6. I ___________ (edit) all my videos from my holiday before I ___________ (upload) them
to my blog.

UNIT 8

44
ENDANGERED SPECIES
I. GETTING STARTED
A new life park
Mr. Willis: Lisa, Simon, I've just heard some good news.
Simon: What's it about, Dad?
Mr. Willis: It was announced on TV that a new wildlife park will open to the public next week.
Would you like to visit it?
Lisa: Sure. Will there be any dinosaurs there, Dad?
Simon: They're extinct species. Lisa. The last dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
Mr. Willis: That's right. You can't find extinct animals there.
Lisa: So what can we see in the wildlife park then?
Mr. Willis: Animals in danger of extinction like tigers and rhinoceros.
Simon: Will there be any endangered trees and plants? I have a biology assignment about
endangered plant species.
Mr. Willis: I'm afraid not. But a friend of mine. Tracy, might be able to help you.
Simon: Tracy? Yes, I remember her. She's a biologist. Where's she working?
Mr. Willis: At the Botanical Gardens. You can find lots of interesting facts there.
Simon: Sounds good. Thanks, Dad. So let's visit the wildlife park next Saturday morning,
and then go to the Botanical Gardens in the afternoon on the way back home. Hopefully, I'll
have gathered enough information by Sunday, so | can start working on my assignment next
week.
Lisa: It'll be so tiring! We'll have walked for hours by the time we get to the Botanical
Gardens.
Mr. Willis: Don't worry. We'll drive through the park.
Lisa: Oh really? That'll be fun. Are we allowed to have a picnic or build a campfire there,
Dad?
Mr. Willis: No, I'm afraid not. That may scare the animals and pollute the air. The more noise
and smoke you make, the less safe the environment becomes for the animals.
Lisa: I see ... Can I ask some friends to join us?
Mr. Willis: Sure. The more the merrier.
Decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG).
1. Visitors will be able to see endangered animals in the new wildlife park next week.
2. Models of extinct animals will also be on display in the park.
3. Lisa wants to see dinosaurs, but Simon doesn't.
4. Simon is interested in endangered trees and plants.
5. Simon suggests visiting both the wildlife park and the Botanical Gardens at the weekend.

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6. Visitors can go camping in the wildlife park.

Complete the following sentences with the words in the box.

survival (n) vulnerable (adj) extinct (adj) endangered
(adj) conservation (n) habitat (n) evolution
(n) biodiversity (n)
1. Darwin's theory of _________ has helped to explain the disappearance of some species
and the _________ of others.
2. The saola and the rhino are considered _________ species in Viet Nam.
3. The giant panda's natural _________ is the bamboo forest. Giant pandas like to eat
bamboo leaves.
4. Baby sea turtles are most _________ when they leave their nests and make their way to
the sea. They are convenient targets for birds and other animals.
5. Mammoths and dinosaurs used to live on our earth quite a long time ago, but they are
now _________.
6. _________ helps to maintain the balance of nature that we rely on for our well-being and
benefit.
7. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an organisation which is working on issues
related to _________, research and restoration of the environment.
Circle the correct verb form in each sentence.
1. Our rescue centre (has released/will have released) 150 monkeys, deer and bears back
into the forests by the end of this week.
2. You may not believe this, but this sea turtle is quite old. It (has lived/will have lived) in
this marine park for 40 years. We (will have/will have had) a party to celebrate its birthday
tomorrow.
3. Well, next time I see you, I expect you (will be finishing/will have finished) your report
on the endangered saola.
4. If you come to see me at 7 o'clock tonight, I (will be watching/will have watched) a
documentary about rhinos to prepare for my presentation tomorrow. So, you'd better come
after 8. By then the programme (finishes/will have finished).
5. Jill is sick and can't work on her assignment about the blue whale's habitat. So she
(hasn't completed /won't have completed) it by Monday. She needs to ask for an
extension of the deadline.
Complete the sentences, using the present perfect or the future perfect.
1. By next summer, our rescue team (save and take in) __________ hundreds of
endangered animals.
2. Look at this cute little bear. It (live) __________ in the wildlife park for six months, and it'll
be released back into the wild next month.
3. If you come to the conference on wildlife protection after 10 a.m., the most interesting
presentation (finish) __________.
4. By the end of today, Kim (visit) __________ all of the animal rescue centres in the city.

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5. I'll start writing my essay on protection of endangered species as soon as I (collect)
__________ enough information.
Complete the sentences with the words from the box. One word can be used more
than once.
faster more better greater warmer higher
1. The __________ the pollution becomes, the __________ animals lose their natural
habitats.
2. The __________ I study about endangered species, the __________ I worry about their
protection.
3. The __________ the weather gets around the world, the __________ the polar ice caps
will melt.
4. The __________ effort you make, the __________ the achievements you may get.
5. The __________ renewable energy sources we use, the __________ our living conditions
will become.
SKILL
Below are three people's opinions posted on the fantasticwildlife.org website. Read
the text and decide what they are talking about.
A. Why endangered animals should be protected
B. How to protect endangered species
C. Whether or not we should protect endangered species
SIMON (Scotland)
Let's just put ourselves in endangered animals' shoes. How would we feel if the animals
ruled the world and we became the ones in danger of extinction? We are living creatures
and so are the animals. We can no longer attribute the rapid extinction of species to natural
causes such as earthquakes or drought. Today many plants and animals are becoming
endangered or extinct because of habitat destruction, over-harvesting and poaching. It's our
duty to start repairing the damage we've caused to nature.
YOSHIKO (JAPAN)
If we continue to save endangered animals, then we stop animals from replacing other
animals. Extinction is just a part of the evolutionary process and we must not interfere with it.
Hence, trying to save species that cannot survive in their environment is rather silly, because
it's against the laws of nature. So, let mother nature do her job. What's more, not all animals
are friendly or harmless. Elephants and tigers are two examples of animals that are
dangerous. People living near some nature reserves have to face constant threats to their
livestock and crops. Then should we protect these animals at the expense of local people's
lives?
AI LIEN (Viet Nam)
Animal and plant extinction can ruin the ecosystem and reduce biodiversity. All creatures are
part of an ecosystem. They all help humans in some way. For example, over 50% of the
medicines currently in use are derived from natural products made from animals or plants.
By losing biodiversity, we are losing the chance to discover new medicines that could save

47
the lives of millions of people each year. What's more, nature is beautiful, and that's the best
reason to preserve it. Walking in a rainforest or going scuba-diving over a coral reef helps us
to relax and feel at peace.
Whose opinions are these? Write the correct name in the space before each
statement.
1. _______ There are two reasons why we should protect endangered species.
2. _______ There are two reasons why we shouldn't protect endangered species.
3. _______ Humans should be held responsible for endangering species or driving them to
extinction.
4. _______ Saving species in danger of extinction means going against the laws of nature.
5. _______ Humans and animals should get an equal chance of being protected from
danger.
6. _______ Preserving animal and plant species helps to maintain biodiversity.
Find the prepositions in the reading text to complete these phrases and expressions.
Use a dictionary to find their meanings.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Increasing trade in ivory products is a threat to the (survive) _________ of elephants.
2. I don't think bringing (extinction) _________ species back to life is a good idea. That's
going against the laws of nature.
3. Plants and trees can be (danger) _________ like animals. The lady slipper orchid is an
example.
4. Dinosaurs and mammoths are classified as EX, meaning extinct, on the (conserve)
_________ status scale.
5. If (poach) _________ continues at current rates, elephants, rhinos and other African
wildlife may be gone within our lifetime.
6. Darwin's theory of (evolve) _________ explains that the strongest species can survive
because they have the ability to adapt to the new environment better than others.
LISTENING

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Listen to the first part of a talk given by Peter Shawl, a conservation biologist, and
check your answers in 1.

VU (Vulnerable)
CR (Critically endangered)
EN (Endangered)
Listen to the second part of the talk and choose the best option to complete the
statements or answer the questions.
1. According to Peter Shawl, wildlife becomes endangered because
____________________.
A. the population of some species grow too fast
B. natural habitats are destroyed by humans
C. the stronger animals kill the weaker
2. Animals’ habitats become polluted when humans ____________________.
A. cut down forest trees B. build more houses
C. use chemicals in agriculture
3. When tigers are hunted and killed, which of their parts are collected and used?
A. Their bones. B. Their fur.
C. Their teeth.
4. Which of the following uses of elephant tusks is mentioned in the talk?
A. Making false teeth. B. Producing traditional medicine to treat diseases.
C. Making valuable items.
Listen to the second part again. Complete the summary of the talk, writing one word
in each blank.
In the second part, Shawl discusses the two main (1) _________ to wildlife. The first is loss
of (2) _________, and the second is hunting and (3) _________. These dangers are caused
by (4) _________ activities, so we need to take action to protect and (5) _________ wildlife.
UNIT 9
CHOOSING A CAREER

49
Mai and Jim are talking about their options after finishing secondary school. Listen
and read.
Options for school leavers
Mai: Hi, Jim. How're things? You look very busy!
Jim: Oh, I'm surfing the net. I'm trying to find out what options are available for school
leavers.
Mai: So what do you want to do after you finish secondary school?
Jim: Hmm.... I don't know, so I'm searching for websites offering career advice so that I can
come up with a plan.
Mai: Do you plan to go straight to university or join the workforce without pursuing further
study?
Jim: Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary
job in the summer.
Mai: What kind of job are you looking for?
Jim: I'm looking for work in marketing companies. I'd love to do smartphone marketing.
Mai: I see. You want to gain work experience, and save up some money for university.
Jim: Exactly. I've secured a university place to study economics. And how about you? What
kind of career are you looking for, Mai?
Mai: Well, I'd love to work in a hospital. I want to become a doctor.
Jim: Then you'll have to study medicine.
Mai: Right. And I want to go to a medical university in the UK. You know, I took the IELTS
two weeks ago, and I'm looking forward to the exam results from The English Language
Centre at the British Council.
Jim: Great! Have you been in touch with The English Language Centre?
Mai: Yes, I have. They said they would send me the results next week. If I get a band score
of 6.5, I'll apply for a scholarship and study in the UK.
Jim: Good luck! And remember to practise your English more often.
Mai: Thanks a lot. I'll try my best to. I want to speak English as fluently as you.
Jim: I hope that your dreams come true.
Mai: Thank you very much, Jim.
Answer the questions.
1. What kind of information is Jim searching for on the Internet?
2. What kind of job does he want to apply for in the summer?
3. What is Mai’s dream job?
4. Who has she been in contact with for the results of her IELTS exams?
5. What will she do if she gets a band score of 6.5?

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Match the words and phrases in the conversation with their definitions.

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words or phrases from 3 in
GETTING STARTED.
1. You can search for _________ on some websites.
2. She has just begun a _________ in teaching.
3. Some students in my class want to join the _________ after leaving school.
4. University is not the only _________ for school leavers to pursue further study.
5. You may want to consider _________ work until you decide what you want to do.
6. He has finished his A levels and _________ a place for himself at a law school.
Match the phrasal verbs in A with their meanings in B.

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Complete each sentence using the correct form of a phrasal verb in 1. You don't need
to use all the verbs.
1. I hope none of my friends __________ school this term.
2. John often __________ us without warning.
3. The government is trying not to __________ the money they are spending on vocational
training.
4. David doesn't __________ his wife. They're always arguing.
5. Linda was about to take a part-time job, but she decided to __________ her studies.
6. Hoa is a brilliant student. It's difficult to __________ her if you don't try very hard.
7. I usually __________ my childhood with great pleasure.
8. The trainee __________ his trainer and was kicked out of the group.
Combine each pair of simple sentences into one complex sentence containing an
adverbial clause. Use the words provided and make any necessary changes.
1. Don't be late for work. You may lose your job. (if)
____________________________________________________________
2. Factory workers work hard. Secondary school students also work hard. (as... as)
____________________________________________________________
3. Linda was offered a very good job. Linda didn't hesitate to accept it. (such ... that)
____________________________________________________________
4. You must tell me everything. Otherwise, I will not be able to help you. (if)
____________________________________________________________
5. The lab instructor had told us the right way to mix the chemicals. We mixed the chemicals
the same way. (exactly as)
____________________________________________________________
SKILLs
Read some career advice for secondary school leavers. Choose the appropriate
heading for each paragraph.
a. For those going to university
b. For those who have no plans
c. For those going to be apprentices
d. For those about to start a job
In the UK, there are some websites that provide school students with practical advice about
leaving school and taking the next step in their careers. The following are some examples:
1.____________________
If students are about to start a job, career advisers have useful information that may help
them make the transition into the working world smoother. They should get used to taking
responsibility if something goes wrong in their job. By taking responsibility, they will have the
opportunity to learn how to put things right and they can avoid making the same mistakes in
the future.
2. _________________
In general, apprentices are assigned to a senior member of staff to spend some time
shadowing them and getting to grips with the basics of the job. If apprentices are given the
opportunity to get involved early on, they should take it, as this will help them learn faster
and improve their confidence. The best thing for apprentices is that they have the

52
opportunity to earn while they learn, and most apprentices are required to attend college for
part of the time.
3. _________________
Moving straight to tertiary education from secondary school is considered a big jump.
However, many students take to university life like a duck to water. Normally, the first week
at university is a bit confusing, even a little stressful, but it does not take long to get used to
university life. During the first week, students have their timetables and other paperwork
sorted. After that they can relax and take in the campus atmosphere.
4._________________
When students do not know what they want to do after leaving school, they could consider
some other options, which the advisers can offer. They can find a temporary job, or take a
gap year and go travelling; they may work somewhere abroad, or speak to career advisers
who can help them come up with a plan. If none of these options are successful, students
should go back to school. They can still be accepted on to A level courses if they have
GCSEs.
Find the words/phrases/expressions in the reading text which are closest in meaning
to the following. Write them in the correct space.

LISTENING
Match each word with its meaning.

Listen to an interview about the positive and negative points of the careers of three
people.

53
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words/phrases in the box.
career career advice apprentice temporary workforce option

1. Mark is worried because his company is cutting its _________ by a quarter.

2. Teaching as a _________ is very challenging, but also very rewarding.
3. Secondary school students often do _________ jobs during the summer holidays.
4. Don't worry, Peter. You can always ask your father for _________.
5. Lan has been working for three months at the hairdresser's as a(n) _________.
6. There are many job _________ available for young people to choose from nowadays.
Complete the sentences using the correct of the phrasal verbs in the box.
cut down on go on with come up with drop out of get on with
run out of drop in on keep up with
1. That's enough for now – let's __________ the discussion tomorrow.
2. If you don't work hard, you won't be able to __________ your friends.
3. Come on, Linda. Can you __________ a better idea?
4.I don't think she would __________ her sister-in-law.
5. They __________ money and had to abandon the project.
6. We thought we could __________ you while we were passing by.
7. The doctor told him to __________ chips and chocolate.
8. He felt disappointed and __________ school after the first term.

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UNIT 10
LIFELONG LEARNING
I. GETTING STARTED
Keep learning through life!
Angela: Grandpa, sorry I'm a bit late, but I had to do a lot of homework and missed the bus.
If I hadn't missed it, I'd have come at least 30 minutes earlier.
Grandpa: No problem. Your grandma is still out shopping.
Angela: What are you reading, grandpa? You look really excited!
Grandpa: Well, I've joined the Lifelong Learning Institute and I've chosen some interesting
courses to attend. Do you want to have a look at their brochure?
Angela: OK. But I thought you are retired now?
Why do you need to study? And what's this lifelong learning? Do you mean learning all the
time?
Grandpa: Kind of ... These courses are not just for retired people. They are for everyone who
is interested.
Angela: Oh, no, I don't think I'd want to study all my life. Twelve years in compulsory
education seems enough for me.
Grandpa: Yes, but things change all the time. There are new ideas and concepts that you
need to understand in order to succeed! As a lifelong learner, you can also choose what and
how to study. This type of learning is self-directed.
Angela: Sounds great, but how can I find the time to attend courses when I have a full-time
job?
Grandpa: Well, you could do an online course with discussion sessions in the evening or at
the weekend. You can do it from the comfort of your own home. The key thing is to enjoy
learning and acquire new skills all the time.
Angela: Sounds nice. So lifelong learning is all about learning to enjoy learning?
Grandpa: That's right. It's voluntary and self-motivated. People usually take time to study for
personal or professional reasons, depending on their needs and learning styles.
Angela: But what about you? Why do you need to do all these courses? Digital technology,
art history, French literature? These courses all sound difficult to me. If I had known that, I'd
have brought you my Information Technology textbook.
Grandpa: Well, it's important for me to try new things and keep my brain healthy and fit. I can
also meet and talk to different people, and make new friends.
Angela: Good luck, grandpa. Hope you enjoy the courses.

55
Work in pairs. Decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not
given (NG). Tick the correct box.

Find the words/phrases in the conversation that mean the following.

Complete the sentences with the right form of the words and phrases in the box.
lifelong learning self-directed learning styles self- motivated voluntary
1. Students with __________ are good at completing challenging tasks without the
encouragement of other people.
2. To become a __________ you need to learn new things __________ every single day of
your life.
3. Colleges often encourage students to consolidate knowledge through __________ study.
4. Some people think that if we recognise our __________, we will learn better.
Ben is now thinking about what he did not do in his previous job and his current
situation. Write mixed conditionals, putting the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. If I (share) _________ my knowledge with others, I (have) _________ more ideas on how
to find a more suitable job now.
2. If I (gain) _________ some experience in solving problems, I (be) _________ promoted to
a new position by now.
3. If I (be able) _________ to put my knowledge into practice, I (have) _________ more job
opportunities now.

56
4. If I (learn) _________ how to analyse the information, I (not need) _________ to take this
course now.
5. If I (be) _________ able to improve my professional skills through self-learning, I (be)
_________ a manager now.
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. If you (learn) ________ more about how to use the Internet for studying before, you (be)
________ a successful lifelong learner now.
2. If he (know) ________ how to present his ideas in his previous job, he (have) ________
no trouble becoming a good manager.
3. She's out of work again! If she (continue) ________ improving her skills through lifelong
learning, she (find) ________ new ways to make herself more employable.
4. Those engineers have failed. If they (continue) ________ learning, they (keep) ________
up with new developments and technology.
5. These people do not have good memories. If they (do) ________ more mentally
challenging activities in the past, they (slow) ________ down mental deterioration.

57